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Payaradka R, Sinduvadi Ramesh P, Rajendra VK, Prasad HLK, Patil P, Kumar M, Devegowda D, Shetty V. Association of Epstein-Barr Virus and its clinical relevance in Human Papillomavirus-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma: A cohort study from South India. Arch Oral Biol 2025; 172:106183. [PMID: 39864187 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 12/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study assessed the prevalence and clinical implications of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-positive but Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a tertiary care hospital setting. The overall goal was to elucidate the potential impact of EBV on OSCC disease progression and prognosis. DESIGN A total of 134 surgically resected and histopathologically confirmed OSCC tumor biopsies were collected from a tertiary care hospital. Tumor samples were analyzed for HPV and EBV using conventional and nested PCR. Clinical and demographic data, including age, sex, risk factors, tumor stage, and survival outcomes, were collected and analyzed to assess associations between EBV status and disease characteristics. RESULTS All the tumor samples tested negative for HPV. However, EBV was detected in 74 cases (55.3 %) using nested PCR which was confirmed by sanger sequencing. EBV prevalence was higher in males (62.1 %), and the left buccal mucosa was the most affected site, accounting for 34 % of cases. Although statistically not significant, 63.5 % (n = 47) of the EBV positive subjects had a history of consuming both tobacco and alcohol. Of these 20 subjects showing recurrence, 35 % (n = 7) were EBV positive suggesting poor prognosis for EBV positive OSCC subjects. CONCLUSION This study highlights a significant prevalence of EBV in HPV-negative OSCC cases, suggesting a potential oncogenic role for EBV in OSCC progression, particularly in patients with established lifestyle risk factors. These findings underscore the need for further research into EBV's molecular mechanisms in OSCC and its utility as a biomarker for prognosis and therapeutic targeting. The results advocate for region-specific strategies to better understand and manage EBV-associated OSCC, offering potential pathways to improve outcomes in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesha Payaradka
- Department of Microbiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Pushkal Sinduvadi Ramesh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, United States
| | - Vinay Kumar Rajendra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | | | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Mohana Kumar
- Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine (NUCSReM), KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Devanand Devegowda
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Veena Shetty
- Department of Microbiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India.
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Gürler M, Gōkcan MK, Yüksel S, Karahan ZC. Association between human herpesviruses and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a molecular perspective. Ann Saudi Med 2025; 45:104-111. [PMID: 40189853 PMCID: PMC11973434 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2025.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common malignant tumor. Herpesviruses are a significant risk factor in the multifactorial pathogenesis of HNC. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between herpesviruses and the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HN-SCC). DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING A university hospital in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pathological archive tissue samples of 500 patients were included in the study. These samples were categorized into two groups: those diagnosed with HN-SCC (n=300, malignant group [MG]) and those diagnosed with benign head and neck lesions (n=200, benign group [BG]). The presence of herpesvirus in samples was detected using polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association of herpesviruses in the development of head and neck cancer. SAMPLE SIZE 500 patients. RESULTS HHV-1, -2, -7, and -8 were not detected in any samples. In the malignant group (MG), EBV-DNA was detected in 1 patient (0.3%) and HHV-6 DNA in 2 patients (0.6%), while in the benign group (BG), VZV-DNA was detected in 1 patient (0.5%), EBV-DNA in 3 patients (1.5%), CMV-DNA in 5 patients (2.5%), and HHV-6 DNA in 3 patients (1.5%). While no significant difference was found between the groups for VZV, EBV, and HHV-6, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the benign group for CMV. CONCLUSION Although herpesvirus seroprevalence is relatively high in the population, the lack of viral genome in tissue samples indicates that other factors might be prominent in developing HN-SCC. LIMITATION The storage conditions of the sample used (paraffinized sample) may have negatively affected the detection frequency of HHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Gürler
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kürsat Gōkcan
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seher Yüksel
- From the Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ceren Karahan
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Cho A, Wang S, Hung G, Najarzadegan F, Wong DT, Ton‐That H, Wang C, Kapila YL. Biological biomarkers of oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2024; 96:250-280. [PMID: 38073011 PMCID: PMC11163022 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%-50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior. Thus, more accurate markers predicting oral dysplasia progression to cancer would enable better targeting of these lesions for closer follow-up, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this context, molecular biomarkers derived from genetics, proteins, and metabolites play key roles in clinical oncology. These molecular signatures can help predict the likelihood of OSCC development and/or progression and have the potential to detect the disease at an early stage and, support treatment decision-making and predict treatment responsiveness. Also, identifying reliable biomarkers for OSCC detection that can be obtained non-invasively would enhance management of OSCC. This review will discuss biomarkers for OSCC that have emerged from different biological areas, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, and microbiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alex Cho
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sandy Wang
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Guo‐Chin Hung
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - David T. Wong
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hung Ton‐That
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cun‐Yu Wang
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- School of DentistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Blankson PK, Parkins GE, Blankson HNA, Fasola AO, Pappoe-Ashong PJ, Boamah MO, Asmah RH. Herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses in saliva and biopsies of patients with orofacial tumors. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100477. [PMID: 39217675 PMCID: PMC11402418 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and association of HPV and Herpesviruses in saliva and tissue samples of patients with orofacial tumors. METHODS Biopsies of tumors were done, and saliva samples were collected from patients with orofacial tumors for the determination of viruses using nested multiplex PCR. Independent variables were sex, age, comorbidities, tumor stage, and length of stay. Outcome variables were the presence or absence of herpesviruses and HPV. Descriptive summaries and inferential statistics were done. RESULTS A hundred patients were included in the study. Prevalence of herpesviruses and HPV were 17.6 % and 57.0 % in tumors, and 48.3 % and 60.0 % in the saliva of patients respectively. Herpesviruses detected included EBV (21.3 %), HHV-7 (11.2 %), CMV (6.7 %), HSV-1 (5.1 %), HSV-2 (1.1 %), VZV (1.1 %), and Kaposi sarcoma virus (0.6 %). The most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV-42 (29 %), HPV-43 (22.7 %), HPV-52 (22.2 %), HPV-39 (18.8 %), and HPV-18 (9.1 %). The odds of EBV being detected in malignant orofacial tumors were 2 times that of benign orofacial tumors. HPV DNA in the saliva of patients with orofacial tumors was 69.7 %, compared to 18.2 % of the control sample (p < 0.001). The median length of stay for all participants was 6.5 days, those associated with viruses stayed longer. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of Herpesviruses and HPV in saliva and tumor samples of patients with orofacial tumors, signalling some potential for more work to be done in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paa-Kwesi Blankson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Ghana/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Grace E Parkins
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Ghana/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Harriet Naa Afia Blankson
- School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana; Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Abiodun Olubayo Fasola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Prince J Pappoe-Ashong
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Matthew O Boamah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Ghana/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Harry Asmah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Gaździcka J, Biernacki K, Gołąbek K, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. Global DNA Methylation Level in Tumour and Margin Samples in Relation to Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Oropharyngeal and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Biomedicines 2024; 12:914. [PMID: 38672268 PMCID: PMC11047928 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification in cancers, including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, the analysis of methylation levels appears necessary to improve cancer therapy and prognosis. METHODS The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse global DNA methylation levels in OPSCC and OSCC tumours and the margin samples after DNA isolation. HPV detection was conducted by hybridisation using GenoFlow HPV Array Test Kits (DiagCor Bioscience Inc., Hong Kong, China). EBV detection was performed using real-time PCR with an EBV PCR Kit (EBV/ISEX/100, GeneProof, Brno, Czech Republic). RESULTS OPSCC tumour samples obtained from women showed lower global DNA methylation levels than those from men (1.3% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.049). The margin samples from OPSCC patients with HPV and EBV coinfection showed global DNA methylation lower than those without coinfection (p = 0.042). G3 tumours from OSCC patients had significantly lower levels of global DNA methylation than G2 tumours (0.98% ± 0.74% vs. 3.77% ± 4.97%, p = 0.010). Additionally, tumours from HPV-positive OSCC patients had significantly lower global DNA methylation levels than those from HPV-negative patients (p = 0.013). In the margin samples, we observed a significant negative correlation between global DNA methylation and the N stage of OSCC patients (rS = -0.33, p = 0.039). HPV-positive OPSCC patients had higher global DNA methylation levels than HPV-positive OSCC patients (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION We confirmed that methylation could be changed in relation to viral factors, such as HPV and EBV, as well as clinical and demographical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland (J.K.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Biernacki
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland (J.K.S.)
| | - Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland (J.K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C. Skłodowskiej Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C. Skłodowskiej Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C. Skłodowskiej Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Street, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland (J.K.S.)
