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Han Y, Meng X, Wang D. Association Between Triglyceride Glucose Index with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Adult Population: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res 2024. [PMID: 38593823 DOI: 10.1055/a-2284-5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The current understanding of the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and cognitive dysfunction is limited. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a recently suggested indicator of IR, and cognitive impairment and dementia in the adult population. Observational studies pertinent to our research were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. To account for potential heterogeneity, the random-effects models were employed to aggregate the findings. This meta-analysis included ten observational studies involving 5602409 participants. Compared to those with the low TyG index, subjects with the high TyG index were significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment [risk ratio (RR): 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22 to 1.59, p<0.001; I2=45%) and dementia (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.60, p=0.01; I2=50%). The association was consistent for Alzheimer's disease (RR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.76, p=0.03; I2=54%) and vascular dementia (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.24, p<0.001; I2=0%). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between TyG index with cognitive impairment and dementia were stronger in cross-sectional studies than that in cohort studies (p for subgroup difference=0.02), but not significantly modified by age, sex, or diabetic status of the participants. In conclusion, a high TyG index may be associated with higher risk of cognitive impartment and dementia in adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dahui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Jung WK, Park SB, Yu HY, Kim J. Gemigliptin Improves Salivary Gland Dysfunction in D-Galactose-Injected Aging Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:35. [PMID: 38258046 PMCID: PMC10820573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral dryness is among the most common conditions experienced by the elderly. As saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health and overall quality of life, the condition is increasingly taking its toll on a rapidly growing aging population. D-galactose (D-gal) stimulates their formation, which in turn cause oxidative stress and accelerate age-related decline in physical function. In this study, we observed a reduction in salivary secretion and amylase levels in aged rats injected with D-gal, confirming salivary gland dysfunction. Treatment with gemigliptin increased DPP-4 inhibition and GLP-1 levels in the salivary glands of aging rats and reduced the expression of AGEs and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). This effect was caused by the presence of additional reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the salivary glands of the examined rats. Gemigliptin's cytoprotective effect reduced amylase and mucin accumulation and increased AQP5 expression, which are important indicators of salivary gland function. In sum, gemigliptin was shown to improve D-gal-induced decline in the salivary gland function of aged rats through its anti-glycation and antioxidant activities. Gemigliptin shows promise as a treatment strategy for patients experiencing decreased salivary function associated with their advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (W.K.J.); (S.-B.P.); (H.Y.Y.)
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3
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Jabeen K, Rehman K, Akash MSH, Nadeem A, Mir TM. Neuroprotective and Cardiometabolic Role of Vitamin E: Alleviating Neuroinflammation and Metabolic Disturbance Induced by AlCl 3 in Rat Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2453. [PMID: 37760893 PMCID: PMC10525157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurodegenerative disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease, share a common pathophysiological link involving insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and hypertension. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3), a known neurotoxicant, has been associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and various organ dysfunctions due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of metformin and vitamin E against AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation and cardiometabolic disturbances in rat models. Rats were divided into five groups: a normal control group, an AlCl3-treated diseased group without any treatment, and three groups exposed to AlCl3 and subsequently administered with metformin (100 mg/kg/day) alone, vitamin E (150 mg/kg/day) orally alone, or a combination of metformin (100 mg/kg/day) and vitamin E (150 mg/kg/day) for 45 days. We analyzed serum biomarkers and histopathological changes in brain, heart, and pancreatic tissues using H&E and Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns were observed for all groups. The AlCl3-treated group showed elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, MDA, and disturbances in glycemic and lipid profiles, along with reduced insulin levels. However, treatment with the combination of metformin and vitamin E resulted in significantly reduced glucose, cholesterol, LDL, and TG levels, accompanied by increased insulin and HDL levels compared to the individual treatment groups. Histopathological analyses revealed that combination therapy preserved neuronal structures, muscle cell nuclei, and normal morphology in the brain, heart, and pancreatic tissues. IHC demonstrated reduced amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the combination-treated group compared to the AlCl3-treated group. Moreover, the combination group showed a normal ECG pattern, contrasting the altered pattern observed in the AlCl3-treated group. Overall, our findings suggest that metformin and vitamin E, in combination, possess neuroprotective and cardiometabolic effects, alleviating AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jabeen
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Maqbool Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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4
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Salama II, Sami SM, Salama SI, Abdel-Latif GA, Aboulghate A, Raslan HM, Mohsen A, Rasmy H, Ibrahim MH, Ganem MMF, Abdelmohsen AM, El-Etreby LA, Ibrahim NA, Fouad WA, El-Deeb SE. Impact of lifestyle modification on glycemic control and cognitive function among Type II diabetes mellitus patients. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO835. [PMID: 37006227 PMCID: PMC10051212 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assessing impact of lifestyle modification on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) glycemic control and cognitive function. Subjects & methods: Prospective study was conducted on T2DM patients (92 patients as interventional group and 92 patients conventional therapy). Results: After 6 months, significant improvements of HbA1c, oxidant and antioxidant, lipid profile, and cognitive function among only the interventional group (p < 0.05). Using logistic analysis, conventional therapy, DM duration >10 years, lower education, HbA1c baseline >7 were significant predictive risks for uncontrolled DM (AOR 4.2, 2.9, 2.7 and 2.2, respectively). While, conventional therapy, baseline mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and females were significant risks for MCI (AOR 11.5, 10.8 and 4.8, respectively). Conclusion: Lifestyle modification is a very important for glycemic control and cognitive function. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04891887 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samia M Sami
- Child Health Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aboulghate
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hala M Raslan
- Internal Medicine Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohsen
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Rasmy
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona Hamed Ibrahim
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona MF Ganem
- Internal Medicine Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aida M Abdelmohsen
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Lobna A El-Etreby
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nihad A Ibrahim
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Fouad
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sherif E El-Deeb
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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5
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Jadhav R, Kulkarni YA. Neuroprotective Effect of Quercetin and Memantine against AlCl 3-Induced Neurotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010417. [PMID: 36615626 PMCID: PMC9824229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences indicate that there is a substantial increase in worldwide cases of dementia. Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia and may contribute to 60-70% of cases. Quercetin is a unique bioflavonoid that has numerous therapeutic benefits such as anti-allergy, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, immuno-modulatory, anti-infective, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, neuroprotective effects, etc. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of orally administered quercetin with memantine in albino Wistar rats after inducing neurotoxicity through AlCl3 (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Chronic administration of AlCl3 resulted in poor retention of memory and significant oxidative damage. Various behavioral parameters, such as locomotor activity, Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and passive avoidance test, were assessed on days 21 and 42 of the study. The animals were euthanatized following the completion of the last behavioral assessment. Various oxidative stress parameters were assessed to know the extent of oxidative damage to brain tissue. Quercetin with memantine has shown significant improvement in behavioral studies, inhibition of AChE activity, and reduction in oxidative stress parameters. Histopathological studies assessed for cortex and hippocampus using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and Congo red stain demonstrated a reduction in amyloid-β plaque formation after treatment of quercetin with memantine. Immunohistochemistry showed that quercetin with memantine treatment also improved the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inhibited amyloid-β plaque formation. The present study results demonstrated protective effects of treatment of quercetin with memantine in the neurotoxicity linked to aluminum chloride in albino Wistar rats.
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6
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Martinovic J, Zaric Kontic M, Dragic M, Todorovic A, Gusevac Stojanovic I, Mitrovic N, Grkovic I, Drakulic D. Chronic oral d-galactose intake provokes age-related changes in the rat prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2023; 436:114072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Blockers Potently Inhibit Monoglyceride Lipase: Investigation By Docking Studies And In Vitro Bioassay. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Experimentally Induced Animal models for Cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease. MethodsX 2022; 9:101933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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9
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Vitheejongjaroen P, Kasorn A, Puttarat N, Loison F, Taweechotipatr M. Bifidobacterium animalis MSMC83 Improves Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota in D-Galactose-Induced Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2146. [PMID: 36358518 PMCID: PMC9686799 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of many chronic diseases is associated with an excess of free radicals leading to harmful oxidative stress. Certain probiotic strains have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-aging properties and are an important resource for development of microbial antioxidants. The present study aimed to explore the protection offered by Bifidobacterium animalis strain MSMC83 in a model of oxidative stress induced by D-galactose (D-gal). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups: a control group injected with saline, a group injected subcutaneously with D-galactose, a probiotic group injected with D-galactose and administered B. animalis MSMC83 (109 CFU/mL) via daily oral gavage, and an ascorbic acid group. The probiotics significantly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde in the plasma and livers of D-galactose-treated rats. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in the liver was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the treatment with B. animalis MSMC83 restored the microbiota diversity after D-galactose injection. Therefore, our results supported a beneficial role of B. animalis MSMC83 in alleviating oxidative stress through the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats. Our study suggests that B. animalis MSMC83 may be part of a healthy diet to prevent oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porntipha Vitheejongjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Anongnard Kasorn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Narathip Puttarat
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Fabien Loison
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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10
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Ezzat MI, Issa MY, Sallam IE, Zaafar D, Khalil HMA, Mousa MR, Sabry D, Gawish AY, Elghandour AH, Mohsen E. Impact of different processing methods on the phenolics and neuroprotective activity of Fragaria ananassa Duch. extracts in a D-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced rat model of aging. Food Funct 2022; 13:7794-7812. [PMID: 35766389 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00645f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases, including dementia, are a major health concern affecting daily human life. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is the most eaten fruit worldwide due to its exceptional aroma and flavor. However, it's rapid softening and decay limit its shelf-life. Freezing and boiling represent the well-known conservation methods to extend its shelf-life. Therefore, we aimed to discover the phytochemical content differences of fresh and processed strawberries associated with investigating and comparing their neuroprotective effects in a rat model of aging. Female Wistar rats were orally pretreated with fresh, boiled, and frozen F. ananassa methanolic extracts (250 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks, and then these extracts were concomitantly exposed to D-galactose [65 mg kg-1, subcutaneously (S/C)] and AlCl3 (200 mg kg-1, orally) for 6 weeks to develop aging-like symptoms. The results of UPLC/ESI-MS phytochemical profiling revealed 36 secondary metabolites, including phenolics, flavonoids, and their glycoside derivatives. Compared with boiled and frozen extracts, the fresh extract ameliorated the behavioral deficits including anxiety and cognitive dysfunction, upregulated brain HO-1 and Nrf2 levels, and markedly reduced caspase-3 and PPAR-γ levels. Moreover, LDH and miRNA-9, 124 and 132 protein expressions were reduced. The histological architecture of the brain hippocampus was restored and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression was downregulated. In conclusion, the fresh extract has neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Y Issa
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim E Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, 12566, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, el-Mokattam, Cairo, 11581, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mousa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University, 11829, Egypt
| | - Aya Y Gawish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, el-Mokattam, Cairo, 11581, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Elghandour
- Communication Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, 11766, Egypt
| | - Engy Mohsen
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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11
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Novel Luteolin-Loaded Chitosan Decorated Nanoparticles for Brain-Targeting Delivery in a Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051003. [PMID: 35631589 PMCID: PMC9148113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation and evaluation of a non-invasive intranasal luteolin delivery for the management of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using novel chitosan decorated nanoparticles. Development of luteolin-loaded chitosomes was followed by full in vitro characterization. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD) animal model via intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin (ICV-STZ). Treatment groups of luteolin suspension and chitosomes (50 mg/kg) were then intranasally administered after 5 h of ICV-STZ followed by everyday administration for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies were conducted. Chitosomes yielded promising quality attributes in terms of particle size (PS) (412.8 ± 3.28 nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.378 ± 0.07), Zeta potential (ZP) (37.4 ± 2.13 mv), and percentage entrapment efficiency (EE%) (86.6 ± 2.05%). Behavioral findings showed obvious improvement in the acquisition of short-term and long-term spatial memory. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed an increased neuronal survival rate with a reduction in the number of amyloid plaques. Biochemical results showed improved antioxidant effects and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators’ levels. In addition, a suppression by half was observed in the levels of both Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated-tau protein in comparison to the model control group which in turn confirmed the capability of luteolin-loaded chitosomes (LUT-CHS) in attenuating the pathological changes of AD. The prepared nanoparticles are considered a promising safe, effective, and non-invasive nanodelivery system that improves cognitive function in SAD albino mice as opposed to luteolin suspension.
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12
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Melichercik L, Tvrdik T, Novakova K, Nemec M, Kalinak M, Baciak L, Kasparova S. Huperzine aggravated neurochemical and volumetric changes induced by D-galactose in the model of neurodegeneration in rats. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Kumar R, Kumar R, Sharma N, Khurana N, Singh SK, Satija S, Mehta M, Vyas M. Pharmacological evaluation of bromelain in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:19-34. [PMID: 35219781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study elucidates pharmacological evaluation of bromelain as a bioactive compound obtain from pineapple stem belongs to family Bromeliaceae in AlCl3 and D - galactose induced mice. In mice, co-administration of AlCl3 at dose 5 mg/kg b.w., via the oral route, and D - galactose at dose 60 mg/kg b.w., via intraperitoneal route for 90 days resulted in cognitive impairment, spatial learning, and memory deficits, as well as neurotoxicity. However, 30 consecutive days, treatments via an intraperitoneal route with bromelain low dose (Brm L) at dose 10 mg/kg b.w., bromelain high dose (Brm H) at dose 20 mg/kg b.w., donepezil (Dnpz) at dose 2 mg/kg b.w., and Brm L + Dnpz at doses 10, 2 mg/kg b.w. were considerably reversed the effect of AlCl3 and D - galactose induced AD mice. Consequences of behavioral parameters (Morris water maze, elevated plus maze and locomotor), biochemical estimation (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, Nitrite and AChE), and ELISA tests (mouse BACE, Aβ1 - 42, TNF-α, IL-6, and BDNF) confirmed significant (p < 0.05) neuroprotective effect of treatments in AlCl3 and D - galactose induced mice. Additionally, hematoxylin and eosin staining of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus exposed eosinophilic lesions and hyperchromatic nuclei in AD mice, but these neurodegenerative effects were eliminated by Brm L, Brm H, Dnpz, and Brm L + Dnpz treatments. Thus, bromelain alone and in combination with donepezil prevent AlCl3 and D - galactose induced spatial learning and memory deficits, as well as cognitive impairment, by increasing cholinergic activity and synaptic plasticity, as well as reducing oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, Aβ 1-42 aggregations, and histopathological damage, according to our findings. The present study consequences indicate that bromelain alone and in combination with donepezil appears to have neuroprotective properties. Henceforward, this may be a promising treatment option for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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Na Z, Jiang H, Meng Y, Song J, Feng D, Fang Y, Shi B, Li D. Association of galactose and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101379. [PMID: 35480079 PMCID: PMC9035629 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely linked to metabolic disorders. Recent reports have identified galactose as having strong associations with metabolic disorders, however, the correlation between galactose and PCOS remains largely unknown. METHODS The serum galactose levels of 104 patients with PCOS and 98 controls were measured, and their relationships with several metabolic parameters were analyzed. The study took place at the Center for Reproductive Medicine at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China from July 13 to Oct 20, 2020. The relationships between serum galactose and PCOS as well as PCOS-related insulin resistance were investigated via logistic regression analyses, and the performance of serum galactose as a potential biomarker for PCOS was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. FINDINGS Higher serum galactose levels were observed in the patients with PCOS than in the controls (p = 0.001). There was still a correlation between circulating galactose levels and PCOS after adjusting for covariates (p = 0.002; odds ratio (OR), 1.133; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.047-1.227). Serum galactose levels were shown to be most closely related to the fasting serum insulin level (r = 0.370, p = 0.001) and were higher in the insulin-resistant subgroup than in the non-insulin-resistant subgroup of patients with PCOS (p = 0.001). There was no difference in serum galactose levels between the insulin-resistant and non-insulin-resistant subgroups of women in the control group (p > 0.05). Furthermore, higher serum galactose levels were shown to be associated with insulin resistance in PCOS (p = 0.004; OR, 26.017; 95% CI, 2.907-232.810). The area under the curve for galactose-mediated prediction of PCOS was 80.0%, with a sensitivity of 71.0% and a specificity of 86.4%. INTERPRETATION Higher circulating galactose levels correlate with PCOS and PCOS-related insulin resistance; therefore, it may serve as a potential biomarker for patients with PCOS. These findings require further validation in a study with a larger sample size. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82,071,607 and 32,100,691); LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (No. XLYC1907071); Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (No. 151,039); Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province (NO. 2,018,225,062); Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital (No. 202,003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Na
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yaxin Meng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Di Feng
- Education Center for Clinical Skill Practice, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bei Shi
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Corresponding authors at: Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Diseases and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110122, China
- Corresponding authors at: Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, SanHao Street, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Intranasal metformin treatment ameliorates cognitive functions via insulin signaling pathway in ICV-STZ-induced mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 299:120538. [PMID: 35395244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) provides evidence that insulin and insulin sensitizers may be beneficial for the treatment of AD. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of action of intranasal metformin treatment on impaired cognitive functions in an experimental mice model of AD. MAIN METHODS Intracerebroventricularly (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ)-injected mice were treated with intranasal or oral metformin for 4 weeks. Learning and memory functions were evaluated using Morris water maze. Metformin and Aβ42 concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and ELISA respectively. The expressions of insulin receptor, Akt and their phosphorylated forms were determined in the hippocampi and cerebral cortices of mice. KEY FINDINGS ICV-STZ-induced AD mice displayed impaired learning and memory functions which were improved by metformin treatment. ICV-STZ injection or intranasal/oral metformin treatments had no effect on blood glucose concentrations. Intranasal treatment yielded higher concentration of metformin in the hippocampus and lower in the plasma compared to oral treatment. ICV-STZ injection and metformin treatments did not change amyloid β-42 concentration in the hippocampus of mice. In hippocampal and cortical tissues of ICV-STZ-induced AD mice, insulin receptor (IR) and Akt expressions were unchanged, while phosphorylated insulin receptor (pIR) and pAkt expressions decreased compared to control. Metformin treatments did not change IR and Akt expressions but increased pIR and pAkt expressions. SIGNIFICANCE The present study showed for the first time that intranasal metformin treatment improved the impaired cognitive functions through increasing insulin sensitivity in ICV-STZ-induced mice model of AD.
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16
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A Brain-Targeted Approach to Ameliorate Memory Disorders in a Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model via Intranasal Luteolin-Loaded Nanobilosomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030576. [PMID: 35335952 PMCID: PMC8950550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired memory and cognitive function are the main features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Unfortunately, currently available treatments cannot cure or delay AD progression. Moreover, the blood–brain barrier hampers effective delivery of treatment to the brain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of intranasally delivered luteolin on AD using bile-salt-based nano-vesicles (bilosomes). Different bilosomes were prepared using 23-factorial design. The variables were defined by the concentration of surfactant, the molar ratio of cholesterol:phospholipid, and the concentration of bile salt. Results demonstrated optimized luteolin-loaded bilosomes with particle size (153.2 ± 0.98 nm), zeta potential (−42.8 ± 0.24 mV), entrapment efficiency% (70.4 ± 0.77%), and % drug released after 8 h (80.0 ± 1.10%). In vivo experiments were conducted on an AD mouse model via intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin. We conducted behavioral, biochemical marker, histological, and immune histochemistry assays after administering a luteolin suspension or luteolin bilosomes (50 mg/kg) intranasally for 21 consecutive days. Luteolin bilosomes improved short-term and long-term spatial memory. They also exhibited antioxidant properties and reduced levels of proinflammatory mediators. They also suppressed both amyloid β aggregation and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein levels in the hippocampus. In conclusion, luteolin bilosomes are an effective, safe, and non-invasive approach with superior cognitive function capabilities compared to luteolin suspension.
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17
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D-galactose-induced aging in rats – The effect of metformin on bioenergetics of brain, skeletal muscle and liver. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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El-Baz FK, Abdel Jaleel GA, Hussein RA, Saleh DO. Dunalialla salina microalgea and its isolated zeaxanthin mitigate age-related dementia in rats: Modulation of neurotransmission and amyloid-β protein. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1899-1908. [PMID: 34926168 PMCID: PMC8648797 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
D. salina as well as its isolated zeaxanthin showed marked recovery of the D-gal-induced effect on the escape latency time. D. salina exerted an amelioration in the brain Aβ contents and an increase in the brain 5-HT, NE and DOP levels. These effects were confirmed by histopathological increase in number of viable neurons in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
Age-related deterioration of sensorimotor and cognitive abilities suggests that the brain undergoes regressive alterations with aging that compromise its function. Thus, the present study was designed to assess the efficacy of Dunaliella salina in counteracting D-galactose (D-gal)-induced dementia brain aging and its modulatory role in attenuating amyloid β (Aβ) protein and neurotransmitters. Aging associated dementia was generated by injection of D-gal (200 mg/kg; i.p) of rats for 8 weeks. D. salina biomass (250 mg/kg), polar (30 mg/kg), its carotenoid (30 mg/kg) fractions as well as the isolated zeaxanthin (250 μg/kg) were given orally simultaneously with D-gal for additional two weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment dose; behavioral, biochemical and histopathological assessment were performed. Results showed that oral treatment of motor deficit rats with D. salina biomass and its isolated polar and carotenoid fractions showed amelioration in the motor coordination assessed by the rotarod test and in the memory and learning capabilities evaluated by Morris water maze test. D. salina also showed a reduction in brain levels of inflammatory indicators viz. interlekin-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthetase as well as brain contents of Aβ protein and myelin base protein. Likewise, oral treatment with D. salina biomass and its isolated polar and carotenoid fractions exhibited an increase in the rats’ brain neurotransmitters and their metabolites. Furthermore, histopathological investigations have confirmed all of these results. Our findings suggest that D. salina overcomes brain aging and thereby repairs age-related dementia, both for its modulating function in attenuating the Aβ protein and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk K El-Baz
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt
| | - Gehad A Abdel Jaleel
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Hussein
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt
| | - Dalia O Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Egypt
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19
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Kumar R, Kumar R, Sharma N, Khurana N. Ameliorative effect of myrcene in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174529. [PMID: 34592305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Myrcene (Myr) has been reported to show neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. In this research work, we investigated the Myr effect on neurobehavioural, and neuropathological alteration in mice induced by Aluminium trichloride (AlCl3) and D - galactose. The administration of AlCl3 (5 mg/kg; p. o.), and D - galactose (60 mg/kg; i. p.) for 90 days in mice resulted in spatial learning and memory deficits, cognitive decline, as well as neurotoxicity. The treatments with Myr low dose (100 mg/kg), Myr high dose (200 mg/kg), donepezil (2 mg/kg), and Myr low dose + donepezil (100 + 2 mg/kg) were administered via intraperitoneal route for 30 days significantly reversed the neurobehavioral, and neuropathological effects of AlCl3 and D - galactose in mice. The results of behavioural tests such as Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and locomotor; biochemical analysis such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitrite, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE); and ELISA tests such as mouse β - secretase (BACE), amyloid-beta peptide1-42 (Aβ1 - 42), tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α), interleukin - 6 (IL-6), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) neuroprotective effect of the Myr and donepezil co-treatments. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus revealed eosinophilic lesions and hyperchromatic nuclei in Alzheimer's disease mice, but treatments with Myr low dose, Myr high dose, donepezil, and Myr low dose + donepezil reversed these neurodegenerative effects. Myr showed these activities by enhancing synaptic plasticity and cholinergic activity, as well as reducing oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, Aβ1-42 aggregations, and histopathological damage. Myr alone and in combination with donepezil may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
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20
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Budni J, Braga Brandão A, da Silva S, Lima Garcez M, Mina F, Bellettini-Santos T, Casagrande Zabot G, Behenck Medeiros E, Scaini G, de Oliveira J, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Oral administration of D-galactose increases brain tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1057-1067. [PMID: 33616841 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
D-galactose (D-gal) is a carbohydrate widely distributed in regular diets. However, D-gal administration in rodents is associated with behavioral and neurochemical alterations similar to features observed in aging. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effects of D-gal exposure, in different periods, in rats' brain regions' activities of creatine kinase (CK) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. Male adult Wistar rats received D-gal (100 mg/kg, gavage) for 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks. CK and TCA enzymes' activities were evaluated in rats' prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In general, the results showed an increase in citrate synthase (CS) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in animals treated with D-gal compared to the control group in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Also, in the fourth week, the malate dehydrogenase (MD) activity increased in the hippocampus of rats that received D-gal compared to control rats. In addition, we observed an increase in the CK activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the first and eighth weeks of treatment in the D-gal group compared to the control group. D-gal administration orally administered modulated TCA cycle enzymes and CK activities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which were also observed in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, more studies using experimental models are necessary to understand better the impact and contribution of these brain metabolic abnormalities associated with D-gal consumption for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Budni
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Arleide Braga Brandão
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Silva
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Francielle Mina
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Casagrande Zabot
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emílio Luiz Streck
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Qian J, Wang X, Cao J, Zhang W, Lu C, Chen X. Dihydromyricetin attenuates D-galactose-induced brain aging of mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135963. [PMID: 34022267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related especially brain aging-related diseases are heavy health care burdens worldwide. Natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been studied to prevent brain aging pathogenesis. In the present study we investigated the potential mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DMY), isolated from Ampelopsis grossedentata, against D-galactose (D-Gal)-triggered brain aging of mice. Mice were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 20): control group, D-gal (150 mg/kg) group, D-gal (150 mg/kg) + Puerarin group, D-gal (150 mg/kg) + DMY (168 mg/kg) and D-gal (150 mg/kg) + DMY (42 mg/kg). Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial cognition and oxidative stress and inflammation index such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-2 and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Cellular senescence marker was detected by Western blotting analysis. We found that DMY (42 mg/kg) showed strong neuroprotective effects, evidenced by improved spatial cognition and might be attributed to the alleviated damage of hippocampal neurons. In addition, DMY also suppressed the D-Gal-induced senescence of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the expressions of p53, p21, and p16. Furthermore, DMY restored the activity of catalase and exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, AGEs and MDA of D-Gal-exposed mice. Moreover, DMY decreased the abundance of IL-6 but increased the abundance of IL-2 of D-Gal-exposed mice. These findings indicated that DMY might protect against brain aging caused by chronic D-Gal exposure by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation-related senescence of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Ji Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xiangfan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.6 Haierxiang North Road Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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22
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Hegazy R, Mansour D, Salama A, Hassan A, Saleh D. Exposure to intranasal chromium triggers dose and time-dependent behavioral and neurotoxicological defects in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112220. [PMID: 33845363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive recorded environmental and occupational dispersal of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) dust contributes to an increased interest in its toxicological consequences. A previous study of our team described a brain injury induced by acute intranasal instillation of Cr(VI) in rats, which was characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. This proposed a high risk of brain damage among Cr(VI) exposed individuals either environmentally or occupationally especially through the nasal cavity. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subacute/subsubacute/subchronic exposure to intranasal potassium dichromate (inPDC) solution in three dose levels (0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/kg/day for five successive days/week) for 3 different intervals/dose: two weeks, one month, and two months, on the brain of rats. The rats were sacrificed 24 h following the last inPDC dose. The locomotor activity, motor coordination, and object recognition behavior of the rats have been measured. Evaluation of oxidative stress; evidenced by lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione, and inflammatory markers; evidenced by interleukin 1-beta in the brain tissues, as well as the brain PI3K and PKB contents were performed. Furthermore, the brain anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); marker of neurotoxicity was assessed immunohistochemically. Brain histopathological alterations were also studied. The findings of the current study revealed a dose- and time-dependent inPDC-induced brain toxicity in rats, as displayed by the biochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation. Behaviorally, the major toxic effects of inPDC were observed on the locomotor and cognition functions, however, minor effects were observed on the motor coordination. The results suggest that short-term exposure to intranasal Cr(VI), in theses doses, does not trigger a major brain injury in rats; however, observation of more toxic alterations in a time-dependent manner is a threat of more sever toxicity upon longer exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
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23
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Wahl D, Anderson RM, Le Couteur DG. Antiaging Therapies, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1643-1652. [PMID: 31125402 PMCID: PMC7749193 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a powerful risk factor for the development of many chronic diseases including dementia. Research based on disease models of dementia have yet to yield effective treatments, therefore it is opportune to consider whether the aging process itself might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of dementia. Numerous cellular and molecular pathways have been implicated in the aging process and compounds that target these processes are being developed to slow aging and delay the onset of age-associated conditions. A few particularly promising therapeutic agents have been shown to influence many of the main hallmarks of aging and increase life span in rodents. Here we discuss the evidence that some of these antiaging compounds may beneficially affect brain aging and thereby lower the risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre.,Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre.,Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, The University of Sydney, Australia
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24
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Sheng L, Jena PK, Hu Y, Wan YJY. Age-specific microbiota in altering host inflammatory and metabolic signaling as well as metabolome based on the sex. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:31-48. [PMID: 33575288 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-20-671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolism is sex-different, and the direct link between gut microbiota and aging-associated metabolic changes needs to be established in both sexes. Methods Gene expression, metabolic and inflammatory signaling, gut microbiota profile, and metabolome were studied during aging and after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in mice of both sexes. Results Our data revealed young female mice and aged male mice were the most insulin sensitive and resistant group, respectively. In addition, aging reduced sex difference in insulin sensitivity. Such age- and sex-dependent metabolic phenotypes were accompanied by shifted gut microbiota profile and altered abundance of bacterial genes that produce butyrate, propionate, and bile acids. After receiving feces from the aged males (AFMT), the most insulin-resistant group, recipients of both sexes had increased hepatic inflammation and serum endotoxin. However, AFMT only increased insulin resistance in female mice and abolished sex difference in insulin sensitivity. Additionally, such changes were accompanied by narrowed sex difference in metabolome. Metabolomics data revealed that age-associated insulin resistance in males was accompanied by increased sugar alcohols and dicarboxylic acids as well as reduced aromatic and branched-chain amino acids. Further, receiving feces from the young females (YFMT), the most insulin-sensitive group, reduced body weight and fasting blood glucose in male recipients and improved insulin sensitivity in females, leading to enhanced sex differences in insulin sensitivity and metabolome. Conclusions Aging systemically affected inflammatory and metabolic signaling based on the sex. Gut microbiome is age and sex-specific, which affects inflammation and metabolism in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Flores-Cuadra JA, Madrid A, Fernández PL, Pérez-Lao AR, Oviedo DC, Britton GB, Carreira MB. Critical Review of the Alzheimer's Disease Non-Transgenic Models: Can They Contribute to Disease Treatment? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 82:S227-S250. [PMID: 33216029 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing neurodegenerative disease without effective treatments or therapies. Despite the use of different approaches and an extensive variety of genetic amyloid based models, therapeutic strategies remain elusive. AD is characterized by three main pathological hallmarks that include amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammatory processes; however, many other pathological mechanisms have been described in the literature. Nonetheless, the study of the disease and the screening of potential therapies is heavily weighted toward the study of amyloid-β transgenic models. Non-transgenic models may aid in the study of complex pathological states and provide a suitable complementary alternative to evaluating therapeutic biomedical and intervention strategies. In this review, we evaluate the literature on non-transgenic alternatives, focusing on the use of these models for testing therapeutic strategies, and assess their contribution to understanding AD. This review aims to underscore the need for a shift in preclinical research on intervention strategies for AD from amyloid-based to alternative, complementary non-amyloid approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Flores-Cuadra
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Alanna Madrid
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Patricia L Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Ambar R Pérez-Lao
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Diana C Oviedo
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá.,Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua (USMA), Panamá
| | - Gabrielle B Britton
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Maria B Carreira
- Centro de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
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Abdel-Rafei MK, Thabet NM. Modulatory effect of methylsulfonylmethane against BPA/γ-radiation induced neurodegenerative alterations in rats: Influence of TREM-2/DAP-12/Syk pathway. Life Sci 2020; 260:118410. [PMID: 32926927 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), is an organosulfur compound, has many health benefits. Bisphenol-A (BPA) and γ-radiation (R) are two risky environmental contaminants that human beings are exposed to in everyday life. This work aims at unveiling the modulatory role of MSM in combating BPA and R co-exposure induced neurodegenerative disorder (Alzheimer's (AD)-mimic neurotoxicity). MAIN METHODS Female rats were randomly divided into five groups. One group was normal control and the other four groups were subjected to subacute BPA intoxication and/or exposed to fractionated weekly doses of R for 4 weeks and either untreated or treated with MSM concomitantly. KEY FINDINGS BPA and R co-exposure induced typical hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders as revealed by tremendously elevated oxidative stress, extensive neuroinflammation (tumor necrosis factor -α and interleukin-1β), elevated AD markers (amyloid-beta (Aβ42), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and tau-phosphorylation) in cortex and hippocampus as well as up-regulation of microglial pro-inflammatory triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2(TREM-2)/DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP-12)/spleen-tyrosine kinase (Syk) pathway and its downstream targets (PLC-γ/DAG/p38-MAPK) in hippocampus. Also, neurodegenerative lesions were revealed in histopathological examination of cortex and hippocampus coupled with marked Aβ deposition in hippocampus. Whereas, MSM treatment improved histopathological insults and ameliorated level of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and AD markers as well as modulated TREM-2/DAP-12/Syk pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that MSM afforded neuroprotection against BPA and R; supporting its potential application in the associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noura M Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Farr SA, Roesler E, Niehoff ML, Roby DA, McKee A, Morley JE. Metformin Improves Learning and Memory in the SAMP8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1699-1710. [PMID: 30958364 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is used for the treatment of insulin resistant diabetes. Diabetics are at an increased risk of developing dementia. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that metformin treatment prevents cognitive decline in diabetics. A pilot clinical study found cognitive improvement with metformin in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Preclinical studies suggest metformin reduces Alzheimer-like pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current study, we used 11-month-old SAMP8 mice. Mice were given daily injections of metformin at 20 mg/kg/sc or 200 mg/kg/sc for eight weeks. After four weeks, mice were tested in T-maze footshock avoidance, object recognition, and Barnes maze. At the end of the study, brain tissue was collected for analysis of PKC (PKCζ, PKCι, PKCα, PKCγ, PKCɛ), GSK-3β, pGSK-3βser9, pGSK-3βtyr216, pTau404, and APP. Metformin improved both acquisition and retention in SAMP8 mice in T-maze footshock avoidance, retention in novel object recognition, and acquisition in the Barnes maze. Biochemical analysis indicated that metformin increased both atypical and conventional forms of PKC; PKCζ, and PKCα at 20 mg/kg. Metformin significantly increased pGSK-3βser9 at 200 mg/kg, and decreased Aβ at 20 mg/kg and pTau404 and APPc99 at both 20 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. There were no differences in blood glucose levels between the aged vehicle and metformin treated mice. Metformin improved learning and memory in the SAMP8 mouse model of spontaneous onset AD. Biochemical analysis indicates that metformin improved memory by decreasing APPc99 and pTau. The current study lends support to the therapeutic potential of metformin for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Farr
- Research and Development Service, VA Medical Center, MO, USA.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Roesler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Michael L Niehoff
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Deborah A Roby
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Alexis McKee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
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Remigante A, Morabito R, Spinelli S, Trichilo V, Loddo S, Sarikas A, Dossena S, Marino A. d-Galactose Decreases Anion Exchange Capability through Band 3 Protein in Human Erythrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080689. [PMID: 32748857 PMCID: PMC7465100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Galactose (d-Gal), when abnormally accumulated in the plasma, results in oxidative stress production, and may alter the homeostasis of erythrocytes, which are particularly exposed to oxidants driven by the blood stream. In the present investigation, the effect of d-Gal (0.1 and 10 mM, for 3 and 24 h incubation), known to induce oxidative stress, has been assayed on human erythrocytes by determining the rate constant of SO42− uptake through the anion exchanger Band 3 protein (B3p), essential to erythrocytes homeostasis. Moreover, lipid peroxidation, membrane sulfhydryl groups oxidation, glycated hemoglobin (% A1c), methemoglobin levels (% MetHb), and expression levels of B3p have been verified. Our results show that d-Gal reduces anion exchange capability of B3p, involving neither lipid peroxidation, nor oxidation of sulfhydryl membrane groups, nor MetHb formation, nor altered expression levels of B3p. d-Gal-induced %A1c, known to crosslink with B3p, could be responsible for rate of anion exchange alteration. The present findings confirm that erythrocytes are a suitable model to study the impact of high sugar concentrations on cell homeostasis; show the first in vitro effect of d-Gal on B3p, contributing to the understanding of mechanisms underlying an in vitro model of aging; demonstrate that the first impact of d-Gal on B3p is mediated by early Hb glycation, rather than by oxidative stress, which may be involved on a later stage, possibly adding more knowledge about the consequences of d-Gal accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Trichilo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Saverio Loddo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Universitario “G. Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Strubergasse 21, Haus C, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Strubergasse 21, Haus C, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)90-6765214
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Safar MM, Shahin NN, Mohamed AF, Abdelkader NF. Suppression of BACE1 and amyloidogenic/RAGE axis by sitagliptin ameliorates PTZ kindling-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 328:109144. [PMID: 32653415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The debilitating nature of cognitive impairment in epilepsy and the potential of some traditional antiepileptics to further deteriorate cognitive function are areas of growing concern. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) deficiency has been linked to reduced seizure threshold as well as cognitive dysfunction. Here, we tested whether sitagliptin (SITA), by virtue of its neuroprotective properties, could alleviate both epilepsy and associated cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of kindling epilepsy. Chemical kindling was induced by subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (30 mg/kg; i.p). SITA (50 mg/kg; p.o) was administered 1 h before PTZ injections. SITA conceivably attenuated PTZ hippocampal histological insult, preserved neuronal integrity and amended neurotransmitter perturbations in rat hippocampi paralleled with enhanced hippocampal GLP-1 levels as well as the downstream cAMP content and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Moreover, SITA improved cognitive functioning of rats in the Morris water maze which was coupled with hampered hippocampal p(Ser404)-tau and β-amyloid proteins. SITA replenished p(Ser9)-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). It also opposed the boosted matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels associated with PTZ administration along with mitigation of both β-secretase-1 (BACE1) immunoreactivity and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein level in rat hippocampi. In conclusion, SITA subdues epileptic and cognitive upshots of PTZ kindling in rats, which might correspond to the modulation of BACE1, amyloidogenic/RAGE axis as well as GSK-3β/MMP-9/BDNF signaling cascade. SITA effects are probably mediated via boosting GLP-1 and subsequently enhancing GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Safar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Far AH, Lebda MA, Noreldin AE, Atta MS, Elewa YHA, Elfeky M, Mousa SA. Quercetin Attenuates Pancreatic and Renal D-Galactose-Induced Aging-Related Oxidative Alterations in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4348. [PMID: 32570962 PMCID: PMC7352460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an oxidative stress-associated process that progresses with age. Our aim is to delay or attenuate these oxidative alterations and to keep individuals healthy as they age using natural compounds supplementation. Therefore, we conducted the present study to investigate the protective potentials of quercetin against D-galactose (D-gal)-associated oxidative alterations that were induced experimentally in male Wistar rats. Forty-five rats were randomly allocated into five groups of nine rats each. The groups were a control group that was reared on a basal diet and injected subcutaneously with 120 mg D-gal dissolved in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl) per kg body weight daily and quercetin-treated groups that received the same basal diet and subcutaneous daily D-gal injections were supplemented orally with 25, 50, and 100 mg of quercetin per kg body weight for 42 days. Pancreatic and renal samples were subjected to histopathological, immunohistochemical, and relative mRNA expression assessments. Aging (p53, p21, IL-6, and IL-8), apoptotic (Bax, CASP-3, and caspase-3 protein), proliferative (Ki67 protein), antiapoptotic (Bcl2 and Bcl2 protein), inflammatory (NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α), antioxidant (SOD1), and functional markers (GCLC and GCLM genes and insulin, glucagon, and podocin proteins) were determined to evaluate the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal and the protective role of quercetin. D-gal caused oxidative alterations of the pancreas and kidneys observed via upregulations of aging, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers and downregulated the antiapoptotic, proliferative, antioxidant, and functional markers. Quercetin potentially attenuated these aging-related oxidative alterations in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we can conclude that quercetin supplementation is considered as a promising natural protective compound that could be used to delay the aging process and to maintain human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Lebda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt; (M.A.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Mustafa S. Atta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Yaser H. A. Elewa
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elfeky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt; (M.A.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Antioxidant Effects of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Kernel and Walnut Septum Extract in a D-Galactose-Induced Aging Model and in Naturally Aged Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050424. [PMID: 32423149 PMCID: PMC7278598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant dietary intervention is considered a potential strategy in delaying age-related dysfunctions. In this study of 56 days, we assessed the antioxidant effects of walnut kernel (WK) and walnut septum extract (WSE) in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model and in a naturally aged rat model. Young Wistar rats, treated with D-gal (1200 mg/week), and old rats received daily WK or WSE added to the feed. After 8 weeks, blood, liver, and brain samples were collected and hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress biomarkers, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase activity was investigated in brain homogenates. The outcomes demonstrated significant improvement in cellular antioxidant activity and/or decrease of reactive oxygen species, advanced glycation end products, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, or increase of glutathione after WK or WSE intake in both models. Additionally, WSE showed hypoglycemic effect, and both WK and WSE lowered acetylcholinesterase activity. Both diets could protect neurons against the induced senescence and could reverse the pathological conditions in the physiological aged brain. Thus, dietary supplementation with WK or WSE can maintain the liver and brain health and reduce the risk of age-related diseases, as well as delaying the onset of aging processes.
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Metformin and trimetazidine ameliorate diabetes-induced cognitive impediment in status epileptic rats. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 104:106893. [PMID: 32000097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes and epilepsy are more prone to cognitive impairment, dementia, and even Alzheimer's disease. Diabetes-induced inflammatory process is one of the main contributing factors; however, the impact on seizure is not clear. The current study is aimed to examine the role of metformin and trimetazidine in the reduction of neuronal damage caused by inflammatory mediators and apoptotic factors in diabetic epileptic rodent model. Diabetic epileptic rats received orally either metformin (100 mg/kg) or trimetazidine (10 mg/kg) for 3 weeks exhibited reduced cognitive function and ameliorated the disturbed brain neurotransmission. Besides, they improved both the inflammatory status and the histopathologic alterations. Administration of metformin or trimetazidine ameliorated the deterioration in cognitive function in Morris water maze (MWM) and reduced seizure score. Furthermore, brain neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were reverted back to their normal values. Both treatments reduced the rise in inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), apoptotic markers nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and caspase-3, and improved the pathological photomicrograph of the hippocampus of diabetic epileptic rats. Such effects were closely correlated to the observed increase in the adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) ratio and reduction of death-associated protein (DAP) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In conclusion, the current study shed light on the potential neuroprotective role of metformin and trimetazidine in the amelioration of cognitive function via hindering inflammatory processes in diabetic epileptic rats.
