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Christophersen P, Dyhring T. The shortcoming of using glibenclamide in exploratory clinical headache provocation studies. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024231219475. [PMID: 38064318 DOI: 10.1177/03331024231219475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical and clinical studies implicate the vascular ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel in the signaling cascades underlying headache and migraine. However, attempts to demonstrate that the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide would attenuate triggered headache in healthy volunteers have proven unsuccessful. It is questionable, however, whether target engagement was achieved in these clinical studies. METHODS Literature data for human glibenclamide pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and functional IC50 values were used to predict the KATP receptor occupancy (RO) levels obtained after glibenclamide dosing in the published exploratory clinical headache provocation studies. RO vs. time profiles of glibenclamide were simulated for the pancreatic KATP channel subtype Kir6.2/SUR1 and the vascular subtype Kir6.1/SUR2B. RESULTS At the clinical dose of 10 mg of glibenclamide used in the headache provocation studies, predicted maximal occupancy levels of up to 90% and up to 26% were found for Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.1/SUR2B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that effective Kir6.1/SUR2B target engagement was not achieved in the clinical headache provocation studies using glibenclamide. Therefore, development of novel selective Kir6.1/SUR2B inhibitors, with good bioavailability and low plasma protein binding, is required to reveal the potential of KATP channel inhibition in the treatment of migraine.
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Atia T, Sakr HI, Damanhory AA, Moawad K, Alsawy M. The protective effect of green tea on diabetes-induced hepato-renal pathological changes: a histological and biochemical study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:168-179. [PMID: 32816576 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1806885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the protective effect of green tea on diabetic hepato-renal complications. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: normal control, diabetic control, glibenclamide-treated, green tea-treated, and combined therapy-treated groups; ethical approval number "BERC-014-01-20." After eight weeks, animals were sacrificed by CO2 euthanasia method, liver and kidney tissues were processed and stained for pathological changes, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Diabetic rats showed multiple hepato-renal morphological and apoptotic changes associated with significantly increased some biochemical parameters, while serum albumin and HDL decreased significantly compared to normal control (p < .05). Monotherapy can induce significant improvements in pathological and biochemical changes but has not been able to achieve normal patterns. In conclusion, green tea alone has a poor hypoglycaemic effect but can reduce diabetic complications, whereas glibenclamide cannot prevent diabetic complications. The addition of green tea to oral hypoglycaemic therapy has shown a potent synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince, Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ahmed A Damanhory
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, KSA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karim Moawad
- School of Biological Science, UCI, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Moustfa Alsawy
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, KSA
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3
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Omale S, Amagon KI, Johnson TO, Bremner SK, Gould GW. A systematic analysis of anti-diabetic medicinal plants from cells to clinical trials. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14639. [PMID: 36627919 PMCID: PMC9826616 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health emergencies of the 21st century, placing a severe economic burden on many countries. Current management approaches have improved diabetic care, but several limitations still exist, such as decreased efficacy, adverse effects, and the high cost of treatment, particularly for developing nations. There is, therefore, a need for more cost-effective therapies for diabetes management. The evidence-based application of phytochemicals from plants in the management of diseases is gaining traction. Methodology Various plants and plant parts have been investigated as antidiabetic agents. This review sought to collate and discuss published data on the cellular and molecular effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on insulin signaling pathways to better understand the current trend in using plant products in the management of diabetes. Furthermore, we explored available information on medicinal plants that consistently produced hypoglycemic effects from isolated cells to animal studies and clinical trials. Results There is substantial literature describing the effects of a range of plant extracts on insulin action and insulin signaling, revealing a depth in knowledge of molecular detail. Our exploration also reveals effective antidiabetic actions in animal studies, and clear translational potential evidenced by clinical trials. Conclusion We suggest that this area of research should be further exploited in the search for novel therapeutics for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Omale
- African Centre for Excellence in Phytomedicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy I. Amagon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Titilayo O. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Shaun Kennedy Bremner
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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4
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Xing J, Chen C. Hyperinsulinemia: beneficial or harmful or both on glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E2-E7. [PMID: 35635329 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00441.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin, a principal anabolic hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, has a primary function of storage of nutrients following excessive energy intake. Pre- or early type 2 diabetes stages present hyperinsulinemia (β-cell dysfunction) and insulin resistance. Initiation of hyperinsulinemia is triggered by a loss of first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with altered membrane ion channel distribution. More factors, including insulin resistance and excessive proliferation of β-cells, deteriorate the hyperinsulinemia, whereas the hyperinsulinemia contributes to further development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; to develop eventually late-stage diabetes with absolute insulin deficiency. In this mini-review, the major focus was put on the causes and pathophysiology of hyperinsulinemia, and the metabolic consequences and current treatment of hyperinsulinemia were discussed. The data used in this narrative review were collected mainly from relevant discoveries in the past 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Xing