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Yu XH, Wu JB, Fan HY, Dai L, Xian HC, Chen BJ, Liao P, Huang MC, Pang X, Zhang M, Liang XH, Tang YL. Artemisinin suppressed tumour growth and induced vascular normalisation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Oral Dis 2024; 30:363-375. [PMID: 36321394 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour vascular normalisation therapy advocates a balance between pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors in tumours. Artemisinin (ART), which is derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth; however, the relationship between ART and tumour vascular normalisation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been previously reported. METHODS Different concentrations(0 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg)of ART were used to treat the xenograft nude mice model of OSCC. The effects of ART on migration and proliferation of OSCC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cells were detected by scratch assay and CCK-8 assay. OSCC cells with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) silenced were constructed to explore the effect of MIF. RESULTS Treatment with ART inhibited the growth and angiogenesis of OSCC xenografts in nude mice and downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-8, and MIF expression levels. ART reduced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVEC, as well as the expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. When the dose of ART was 50 mg/kg, vascular normalisation of OSCC xenografts was induced. Moreover, VEGF and IL-8 were needed in rhMIF restoring tumour growth and inhibit vascular normalisation after the addition of rhMIF to ART-treated cells. CONCLUSION Artemisinin might induce vascular normalisation and inhibit tumour growth in OSCC through the MIF-signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hua-Yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Chun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Bing-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Chang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
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Jain P, Kumar N, Shetty SC, Kalladka SS, Ramesh PS, Patil P, Kumar M, Rajendra VK, Devegowda D, Shetty V. Prevalence of Epstein Barr Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Among Human Papillomavirus Negative Oral Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from South India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:414-421. [PMID: 38440516 PMCID: PMC10908691 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of oral carcinomas is due to its multifactorial etiology and the presence of various risk factors. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has a proven role in the pathogenesis of oral carcinomas, but in the recent times there has been an increasing incidence of oral cancers who are negative for HPV infection. Also, these patients are non-smokers and non-drinkers so it could be speculated that these oral cancers are due to some other etiological factor probably of other viral infections. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) among oral cancer patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2020. Biopsy samples from 47 newly diagnosed untreated patients with oral malignancies were collected along with their demographic and clinicopathological information. DNA extracted from the biopsies was processed for nested PCR for the detection of EBV and HSV. All the samples tested negative for HPV and HSV infection. Nested PCR detected 29 cases (70.7%) to be positive for EBV. The non-cancerous adjacent tissues also were negative for HPV, EBV and HSV. The prevalence of EBV was found to be more in males (62.1%) and the highest number of cases was of the left buccal mucosa compromising 34% of the total cases. From the present study it can be concluded that EBV but not HSV infection is associated with an increased risk of developing oral cancers. Although, 70.7% of the patients were found to be positive for EBV whether the viral infection played any role in the driving the malignancy needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Jain
- Department of General Surgery, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Nawin Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
- Department of Surgery, Manipal TATA Medical College, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Shriya C. Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Shwetha Shetty Kalladka
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Pushkal Sinduvadi Ramesh
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine (DST-FIST Sponsored centre), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015 India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 United States
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Mohana Kumar
- Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine (NUCSReM), KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Rajendra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Devanand Devegowda
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine (DST-FIST Sponsored centre), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Veena Shetty
- Department of Microbiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
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Vorakulpipat P, Kitkumthorn N, Lapthanasupkul P, Rungraungrayabkul D, Klongnoi B, Khovidhunkit SOP. Distribution of Epstein-Barr virus in the oral cavity of Thais with various oral mucosal conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24222. [PMID: 38293426 PMCID: PMC10826676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to examine the presence of EBV, EBV strains, and variants among 3 oral conditions including normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral potentially malignant disorders/oral cancer (OPMDs/OC) and non-OPMDs/OC in a group of Thais. Material and methods Oral exfoliated cells were obtained from 315 participants living in the northeastern and central regions of Thailand. The participants were divided into 3 groups encompassing the NOM, the OPMDs/OC and the non-OPMDs/OC groups. The presence of EBV was first determined by PCR using primers for LMP1 gene. Subsequently, EBV strains of EBNA3c and variants based on LMP1 sequences were determined by real-time PCR. Results The prevalence of EBV in OPMDs/OC, non-OPMDs/OC and NOM were 72.0 %, 56.2 %, and 27.2 % respectively. EBV type A, B and AB were found in 52.1 %, 32.1 % and 15.8 % of all positive samples, respectively. The percentage of participants with EBV type A was more prominent in the NOM group (72.0 %) compared to the non-OPMDs/OC (54.8 %) and the OPMDs/OC group (41.8 %) whereas EBV type B was higher in the OPMDs/OC group (35.8 %) compared to the non-OPMDs/OC (31.5 %) and the NOM (24.0 %) groups. Regarding EBV variants, 30-bp deletion LMP1 variant (del-LMP1) which is more associated with malignant transformation was predominately found in the OPMDs/OC (32.8 %) and the non-OPMDs/OC (38.4 %) groups compared to the NOM group (20.0 %). Conclusions High frequency of EBV was demonstrated in the OPMDs/OC group. EBV type A was more predominant in the NOM group whereas EBV type B was more prevalent in the OPMDs/OC group. The del-LMP1 variant was more common in the OPMDs/OC and the non-OPMDs/OC groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasinee Vorakulpipat
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puangwan Lapthanasupkul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Boworn Klongnoi
- Development of Disease Management Model for Oral Cancer with an Integration Network of Screening, Surveillance, and Treatment from Primary Care Unit to Tertiary Care in North East Health District Project, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Development of Disease Management Model for Oral Cancer with an Integration Network of Screening, Surveillance, and Treatment from Primary Care Unit to Tertiary Care in North East Health District Project, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kazemi F, Moradi-Sardareh H, Arjmand R, Tavalla M, Amari A, Cheraghian B. Toxocara Canis Increases the Potential of Breast Cancer by Reducing the Expression of the P53 Protein. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:335-343. [PMID: 36959144 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is considered the most frequent type of cancer in women with high mortality worldwide, and most importantly, it is the second most common cancer. However, some breast cancer-related risk factors remain unknown. So, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of Toxocara canis on the biomarkers correlated with proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice infected with Toxocara canis for the first time. METHODS Mice were categorized into four groups: A) control, B) treated with 4T1+ Toxocara canis, C) treated with Toxocara canis, and D) treated with 4T1. The expression of Ki-67 and P53 was then evaluated by using the immunohistochemical technique. In addition, the levels of transforming growth factor-β, Interferon gamma-γ, Interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor as well as anti- Toxocara canis IgG were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS The expression of Ki-67 was significantly increased in the 4T1+ Toxocara canis group than control and Toxocara canis groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant decrease in P53 was found in the 4T1+ Toxocara canis group than in the control and Toxocara canis groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Also, the 4T1+ Toxocara canis group significantly reduced the expression of P53 more than 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (P = 0.005). In addition, the 4T1+ Toxocara canis group had an increasing tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor than controls (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, a significant reduction in Interleukin 10 was found in the 4T1+ Toxocara canis group than in the control group (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that Toxocara canis could probably increase the potential of breast cancer by reducing P53 in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice infected with Toxocara canis more than other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hemen Moradi-Sardareh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
- Biomad Company, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reza Arjmand
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tavalla
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Amari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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10
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Mishra MK, Gupta S, Shivangi, Sharma M, Sehgal S. The repertoire of mutational signatures in tobacco- and non-tobacco-induced oral cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3332-3344. [PMID: 37058208 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of tobacco products is one of the established contributors toward the development and spread of oral cancer. Additionally, recent research has indicated oral microbiome, infections with Human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Candida as significant contributing factors to this disease along with lifestyle habits. Deregulation of cellular pathways envisaging metabolism, transcription, translation, and epigenetics caused by these risk factors either individually or in unison is manifold, resulting in the increased risk of oral cancer. Globally, this cancer continues to exist as one of the major causes of cancer-related mortalities; the numbers in the developing South Asian countries clearly indicate yearly escalation. This review encompasses the variety of genetic modifications, including adduct formation, mutation (duplication, deletion, and translocation), and epigenetic changes evident in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition, it highlights the interference caused by tobacco products in Wnt signaling, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK-STAT, and other important pathways. The information provided also ensures a comprehensive and critical revisit to non-tobacco-induced OSCC. Extensive literature survey and analysis has been conducted to generate the chromosome maps specifically highlighting OSCC-related mutations with the potential to act as spectacles for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of this disease cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, ASCOMS, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Shivangi
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Manshi Sharma
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Shelly Sehgal
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
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11
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Di Spirito F, Di Palo MP, Folliero V, Cannatà D, Franci G, Martina S, Amato M. Oral Bacteria, Virus and Fungi in Saliva and Tissue Samples from Adult Subjects with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Umbrella Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5540. [PMID: 38067244 PMCID: PMC10705713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cavity malignancy associated with multiple risk factors. In the last 14 years, oral dysbiosis has attracted the scientific community's attention as a potential oncogenic factor, in parallel with the development of omics technologies that have revolutionized microbiological research. The present umbrella review aimed to investigate the oral microbiological content (bacilli, viruses, and fungi) of tissue and saliva samples from adult (>18 years) patients with OSCC. The secondary objective was to compare the oral microbiome of OSCC subjects with non-OSCC subjects. The study protocol was under the PRISMA statement and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023448153). Data from 32 systematic reviews were extracted, qualitatively summarized, and analyzed using AMSTAR-2. An increase in oral bacteria of the phylum Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were observed in OSCC patients. The increased bacterial genera were periodontopathogens. The most common viruses were EBV and HPV, especially the high-risk genotypes. Candida was the most studied oral fungus and was always increased in OSCC subjects. Further studies should investigate the possible carcinogenic mechanisms of oral microorganisms found increased in tissue samples and saliva from adult subjects with OSCC.