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Liu Z, Xu L, Xing M, Xu X, Wei J, Wang J, Kang W. Trelagliptin succinate: DPP-4 inhibitor to improve insulin resistance in adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109952. [PMID: 32036216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trelagliptin inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl-4 (DPP-4) to treat type 2 diabetes and it may possess the potential to improve insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanism is not known. In this study, the effect of trelagliptin succinate in improving insulin resistance was investigated. The differentiation system of 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes was used to determine the content of adipokines and the content of GLUT4 in the outer membrane. The expression of AKT, P-AKT, IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes was determined by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that trelagliptin succinate increased the expression of AKT, P-AKT, IRS-1 and P-IRS-1 in the PI-3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway. These events promote the trans-membrane function of GLUT4 and concomitant glucose intake in adipocytes. In addition, the secretion of free fatty acids and resistin were decreased. In conclusion, our study suggested that trelagliptin succinate improved insulin resistance in adipocytes via regulation of PI-3K/AKT/GLUT4 insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lanting Xu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Meimei Xing
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Zhengzhou Mingze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Haider S, Liaquat L, Ahmad S, Batool Z, Siddiqui RA, Tabassum S, Shahzad S, Rafiq S, Naz N. Naringenin protects AlCl3/D-galactose induced neurotoxicity in rat model of AD via attenuation of acetylcholinesterase levels and inhibition of oxidative stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227631. [PMID: 31945778 PMCID: PMC6964982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently prescribed medications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition only offer symptomatic relief but do not provide protection against neurodegeneration. There appear to be an intense need for the development of therapeutic strategies that not only improve brain functions but also prevent neurodegeneration. The oxidative stress is one of the main causative factors of AD. Various antioxidants are being investigated to prevent neurodegeneration in AD. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of naringenin (NAR) against AlCl3+D-gal induced AD-like symptoms in an animal model. Rats were orally pre-treated with NAR (50 mg/kg) for two weeks and then exposed to AlCl3+D-gal (150 mg/kg + 300 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for one week to develop AD-like symptoms. The standard drug, donepezil (DPZ) was used as a stimulator of cholinergic activity. Our results showed that NAR pre-treatment significantly protected AD-like behavioral disturbances in rats. In DPZ group, rats showed improved cognitive and cholinergic functions but the neuropsychiatric functions were not completely improved and showed marked histopathological alterations. However, NAR not only prevented AlCl3+D-gal induced AD-like symptoms but also significantly prevented neuropsychiatric dysfunctions in rats. Results of present study suggest that NAR may play a role in enhancing neuroprotective and cognition functions and it can potentially be considered as a neuroprotective compound for therapeutic management of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Liaquat
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saara Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafat Ali Siddiqui
- Nutrition Science and Food Chemistry Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, United States of America
| | - Saiqa Tabassum
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zuifiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Shahzad
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Pakistan Navy Medical Training School and College, PNS Shifa, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Rafiq
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Narjis Naz
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Meshkani SE, Mahdian D, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Abroudi M, Dadashizadeh G, Lalau JD, De Broe ME, Hosseinzadeh H. Metformin as a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review on drug repositioning. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1-19. [PMID: 31098946 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is the first prescribed drug for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mainly by activating AMPK pathway, this drug exerts various functions that among them protective effects are of the interest. PURPOSE Herein, we aimed to gather data about the protective impacts of metformin against various natural or chemical toxicities. RESULTS An extensive search among PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted by keywords related to protection, toxicity, natural and chemical toxins and, metformin. Our literature review showed metformin alongside its anti-hyperglycemic effect has a wide range of anti-toxic effects against anti-tumour and routine drugs, natural and chemical toxins, herbicides and, heavy metals. CONCLUSION It is evident that metformin is a potent drug against the toxicity of a broad spectrum of natural, chemical toxic agents which is proved by a vast number of studies. Metformin mainly through AMPK axis can protect different organs against toxicities. Moreover, metformin preserves DNA integrity and can be an option for adjuvant therapy to ameliorate side effect of other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Meshkani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - D Mahdian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - K Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - M Abroudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - G Dadashizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - J-D Lalau
- Department of Endocrinology, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - M E De Broe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Huang X, Su C, Chen S, Teng J, Zhao L, Chen S. Effect of klotho as an ageing suppressor on insulin signalling cascade in brain of d-galactose mice by Yisui moxibustion. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1665476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinge Huang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Chuanli Su
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Affiliated Orthopedics Surgery, Jianxiang Hospital, Foshan, PR China
| | - Jinlong Teng
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Shangjie Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Bao’an Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
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Krzysztoforska K, Piechal A, Blecharz-Klin K, Pyrzanowska J, Joniec-Maciejak I, Mirowska-Guzel D, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Administration of protocatechuic acid affects memory and restores hippocampal and cortical serotonin turnover in rat model of oral D-galactose-induced memory impairment. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Escitalopram Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in D-Galactose-Injected Ovariectomized Rats: Modulation of JNK, GSK-3β, and ERK Signalling Pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10056. [PMID: 31296935 PMCID: PMC6624366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Though selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been found to increase cognitive performance in some studies on patients and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), other studies have reported contradictory results, and the mechanism of action has not been fully described. This study aimed to examine the effect of escitalopram, an SSRI, in an experimental model of AD and to determine the involved intracellular signalling pathways. Ovariectomized rats were administered D-galactose (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) over ten weeks to induce AD. Treatment with escitalopram (10 mg/kg/day, p.o) for four weeks, starting from the 7th week of D-galactose injection, enhanced memory performance and attenuated associated histopathological changes. Escitalopram reduced hippocampal amyloid β 42, β-secretase, and p-tau, while increasing α-secretase levels. Furthermore, it decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, and NADPH oxidase, while enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phospho-cAMP response element binding protein, and synaptophysin levels. Moreover, escitalopram diminished the protein expression of the phosphorylated forms of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun, while increasing those of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and its upstream kinases MEK and Raf-1. In conclusion, escitalopram ameliorated D-galactose/ovariectomy-induced AD-like features through modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, Raf-1/MEK/ERK, and JNK/c-Jun pathways.
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Khalil MNA, Choucry MA, El Senousy AS, Hassan A, El-Marasy SA, El Awdan SA, Omar FA. Ambrosin, a potent NF-κβ inhibitor, ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced memory impairment, comparison to curcumin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219378. [PMID: 31276550 PMCID: PMC6611615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its poor bioavailability, curcumin is a promising natural polyphenol targeting NF-κβ. NF-κβ is a target for new therapeutics because it plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). In contrast, ambrsoin, a sesquiterpene lactone which is a potent NF-κβ inhibitor, is scarcely studied in AD models. The current work aims to assess the efficacy of ambrosin as a possible remedy for AD. In silico studies showed that bioavailability and BBB permeability could be favorable for ambrosin over curcumin. Memory impairment was induced in mice by single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.4 mg/kg). Treated groups received curcumin (100 mg/kg) or ambrosin at doses (5 or 10 mg/kg) for 7 days. Mice in treated groups showed a significant improvement in memory functions during Morris water maze and object recognition tests. Curcumin and ambrosin (10 mg/kg) inhibited the upsurge of NF-κβp65 transcript and protein levels. Consequently, downstream pro-inflammatory and nitrosative mediators were inhibited, namely, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and iNOS. BACE1 was inhibited, thereby reducing amyloid plaques (Aβ) deposition and eventually reducing inflammation and apoptosis of neurons as revealed by immunohistopathological examination. In conclusion, ambrosin can be repurposed as AD remedy after further pharmacokinetic/pharamacodynamic assessments. It could serve as an additional lead drug for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N. A. Khalil
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mouchira A. Choucry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira S. El Senousy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Farghaly A. Omar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Xourgia E, Papazafiropoulou A, Melidonis A. Antidiabetic treatment on memory and spatial learning: From the pancreas to the neuron. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:169-180. [PMID: 30891152 PMCID: PMC6422855 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of constant hyperglycemia on neural function have been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Some of the hallmark features of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) are impaired synaptic adaptation and diminished spatial learning capacity. Chronic and progressive cognitive dysfunction, perpetuated by several positive feedback mechanisms in diabetic subjects, facilitates the development of early-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the numerous clinical manifestations of DE having been described in detail and their pathophysiological substrate having been elucidated in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, an effective therapeutic approach is yet to be proposed. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the growing body of evidence concerning the effect of current antidiabetic treatment options on diabetic and non-DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Xourgia
- Andreas Melidonis 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens 18536, Greece
| | - Athanasia Papazafiropoulou
- Andreas Melidonis 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens 18536, Greece
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Li JJ, Zhang P, Fan B, Guo XL, Zheng ZS. The efficacy of saxagliptin in T2DM patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: preliminary data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:33-37. [PMID: 30758417 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and the possible mechanisms of saxagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A total of 95 T2DM and NAFLD patients were randomly divided into group A (saxagliptin group), group B (glimepiride group), and group C (glimepiride combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine group). RESULTS After intervention treatment for 24 w, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), and quantitative detection of liver steatosis of study subjects were observed, the action of liver steatosis in subjects of groups A and C were significantly different from those of group B; however, there were no differences between groups A and C. The FINS, HOMA-IR, and IL-6 of subjects in group A was lower than those in groups B and C; however, there were no significant differences between the latter two groups. CONCLUSION For T2DM combined with NAFLD patients, the saxagliptin treatment could not only effectively control blood glucose but also attenuate insulin resistance and inflammatory injury of the liver to improve fatty liver further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Li
- Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing Fan
- Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Ultrasonography, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe-Shu Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Shandong Province, China
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Ma J, Wang H, Liu B, Shan Y, Zhou H, Qi X, Wu W, Jia L. Combination of chick embryo and nutrient mixture prevent D-galactose-induced cognitive deficits, immune impairment and oxidative stress in aging rat model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4092. [PMID: 30858562 PMCID: PMC6411858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is spontaneous and inevitable processes that lead to changes in biological systems. The present paper was designed to investigate the anti-aging roles of chick embryo (CE) and nutrient mixture (NM) in aging rats. Aging was induced by administration of D-galactose (D-gal, 500 mg/kg/day for 90 days). CE and NM were administered to aging rats through different dose gavage once a day. Cognitive function assessment was performed using the Morris water maze test. At the end of experiment, serum and tissues were collected for immunity and antioxidation function. The organs and tissues were excised for histological study. The results demonstrated that CE plus NM was superior treatment to improve the histopathologic changes and reverse learning and memory impairment of the aging rats. CE plus NM also increased the spleen and thymus index as well as splenocyte proliferation, and reversed inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, the biochemical index showed that CE plus NM could improve the antioxidant enzyme activity of the aging rats, decrease lipofuscin (LF) and glutamate content. CE plus NM also inhibited the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway stimulated by LPS in splenic B lymphocytes. Overall, these results seem to be implying that CE plus NM was used as potentially natural supplement or functional food for preventing aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ma
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yujia Shan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xia Qi
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenguo Wu
- Dalian Jinfu Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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Rahman SO, Panda BP, Parvez S, Kaundal M, Hussain S, Akhtar M, Najmi AK. Neuroprotective role of astaxanthin in hippocampal insulin resistance induced by Aβ peptides in animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Bello-Chavolla OY, Antonio-Villa NE, Vargas-Vázquez A, Ávila-Funes JA, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Pathophysiological Mechanisms Linking Type 2 Diabetes and Dementia: Review of Evidence from Clinical, Translational and Epidemiological Research. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:456-470. [PMID: 30648514 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190129155654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes represents an increasing health burden world-wide and its prevalence in particularly higher in elderly population. Consistent epidemiological evidence suggests an increased risk of dementia associated to type 2 diabetes; the mechanisms underlying these associations, however, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The study aims to review epidemiological, clinical and pre-clinical data that weigh on pathophysiological links, mechanisms of disease and associations between type 2 diabetes and dementia to identify areas of opportunity for future research. METHODS We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIELO, MEDLINE and OVID for clinical, translational and epidemiological research literature that summarize diabetes-related risk factors for dementia, metabolic and neurological changes associated to T2D, evidence of therapeutic approaches in type 2 diabetes and its pathophysiological implications for dementia. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases risk for all-cause dementia, vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The most evaluated mechanisms linking both disorders in pre-clinical studies include an increase in neuronal insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, pro-inflammatory state, mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular damage which increase deposition of β-amyloid, tau proteins and GSK3β, leading to an earlier onset of dementia in individuals with impairment in the glucose metabolism. Neuroimaging and neuropathology evidence linking cerebrovascular lesions, neurodegeneration and particularly small-vessel disease in the onset of dementia is consistent with the increased risk of incident dementia in type 2 diabetes, but consistent evidence of AD-related pathology is scarce. Epidemiological data shows increased risk of dementia related to hypoglycemic episodes, glycemic control, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and genetic predisposition, but the evidence is not consistent and statistical analysis might be affected by inconsistent covariate controlling. Therapeutic approaches for T2D have shown inconsistent result in relation to dementia prevention and delay of cognitive decline; lifestyle intervention, particularly physical activity, is a promising alternative to ameliorate the impact of disability and frailty on T2D-related dementia. CONCLUSION Vascular disease, inflammation and impaired brain insulin signaling might occur in T2D and contribute to dementia risk. Evidence from epidemiological studies has not consistently reported associations that could integrate a unified mechanism of disease in humans. Evaluation of the effect of antidiabetic medications and non-pharmacological interventions in dementia prevention in type 2 diabetes is promising but has thus far offered inconsistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla
- Metabolic Disease Research Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous, University of Mexico, Mexico, United States
| | - Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa
- Metabolic Disease Research Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous, University of Mexico, Mexico, United States
| | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- Metabolic Disease Research Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous, University of Mexico, Mexico, United States
| | - José Alberto Ávila-Funes
- Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico, United States
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico, United States
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sertoma, 64710 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico, United States
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Albeely AM, Ryan SD, Perreault ML. Pathogenic Feed-Forward Mechanisms in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Converge on GSK-3. Brain Plast 2018; 4:151-167. [PMID: 30598867 PMCID: PMC6311352 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) share many commonalities ranging from signaling deficits such as altered cholinergic activity, neurotrophin and insulin signaling to cell stress cascades that result in proteinopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. These pathological processes are not unidirectional, but are intertwined, resulting in a series of feed-forward loops that worsen symptoms and advance disease progression. At the center of these loops is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a keystone protein involved in many of the multidirectional biological processes that contribute to AD and PD neuropathology. Here, a unified overview of the involvement of GSK-3 in the major processes involved in these diseases will be presented. The mechanisms by which these processes are linked will be discussed and the feed-forward pathways identified. In this regard, this review will put forth the notion that combination therapy, targeting these multiple facets of AD or PD neuropathology is a necessary next step in the search for effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M. Albeely
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Scott D. Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa L. Perreault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Hernandez AR, Hernandez CM, Campos K, Truckenbrod L, Federico Q, Moon B, McQuail JA, Maurer AP, Bizon JL, Burke SN. A Ketogenic Diet Improves Cognition and Has Biochemical Effects in Prefrontal Cortex That Are Dissociable From Hippocampus. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:391. [PMID: 30559660 PMCID: PMC6286979 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline has been linked to a diverse set of neurobiological mechanisms, including bidirectional changes in proteins critical for neuron function. Importantly, these alterations are not uniform across the brain. For example, the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) show distinct patterns of dysfunction in advanced age. Because higher cognitive functions require large–scale interactions across prefrontal cortical and hippocampal networks, selectively targeting an alteration within one region may not broadly restore function to improve cognition. One mechanism for decline that the PFC and HPC share, however, is a reduced ability to utilize glucose for energy metabolism. Although this suggests that therapeutic strategies bypassing the need for neuronal glycolysis may be beneficial for treating cognitive aging, this approach has not been empirically tested. Thus, the current study used a ketogenic diet (KD) as a global metabolic strategy for improving brain function in young and aged rats. After 12 weeks, rats were trained to perform a spatial alternation task through an asymmetrical maze, in which one arm was closed and the other was open. Both young and aged KD-fed rats showed resilience against the anxiogenic open arm, training to alternation criterion performance faster than control animals. Following alternation testing, rats were trained to perform a cognitive dual task that required working memory while simultaneously performing a bi-conditional association task (WM/BAT), which requires PFC–HPC interactions. All KD-fed rats also demonstrated improved performance on WM/BAT. At the completion of behavioral testing, tissue punches were collected from the PFC for biochemical analysis. KD-fed rats had biochemical alterations within PFC that were dissociable from previous results in the HPC. Specifically, MCT1 and MCT4, which transport ketone bodies, were significantly increased in KD-fed rats compared to controls. GLUT1, which transports glucose across the blood brain barrier, was decreased in KD-fed rats. Contrary to previous observations within the HPC, the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1) did not change with age or diet within the PFC. The vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), however, was increased within PFC similar to HPC. These data suggest that KDs could be optimal for enhancing large-scale network function that is critical for higher cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi R Hernandez
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Caesar M Hernandez
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Keila Campos
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leah Truckenbrod
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Quinten Federico
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brianna Moon
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph A McQuail
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew P Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Rahimi VB, Askari VR, Mousavi SH. Ellagic acid reveals promising anti-aging effects against d-galactose-induced aging on human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y: A mechanistic study. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1712-1724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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