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Dugbartey GJ, Alornyo KK, N'guessan BB, Atule S, Mensah SD, Adjei S. Supplementation of conventional anti-diabetic therapy with alpha-lipoic acid prevents early development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112818. [PMID: 35286963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Current pharmacological interventions only retard DN progression. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant with beneficial effect in other diabetic complications. This study investigates whether ALA supplementation prevents early development and progression of DN. METHOD Fifty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to healthy control and diabetic groups and subjected to overnight fasting. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in diabetic group by intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). On day 3 after T2DM induction, diabetic rats received oral daily administration of ALA (60 mg/kg), gliclazide (15 mg/kg), ramipril (10 mg/kg) or drug combinations for 6 weeks. Untreated diabetic rats served as diabetic control. Blood, kidneys and pancreas were harvested for biochemical and histological analyses. RESULT Induction of T2DM resulted in hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and renal pathology. ALA supplementation maintained β-cell function, normoinsulinemia and normoglycemia in diabetic rats, and prevented renal pathology (PAS, KIM-1, plasma creatinine, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and urine albumin/creatinine ratio) and triglycerides level compared to diabetic control (p < 0.001). Additionally, ALA supplementation significantly prevented elevated serum and tissue malondialdehyde, collagen deposition, α-SMA expression, apoptosis and serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels while it markedly increased renal glutathione content and plasma HDL-C compared to diabetic control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION ALA supplementation prevents early development and progression of DN by exerting anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects. Our findings provide additional option for clinical treatment of DN in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benoit B N'guessan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Atule
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel D Mensah
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Dental School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjei
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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6
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Dugbartey GJ, Wonje QL, Alornyo KK, Robertson L, Adams I, Boima V, Mensah SD. Combination Therapy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Gliclazide and Ramipril Protects Against Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850542. [PMID: 35401218 PMCID: PMC8988231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major long-term complication of diabetes mellitus, accounting for over 20% of annual mortality rate of diabetic patients globally. Although several existing anti-diabetic drugs have improved glycemic status in diabetic patients, prevalence of DCM is still high. This study investigates cardiac effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation of anti-diabetic therapy in experimental DCM. Methods: Following 12 h of overnight fasting, 44 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups of healthy control (n = 7) and diabetic (n = 37) groups, and fasting blood glucose was measured. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in diabetic group by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). After confirmation of T2DM on day 3, diabetic rats received monotherapies with ALA (60 mg/kg; n = 7), gliclazide (15 mg/kg; n = 7), ramipril (10 mg/kg; n = 7) or combination of the three drugs (n = 7) for 6 weeks while untreated diabetic rats received distilled water and were used as diabetic control (n = 9). Rats were then sacrificed, and blood, pancreas and heart tissues were harvested for analyses using standard methods. Results: T2DM induction caused pancreatic islet destruction, hyperglycemia, weight loss, high relative heart weight, and development of DCM, which was characterized by myocardial degeneration and vacuolation, cardiac fibrosis, elevated cardiac damage markers (plasma and cardiac creatine kinase-myocardial band, brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I). Triple combination therapy of ALA, gliclazide and ramipril preserved islet structure, maintained body weight and blood glucose level, and prevented DCM development compared to diabetic control (p < 0.001). In addition, the combination therapy markedly reduced plasma levels of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), plasma and cardiac tissue malondialdehyde, triglycerides and total cholesterol while significantly increasing cardiac glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared to diabetic control (p < 0.001). Mechanistically, induction of T2DM upregulated cardiac expression of TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 proteins, which were downregulated following triple combination therapy (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Triple combination therapy of ALA, gliclazide and ramipril prevented DCM development by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Our findings can be extrapolated to the human heart, which would provide effective additional pharmacological therapy against DCM in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Quinsker L Wonje
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Louis Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ismaila Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel D Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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7
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Atia T, Iqbal MZ, Fathy Ahmed H, Sakr HI, Abdelzaher MH, Morsi DF, Metawee ME. Vitamin D Supplementation Could Enhance the Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in Treating Diabetes and Preventing Diabetic Nephropathy: A Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221116403. [PMID: 35942573 PMCID: PMC9393666 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an oxidative stress-related disease characterized by hyperglycemia and a variety of complications, including nephropathy. Vitamin D has variable functions extending beyond the calcium metabolism to prevent oxidative tissue damage. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin D supplements could enhance Glibenclamide's effectiveness in treating diabetes and minimize the risk of associated pathology. Wistar rats were divided into normal control (n = 10) and diabetic (n = 30), where animals received two low doses of Streptozotocin 30 mg/kg/BW intraperitoneally to develop diabetes. The diabetic rats were then randomly divided into three equal groups: untreated, treated with Glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), and treated with Glibenclamide and Vitamin D3 (500 IU/kg). After eight weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected to evaluate biochemical, anti-oxidant, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and histological and immunohistochemical changes. Diabetic animals had significantly increased fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, and Malondialdehyde levels, whereas serum insulin, albumin, and the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased compared to normal control (p < 0.01). Furthermore, some renal histological changes were observed together with significantly increased immunoreactivity of anti-p53, anti-TNF-α, and anti-IL-6 antibodies when compared to the normal control. All abnormal parameters improved significantly with Glibenclamide therapy (p < 0.01), but combination therapy with vitamin D produced a much better result. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation along with anti-diabetic medication can help prevent or reduce the severity of diabetic nephropathy due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj, Saudi
Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
- Tarek Atia, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia;
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Zahidul Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Hassan Fathy Ahmed
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo
University, Egypt
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - M. H. Abdelzaher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Assiut, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University in
AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deaa Fekri Morsi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University,
Cairo, Egypt
- Pathology lab., Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in
Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa E. Metawee
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar
University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
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8
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Interaction between Omeprazole and Gliclazide in Relation to CYP2C19 Phenotype. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050367. [PMID: 34063566 PMCID: PMC8147656 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug gliclazide is partly metabolized by CYP2C19, the main enzyme involved in omeprazole metabolism. The aim of the study was to explore the interaction between omeprazole and gliclazide in relation to CYP2C19 phenotype using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach. Developed PBPK models were verified using in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles obtained from a clinical trial on omeprazole-gliclazide interaction in healthy volunteers, CYP2C19 normal/rapid/ultrarapid metabolizers (NM/RM/UM). In addition, the association of omeprazole cotreatment with gliclazide-induced hypoglycemia was explored in 267 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the GoDARTS cohort, Scotland. The PBPK simulations predicted 1.4–1.6-fold higher gliclazide area under the curve (AUC) after 5-day treatment with 20 mg omeprazole in all CYP2C19 phenotype groups except in poor metabolizers. The predicted gliclazide AUC increased 2.1 and 2.5-fold in intermediate metabolizers, and 2.6- and 3.8-fold in NM/RM/UM group, after simulated 20-day dosing with 40 mg omeprazole once and twice daily, respectively. The predicted results were corroborated by findings in patients with T2D which demonstrated 3.3-fold higher odds of severe gliclazide-induced hypoglycemia in NM/RM/UM patients concomitantly treated with omeprazole. Our results indicate that omeprazole may increase exposure to gliclazide and thus increase the risk of gliclazide-associated hypoglycemia in the majority of patients.
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9
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Lofthouse EM, Cleal JK, Hudson G, Lewis RM, Sengers BG. Glibenclamide transfer across the perfused human placenta is determined by albumin binding not transporter activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105436. [PMID: 32592753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The placenta mediates the transfer of maternal nutrients into the fetal circulation while removing fetal waste products, drugs and environmental toxins that may otherwise be detrimental to fetal development. This study investigated the role of drug transporters and protein binding in the transfer of the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide across the human placental syncytiotrophoblast using placental perfusion experiments and computational modeling. In the absence of albumin, placental glibenclamide uptake from the fetal circulation was not affected by competitive inhibition with bromosulphothalein (BSP), indicating that OATP2B1 does not mediate placental glibenclamide uptake from the fetus. In the presence of maternal and fetal albumin, BSP increased placental glibenclamide uptake from the fetal circulation by displacing glibenclamide from BSA, increasing the free fraction of glibenclamide driving diffusive transport. The P-gp and BCRP inhibitor GF120918 did not affect placental glibenclamide uptake from the maternal circulation and as such this study did not find any evidence for the apical efflux transporters in placental glibenclamide transfer. Computational modeling confirmed that albumin binding and not transporter activity, is the dominant factor in the transfer of glibenclamide across the human placenta. The effect of BSP binding to albumin on promoting the diffusive transfer of glibenclamide highlights the importance of drug-protein binding interactions and their interpretation using computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Lofthouse
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jane K Cleal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | - Rohan M Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Bram G Sengers
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
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10
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Marchetti P, Suleiman M, De Luca C, Baronti W, Bosi E, Tesi M, Marselli L. A direct look at the dysfunction and pathology of the β cells in human type 2 diabetes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:83-93. [PMID: 32417220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β cells uniquely produce and secrete insulin under the control of several, integrated signals, to maintain blood glucose concentrations within a narrow physiological interval. β cell failure is key to the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes, due to impaired function and reduced mass. In this review we focus on several features of human β cell dysfunction and pathology in type 2 diabetes, as revealed by direct assessment of isolated islet traits and examination of pancreatic tissue from organ donors, surgical samples or autoptic specimens. Insulin secretion defects and pathology findings are discussed in relation to some of the major underlying mechanisms, to also provide clues for conceiving better prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes by targeting the pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmela De Luca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Walter Baronti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Zhou D, Xu Y, Wang Y, