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Ko J, Ryu JE, Noh SW, Choi HK. Melatonin Treatment Enhances the Growth and Productivity of Useful Metabolites in the In Vitro Culture of Spirodela polyrhiza. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1748-1757. [PMID: 36647270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spirodela polyrhiza (Araceae family) is a duckweed species that serves as a potential resource for feed, food, bioremediation, and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we assessed the effects of different concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) on the growth of S. polyrhiza during in vitro culture and the metabolic profiles and productivities of useful metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariable statistical analysis. We found that exogenous melatonin significantly improved the total dry weight and altered the metabolic profiles of S. polyrhiza cultures. Melatonin significantly enhanced the cellular production of useful metabolites, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, threonine, valine, and phytosterols. The volumetric productivities (mg/L) of γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were the highest in the presence of 10 μM melatonin on day 12. Moreover, the productivities of ascorbic acid and serotonin were the highest in the presence of 1 μM melatonin on day 12. Therefore, melatonin could be used to enhance the production of biomass and useful metabolites during large-scale S. polyrhiza cultivation in cosmetic, food/feed, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuHee Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Baek G, Lee H, Ko J, Choi HK. Exogenous melatonin enhances the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in Lemna aequinoctialis culture by modulating metabolic and lipidomic profiles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:545. [PMID: 36434529 PMCID: PMC9701026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lemna species are cosmopolitan floating plants that have great application potential in the food/feed, pharmaceutical, phytoremediation, biofuel, and bioplastic industries. In this study, the effects of exogenous melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 µM) on the growth and production of various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species were investigated in Lemna aequinoctialis culture. RESULTS Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the growth (total dry weight) of the Lemna aequinoctialis culture. Melatonin treatment also increased cellular production of metabolites including β-alanine, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, chlorophyll, glutamic acid, phytosterols, serotonin, and sucrose, and intact lipid species; digalactosyldiacylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols. Among those metabolites, the productivity of campesterol (1.79 mg/L) and stigmasterol (10.94 mg/L) were the highest at day 28, when 10 µM melatonin was treated at day 7. CONCLUSION These results suggest that melatonin treatment could be employed for enhanced production of biomass or various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species in large-scale L. aequinoctialis cultivation as a resource for food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- GahYoung Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JuHee Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Noh Y, Lee H, Kim M, Hong SJ, Lee H, Kim DM, Cho BK, Lee CG, Choi HK. Enhanced Production of Photosynthetic Pigments and Various Metabolites and Lipids in the Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 7338 Culture in the Presence of Exogenous Glucose. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020214. [PMID: 33546462 PMCID: PMC7913732 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechocystis strains are cyanobacteria that can produce useful biomaterials for biofuel and pharmaceutical resources. In this study, the effects of exogenous glucose (5-mM) on cell growth, photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, and lipids in Synechocystis sp. PCC 7338 (referred to as Synechocystis 7338) were investigated. Exogenous glucose increased cell growth on days 9 and 18. The highest production (mg/L) of chlorophyll a (34.66), phycocyanin (84.94), allophycocyanin (34.28), and phycoerythrin (6.90) was observed on day 18 in Synechocystis 7338 culture under 5-mM glucose. Alterations in metabolic and lipidomic profiles under 5-mM glucose were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and nanoelectrospray ionization-MS. The highest production (relative intensity/L) of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycerol-3-phosphate, linolenic acid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) 16:0/18:1, MGDG 16:0/20:2, MGDG 18:1/18:2, neophytadiene, oleic acid, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 16:0/16:0, and PG 16:0/17:2 was achieved on day 9. The highest production of pyroglutamic acid and sucrose was observed on day 18. We suggest that the addition of exogenous glucose to Synechocystis 7338 culture could be an efficient strategy for improving growth of cells and production of photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, and intact lipid species for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuJin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Myeongsun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Seong-Joo Hong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.-J.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Hookeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.-J.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5605
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Baek G, Saeed M, Choi HK. Duckweeds: their utilization, metabolites and cultivation. APPLIED BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 64:73. [PMID: 34693083 PMCID: PMC8525856 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-021-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are floating plants of the family Lemnaceae, comprising 5 genera and 36 species. They typically live in ponds or lakes and are found worldwide, except the polar regions. There are two duckweed subfamilies-namely Lemnoidea and Wolffioideae, with 15 and 21 species, respectively. Additionally, they have characteristic reproduction methods. Several metabolites have also been reported in various duckweeds. Duckweeds have a wide range of adaptive capabilities and are particularly suitable for experiments requiring high productivity because of their speedy growth and reproduction rates. Duckweeds have been studied for their use as food/feed resources and pharmaceuticals, as well as for phytoremediation and industrial applications. Because there are numerous duckweed species, culture conditions should be optimized for industrial applications. Here, we review and summarize studies on duckweed species and their utilization, metabolites, and cultivation methods to support the extended application of duckweeds in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- GahYoung Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Maham Saeed
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
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Chung HJ, Lee H, Na G, Jung H, Kim DG, Shin SI, Jung SE, Choi ID, Lee JH, Sim JH, Choi HK. Metabolic and Lipidomic Profiling of Vegetable Juices Fermented with Various Probiotics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050725. [PMID: 32384794 PMCID: PMC7281372 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented vegetable juices have gained attention due to their various beneficial effects on human health. In this study, we employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, direct infusion-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify useful metabolites, lipids, and carotenoids in vegetable juice (VJ) fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum HY7712, Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715, Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801, and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002. A total of 41 metabolites, 24 lipids, and 4 carotenoids were detected in the fermented and non-fermented VJ (control). The lycopene, α-carotene, and β-carotene levels were higher in VJ fermented with L. plantarum strains (HY7712 and HY7715) than in the control. Proline content was also elevated in VJ fermented with HY7715. Uracil, succinic acid, and α-carotene concentration was increased in VJ fermented with HY7801, while glycine and lycopene levels were raised in VJ fermented with HY8002. This study confirmed that each probiotic strain has distinctive characteristics and produces unique changes to metabolic profiles of VJ during fermentation. Our results suggest that probiotic-fermented VJ is a promising functional beverage that contains more beneficial metabolites and carotenoids than commercial non-fermented VJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Jin Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (H.L.)
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Guknam Na
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Heechul Jung
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Sang-Ick Shin
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Seong-Eun Jung
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Il-dong Choi
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Lee
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Jae-Hun Sim
- Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (G.N.); (H.J.); (D.-G.K.); (S.-I.S.); (S.-E.J.); (I.-d.C.); (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5605; Fax: 82-2-812-3921
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Kim E, Kim M, Choi HK. Alteration of metabolic profiles in Lemna paucicostata culture and enhanced production of GABA and ferulic acid by ethephon treatment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231652. [PMID: 32298342 PMCID: PMC7162458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemna species have been used in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries, as they are inexpensive sources of proteins, starches, and fatty acids. In this study, we treated L. paucicostata with different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, or 1 mM) of ethephon. The total dry weight decreased in all ethephon-treated groups compared to the control group. We also investigated the alteration of metabolic profiles induced by ethephon treatment by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This analysis identified 48 metabolites, and the relative levels of most of alcohols, amino acids, fatty acids, and phenols increased by the ethephon treatment, whereas levels of organic acids and sugars decreased. Among these, the highest production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 5.041 ± 1.373 mg/L) and ferulic acid (0.640 ± 0.071 mg/L) was observed in the 0.5 mM and the 0.2 mM ethephon treatment groups, respectively. These results could be useful for large-scale culture of L. paucicostata with enhanced GABA and ferulic acid content for utilization in the food, feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunBi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongsun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Jaremko MJ, Davis TD, Corpuz JC, Burkart MD. Type II non-ribosomal peptide synthetase proteins: structure, mechanism, and protein-protein interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:355-379. [PMID: 31593192 PMCID: PMC7101270 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2019 Many medicinally-relevant compounds are derived from non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) products. Type I NRPSs are organized into large modular complexes, while type II NRPS systems contain standalone or minimal domains that often encompass specialized tailoring enzymes that produce bioactive metabolites. Protein-protein interactions and communication between the type II biosynthetic machinery and various downstream pathways are critical for efficient metabolite production. Importantly, the architecture of type II NRPS proteins makes them ideal targets for combinatorial biosynthesis and metabolic engineering. Future investigations exploring the molecular basis or protein-protein recognition in type II NRPS pathways will guide these engineering efforts. In this review, we consolidate the broad range of NRPS systems containing type II proteins and focus on structural investigations, enzymatic mechanisms, and protein-protein interactions important to unraveling pathways that produce unique metabolites, including dehydrogenated prolines, substituted benzoic acids, substituted amino acids, and cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Jaremko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Tony D Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Joshua C Corpuz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0358, USA.
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Long Z, Feng G, Zhao N, Wu L, Zhu H. Isoferulic acid inhibits human leukemia cell growth through induction of G2/M‑phase arrest and inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1035-1042. [PMID: 31922221 PMCID: PMC7002969 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancy is a serious disease that develops quickly and aggressively, severely threatening human health owing to its high mortality. The current study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of isoferulic acid (IFA) on leukemia cells and investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. Hematologic cancer cell lines (Raji, K562 and Jurkat) were treated with IFA in a dose‑dependent manner and proliferation was measured by a cell proliferation assay. Cell cycle arrest was detected via flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis‑associated signal pathways were analyzed via Annexin V/PI staining and western blot assays, respectively. IFA inhibited cell viability, induced cell apoptosis and triggered cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in Raji, K562, and Jurkat cells in a dose‑dependent manner. In response to IFA treatment, the levels of cleaved poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase‑3 were increased in Jurkat and K562 cells, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of Cdc2 and reduction of Cyclin B1 levels. IFA remarkably attenuated the phosphorylation of mTOR and Akt in Jurkat cells. Collectively, the present data suggested that IFA had therapeutic effects on Jurkat, K562, and Raji cells, indicating it as a promising candidate for the treatment of hematologic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Long
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Guangjia Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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Ziegler P, Sree KS, Appenroth KJ. Duckweed biomarkers for identifying toxic water contaminants? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14797-14822. [PMID: 30397749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface or ground waters can be contaminated with numerous toxic substances. The duckweeds Lemna minor and Lemna gibba are widely used for assaying waterborne toxicity to higher plants in terms of growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment reduction. These tests cannot, however, in themselves determine the nature of the agents responsible for toxicity. Morphological, developmental, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of duckweeds to exposure to toxic water contaminants constitute biomarkers of toxic effect. In principle, the very detection of these biomarkers should enable the contaminants having elicited them (and being responsible for the toxicity) to be identified. However, in practice, this is severely compromised by insufficient specificity of biomarkers for their corresponding toxicants and by the lack of documentation of biomarker/toxin relationships. The present contribution illustrates the difficulties of using known water contaminant-related duckweed biomarkers to identify toxins, and discusses possibilities for achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ziegler
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Kandregula Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, 671316, India
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Appenroth
- Matthias-Schleiden Institute, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Zhang L, Paasch BC, Chen J, Day B, He SY. An important role of l-fucose biosynthesis and protein fucosylation genes in Arabidopsis immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:981-994. [PMID: 30552820 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants mount coordinated immune responses to defend themselves against pathogens. However, the cellular components required for plant immunity are not fully understood. The jasmonate-mimicking coronatine (COR) toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 functions to overcome plant immunity. We previously isolated eight Arabidopsis (scord) mutants that exhibit increased susceptibility to a COR-deficient mutant of PstDC3000. Among them, the scord6 mutant exhibits defects both in stomatal closure response and in restricting bacterial multiplication inside the apoplast. However, the identity of SCORD6 remained elusive. In this study, we aim to identify the SCORD6 gene. We identified SCORD6 via next-generation sequencing and found it to be MURUS1 (MUR1), which is involved in the biosynthesis of GDP-l-fucose. Discovery of SCORD6 as MUR1 led to a series of experiments that revealed a multi-faceted role of l-fucose biosynthesis in stomatal and apoplastic defenses as well as in pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity, including glycosylation of pattern-recognition receptors. Furthermore, compromised stomatal and/or apoplastic defenses were observed in mutants of several fucosyltransferases with specific substrates (e.g. O-glycan, N-glycan or the DELLA transcriptional repressors). Collectively, these results uncover a novel and broad role of l-fucose and protein fucosylation in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bradley C Paasch