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12
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Tran Q, Maddineni S, Arnaud EH, Divi V, Megwalu UC, Topf MC, Sunwoo JB. Oral cavity cancer in young, non-smoking, and non-drinking patients: A contemporary review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 190:104112. [PMID: 37633348 PMCID: PMC10530437 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in non-smoking and non-drinking (NSND) individuals appears to be distinct from the traditional head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The incidence of this subset is increasing, as are the number of studies examining its characteristics. NSND OSCC individuals tend to be younger (<45 years) compared to traditional HNSCC patients. The proportion of females in the NSND OSCC cohort is also higher. The tongue is the predominantly affected subsite. Studies have revealed several gene mutations and unique epigenomic profiles but no definitive genetic etiology. Transcriptomic analysis has not found any causative viral agents. Other proposed etiologies include chronic dental trauma, microbiome abnormalities, marijuana consumption, and genetic disorders. There are international efforts to determine the relative prognostic outcome of this unique cohort, but no consensus has been reached. Here, we review the incidence, demographics, subsite, possible etiologies, prognosis, and therapy implications of the NSND OSCC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tran
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sainiteesh Maddineni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Hunter Arnaud
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vasu Divi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Uchechukwu C Megwalu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Topf
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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13
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Heawchaiyaphum C, Yoshiyama H, Iizasa H, Burassakarn A, Tumurgan Z, Ekalaksananan T, Pientong C. Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stemness through the Warburg Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14072. [PMID: 37762374 PMCID: PMC10531857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with various human malignancies. An association between EBV infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has recently been reported. We established EBV-positive OSCC cells and demonstrated that EBV infection promoted OSCC progression. However, the mechanisms by which EBV promotes OSCC progression remain poorly understood. Therefore, we performed metabolic analyses of EBV-positive OSCC cells and established a xenograft model to investigate the viral contribution to OSCC progression. Here, we demonstrated that EBV infection induced mitochondrial stress by reducing the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies. Microarray data from EBV-positive OSCC cells showed altered expression of glycolysis-related genes, particularly the upregulation of key genes involved in the Warburg effect, including LDHA, GLUT1, and PDK1. Furthermore, lactate production and LDH activity were elevated in EBV-positive OSCC cells. EBV infection significantly upregulated the expression levels of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers such as CD44 and CD133 in the xenograft model. In this model, tumor growth was significantly increased in EBV-positive SCC25 cells compared with that in uninfected cells. Furthermore, tumorigenicity increased after serial passages of EBV-positive SCC25 tumors. This study revealed the oncogenic role of EBV in OSCC progression by inducing the Warburg effect and cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (A.B.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (A.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (A.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Ati Burassakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (A.B.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Zolzaya Tumurgan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (A.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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14
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Javadirad E, Yekta AM, Lorestani RC, Azimivaghar J. A Survey of Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus Immunohistochemical Status in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:325-330. [PMID: 36303016 PMCID: PMC10293141 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers are among the most prevalent cancers in the body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of P16 and Epstein-Barr virus/latent membrane protein (EBV/LMP1) markers by immunohistochemistry in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. METHODS In this study, all tissue samples of head and neck biopsies from 75 patients with confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) during 2016 to 2018 who admitted to the pathology laboratory of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iran were selected. Paraffin blocks which prepared from these tissue samples were obtained. The slides were prepared from all samples for routine Hematoxylin-Eosin and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the expression of EBV/LMP1 and P16 markers in cancer cells. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 63 years and most patients (85.3%) were male in 75 patients with HNSCC. There was a significant relationship between EBV/LMP1 biomarker expression and vascular invasion in patients (p < 0.05). There was no relationship between EBV/LMP1 biomarker expression and age, sex ,anatomical site of tumor and tumor differentiation of patients (p > 0.05). There was no relationship between P16 biomarker expression and age, sex, tumor differentiation, anatomical site of tumor and vascular invasion of patients (p > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between P16 biomarker and EBV/LMP1 biomarker staining (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The level of P16 positive biomarker was high in patients with HNSCC. However, the EBV/LMP1 positive biomarker was moderate in patients. There was a relationship between EBV/LMP1 biomarker expression and vascular invasion in HNSCC patients, as well as between P16 biomarker and EBV/LMP1 biomarker staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etrat Javadirad
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi and Imam Reza Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Mousavi Yekta
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roya Chegene Lorestani
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Azimivaghar
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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15
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Sajid M, Sharma P, Srivastava S, Hariprasad R, Singh H, Bharadwaj M. Alteration of oral bacteriome of smokeless tobacco users and their association with oral cancer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12534-z. [PMID: 37154908 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is certainly one of the major risk factors associated with oral cancer. Disruption of oral microbiota-host homeostasis contributes to the progression of oral cancer. Here, we profiled SLT users' oral bacterial composition and inferred their functions by sequencing 16S rDNA V3-V4 region and PICRUSt2, respectively. Oral bacteriome of SLT users (with or without oral premalignant lesions), SLT with alcohol co-users, and non-SLT consumers were compared. Oral bacteriome is shaped primarily by SLT use and the incidence of oral premalignant lesions (OPL). A significantly increased bacterial α-diversity was monitored in SLT users with OPL compared to in SLT users without OPL and non-users, whereas β-diversity was significantly explained by OPL status. Overrepresented genera were Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Capnocytophaga, and Leptotrichia in SLT users having OPL. LEfSe analysis identified 16 genera as a biomarker that were differentially abundant in SLT users having OPL. The functional prediction of genes significantly increased for several metabolic pathways, more importantly, were nitrogen metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, and biosynthesis/biodegradation of secondary metabolites in SLT users having OPL. Furthermore, HPV-16 and EBV, but not HPV-18, were considerably connected with the SLT users having OPL. Overall, this study provides evidence that SLT utilization and OPL development are associated with oral bacteriome dysbiosis indicating the enrichment of bacterial species known for their contribution to oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, delineating the cancer-inducing bacterial population in SLT users will facilitate the future development of microbiome-targeted therapies. KEY POINTS: • SLT consumption significantly elevates oral bacterial diversity. • Prevalent significant genera are Prevotella, Veillonella, and Haemophilus in SLT users with OPL. • SLT promotes the occurrence of the cancer-inducing bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajid
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Roopa Hariprasad
- Division of Clinical Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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Ward BJH, Schaal DL, Nkadi EH, Scott RS. EBV Association with Lymphomas and Carcinomas in the Oral Compartment. Viruses 2022; 14:2700. [PMID: 36560704 PMCID: PMC9783324 DOI: 10.3390/v14122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic human herpesvirus infecting approximately 90% of the world's population. The oral cavity serves a central role in the life cycle, transmission, and pathogenesis of EBV. Transmitted to a new host via saliva, EBV circulates between cellular compartments within oral lymphoid tissues. Epithelial cells primarily support productive viral replication, while B lymphocytes support viral latency and reactivation. EBV infections are typically asymptomatic and benign; however, the latent virus is associated with multiple lymphomas and carcinomas arising in the oral cavity. EBV association with cancer is complex as histologically similar cancers often test negative for the virus. However, the presence of EBV is associated with distinct features in certain cancers. The intrinsic ability of EBV to immortalize B-lymphocytes, via manipulation of survival and growth signaling, further implicates the virus as an oncogenic cofactor. A distinct mutational profile and burden have been observed in EBV-positive compared to EBV-negative tumors, suggesting that viral infection can drive alternative pathways that converge on oncogenesis. Taken together, EBV is also an important prognostic biomarker that can direct alternative therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the prevalence of EBV in oral malignancies and the EBV-dependent mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rona S. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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Xin Y, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Qiu J. Construction of prognostic signature of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma based on pyroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs. Front Surg 2022; 9:935765. [PMID: 36211292 PMCID: PMC9533653 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.935765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectiveOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year. Changes in key genes are thought to be closely related to the occurrence and development of OSCC. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that has been implicated in malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Changes in the expression of long noncoding RNAs may also affect tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, our main objective was to evaluate the association between pyroptosis-related lncRNAs and prognosis in patients with OSCC.MethodsThe RNA-seq data and clinicopathological data of OSCC patients are from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The pyroptosis gene set is obtained from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis database. Univariate COX, Lasso and multivariate COX regression analyses were used for the construction of risk prognostic models of OSCC, eight lncRNAs were incorporated into prognostic models. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to evaluate the differences of overall survival between patients in high-risk and low-risk groups. The reliability of predictions across the dataset was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The immune signature score was calculated using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis.ResultsEight pyroptosis-related lncRNAs were used to construct prognostic signature of OSCC, including AC136475.2, AC024075.2, JPX, ZFAS1, TNFRSF10A-AS1, LINC00847, AC099850.3 and IER3-AS1. According to this prognostic signature, patients with OSCC were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than the low-risk group. ROC area for risk score was 0.716, and ROC area of the 8 lncRNAs are all between 0.5 and 1, implied that these lncRNAs had high accuracy in predicting the prognosis of OSCC patients. Immune Infiltration findings suggested that these lncRNAs affected immune responses in the microenvironment of OSCC.ConclusionThe prognostic signature based on pyroptosis-related lncRNAs potentially serves as an independent prognostic indicator for OSCC patients. And this signature facilitates research on targeted diagnosis and treatment of patients diagnosed with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Xin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jieyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingkun Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Correspondence: Jiaxuan Qiu
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18
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PCR Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, in Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and in Healthy Individuals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8506242. [PMID: 35993047 PMCID: PMC9381848 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8506242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus worldwide that is an etiologic agent in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Recent reports have shown the association of EBV with tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, EBV has been reported to be present in tonsillar tissues, which suggests a close relationship between viral infections and tonsillar diseases, including chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of EBV DNA in 86 patients with HNSCC, in 70 patients with chronic tonsillitis, and in 144 healthy individuals (control group) and the associations between EBV infection and clinicopathological and demographic characteristics and the use of stimulants in all study groups. The objective of this study was also to analyze the prevalence of coinfection with human papillomavirus (HPV). After prior DNA isolation, EBV detection was performed using an EBV kit by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of EBV infection in patients with HNSCC, patients with chronic tonsillitis, and the control group was 47.7%, 60%, and 24.3%, respectively. Compared to controls, a significantly higher prevalence of EBV in patients with chronic tonsillitis and HNSCC may suggest that EBV is a potential risk factor. No association was found between EBV infection and demographic or clinical data. Further studies are warranted due to inconclusive reports that were mainly related to geographic distribution, sample type, and detection technique. Considering the prevalence of the virus and the risk of serious diseases, attention should be paid to screening diagnosis and prevention of the infection.
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Khalesi S, Maleki L, Ghapani F. Evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:58. [PMID: 36159061 PMCID: PMC9490253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been related to throat-esophageal and gastric cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of EBV in OSCC. Materials and Methods This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 48 samples recorded in the archives of the Oral Pathology Department of Isfahan Dental School with definitive diagnosis of OSCCs prepared by excisional biopsy. Samples were selected in different age groups, locations, and genders. The grade of the tumor malignancy was determined based on Annreroth's classification. The EBV expression was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The data were entered into SPSS software and statistically analyzed by t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test. Significance level was considered P < 0.05. Results IHC staining for EBV was positive in 25 samples (52%). There was no significant relationship between EBV expression and mean age, gender, clinical feature, and grade of tumor differentiation (P > 0.05). A significant difference was observed between the EBV expression and location (P = 0.035). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the grade of tumor and staining intensity distribution index of EBV (P = 0.005). Conclusion EBV expression was observed in most of the OSCCs, especially in poorly differentiated tumors. The pathogenesis of OSCCs may be related with EBV. OSCCs in buccal mucosa and floor of the mouth have more frequently of EBV expression. Future studies on the mechanisms of EBV and their role in OSCC are required with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Khalesi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Maleki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Laleh Maleki, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Farzad Ghapani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Students' Research Committee, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Role of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papilloma Virus in the Development of Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Literature Review. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:3191569. [PMID: 35769943 PMCID: PMC9236829 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3191569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe the association and related mechanisms between HPV, EBV, and the development of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. A search for scientific evidence was carried out in electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO). It was found that, among the carcinogenic mechanisms of HPV, E6 and E7 proteins are responsible for the malignization process, inhibiting tumor suppressors p53 and pRb. As to EBV, it was noted that its “hit and run” phenomenon manipulates the host epigenetic mechanism, triggering the tumor process without the virus being currently present; a “cellular reprogramming” is essentially generated, causing heritable changes in gene expression without DNA mutation. In conclusion, there is an association between oropharyngeal carcinogenesis and HPV and also between the former and EBV. Further studies are required to clarify the causal mechanisms and impact of both viruses on cancer development and to obtain biomarkers of greater specificity in the case of EBV.
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21
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Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang L. Role of the microbiome in oral cancer occurrence, progression and therapy. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105638. [PMID: 35718272 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity, like other digestive or mucosal sites, contains a site-specific microbiome that plays a significant role in maintaining health and homeostasis. Strictly speaking, the gastrointestinal tract starts from the oral cavity, with special attention paid to the specific flora of the oral cavity. In healthy people, the microbiome of the oral microenvironment is governed by beneficial bacteria, that benefit the host by symbiosis. When a microecological imbalance occurs, changes in immune and metabolic signals affect the characteristics of cancer, as well as chronic inflammation, disruption of the epithelial barrier, changes in cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, genomic instability, angiogenesis, and epithelial barrier destruction and metabolic regulation. These pathophysiological changes could result in oral cancer. Rising evidence suggests that oral dysbacteriosis and particular microbes may play a positive role in the evolution, development, progression, and metastasis of oral cancer, for instance, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through direct or indirect action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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22
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Rahman R, Gopinath D, Buajeeb W, Poomsawat S, Johnson NW. Potential Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Scoping Review. Viruses 2022; 14:801. [PMID: 35458531 PMCID: PMC9032208 DOI: 10.3390/v14040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the oral cavity is anatomically proximate to the nasal cavity and acts as a key reservoir of EBV habitation and transmission, it is still unclear whether EBV plays a significant role in oral carcinogenesis. Many studies have detected EBV DNA in tissues and exfoliated cells from OSCC patients. However, very few studies have investigated the expression of functional EBV proteins implicated in its oncogenicity. The most studied are latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1), a protein associated with the activation of signalling pathways; EBV determined nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1, a protein involved in the regulation of gene expression; and EBV-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNA (EBER)-2. LMP-1 is considered the major oncoprotein, and overexpression of LMP-1 observed in OSCC indicates that this molecule might play a significant role in oral carcinogenesis. Although numerous studies have detected EBV DNA and proteins from OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders, heterogeneity in methodologies has led to discrepant results, hindering interpretation. Elucidating the exact functions of EBV and its proteins when expressed is vital in establishing the role of viruses in oral oncogenesis. This review summarises the current evidence on the potential role of EBV in oral oncogenesis and discusses the implications as well as recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Rahman
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (R.R.); (N.W.J.)
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Waranun Buajeeb
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sopee Poomsawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Newell W. Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (R.R.); (N.W.J.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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23
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Schindele A, Holm A, Nylander K, Allard A, Olofsson K. Mapping human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and p16 in laryngeal cancer. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35312853 PMCID: PMC8938541 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Apart from tobacco and alcohol, viral infections are proposed as risk factors for laryngeal cancer. The occurrence of oncogenic viruses including human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) varies in the world. Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process, and the role of viruses in LSCC progression has not been clarified. We aimed to analyze the presence and co-expression of HPV, EBV, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in LSCC. We also investigated if p16 can act as surrogate marker for HPV in LSCC. METHODS Combined PCR/microarrays (PapilloCheck®) were used for detection and genotyping of HPV DNA, real-time PCR for EBV, HCMV and HAdV DNA detection, and EBER in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) for EBV detection in tissue from 78 LSCC patients. Additionally, we analyzed p16 expression with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Thirty-three percent (26/78) of LSCC tumor samples were EBV positive, 9% (7/78) HCMV positive and 4% (3/78) HAdV positive. Due to DNA fragmentation, 45 samples could not be analyzed with PapilloCheck®; 9% of the remaining (3/33) were high-risk HPV16 positive and also over-expressed p16. A total of 14% (11/78) of the samples over-expressed p16. CONCLUSION These findings present a mapping of HPV, EBV, HCMV and HAdV, including the HPV surrogate marker p16, in LSCC in this cohort. Except for EBV, which was detected in a third of the samples, data show viral infection to be uncommon, and that p16 does not appear to be a specific surrogate marker for high-risk HPV infection in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindele
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, ÖNH-Kliniken Östersunds Sjukhus, Umeå University, 831 83, Östersund, Sweden.
| | - Anna Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, ÖNH-Kliniken Östersunds Sjukhus, Umeå University, 831 83, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Karin Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Allard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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24
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Diez-Fraile A, De Ceulaer J, Derpoorter C, Spaas C, De Backer T, Lamoral P, Abeloos J, Lammens T. Tracking the Molecular Fingerprint of Head and Neck Cancer for Recurrence Detection in Liquid Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052403. [PMID: 35269544 PMCID: PMC8910330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year relative survival for patients with head and neck cancer, the seventh most common form of cancer worldwide, was reported as 67% in developed countries in the second decade of the new millennium. Although surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined treatment often elicits an initial satisfactory response, relapses are frequently observed within two years. Current surveillance methods, including clinical exams and imaging evaluations, have not unambiguously demonstrated a survival benefit, most probably due to a lack of sensitivity in detecting very early recurrence. Recently, liquid biopsy monitoring of the molecular fingerprint of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has been proposed and investigated as a strategy for longitudinal patient care. These innovative methods offer rapid, safe, and highly informative genetic analysis that can identify small tumors not yet visible by advanced imaging techniques, thus potentially shortening the time to treatment and improving survival outcomes. In this review, we provide insights into the available evidence that the molecular tumor fingerprint can be used in the surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Challenges to overcome, prior to clinical implementation, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Diez-Fraile
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende A.V., 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (A.D.-F.); (J.D.C.); (C.S.); (T.D.B.); (P.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Joke De Ceulaer
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende A.V., 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (A.D.-F.); (J.D.C.); (C.S.); (T.D.B.); (P.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Charlotte Derpoorter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (C.R.I.G.), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Spaas
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende A.V., 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (A.D.-F.); (J.D.C.); (C.S.); (T.D.B.); (P.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Tom De Backer
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende A.V., 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (A.D.-F.); (J.D.C.); (C.S.); (T.D.B.); (P.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Philippe Lamoral
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende A.V., 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (A.D.-F.); (J.D.C.); (C.S.); (T.D.B.); (P.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Johan Abeloos
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende A.V., 8000 Bruges, Belgium; (A.D.-F.); (J.D.C.); (C.S.); (T.D.B.); (P.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (C.R.I.G.), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-2480
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25
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Maleki L, Khalesi S, Ghapani F. Evaluation of Epstein–Barr virus expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.351347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Heawchaiyaphum C, Pientong C, Yoshiyama H, Iizasa H, Panthong W, Ekalaksananan T. General Features and Novel Gene Signatures That Identify Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Epithelial Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010031. [PMID: 35008199 PMCID: PMC8750470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with various types of human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to identify gene signatures and common signaling pathways that can be used to predict the prognosis of EBV-associated epithelial cancers (EBVaCAs) by performing an integrated bioinformatics analysis of cell lines and tumor tissues. We identified 12 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the EBVaCA cell lines. Among them, only four DEGs, including BAMBI, SLC26A9, SGPP2, and TMC8, were significantly upregulated. However, SLC26A9 and TMC8, but not BAMBI and SGPP2, were significantly upregulated in EBV-positive tumor tissues compared to EBV-negative tumor tissues. Next, we identified IL6/JAK/STAT3 and TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathways as common hallmarks of EBVaCAs. The expression of key genes related to the two hallmarks was upregulated in both EBV-infected cell lines and EBV-positive tumor tissues. These results suggest that SLC26A9 and TMC8 might be gene signatures that can effectively predict the prognosis of EBVaCAs and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of EBV-driven epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (C.P.); (W.P.)
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis (HEC) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (C.P.); (W.P.)
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis (HEC) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (H.I.)
| | - Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.Y.); (H.I.)
| | - Watcharapong Panthong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (C.P.); (W.P.)
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis (HEC) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (C.P.); (W.P.)
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis (HEC) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-4336-3808; Fax:+66-4334-8385
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27
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Gopalakrishnan Mahalingam KK, Sankar LS, Masthan K, Mahalakshmi K, Naveen Kumar V. Epstein- Barr viral load in exfoliated cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders - A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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28
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Blanco R, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Corvalán AH, Aguayo F. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection: A Potential Role in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121232. [PMID: 34943147 PMCID: PMC8698839 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary A subset of carcinomas that arise in the head and neck region show a viral etiology. In fact, a subgroup of oropharyngeal cancers are caused by some types of human papillomavirus (HPV), so-called high-risk (HR)-HPVs, whereas undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas are etiologically related to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). However, studies have reported the presence of both HR-HPV and EBV in some types of head and neck cancers. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution and role of HR-HPV/EBV coinfection in head and neck carcinogenesis, as well as the mechanisms that are potentially involved. In addition, HR-HPV/EBV interaction models are proposed. Abstract High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are recognized oncogenic viruses involved in the development of a subset of head and neck cancers (HNCs). HR-HPVs are etiologically associated with a subset of oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs), whereas EBV is a recognized etiological agent of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs). In this review, we address epidemiological and mechanistic evidence regarding a potential cooperation between HR-HPV and EBV for HNC development. Considering that: (1) both HR-HPV and EBV infections require cofactors for carcinogenesis; and (2) both oropharyngeal and oral epithelium can be directly exposed to carcinogens, such as alcohol or tobacco smoke, we hypothesize possible interaction mechanisms. The epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that HR-HPV/EBV cooperation for developing a subset of HNCs is plausible and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rancés Blanco
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (R.B.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (R.B.); (D.C.-B.)
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
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29
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Jácome-Santos H, da Silva E Silva N, Resende RG, Costa Pinheiro HH, Almeida Machado LF, de Souza Silva G, de Oliveira Costa F, Brasil-Costa I, Amoras-Alves ACB, Mesquita RA, de Melo Alves-Junior S. Simultaneous occurrence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in periodontal pockets and in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2807-2815. [PMID: 34783915 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to verify the concordance of EBV-DNA frequency in subgingival sites and in the OSCC. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 30 OSCC patients, aged from 44 to 88 years old, was conducted. Samples were collected in subgingival sites and at the OSCC, then submitted to DNA isolation, qPCR, and genotyping. Descriptive statistic was performed to report the frequency of EBV-DNA in all samples, and McNemar test was applied to verify the concordance among the EBV-DNA frequency in both sites. RESULTS The individuals presented 62 years old in average, and the majority were male (66.6%). EBV-DNA was detected in 56.7% OSCC lesions. Among the subgroup of 19 dentate individuals, high concordance (73.7%) in both EBV-DNA detection and the absence in subgingival sites and OSCC was observed, and it was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We report the notable occurrence of EBV-DNA in OSCC; also, the presence of EBV in periodontal sites may contribute to find it in OSCC, although the possible contribution of EBV in the OSCC remains to be investigated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The identification of this easily accessible site of EBV latent infection may help to improve the patient's quality of life by maintenance of oral/periodontal health condition and preventing further possible disorders related to the virus, and also encourages new approaches for investigating EBV, periodontitis, and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Jácome-Santos
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunohistochemistry (LAPI), School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Naira da Silva E Silva
- Department of Virology, Laboratory of Epstein-Barr Virus, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Resende
- Department of Stomatology & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Metropolitano Odilon Behrens (HMOB), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helder Henrique Costa Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunohistochemistry (LAPI), School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme de Souza Silva
- Hospital das Clínicas (HC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Oliveira Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor Brasil-Costa
- Laboratory of Virology, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Braga Amoras-Alves
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunohistochemistry (LAPI), School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Melo Alves-Junior
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunohistochemistry (LAPI), School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
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30
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Oleynikova NA, Danilova NV, Grimuta MO, Malkov PG. Epstein-Barr Virus in the Development of Colorectal Cancer (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:82-91. [PMID: 34603767 PMCID: PMC8482827 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.4.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the influence of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) on the development of colorectal cancer is of current interest, particularly in light of the active discussion of the participation of this virus in the carcinogenesis of stomach cancer. In this review, aimed at a fundamental understanding of the processes associated with the impact of EBV on the human body, attention is paid to the issues of the life cycle of the virus, its phases (latent and lytic), as well as proteins that may be detected in each of the phases. The papers reporting on the role of EBV in the development of colorectal cancer have been analyzed. A summary table indicating the population under study, the number of samples, the method, and the result obtained is provided. Given that the primary cells affected by EBV are lymphocytes, it is logical to assume the involvement of this virus in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. The review cites studies which confirm the presence of virus DNA in tissues in the inflammatory diseases of the colon, including microscopic and ulcerative colitis. To confirm the direct impact of EBV on the development of colorectal cancer, large studies with applying various methods for detecting the virus and the mandatory description of its localization are required. Besides, it is necessary to correlate these data with the clinical and morphological characteristics of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Oleynikova
- Researcher, Department of Clinical Pathology; Medical Scientific and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10 Lomonosov Prospect, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - N V Danilova
- Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical Pathology; Medical Scientific and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10 Lomonosov Prospect, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - M O Grimuta
- Student; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - P G Malkov
- Head of the Department of Clinical Pathology; Medical Scientific and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27/10 Lomonosov Prospect, Moscow, 119192, Russia
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31
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Vyhnalova T, Danek Z, Gachova D, Linhartova PB. The Role of the Oral Microbiota in the Etiopathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081549. [PMID: 34442627 PMCID: PMC8400438 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis in the oral environment may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the association of oral microbiota with OSCC and to describe possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms involved in processes of OSCC development and progression. Association studies included in this review were designed as case–control/case studies, analyzing the bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome from saliva, oral rinses, oral mucosal swabs, or oral mucosal tissue samples (deep and superficial) and comparing the results in healthy individuals to those with OSCC and/or with premalignant lesions. Changes in relative abundances of specific bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sp.) and fungi (especially Candida sp.) were associated with OSCC. Viruses can also play a role; while the results of studies investigating the role of human papillomavirus in OSCC development are controversial, Epstein–Barr virus was positively correlated with OSCC. The oral microbiota has been linked to tumorigenesis through a variety of mechanisms, including the stimulation of cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, inhibition of cell apoptosis, induction of chronic inflammation, or production of oncometabolites. We also advocate for the necessity of performing a complex analysis of the microbiome in further studies and of standardizing the sampling procedures by establishing guidelines to support future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vyhnalova
- Environmental Genomics Research Group, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (D.G.); (P.B.L.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Danek
- Environmental Genomics Research Group, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (D.G.); (P.B.L.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-777-550-596
| | - Daniela Gachova
- Environmental Genomics Research Group, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (D.G.); (P.B.L.)
| | - Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Environmental Genomics Research Group, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (D.G.); (P.B.L.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Mahmutović L, Bilajac E, Hromić-Jahjefendić A. Meet the Insidious Players: Review of Viral Infections in Head and Neck Cancer Etiology with an Update on Clinical Trials. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1001. [PMID: 34066342 PMCID: PMC8148100 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNC) occur in the upper aerodigestive tract and are among the most common cancers. The etiology of HNC is complex, involving many factors, including excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption; over the last two decades, oncogenic viruses have also been recognized as an important cause of HNC. Major etiological agents of nasopharynx carcinoma and oropharyngeal carcinoma include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs), both of which are able to interfere with cell cycle control. Additionally, the association of hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection was observed in oral cavity, oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Overall prognoses depend on anatomic site, stage, and viral status. Current treatment options, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapies, are distributed in order to improve overall patient prognosis and survival rates. However, the interplay between viral genome sequences and the health, disease, geography, and ethnicity of the host are crucial for understanding the role of viruses and for development of potential personalized treatment and prevention strategies. This review provides the most comprehensive analysis to date of a vast field, including HNC risk factors, as well as viral mechanisms of infection and their role in HNC development. Additionally, currently available treatment options investigated through clinical practice are emphasized in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (L.M.); (E.B.)
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Radaic A, Kapila YL. The oralome and its dysbiosis: New insights into oral microbiome-host interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1335-1360. [PMID: 33777334 PMCID: PMC7960681 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oralome is the summary of the dynamic interactions orchestrated between the ecological community of oral microorganisms (comprised of up to approximately 1000 species of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protozoa - the oral microbiome) that live in the oral cavity and the host. These microorganisms form a complex ecosystem that thrive in the dynamic oral environment in a symbiotic relationship with the human host. However, the microbial composition is significantly affected by interspecies and host-microbial interactions, which in turn, can impact the health and disease status of the host. In this review, we discuss the composition of the oralome and inter-species and host-microbial interactions that take place in the oral cavity and examine how these interactions change from healthy (eubiotic) to disease (dysbiotic) states. We further discuss the dysbiotic signatures associated with periodontitis and caries and their sequalae, (e.g., tooth/bone loss and pulpitis), and the systemic diseases associated with these oral diseases, such as infective endocarditis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and head and neck/oral cancer. We then discuss current computational techniques to assess dysbiotic oral microbiome changes. Lastly, we discuss current and novel techniques for modulation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome that may help in disease prevention and treatment, including standard hygiene methods, prebiotics, probiotics, use of nano-sized drug delivery systems (nano-DDS), extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) disruption, and host response modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Kapila Laboratory, Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Sarkar P, Malik S, Laha S, Das S, Bunk S, Ray JG, Chatterjee R, Saha A. Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota During Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:614448. [PMID: 33708627 PMCID: PMC7940518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.614448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with specific pathogens and alterations in tissue commensal microbial composition are intricately associated with the development of many human cancers. Likewise, dysbiosis of oral microbiome was also shown to play critical role in the initiation as well as progression of oral cancer. However, there are no reports portraying changes in oral microbial community in the patients of Indian subcontinent, which has the highest incidence of oral cancer per year, globally. To establish the association of bacterial dysbiosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among the Indian population, malignant lesions and anatomically matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from fifty well-differentiated OSCC patients and analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon based sequencing on the MiSeq platform. Interestingly, in contrast to the previous studies, a significantly lower bacterial diversity was observed in the malignant samples as compared to the normal counterpart. Overall our study identified Prevotella, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Deinococcus and Noviherbaspirillum as significantly enriched genera, whereas genera including Actinomyces, Sutterella, Stenotrophomonas, Anoxybacillus, and Serratia were notably decreased in the OSCC lesions. Moreover, we demonstrated HPV-16 but not HPV-18 was significantly associated with the OSCC development. In future, with additional validation, this panel could directly be applied into clinical diagnostic and prognostic workflows for OSCC in Indian scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purandar Sarkar
