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Hong Y, Abudukeremu X, She F, Chen Y. SOAT1 in gallbladder cancer: Clinicopathological significance and avasimibe therapeutics. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23733. [PMID: 38770938 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the differential expression of the sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) protein in gallbladder cancer tissues and cells, investigate the impact of Avastin on the proliferation, migration, invasion capabilities of gallbladder cancer cells, and its potential to induce cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of samples from 145 gallbladder cancer patients was conducted, along with analysis of SOAT1 protein, mRNA expression levels, and cholesterol content in gallbladder cancer cell lines SGC-996, NOZ, and gallbladder cancer (GBC)-SD using Western blot and q-PCR techniques. Furthermore, the effects of Avastin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of these gallbladder cancer cell lines were studied, and its ability to induce cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemical methods. Additionally, gene expression and pathway analysis were performed, and the synergistic therapeutic effects of Avastin combined with gemcitabine were tested in a gallbladder cancer xenograft model. The study found that SOAT1 expression was significantly upregulated in GBC tissues and positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Avastin significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of SGC-996 and GBC-SD cell lines and induced apoptosis. RNA sequencing analysis revealed multiple differentially expressed genes in cells treated with Avastin, primarily enriched in biological pathways such as signaling transduction, malignant tumors, and the immune system. In vivo, experiments confirmed that Avastin could effectively suppress tumor growth in a gallbladder cancer xenograft model and enhanced the treatment efficacy when used in combination with gemcitabine. Overall, these findings provide new insights and strategies for targeted therapy in gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqun Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiahenazi Abudukeremu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feifei She
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Sun T, Xiao X. Targeting ACAT1 in cancer: from threat to treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1395192. [PMID: 38720812 PMCID: PMC11076747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered cholesterol metabolism has been identified as a critical feature of cancers. Cholesterol functions as the main component of cell membrane, cholesterol and is required for sustaining membrane integrity and mediating signaling transduction for cell survival. The intracellular level of cholesterol is dynamically regulated. Excessive cholesterol could be converted to less toxic cholesteryl esters by acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs). While ACAT2 has limited value in cancers, ACAT1 has been found to be widely participated in tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, due to the important role of cholesterol metabolism in immune function, ACAT1 is also essential for regulating anti-tumor immunity. ACAT1 inhibition may be exploited as a potential strategy to enhance the anti-tumor immunity and eliminate tumors. Herein, a comprehensive understanding of the role of ACAT1 in tumor development and anti-tumor immunity may provide new insights for anti-tumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital), Shenyang, China
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3
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Peng T, Xiong K, He Z, Cheng S, Chen S, Chen S, Yang Z, Xiang W, Ju L, Zhang Y, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang G. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe suppresses tumorigenesis and induces G1-phase cell-cycle arrest by activating PPARγ signaling pathway in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:370-382. [PMID: 38169575 PMCID: PMC10758042 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the most important characteristics of tumors. Bladder cancer (BLCA) cells contain higher levels of cholesterol content compared to normal cells, and acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) plays a crucial role in the esterification of cholesterol. Avasimibe is a drug that has been used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, and it can effectively inhibit ACAT1. We observed that ACAT1 was significantly up-regulated in BLCA and positively correlated with tumor grade. By avasimibe administration, the proliferation and migration ability of BLCA cells were reduced, while the production of ROS was strongly increased, accompanied by the up-regulated expression of ROS metabolism-related proteins SOD2 and catalase. Furthermore, BLCA cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase, accompanied by the downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins (CCNA1/2, CCND1, CDK2 and CDK4), while the PPARγ was found to be up-regulated at both transcriptional and protein levels after avasimibe treatment. Then we found that the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 could reverse the effect of avasimibe on the cell cycle. Moreover, xenograft and pulmonary metastasis models further demonstrated that avasimibe could inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results for the first time revealed that avasimibe can inhibit BLCA progression and metastasis, and PPARγ signaling pathway may play a key role in regulation of cell cycle distribution induced by avasimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Peng
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangping Xiong
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwen He
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siming Chen
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Xiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Euler Technology, ZGC Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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4
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Zhu G, Gao H, Li Y, Li X, Yang X, Wang C, Guo Z, Fan H, Fan L. Suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress by 4-PBA enhanced atherosclerotic plaque stability via up-regulating CLOCK expression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154969. [PMID: 38029715 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress refers to a condition where the normal functioning of the ER is disrupted due to a variety of cellular stress factors. As a result, there is an accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins within the ER. Numerous studies have shown that ER stress can exacerbate inflammatory reactions and contribute to the development of various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of ER stress in the stability of atherosclerotic plaques remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential impact of a specific ER stress inhibitor known as 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) on atherosclerosis in mice. The mice were fed a high-fat diet, and treatment with 4-PBA significantly improved the stability of the atherosclerotic plaques. This was evidenced by a reduction in oxidative stress and an increase in circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) protein and mRNA expression within the plaques. Additionally, 4-PBA reduced the expression of ER stress-related proteins and decreased apoptosis in the atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro investigation, we observed the effect of 4-PBA on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that were exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), a significant contributor to the development of atherosclerosis. 4-PBA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and attenuated apoptosis, GRP78 and CHOP protein expression in ox-LDL-Induced VSMCs via up-regulating CLOCK expression. However, when the short hairpin RNA against CLOCK (sh-CLOCK) was introduced to the VSMCs, the protective effect of 4-PBA was abolished. This suggests that the up-regulation of CLOCK expression is crucial for the beneficial effects of 4-PBA on atherosclerotic plaque stability. This finding suggests that targeting ER stress and modulating CLOCK protein levels might be a promising way to enhance the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglang Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyu Fan
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Longhua Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Kim SQ, Kim J, Choi M, Kim Y, Kim S, Kim KH. Effect of combined administration of Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 688:149164. [PMID: 37951155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
A glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide was approved for the treatment of obesity by the Food and Drug Administration. However, it can cause gastrointestinal events at high doses, limiting its broader use. Combining drugs with multiple mechanisms of action could enhance the weight-reducing effects while minimizing side effects. To this end, we investigated the combined effects of semaglutide and avasimibe, an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) inhibitor, on weight reduction in diet-induced obesity mice. Two cohorts of mice were used: In cohort 1, mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks and then randomly assigned to the vehicle, avasimibe [10 mg/kg body weight (BW)], semaglutide (0.4 mg/kg BW), or combination groups. The drugs were administered via subcutaneous (sc) injections on a daily basis. In cohort 2, mice were fed an HF diet for 8 weeks and randomly assigned to the same four groups, but avasimibe was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW, and the drugs were administered every 3 days. In cohort 1, semaglutide initially reduced food intake initially, but this effect was diminished with prolonged administration. Avasimibe, on the other hand, did not affect food intake but prevented weight gain to a lesser extent than semaglutide. Importantly, the combination treatment resulted in the greatest percentage of body weight reduction, along with lower plasma glucose and leptin levels compared to the semaglutide single-treatment group. Cohort 2 confirmed that the superior weight loss in the combination group compared to the other three groups was largely due to a significant reduction in fat mass. Histological analysis of inguinal adipose tissue showed smaller adipocyte size across all treatment groups compared to the vehicle group, with no significant differences among the treatment groups. Collectively, these findings suggest combining semaglutide and avasimibe could be an effective approach to weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Q Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeonghoon Kim
- EFIL BioScience Inc., Bando Ivyvalley, Cheonggyesan-ro, Soojeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Mulim Choi
- EFIL BioScience Inc., Bando Ivyvalley, Cheonggyesan-ro, Soojeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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6
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Lica JJ, Heldt M, Wieczór M, Chodnicki P, Ptaszyńska N, Maciejewska N, Łęgowska A, Brankiewicz W, Gucwa K, Stupak A, Pradhan B, Gitlin-Domagalska A, Dębowski D, Milewski S, Bieniaszewska M, Grabe GJ, Hellmann A, Rolka K. Dual-Activity Fluoroquinolone-Transportan 10 Conjugates Offer Alternative Leukemia Therapy during Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 105:39-53. [PMID: 37977824 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is often considered a last resort leukemia treatment, fraught with limited success due to microbial infections, a leading cause of mortality in leukemia patients. To address this critical issue, we explored a novel approach by synthesizing antileukemic agents containing antibacterial substances. This innovative strategy involves conjugating fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) or levofloxacin (LVX), with the cell-penetrating peptide transportan 10 (TP10). Here, we demonstrate that the resultant compounds display promising biologic activities in preclinical studies. These novel conjugates not only exhibit potent antimicrobial effects but are also selective against leukemia cells. The cytotoxic mechanism involves rapid disruption of cell membrane asymmetry leading to membrane damage. Importantly, these conjugates penetrated mammalian cells, accumulating within the nuclear membrane without significant effect on cellular architecture or mitochondrial function. Molecular simulations elucidated the aggregation tendencies of TP10 conjugates within lipid bilayers, resulting in membrane disruption and permeabilization. Moreover, mass spectrometry analysis confirmed efficient reduction of disulfide bonds within TP10 conjugates, facilitating release and activation of the fluoroquinolone derivatives. Intriguingly, these compounds inhibited human topoisomerases, setting them apart from traditional fluoroquinolones. Remarkably, TP10 conjugates generated lower intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species compared with CIP and LVX. The combination of antibacterial and antileukemic properties, coupled with selective cytostatic effects and minimal toxicity toward healthy cells, positions TP10 derivatives as promising candidates for innovative therapeutic approaches in the context of antileukemic HCT. This study highlights their potential in search of more effective leukemia treatments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fluoroquinolones are commonly used antibiotics, while transportan 10 (TP10) is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) with anticancer properties. In HCT, microbial infections are the primary cause of illness and death. Combining TP10 with fluoroquinolones enhanced their effects on different cell types. The dual pharmacological action of these conjugates offers a promising proof-of-concept solution for leukemic patients undergoing HCT. Strategically designed therapeutics, incorporating CPPs with antibacterial properties, have the potential to reduce microbial infections in the treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jakub Lica
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Mateusz Heldt
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Milosz Wieczór
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Pawel Chodnicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Natalia Ptaszyńska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Anna Łęgowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Wioletta Brankiewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Gucwa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Anna Stupak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Bhaskar Pradhan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Sławomir Milewski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Maria Bieniaszewska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Jan Grabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Andrzej Hellmann
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (J.J.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry (M.H., N.M., S.M.) and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, (M.W., P.C.) Gdansk University of Technology, Poland; Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland (J.J.L., N.P., A.Ł., A.G.-D., D.D., K.R.); Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (W.B.); Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland (K.G.); Polpharma Biologics S.A. Gdansk Science and Technology Park, Poland (A.S.); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (B.P.); Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Poland (M.B., A.H.); and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (G.J.G.)
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Huang L, Zhu Y, Kong Q, Guan X, Lei X, Zhang L, Yang H, Yao X, Liang S, An X, Yu J. Inhibition of Integrin α vβ 3-FAK-MAPK signaling constrains the invasion of T-ALL cells. Cell Adh Migr 2023; 17:1-14. [PMID: 36944577 PMCID: PMC10038045 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2023.2191913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of adhesion receptor integrin αvβ3 in T-ALL was unclear. Firstly, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to assess medullary expression of integrin β3(ITGB3) in T-ALL patients and high ITGB3 expression was relevant with the central nervous system leukemia(CNSL) incidence. Decreasing of cell invasion was observed in Jurkat and Molt4 treated with integrin αvβ3 specific antibody and inhibitor as well as cells with ITGB3 interference. Further, phosphorylation of FAK, cRAF, MEK and ERK decreased in cells with integrin αvβ3 inhibition or interference. Invasion decreased in T-ALL cells treated with FAK and ERK inhibitors. In conclusion, inhibition of integrin αvβ3 signals significantly limits the cell invasion of T-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglin Kong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianmin Guan
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Lei
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Luying Zhang
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Yao
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoyan Liang
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xizhou An
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of hematology and oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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8
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Schiffmann A, Ahlswede L, Gimpl G. Reversible translocation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) between the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular structures. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1258799. [PMID: 38028547 PMCID: PMC10667705 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1258799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is normally localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it can esterify cholesterol for storage in lipid droplets and/or the formation of lipoproteins. Here, we report that ACAT can translocate from the ER into vesicular structures in response to different ACAT inhibitors. The translocation was fast (within minutes), reversible and occurred in different cell types. Interestingly, oleic acid was able to fasten the re-translocation from vesicles back into the reticular ER network. The process of ACAT translocation could also be induced by cyclodextrins, cholesterol, lanosterol (but not 4-cholestene-3 one), 25-hydroxycholesterol, and by certain stress stimuli such as hyperosmolarity (sucrose treatment), temperature change, or high-density cultivation. In vitro esterification showed that ACAT remains fully active after it has been translocated to vesicles in response to hyperosmotic sucrose treatment of the cells. The translocation process was not accompanied by changes in the electrophoretic mobility of ACAT, even after chemical crosslinking. Interestingly, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide showed a stimulating effect on ACAT activity and prevented the translocation of ACAT from the ER into vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Gimpl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biocenter II, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Li Y, Karin M, Prochownik EV. Cholesterol esterification and p53-mediated tumor suppression. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:1122-1127. [PMID: 38023993 PMCID: PMC10651352 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human cancers carry missense mutations in or deletions of the tumor protein 53 (TP53) tumor suppressor gene. TP53's product, p53 regulates many biological processes, including cell metabolism. Cholesterol is a key lipid needed for the maintenance of membrane function and tissue homeostasis while also serving as a precursor for steroid hormone and bile acid synthesis. An over-abundance of cholesterol can lead to its esterification and storage as cholesterol esters. The recent study has shown that the loss of p53 leads to excessive cholesterol ester biosynthesis, which promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Blocking cholesterol esterification improves treatment outcomes, particularly for liver cancers with p53 deletions/mutations that originate in a background of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
- Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center and The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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10
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Jin HR, Wang J, Wang ZJ, Xi MJ, Xia BH, Deng K, Yang JL. Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to therapeutics. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 37700339 PMCID: PMC10498649 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In order to sustain uncontrolled proliferation and survive in unfavorable environments that lack oxygen and nutrients, tumor cells undergo metabolic transformations to exploit various ways of acquiring lipid and increasing lipid oxidation. In addition, stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment also undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming, which further affects tumor functional phenotypes and immune responses. Given that lipid metabolism plays a critical role in supporting cancer progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment, targeting the lipid metabolism pathway could provide a novel approach to cancer treatment. This review seeks to: (1) clarify the overall landscape and mechanisms of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer, (2) summarize the lipid metabolic landscapes within stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and clarify their roles in tumor progression, and (3) summarize potential therapeutic targets for lipid metabolism, and highlight the potential for combining such approaches with other anti-tumor therapies to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Jia Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi-Han Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Xiao M, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Li J, Xu H, Zhao Y, Yu X, Shi S. Functional significance of cholesterol metabolism in cancer: from threat to treatment. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1982-1995. [PMID: 37653037 PMCID: PMC10545798 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential structural component of membranes that contributes to membrane integrity and fluidity. Cholesterol homeostasis plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular activities. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that cholesterol is a major determinant by modulating cell signaling events governing the hallmarks of cancer. Numerous studies have shown the functional significance of cholesterol metabolism in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis through its regulatory effects on the immune response, ferroptosis, autophagy, cell stemness, and the DNA damage response. Here, we summarize recent literature describing cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells, including the cholesterol metabolism pathways and the mutual regulatory mechanisms involved in cancer progression and cholesterol metabolism. We also discuss various drugs targeting cholesterol metabolism to suggest new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Center Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Center Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Tao R, Huang R, Yang J, Wang J, Wang K. Comprehensive analysis of the clinical and biological significances of cholesterol metabolism in lower-grade gliomas. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:692. [PMID: 37488496 PMCID: PMC10364387 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a component of membrane lipids and the precursor of oxysterols and steroid hormones, reprogrammed cholesterol metabolism contributes to the initiation and progression of multiple cancers. Thus, we aim to further investigate the significances of cholesterol metabolism in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS The present study included 413 LGG samples from TCGA RNA-seq dataset (training cohort) and 172 LGG samples from CGGA RNA-seq dataset (validation cohort). The cholesterol metabolism-related signature was identified by the LASSO regression model. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore the functional roles of this signature in LGGs. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were enrolled to estimate prognostic value of the risk signature. RESULTS Our findings suggested that cholesterol metabolism was tightly associated clinicopathologic features and genomic alterations of LGGs. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that cholesterol metabolism played a key role in immunosuppression of LGGs, mainly by promoting macrophages polarization and T cell exhaustion. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis showed that cholesterol metabolism was an independent prognostic indicator for LGG patients. To improve the clinical application value of the risk signature, we also constructed a nomogram model to predict the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of LGG patients. CONCLUSION The cholesterol metabolism was powerful prognostic indicator and could serve as a promising target to enhance personalized treatment of LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jingchen Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Department of stereotactic radiosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Estrada N, Zamora L, Ferrer-Marín F, Palomo L, García O, Vélez P, De la Fuente I, Sagüés M, Cabezón M, Cortés M, Vallansot RO, Senín-Magán MA, Boqué C, Xicoy B. Association between Germline Single-Nucleotide Variants in ADME Genes and Major Molecular Response to Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206217. [PMID: 36294538 PMCID: PMC9604607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is the most common first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used to treat chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML). However, only a proportion of patients achieve major molecular response (MMR), so there is a need to find biological factors that aid the selection of the optimal therapeutic strategy (imatinib vs. more potent second-generation TKIs). The aim of this retrospective study was to understand the contribution of germline single-nucleotide variants (gSNVs) in the achievement of MMR with imatinib. In particular, a discovery cohort including 45 CP-CML patients was analyzed through the DMET array, which interrogates 1936 variants in 231 genes related to the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) process. Variants statistically significant in the discovery cohort were then tested in an extended and independent cohort of 137 CP-CML patients. Finally, a total of 7 gSNVs (ABCG1-rs492338, ABCB11-rs496550, ABCB11-rs497692, CYP2D6-rs1135840, CYP11B1-rs7003319, MAT1A-rs4934027 and SLC22A1-rs628031) and one haplotype in the ABCB11 gene were significantly associated with the achievement of MMR with first-line imatinibtreatment. In conclusion, we identified a genetic signature of response to imatinib in CP-CML patients that could be useful in selecting those patients that may benefit from starting imatinib as first-line therapy, therefore avoiding the toxicity related to second-generation TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Estrada
- Myeloid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Lurdes Zamora
- Myeloid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisca Ferrer-Marín
- Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, CIBERER (CB15/00055), IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, UCAM, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Palomo
- MDS Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Experimental Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga García
- Myeloid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marta Cabezón
- Myeloid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Blanca Xicoy
- Myeloid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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14
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Akotiah A, Walker D, Boddie S, Campbell RB. Drug Targeting and Therapeutic Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Conventional and Nanotherapeutic Drug Options. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2933-2941. [PMID: 35473533 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220426104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a blood cancer predominantly affecting older adult patients. According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 8,860 people will be diagnosed with CML in 2022. Treatments for CML have evolved with a focus on CML phase severity or progression. Overall, there have been some breakthrough treatment options for a high percentage of patients with CML. This is largely due to the discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI); however, drug resistance continues to present a significant challenge for the management of CML disease. The use of interferon (IFN), antimetabolites, and bone marrow transplants provide alternative treatment options, but also present with limitations including severe side effects, toxicity, and graft versus host disease. Nanomedicine has demonstrated benefits in terms of efficacy, often reducing or eliminating unwanted toxicities associated with the use of conventional drug agents. This review summarizes rational molecular targets of CML drugs and provides highlights of current FDA-approved agents for the treatment of CML. Additionally, this communication includes an overview of the limitations of conventional treatments and how nanomedicine has addressed challenges encountered during CML treatment. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrofi Akotiah
- MCPHS University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19 Foster Street Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Dominique Walker
- MCPHS University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19 Foster Street Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Sarah Boddie
- MCPHS University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19 Foster Street Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Robert B Campbell
- MCPHS University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19 Foster Street Worcester, MA 01608, USA
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15
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Ayyagari V, Li M, Pasman Z, Wang X, Louis S, Diaz-Sylvester P, Groesch K, Wilson T, Brard L. Assessment of the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tumor tissue of epithelial ovarian cancer patients - a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:387. [PMID: 35399074 PMCID: PMC8994887 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) and ACAT1-mediated cholesterol esterified with fatty acids (CE) contribute to cancer progression in various cancers. Our findings of increased CE and ACAT1 levels in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines prompted us to investigate whether such an increase occurs in primary clinical samples obtained from human subjects diagnosed with EOC. We evaluated the diagnostic/prognostic potential of ACAT1 and CE in EOC by: 1) assessing ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid, and ovarian/tumor tissues; 2) assessing diagnostic performance by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis; and 3) comparing expression of ACAT1 and CE with that of tumor proliferation marker, Ki67.
Methods
ACAT1 protein levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tissue were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue expression of ACAT1 and Ki67 proteins were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA transcript levels were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CE levels were assessed in plasma, peritoneal fluid (colorimetric assay) and in tissue (thin layer chromatography).
Results
Preoperative levels of ACAT1 and CE on the day of surgery were significantly higher in tissue and peritoneal fluid from EOC patients vs. the non-malignant group, which included subjects with benign tumors and normal ovaries; however, no significant differences were observed in plasma. In tissue and peritoneal fluid, positive correlations were observed between CE and ACAT1 levels, as well as between ACAT1/CE and Ki67.
Conclusions
ACAT1 and CE accumulation may be linked to the aggressive potential of EOC; therefore, these mediators may be useful biomarkers for EOC prognosis and target-specific treatments.
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16
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Kerekes DM, Khan SA. Lipid Metabolism in Biliary Tract Cancer: A New Therapeutic Target? Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:2750-2751. [PMID: 35243594 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Kerekes
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sajid A Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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17
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Ueno G, Iwagami Y, Kobayashi S, Mitsufuji S, Yamada D, Tomimaru Y, Akita H, Asaoka T, Noda T, Gotoh K, Mori M, Doki Y, Eguchi H. ACAT-1-Regulated Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation Modulates Gemcitabine Resistance in Biliary Tract Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:2899-2909. [PMID: 34994902 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancer (BTC) has few choices of chemotherapy, including gemcitabine, therefore exploring the mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance is important. We focused on lipid metabolism because biliary tract epithelial cells are essential in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and the messenger RNA (mRNA) microarray analysis showed high acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) expression in BTC gemcitabine-resistant (GR) cell lines. We hypothesized that aberrant accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) regulated by ACAT-1 could modulate GR in BTC. METHODS CE accumulations were measured in human BTC cell lines, and the relationships between CE levels, ACAT-1 expressions, and gemcitabine sensitivity were analyzed. We performed a small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown and biochemical inhibition of ACAT-1 in BTC cell lines and alterations of gemcitabine sensitivity were evaluated. To evaluate the clinical significance of ACAT-1 in regard to GR, immunohistochemistry was performed and ACAT-1 expressions were analyzed in resected BTC specimens. RESULTS CE levels were correlated with ACAT-1 expressions and GR in four human BTC cell lines. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ACAT-1 in two independent GR cell clones as well as ACAT-1 inhibitor treatment significantly increased gemcitabine sensitivity; knockdown of ACAT-1: 5.63- and 8.02-fold; ACAT-1 inhibitor: 8.75- and 9.13-fold, respectively. ACAT-1 expression in resected BTC specimens revealed that the disease-free survival of the ACAT-1 low-intensity group (median 2.3 years) had a significantly better outcome than that of the ACAT-1 high-intensity group (median 1.1 years) under gemcitabine treatment after surgery (*p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CE and ACAT-1 might be a novel therapeutic target for GR in BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Suguru Mitsufuji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Simvastatin potentiates the cell-killing activity of imatinib in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells mainly through PI3K/AKT pathway attenuation and Myc downregulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174633. [PMID: 34843676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively activated BCR-ABL kinase is considered the driver event responsible in the initiation and development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The advent of the first BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib has significantly improved the clinical outcome of CML cases. However, resistance to imatinib occurs in 25-30% of CML patients. Due to the lack of effective therapeutic strategies, novel treatment approaches are urgently required for imatinib-resistant CML. Simvastatin, a well-known HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that confers tremendous clinical benefits in cardiovascular diseases, has attracted mounting attentions for its potent antitumor effects on multiple tumor types. In this study, we demonstrated that simvastatin monotherapy was effective in diminishing cell viability in both imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cells, including T351I mutated cells, with the latter being less vulnerable to the simvastatin than the former. Notably, we found that simvastatin acted as a robust cytotoxic sensitizer of imatinib to kill imatinib-resistant and T315I mutated CML cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the cooperative interaction of simvastatin and imatinib was associated with the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which was a classical downstream pro-survival cascade of the BCR-ABL kinase. In addition, this drug combination obviously decreased Myc expression through attenuation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and increased H3K27 trimethylation. Taken together, we provide attractive preclinical results for the combinatorial regimen of simvastatin and imatinib against imatinib-resistant and T315I mutated CML cells. This combined regimens warrants further clinical investigations in patients with imatinib-resistant CML.
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19
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Astle JM, Huang H. Mass Cytometry in Hematologic Malignancies: Research Highlights and Potential Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:704464. [PMID: 34858804 PMCID: PMC8630615 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in global gene sequencing technologies and the effect they have had on disease diagnosis, therapy, and research have fueled interest in technologies capable of more broadly profiling not only genes but proteins, metabolites, cells, and almost any other component of biological systems. Mass cytometry is one such technology, which enables simultaneous characterization of over 40 parameters per cell, significantly more than can be achieved by even the most state-of-the-art flow cytometers. This mini-review will focus on how mass cytometry has been utilized to help advance the field of neoplastic hematology. Common themes among published studies include better defining lineage sub-populations, improved characterization of tumor microenvironments, and profiling intracellular signaling across multiple pathways simultaneously in various cell types. Reviewed studies highlight potential applications for disease diagnosis, prognostication, response to therapy, measurable residual disease analysis, and identifying new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Astle
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Huiya Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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20
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Targeting cholesterol homeostasis in hematopoietic malignancies. Blood 2021; 139:165-176. [PMID: 34610110 PMCID: PMC8814816 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a vital lipid for cellular functions. It is necessary for membrane biogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition to maintaining cell integrity and permeability, increasing evidence indicates a strict link between cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation and haematological tumors. This makes cholesterol homeostasis an optimal therapeutic target for hematopoietic malignancies. Manipulating cholesterol homeostasis either interfering with its synthesis or activating the reverse cholesterol transport via the engagement of liver X receptors (LXRs), affects the integrity of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cholesterol homeostasis has also been manipulated to restore antitumor immune responses in preclinical models. These observations have prompted clinical trials in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to test the combination of chemotherapy with drugs interfering with cholesterol synthesis, i.e. statins. We review the role of cholesterol homeostasis in hematopoietic malignancies, as well as in cells of the tumor microenvironment, and discuss the potential use of lipid modulators for therapeutic purposes.
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21
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Zhang Q, Ye M, Wang L, Jiang D, Yao S, Lin D, Chen Y, Feng S, Yang T, Hu J. Characterization of Drug Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Based on Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:1296-1304. [PMID: 34076539 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211024581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is highly associated with poor prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. This work aims to explore whether the laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) could be practical in separating adriamycin-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells K562/adriamycin from its parental cells K562, and to explore the potential mechanisms. Detection of LTRS initially reflected the spectral differences caused by chemoresistance including bands assigned to carbohydrates, amino acid, protein, lipids, and nucleic acid. In addition, principal components analysis as well as the classification and regression trees algorithms showed that the specificity and sensitivity were above 90%. Moreover, the band data-based classification and regression tree model and receiver operating characteristic curve further determined some important bands and band intensity ratios to be reliable indexes in discriminating K562 chemoresistance status. Finally, we highlighted three metabolism pathways correlated with chemoresistance. This work demonstrates that the label-free LTRS analysis combined with multivariate statistical analyses have great potential to be a novel analytical strategy at the single-cell level for rapid evaluation of the chemoresistance status of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 74551Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minlu Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 74551Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, 74551Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, 74551Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Yao
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, 74551Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Donghong Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 74551Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 74551Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, 12425Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, 74551Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 74551Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, 74551Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Zhu Y, Kim SQ, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Kim KH. Pharmacological inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase alleviates obesity and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice by regulating food intake. Metabolism 2021; 123:154861. [PMID: 34371065 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs) catalyze the formation of cholesteryl ester (CE) from free cholesterol to regulate intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Despite the well-documented role of ACATs in hypercholesterolemia and their emerging role in cancer and Alzheimer's disease, the role of ACATs in adipose lipid metabolism and obesity is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibition of ACATs in obesity. METHODS We administrated avasimibe, an ACAT inhibitor, or vehicle to high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice via intraperitoneal injection and evaluated adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, we examined the effect of avasimibe on the expressions of the genes in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, inflammation and adipose pathology in adipose tissue by real-time PCR. We also performed a pair feeding study to determine the mechanism for body weight lowering effect of avasimibe. RESULTS Avasimibe treatment markedly decreased body weight, body fat content and food intake with increased energy expenditure in DIO mice. Avasimibe treatment significantly lowered blood levels of glucose and insulin, and improved glucose tolerance in obese mice. The beneficial effects of avasimibe were associated with lower levels of adipocyte-specific genes in adipose tissue and the suppression of food intake. Using a pair-feeding study, we further demonstrated that avasimibe-promoted weight loss is attributed mainly to the reduction of food intake. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that avasimibe ameliorates obesity and its-related insulin resistance in DIO mice through, at least in part, suppression of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sora Q Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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23
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Websdale A, Kiew Y, Chalmers P, Chen X, Cioccoloni G, Hughes TA, Luo X, Mwarzi R, Poirot M, Røberg-Larsen H, Wu R, Xu M, Zulyniak MA, Thorne JL. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of cholesterol esterification enzymes reduces tumour burden: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical models. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114731. [PMID: 34407453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterification proteins Sterol-O acyltransferases (SOAT) 1 and 2 are emerging prognostic markers in many cancers. These enzymes utilise fatty acids conjugated to coenzyme A to esterify cholesterol. Cholesterol esterification is tightly regulated and enables formation of lipid droplets that act as storage organelles for lipid soluble vitamins and minerals, and as cholesterol reservoirs. In cancer, this provides rapid access to cholesterol to maintain continual synthesis of the plasma membrane. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarise the current depth of understanding of the role of this metabolic pathway in pan-cancer development. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for preclinical studies identified eight studies where cholesteryl ester concentrations were compared between tumour and adjacent-normal tissue, and 24 studies where cholesterol esterification was blocked by pharmacological or genetic approaches. Tumour tissue had a significantly greater concentration of cholesteryl esters than non-tumour tissue (p < 0.0001). Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SOAT was associated with significantly smaller tumours of all types (p ≤ 0.002). SOAT inhibition increased tumour apoptosis (p = 0.007), CD8 + lymphocyte infiltration and cytotoxicity (p ≤ 0.05), and reduced proliferation (p = 0.0003) and metastasis (p < 0.0001). Significant risk of publication bias was found and may have contributed to a 32% overestimation of the meta-analysed effect size. Avasimibe, the most frequently used SOAT inhibitor, was effective at doses equivalent to those previously reported to be safe and tolerable in humans. This work indicates that SOAT inhibition should be explored in clinical trials as an adjunct to existing anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Websdale
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yi Kiew
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Philip Chalmers
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Giorgia Cioccoloni
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Xinyu Luo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rufaro Mwarzi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ruoying Wu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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24
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Mayengbam SS, Singh A, Pillai AD, Bhat MK. Influence of cholesterol on cancer progression and therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101043. [PMID: 33751965 PMCID: PMC8010885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormality in blood cholesterol level is significantly correlated with risk of different cancers. Majority of tumor tissue from cancer patient exhibits overexpression of LDLR and ACAT for supporting rapid cancer cell proliferation. Alteration of the cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells hampers therapeutic response. Targeting cholesterol metabolism for treatment of cancer with other conventional chemotherapeutic drugs appears to be beneficial.
Cholesterol is a fundamental molecule necessary for the maintenance of cell structure and is vital to various normal biological functions. It is a key factor in lifestyle-related diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Owing to its altered serum chemistry status under pathological states, it is now being investigated to unravel the mechanism by which it triggers various health complications. Numerous clinical studies in cancer patients indicate an alteration in blood cholesterol level (either decreased or increased) in comparison to normal healthy individuals. This article elaborates on our understanding as to how cholesterol is being hijacked in the malignancy for the development, survival, stemness, progression, and metastasis of cancerous cells. Also, it provides a glimpse of how cholesterol derived entities, alters the signaling pathway towards their advantage. Moreover, deregulation of the cholesterol metabolism pathway has been often reported to hamper various treatment strategies in different cancer. In this context, attempts have been made to bring forth its relevance in being targeted, in pre-clinical and clinical studies for various treatment modalities. Thus, understanding the role of cholesterol and deciphering associated molecular mechanisms in cancer progression and therapy are of relevance towards improvement in the management of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Ajay D Pillai
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
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Matsushita Y, Nakagawa H, Koike K. Lipid Metabolism in Oncology: Why It Matters, How to Research, and How to Treat. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:474. [PMID: 33530546 PMCID: PMC7865757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids in our body, which are mainly composed of fatty acids, triacylglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol, play important roles at the cellular level. In addition to being energy sources and structural components of biological membranes, several types of lipids serve as signaling molecules or secondary messengers. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, but changes in lipid metabolism in cancer have received less attention compared to glucose or glutamine metabolism. However, recent innovations in mass spectrometry- and chromatography-based lipidomics technologies have increased our understanding of the role of lipids in cancer. Changes in lipid metabolism, so-called "lipid metabolic reprogramming", can affect cellular functions including the cell cycle, proliferation, growth, and differentiation, leading to carcinogenesis. Moreover, interactions between cancer cells and adjacent immune cells through altered lipid metabolism are known to support tumor growth and progression. Characterization of cancer-specific lipid metabolism can be used to identify novel metabolic targets for cancer treatment, and indeed, several clinical trials are currently underway. Thus, we discuss the latest findings on the roles of lipid metabolism in cancer biology and introduce current advances in lipidomics technologies, focusing on their applications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.K.)
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Bacci M, Lorito N, Smiriglia A, Morandi A. Fat and Furious: Lipid Metabolism in Antitumoral Therapy Response and Resistance. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:198-213. [PMID: 33281098 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an established trait of cancer metabolism that guides response and resistance to antitumoral therapies. Enhanced lipogenesis, increased lipid content (either free or stored into lipid droplets), and lipid-dependent catabolism sustain therapy desensitization and the emergence of a resistant phenotype of tumor cells exposed to chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Aberrant lipid metabolism, therefore, has emerged as a potential metabolic vulnerability of therapy-resistant cancers that could be exploited for therapeutic interventions or for identifying tumors more likely to respond to further lines of therapies. This review gathers recent findings on the role of aberrant lipid metabolism in influencing antitumoral therapy response and in sustaining the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo Smiriglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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27
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Kuang Y, Han X, Cao P, Xiong D, Peng Y, Liu Z, Xu Z, Liang L, Roy M, Liu J, Nie L, Zhang J. p19 INK4d inhibits proliferation and enhances imatinib efficacy through BCR-ABL signaling pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 85:102477. [PMID: 32711219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a kind of myeloproliferative disorder caused by a constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib and its derivatives, have achieved great progress in the treatment of CML. However, many CML patients do not respond to TKIs alone. p19INK4d, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, plays important roles in proliferation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis and cell differentiation, but its role in CML is unknown. Herein, we found that the expression of p19INK4d in CML patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. p19INK4d overexpression inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest, and cooperates with imatinib to inhibit CML more effectively in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, p19INK4d decreased the expression of BCR-ABL and its downstream molecules p-Mek1/2, moreover, the expression of Gli-1, c-myc, MUC1, Shh and TC48 also reduced significantly. Collectively, p19INK4d inhibits proliferation and enhances imatinib efficacy in the treatment of CML. These findings maybe have implications for developing potential targets to increase imatinib sensitivity for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Kuang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dehui Xiong
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Zhenru Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Erythropoiesis Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421000, China.
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29
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Huang B, Song BL, Xu C. Cholesterol metabolism in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2020; 2:132-141. [PMID: 32694690 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism produces essential membrane components as well as metabolites with a variety of biological functions. In the tumour microenvironment, cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues reprogram cholesterol metabolism and consequently promote tumourigenesis. Cholesterol-derived metabolites play complex roles in supporting cancer progression and suppressing immune responses. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that manipulating cholesterol metabolism inhibits tumour growth, reshapes the immunological landscape and reinvigorates anti-tumour immunity. Here, we review cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells, its role in cancer progression and the mechanisms through which cholesterol metabolites affect immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with cholesterol metabolism, and how the combination of such approaches with existing anti-cancer therapies can have synergistic effects, thus offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Ayyagari VN, Wang X, Diaz-Sylvester PL, Groesch K, Brard L. Assessment of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT-1) role in ovarian cancer progression-An in vitro study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228024. [PMID: 31978092 PMCID: PMC6980601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) mediated cholesterol ester has been shown to contribute to cancer progression in various cancers including leukemia, glioma, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. However, the significance of ACAT-1 and cholesterol esters (CE) is relatively understudied in ovarian cancer. In this in vitro study, we assessed the expression and contribution of ACAT-1 in ovarian cancer progression. We observed a significant increase in the expression of ACAT-1 and CE levels in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines (OC-314, SKOV-3 and IGROV-1) compared to primary ovarian epithelial cells (normal controls). To confirm the tumor promoting capacity of ACAT-1, we inhibited ACAT-1 expression and activity by treating our cell lines with an ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe, or by stable transfection with ACAT-1 specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). We observed significant suppression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ACAT-1 knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines compared to their respective controls (cell lines transfected with scrambled shRNA). ACAT-1 inhibition enhanced apoptosis with a concurrent increase in caspases 3/7 activity and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with increased expression of p53 may be the mechanism(s) underlying pro-apoptotic action of ACAT-1 inhibition. Additionally, ACAT-1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell lines displayed enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin treatment. These results suggest ACAT-1 may be a potential new target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi N. Ayyagari
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Paula L. Diaz-Sylvester
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Kathleen Groesch
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
| | - Laurent Brard
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States America
- * E-mail:
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Pan J, Zhang Q, Palen K, Wang L, Qiao L, Johnson B, Sei S, Shoemaker RH, Lubet RA, Wang Y, You M. Potentiation of Kras peptide cancer vaccine by avasimibe, a cholesterol modulator. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:72-81. [PMID: 31680003 PMCID: PMC6945201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No effective approaches to target mutant Kras have yet been developed. Immunoprevention using KRAS-specific antigenic peptides to trigger T cells capable of targeting tumor cells relies heavily on lipid metabolism. To facilitate better TCR/peptide/MHC interactions that result in better cancer preventive efficacy, we combined KVax with avasimibe, a specific ACAT1 inhibitor, tested their anti-cancer efficacy in mouse lung cancer models, where Kras mutation was induced before vaccination. Methods Control of tumor growth utilizing a multi-peptide Kras vaccine was tested in combination with avasimibe in a syngeneic lung cancer mouse model and a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Activation of immune responses after administration of Kras vaccine and avasimibe was also assessed by flow cytometry, ELISpot and IHC. Findings We found that Kras vaccine combined with avasimibe significantly decreased the presence of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment and facilitated CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor sites. Avasimibe also enhanced the efficacy of Kras vaccines target mutant Kras. Whereas the Kras vaccine significantly increased antigen-specific intracellular IFN-γ and granzyme B levels in CD8+ T cells, avasimibe significantly increased the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Additionally, modulation of cholesterol metabolism was found to specifically impact in T cells, and not in cancer cells. Interpretation Avasimibe complements the efficacy of a multi-peptide Kras vaccine in controlling lung cancer development and growth. This treatment regimen represents a novel immunoprevention approach to prevent lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Katie Palen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lifen Qiao
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bryon Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald A Lubet
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Abstract
Leukemia is a common hematological malignancy with overall poor prognosis. Novel therapies are needed to improve the outcome of leukemia patients. Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is a featured alteration in leukemia. Many metabolic-related genes and metabolites are essential to the progress and drug resistance of leukemia. Exploring potential therapeutical targets related to cholesterol homeostasis is a promising area. This review summarized the functions of cholesterol and its derived intermediate metabolites, and also discussed potential agents targeting this metabolic vulnerability in leukemia.