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Skrzypczak-Pietraszek E, Reiss K, Żmudzki P, Pietraszek J. Enhanced accumulation of harpagide and 8-O-acetyl-harpagide in Melittis melissophyllum L. agitated shoot cultures analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202556. [PMID: 30133513 PMCID: PMC6104996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Harpagide and its derivatives have valuable medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and potential antirheumatic effects. There is the demand for searching plant species containing these iridoids or developing biotechnological methods to obtain the compounds. The present study investigated the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJa, 50 μM), ethephon (Eth, 50 μM) and L-phenylalanine (L-Phe, 2.4 g/L of medium), added to previously selected variant of Murashige and Skoog medium (supplemented with plant growth regulators: 6-benzylaminopurine 1.0 mg/L, α-naphthaleneacetic acid 0.5 mg/L, gibberellic acid 0.25 mg/L) on the accumulation of harpagide and 8-O-acetyl-harpagide in Melittis melissophyllum L. agitated shoot cultures. Plant material was harvested 2 and 8 days after the supplementation. Iridoids were quantitatively analyzed by the UPLC-MS/MS method in extracts from the biomass and the culture medium. It was found that all of the variants caused an increase in the accumulation of harpagide. In the biomass harvested after 2 days, the highest harpagide content of 247.3 mg/100 g DW was found for variant F (L-Phe and Eth), and the highest 8-O-acetyl-harpagide content of 138 mg/100 g DW for variant E (L-Phe and MeJa). After 8 days, in some variants, a portion of the metabolites was released into the culture medium. Considering the total amount of the compounds (in the biomass and medium), the highest accumulation of harpagide, amounting to 619 mg/100 g DW, was found in variant F, and the highest amount of 8-O-acetyl-harpagide, of 255.4 mg/100 g DW, was found in variant H (L-Phe, MeJa, Eth) when harvested on the 8th day. These amounts were, respectively, 24.7 and 4.8 times higher than in the control culture, and were, respectively, 15 and 6.7 times higher than in the leaves of the soil-grown plant. The total amount of the two iridoids was highest for variant F (0.78% DW) and variant H (0.68% DW) when harvested on the 8th day. The results indicate that the agitated shoot cultures of M. melissophyllum can be a rich source of harpagide and 8-O-acetyl-harpagide, having a potential practical application. To the best of our knowledge we present for the first time the results of the quantitative UPLC-MS/MS analysis of harpagide and 8-O-acetyl-harpagide in M. melissophyllum shoot cultures and the enhancement of their accumulation by means of medium supplementation with elicitors and precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skrzypczak-Pietraszek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Reiss
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Pietraszek
- Department of Software Engineering and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Zahra Z, Kim SY, Kim HY, Lee H, Lee H, Jeon JY, Kim DM, Kim DM, Hong SJ, Cho BK, Lee H, Lee CG, Arshad M, Choi HK. Phycobiliproteins Production Enhancement and Lipidomic Alteration by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8522-8529. [PMID: 30016092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the production of phycobiliproteins using TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The growth characteristics of Synechocystis cells were not affected by TiO2 NPs treatment, but this treatment increased the chlorophyll content significantly by 62.2% (14.6 mg/L) compared to that of control (9.0 mg/L) on day 16. Phycocyanin production was increased by 33.8% (29.3 g/L) compared to that of control (21.9 g/L) on day 8. Allophycocyanin production was increased by 55.0% (6.2 g/L) compared to that of control (4.0 g/L) on day 8, and by 22.4% (16.4 g/L) compared to that of control (13.4 g/L) on day 16. Direct infusion mass spectrometry revealed that TiO2 NPs treatment significantly increased the levels of major thylakoid membranes of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (18:2/18:3, 18:2/18:2, 18:1/18:2), phosphatidylglycerol (16:0/16:1), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (16:0/16:1, 16:0:18:4) on day 8. These findings indicate that TiO2 NPs have potential for commercial applications in Synechocystis species or other microalgal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zahra
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , National University of Sciences and Technology , Sector H-12 , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Seok-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Youn Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heayyean Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Jeon
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joo Hong
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Gachon University , Incheon 13120 , Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , National University of Sciences and Technology , Sector H-12 , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
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13
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Lee JK, Eom SH, Hyun TK. Enhanced biosynthesis of saponins by coronatine in cell suspension culture of Kalopanax septemlobus. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:59. [PMID: 29354370 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kalopanax septemlobus is a medicinal woody species of the family Araliaceae, and the pharmaceutical properties of saponins obtained from K. septemlobus suggest that K. septemlobus has the potential to be a crude drug and dietary health supplement. In this study, we established cell suspension culture of K. septemlobus to develop a sustainable source of natura-ceuticals. Friable calli were used for establishing cell suspension culture. The maximum amount of total saponins (1.56 mg/60 ml suspension) was obtained during the 15th day of incubation, whereas the maximum capacity of saponin production was reached after day 6 (0.42 μg/mg of fresh weight). The total saponin production in the cell suspension of K. septemlobus was significantly increased by coronatine (COR) at 160% at a dose of 1 μM compared with the mock-treated control, whereas methyl jasmonate treated cells exhibited less increase in total saponin level as compared to the COR-treated cells. In addition, the elicitation of COR strongly induced the expression of beta-amyrin synthase, thus resulting in the accumulation of oleanolic acid (2.369 ± 0.98 μg/mg of extract), a precursor for oleanane-type triterpene saponins. These results indicate that COR is an efficient elicitor for inducing phytochemicals in cell suspension culture and that it provides the possibility for producing saponins of K. septemlobus using cell suspension culture.
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