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samaresh Malik
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayantan Laha
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Shantanab Das
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumya Bunk
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Jay Gopal Ray
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Abhik Saha
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Lu JW, Tseng YS, Lo YS, Lin YM, Yeh CM, Lin SH. Prognostic Significance of Cytoplasmic SPNS2 Expression in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:164. [PMID: 33673355 PMCID: PMC7917906 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant disease with a particularly high incidence in Taiwan. Our objective in this study was to elucidate the involvement of sphingolipid transporter 2 (SPNS2) expression and SPNS2 protein expression in the clinicopathological indexes and the clinical outcomes of OSCC patients. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for SPNS2 protein expression in samples from 264 cases of OSCC. Correlations of SPNS2 expression with clinicopathological variables and patient survival were analyzed. Results: Our results revealed that the cytoplasmic protein expression of SPNS2 in OSCC tissue specimens was lower than in normal tissue specimens. Negative cytoplasmic protein expression of SPNS2 was significantly correlated with T status and stage. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis revealed that negative cytoplasmic SPNS2 expression was predictive of poorer overall survival of OSCC patients in stage III/IV. We also determined that low SPNS2 expression was an independent prognostic factor related to overall survival among OSCC patients in stage III/IV from univariate Cox proportional hazard models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models revealed that cytoplasmic SPNS2 expression, T status, lymph node metastasis, and histological grade were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: Overall, this study determined that SPNS2 protein may be a useful prognostic marker for OSCC patients and potential therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Yen-Shuo Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Department of Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan
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Adeoye J, Thomson P. A call for an established oral cancer classification by etiology and revision of related terminology. Oral Dis 2021; 28:840-842. [PMID: 33512047 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Hashemi H, Thor A, Hellbacher E, Carlson M, Gulyás M, Blomstrand L. Localized IgG4-related disease manifested on the tongue: a case report. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:6118. [PMID: 34349889 PMCID: PMC8276348 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.6118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition that can affect multiple organs. IgG4-RD may show a variety of initial symptoms. In the oral mucosa, lesions present as inflammatory fibrosis with a large number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Evaluating treatment is a well-known problem in IgG4-RD due to the absence of an established assessment system. There are difficulties in defining the severity of the disease, which is why treatment is primarily based on its clinical manifestations. We present a case report of localized IgG4-RD with ulcerative and proliferative manifestations on the tongue, which clinically mimicked oral squamous cell carcinoma. A tumor-like lesion on the tongue can indicate something else other than the malignant or reactive changes commonly found in the oral mucosa. Multiple differential diagnoses of these atypical oral lesions, including localized IgG4-RD, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helya Hashemi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Thor
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Hellbacher
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Research Group, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miklós Gulyás
- Division of Pathology, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Blomstrand
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Núñez-Acurio D, Bravo D, Aguayo F. Epstein-Barr Virus-Oral Bacterial Link in the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathogens 2020; 9:E1059. [PMID: 33352891 PMCID: PMC7765927 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer. Its development has been associated with diverse factors such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. In addition, it has been suggested that microorganisms are risk factors for oral carcinogenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which establishes lifelong persistent infections and is intermittently shed in the saliva, has been associated with several lymphomas and carcinomas that arise in the oral cavity. In particular, it has been detected in a subset of OSCCs. Moreover, its presence in patients with periodontitis has also been described. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is an oral bacterium in the development of periodontal diseases. As a keystone pathogen of periodontitis, P. gingivalis is known not only to damage local periodontal tissues but also to evade the host immune system and eventually affect systemic health. Persistent exposure to P. gingivalis promotes tumorigenic properties of oral epithelial cells, suggesting that chronic P. gingivalis infection is a potential risk factor for OSCC. Given that the oral cavity serves as the main site where EBV and P. gingivalis are harbored, and because of their oncogenic potential, we review here the current information about the participation of these microorganisms in oral carcinogenesis, describe the mechanisms by which EBV and P. gingivalis independently or synergistically can collaborate, and propose a model of interaction between both microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Núñez-Acurio
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Virology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Virology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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Naqvi SU, Khan S, Ahmed A, Lail A, Gul S, Ahmed S. Prevalence of EBV, CMV, and HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients in the Pakistani population. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3880-3883. [PMID: 32219873 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have proposed an important role of viruses in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. The present study aimed to find out the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a Pakistani cohort. We investigated tissue samples obtained from 58 patients with OSCC using the polymerase chain reaction assay. No sample was positive for HPV. EBV was identified in 15 patients (25.86%), and CMV in three patients (5.17%). Coinfection with one or more viruses was detected in two cases and was coinfection with EBV and CMV. These results suggest a low prevalence of these viruses in OSCC patients in the Pakistani population compared to most other countries where the prevalence of these viruses has been reported in the past. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to determine the potential role of EBV and the possible importance of CMV as an infection cofactor in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Uzma Naqvi
- Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Khan
- Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amanullah Lail
- Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Gul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Crimi S, Falzone L, Gattuso G, Grillo CM, Candido S, Bianchi A, Libra M. Droplet Digital PCR Analysis of Liquid Biopsy Samples Unveils the Diagnostic Role of hsa-miR-133a-3p and hsa-miR-375-3p in Oral Cancer. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110379. [PMID: 33172167 PMCID: PMC7694750 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the availability of screening programs, oral cancer is often diagnosed due to the lack of effective biomarkers. Therefore, the identification of new effective diagnostic and late prognostic biomarkers is of fundamental importance for the management of this tumor type. In our previous computational study, we have identified a set of microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly dysregulated in oral cancer and with a potential diagnostic and prognostic significance for oral cancer patients. Starting from our preliminary bioinformatics results, the aim of the present study was to validate the diagnostic potential of four selected miRNAs, hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-375-3p, hsa-miR-503-5p and hsa-miR-196a-5p, in liquid biopsy samples obtained from oral cancer patients and healthy donors. For this purpose, the expression levels of the selected miRNAs were determined in plasma samples by using specific miRNA probes and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The ddPCR results showed that the hsa-miR-133a-3p and hsa-miR-375-3p were significantly down-regulated in oral cancer and their evaluation in liquid biopsy samples can predict the risk of oral cancer development with high sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the computational analysis of miRNA expression and clinical-pathological features of patients allowed us to establish the functional role and prognostic significance of the two validated miRNAs. Abstract Despite the availability of screening programs, oral cancer deaths are increasing due to the lack of diagnostic biomarkers leading to late diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel effective biomarkers for this tumor. On these bases, the aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) through the analysis of liquid biopsy samples obtained from ten oral cancer patients and ten healthy controls. The expression of four selected miRNAs was evaluated by using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in a pilot cohort of ten oral cancer patients and ten healthy donors. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to assess the functional role of these miRNAs. The expression levels of the predicted down-regulated hsa-miR-133a-3p and hsa-miR-375-3p were significantly reduced in oral cancer patients compared to normal individuals while no significant results were obtained for the up-regulated hsa-miR-503-5p and hsa-miR-196a-5p. ROC analysis confirmed the high sensitivity and specificity of hsa-miR-375-3p and hsa-miR-133a-3p. Therefore, both miRNAs are significantly down-regulated in cancer patients and can be used as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of oral cancer. The analysis of circulating miRNAs in a larger series of patients is mandatory to confirm the results obtained in this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Crimi
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Policlinico San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-478-1271
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Caterina Maria Grillo
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (M.L.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianchi
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Policlinico San Marco, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (M.L.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Non-invasive bioassay of Cytokeratin Fragment 21.1 (Cyfra 21.1) protein in human saliva samples using immunoreaction method: An efficient platform for early-stage diagnosis of oral cancer based on biomedicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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The Role of the Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Insight into the Microbiome-Treatment Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218061. [PMID: 33137960 PMCID: PMC7662318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading presentations of head and neck cancer (HNC). The first part of this review will describe the highlights of the oral microbiome in health and normal development while demonstrating how both the oral and gut microbiome can map OSCC development, progression, treatment and the potential side effects associated with its management. We then scope the dynamics of the various microorganisms of the oral cavity, including bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, archaea and viruses, and describe the characteristic roles they may play in OSCC development. We also highlight how the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) may impinge on the host microbiome and increase the burden of oral premalignant lesions and OSCC in patients with HIV. Finally, we summarise current insights into the microbiome–treatment axis pertaining to OSCC, and show how the microbiome is affected by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and also how these therapies are affected by the state of the microbiome, potentially determining the success or failure of some of these treatments.