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Abstract
Cellular imaging is an active area of research that enables researchers to monitor cellular dynamics, as well as responses to various external stimuli (physiological stress, exogenous compounds, etc.). Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is one popular experimental tool used to image cells, largely because of its chemical specificity, high spatial resolution, and high image acquisition speed. In this Perspective, the theoretical background and experimental implementation of SRS microscopy are discussed and recent developments in the field of cellular imaging with SRS are highlighted and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Hill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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34
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Bi M, Qiao X, Zhang H, Wu H, Gao Z, Zhou H, Shi M, Wang Y, Yang J, Hu J, Liang W, Liu Y, Qiao X, Zhang S, Zhao Z. Effect of inhibiting ACAT-1 expression on the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1548-1556. [PMID: 31423222 PMCID: PMC6607388 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that acetyl-CoA acetryltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) may mediate tumor development and metastasis. However, the specific function served by ACAT-1 in lung cancer is not well understood. Therefore, the present study initially verified that ACAT-1 was overexpressed in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tissues compared with non-LLC mice and that this overexpression promoted the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of these LLC samples. Western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry allowed the present study to determine that the ACAT-1 inhibitor avasimibe significantly reduced the expression of ACAT-1 in LLC compared with LLC cells that are not treated with avasimibe (P<0.05). A combination of Cell Counting Kit-8 and wound healing assays demonstrated that downregulating ACAT-1 expression sufficiently inhibited the proliferation of LLC cells. Avasimibe promoted LLC cell apoptosis as assessed by a Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining assay. Furthermore, avasimibe inhibited tumor growth in vivo and improved immune responses, with tissue biopsies from LLC model mice exhibiting higher levels of ACAT-1 compared with in healthy controls. Altogether, the results of the present study reveal that avasimibe may inhibit the progression of LLC by downregulating the expression of ACAT-1, which may thus be a potential novel therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Bi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Xuxu Qiao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Huazhang Wu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Gao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Mohan Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Jingru Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Weichen Liang
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Xujie Qiao
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Zhibiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
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Wages PA, Kim HYH, Korade Z, Porter NA. Identification and characterization of prescription drugs that change levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol and desmosterol. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1916-1926. [PMID: 30087204 PMCID: PMC6168312 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m086991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating blood cholesterol (Chol) levels by pharmacotherapy has successfully improved cardiovascular health. There is growing interest in the role of Chol precursors in the treatment of diseases. One sterol precursor, desmosterol (Des), is a potential pharmacological target for inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. However, elevating levels of the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) by inhibiting the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase is linked to teratogenic outcomes. Thus, altering the sterol profile may either increase risk toward an adverse outcome or confer therapeutic benefit depending on the metabolite affected by the pharmacophore. In order to characterize any unknown activity of drugs on Chol biosynthesis, a chemical library of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs was screened for the potential to modulate 7-DHC or Des levels in a neural cell line. Over 20% of the collection was shown to impact Chol biosynthesis, including 75 compounds that alter 7-DHC levels and 49 that modulate Des levels. Evidence is provided that three tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib, ponatinib, and masitinib, elevate Des levels as well as other substrates of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme responsible for converting Des to Chol. Additionally, the mechanism of action for ponatinib and masitinib was explored, demonstrating that protein levels are decreased as a result of treatment with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A Wages
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Hye-Young H Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
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Cholesterol esterification inhibition and gemcitabine synergistically suppress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma proliferation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193318. [PMID: 29489864 PMCID: PMC5831104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have recognized metabolic reprogramming as an underlying mechanism for cancer drug resistance. However, the role of cholesterol metabolism in drug resistance remain elusive. Herein, we report an increased accumulation of cholesteryl ester in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. A potent inhibitor of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1), avasimibe, effectively suppressed proliferation of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Combination of avasimibe and gemcitabine showed strong synergistic effect in suppressing PDAC cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Immunoblotting analysis suggests downregulation of Akt by avasimibe is likely to contribute to the synergism. Collectively, our study demonstrates a new combinational therapeutic strategy to overcome gemcitabine resistance for PDAC treatment.
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Bryonolic Acid Blocks Cancer Cell Clonogenicity and Invasiveness through the Inhibition of Fatty Acid: Cholesteryl Ester Formation. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010021. [PMID: 29439506 PMCID: PMC5874678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryonolic acid (BrA) is a pentacyclic triterpene present in several plants used in African traditional medicine such as Anisophyllea dichostyla R. Br. Here we investigated the in vitro anticancer properties of BrA. We report that BrA inhibits acyl-coA: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) activity in rat liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner, blocking the biosynthesis of the cholesterol fatty acid ester tumour promoter. We next demonstrated that BrA inhibits ACAT in intact cancer cells with an IC50 of 12.6 ± 2.4 µM. BrA inhibited both clonogenicity and invasiveness of several cancer cell lines, establishing that BrA displays specific anticancer properties. BrA appears to be more potent than the other pentacyclic triterpenes, betulinic acid and ursolic acid studied under similar conditions. The inhibitory effect of BrA was reversed by exogenous addition of cholesteryl oleate, showing that ACAT inhibition is responsible for the anticancer effect of BrA. This report reveals new anticancer properties for BrA.
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38
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Integrated functional and mass spectrometry-based flow cytometric phenotyping to describe the immune microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia. J Immunol Methods 2017; 453:44-52. [PMID: 29175391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of the development of cancer is its ability to avoid detection and elimination by the immune system. There are many identified mechanisms of this immune evasion that can be measured both phenotypically and functionally. Functional studies directly show the ability of the tumor microenvironment to suppress immune responses, typically measured as lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production or killing ability. While a direct measurement of function is ideal, these assays require ex vivo activation which may not accurately mimic in vivo conditions. Phenotypic assays can directly measure the distribution and activation of immune cell types rapidly after isolation, preserving the conditions present in the patient. While conventional flow cytometry is a rapid and well established assay, it currently allows for measurement of only 12-14 parameters. Mass spectrometry-based flow cytometry, or CyTOF, offers the ability to measure 3-fold more parameters than conventional optical-based modalities providing an advantage in depth of analysis that can be crucial for precious human samples. The goal of this report is to describe the system our group has developed to measure both the phenotype and function of immune cells in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We hope to explain our system in the context of previous studies aimed at measuring immune status in tumors and to inform the reader as to some experimental approaches our group has found useful in developing the basic data required to rationally pursue immune-based therapies for patients with cancer.
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