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Hou C, Cai H, Zhu Y, Huang S, Song F, Hou J. Development and Validation of Autophagy-Related Gene Signature and Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:558596. [PMID: 33178587 PMCID: PMC7596585 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.558596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy, a highly conserved self-digesting process, has been deeply involved in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) for OSCC still remains unclear. Our study set out to develop a multigene expression signature based on ARGs for individualized prognosis assessment in OSCC patients. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified prognosis-related ARGs through univariate COX regression analysis. Then we performed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to identify an optimal autophagy-related multigene signature with the subsequent validation in testing set, GSE41613 and GSE42743 datasets. Results We identified 36 prognosis-related ARGs for OSCC. Subsequently, the multigene signature based on 13 prognostic ARGs was constructed and successfully divided OSCC patients into low and high-risk groups with significantly different overall survival in TCGA training set (p < 0.0001). The autophagy signature remained as an independent prognostic factor for OSCC in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for 1, 3, and 5-year survival were 0.758, 0.810, 0.798, respectively. Then the gene signature was validated in TCGA testing set, GSE41613 and GSE42743 datasets. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) revealed the underlying biological characteristics and signaling pathways associated with this signature in OSCC. Finally, we constructed a nomogram by combining the gene signature with multiple clinical parameters (age, gender, TNM-stage, tobacco, and alcohol history). The concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots demonstrated favorable predictive performance of our nomogram. Conclusion In summary, we identified and verified a 13-ARGs prognostic signature and nomogram, which provide individualized prognosis evaluation and show insight for potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongshi Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuojin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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44
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Chen J, Longnecker R. Epithelial cell infection by Epstein-Barr virus. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 43:674-683. [PMID: 31584659 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is etiologically associated with multiple human malignancies including Burkitt lymphoma and Hodgkin disease as well as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinoma. Entry of EBV into target cells is essential for virus to cause disease and is mediated by multiple viral envelope glycoproteins and cell surface associated receptors. The target cells of EBV include B cells and epithelial cells. The nature and mechanism of EBV entry into these cell types are different, requiring different glycoprotein complexes to bind to specific receptors on the target cells. Compared to the B cell entry mechanism, the overall mechanism of EBV entry into epithelial cells is less well known. Numerous receptors have been implicated in this process and may also be involved in additional processes of EBV entry, transport, and replication. This review summarizes EBV glycoproteins, host receptors, signal molecules and transport machinery that are being used in the epithelial cell entry process and also provides a broad view for related herpesvirus entry mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Richard Longnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Dere Y, Ekmekçi S, Akarken İ, Küçük Ü. Can Epstein-Barr virus play a role in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 102:616-620. [PMID: 32538153 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas are very rare tumours with different biological behaviours. The Epstein-Barr virus, which is the first known oncogenic virus, is being investigated for various malignant tumours. It is known that this virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, as well as multiple haematological malignancies, head and neck and gastric cancers. We aimed to determine the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas using chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 44 upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas from two different centres were included. Demographic data and survival rates were obtained from hospital records. One demonstrative paraffin block from each case was stained using Epstein-Barr encoded RNA (EBER) with an automated CISH procedure. The positivity of EBER was statistically analysed for prognostic factors. RESULTS Among all patients, 38 were male and 6 were female. The mean age of the patients was 65.93 years. At the time of the study, 15 patients had died and 29 were alive. EBER-CISH positivity was found in 13 patients. Four showed strong EBER-CISH expression and nine showed weak expression. EBER-CISH positivity was not statistically related to any of the prognostic factors or to overall survival. DISCUSSION Although EBER-CISH positivity showed no significant relation with prognostic factors, it was observed in one-third of all cases. Therefore, we think that the Epstein-Barr virus may have a role in the pathogenesis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas. This finding needs to be supported by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dere
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - S Ekmekçi
- Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İ Akarken
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ü Küçük
- Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Fernandes Q, Gupta I, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE. Human Papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr Virus Interactions in Colorectal Cancer: A Brief Review. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040300. [PMID: 32325943 PMCID: PMC7238043 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are the most common oncoviruses, contributing to approximately 10%-15% of all malignancies. Oncoproteins of high-risk HPVs (E5 and E6/E7), as well as EBV (LMP1, LMP2A and EBNA1), play a principal role in the onset and progression of several human carcinomas, including head and neck, cervical and colorectal. Oncoproteins of high-risk HPVs and EBV can cooperate to initiate and/or enhance epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) events, which represents one of the hallmarks of cancer progression and metastasis. Although the role of these oncoviruses in several cancers is well established, their role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is still nascent. This review presents an overview of the most recent advances related to the presence and role of high-risk HPVs and EBV in colorectal cancer, with an emphasis on their cooperation in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie Fernandes
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (Q.F.); (I.G.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (Q.F.); (I.G.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (Q.F.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.-E.A.M.); Tel.:+974-4403-7873 (S.V.); +974-4403-7817 (A.-E.A.M.)
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (Q.F.); (I.G.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.-E.A.M.); Tel.:+974-4403-7873 (S.V.); +974-4403-7817 (A.-E.A.M.)
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Sivakumar S, Gupta AA, Nik Mohd Rosdy NMM, Venkiteswaran A, Raj AT, Awan KH. Assessing the potential association between Epstein-Barr virus and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3092-3100. [PMID: 35117672 PMCID: PMC8797883 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to qualitatively and quantitatively review the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords "EBV or Epstein Barr virus and Oral cancer or Oral squamous cell carcinoma" for published case-control studies in the English language upto August 2019. RESULTS The search yielded 985 articles out of which 966 articles were excluded by screening their titles and abstracts as they were irrelevant or duplicates. Based on the full-text assessment of the remaining 19 articles, only 7 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, out of which only 4 were compatible to be included in the meta-analysis. The diagnostic modalities used included immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic targets included latent membrane protein (LMP)-1, EBV determined nuclear antigen-1, EBV-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNA-2. The meta-analysis showed that there is an association between the EBV and OSCC. CONCLUSIONS Determining the association of EBV with OSCC is highly tedious due to the contrasting data obtained from individuals' studies which in turn is due to the wide variations in the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic modalities used and diagnostic targets selected. Although the meta-analysis revealed an association between EBV and OSCC, the number and the quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis are limited, thus the association requires further validation for any conclusive inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaranjhany Sivakumar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mahsa University, Bandar Saujana Putra Campus, Ministry of Higher Education, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Archana A. Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | | | - Annapurny Venkiteswaran
- Centre of Studies for Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Ministry of Higher Education, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA
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Heawchaiyaphum C, Iizasa H, Ekalaksananan T, Burassakarn A, Kiyono T, Kanehiro Y, Yoshiyama H, Pientong C. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Oral Squamous Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030419. [PMID: 32188127 PMCID: PMC7144007 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with various cancers. The number of reports that describe infection of EBV in oral squamous carcinoma cells is increasing. However, there is no available in vitro model to study the possible role of EBV in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we report establishment of a latent EBV infection of well-differentiated HSC1 cells and poorly differentiated SCC25 cells. Viral copy numbers per cell in EBV-infected HSC1 and SCC25 cells are 2 and 5, respectively. Although the EBV copy number was small, spontaneous viral replication was observed in EBV-infected HSC1 cells. Contrarily, infectious viral production was not observed in EBV-infected SCC25 cells, despite containing larger number of EBV genomes. Chemical activation of cells induced expression of viral lytic BZLF1 gene in EBV-infected HSC1 cells, but not in EBV-infected SCC25 cells. EBV infection activated proliferation and migration of HSC1 cells. However, EBV-infection activated migration but not proliferation in SCC25 cells. In conclusion, EBV can infect squamous cells and establish latent infection, but promotion of cell proliferation and of lytic EBV replication may vary depending on stages of cell differentiation. Our model can be used to study the role of EBV in the development of EBV-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ati Burassakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Virology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Kanehiro
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (C.P.)
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Sabatini ME, Chiocca S. Human papillomavirus as a driver of head and neck cancers. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:306-314. [PMID: 31708575 PMCID: PMC7000688 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) family includes more than 170 different types of virus that infect stratified epithelium. High-risk HPV is well established as the primary cause of cervical cancer, but in recent years, a clear role for this virus in other malignancies is also emerging. Indeed, HPV plays a pathogenic role in a subset of head and neck cancers-mostly cancers of the oropharynx-with distinct epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics compared with head and neck cancers not caused by HPV. This review summarises our current understanding of HPV in these cancers, specifically detailing HPV infection in head and neck cancers within different racial/ethnic subpopulations, and the differences in various aspects of these diseases between women and men. Finally, we provide an outlook for this disease, in terms of clinical management, and consider the issues of 'diagnostic biomarkers' and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Sabatini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
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50
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Ruhlmann M, Ruhlmann V. PET in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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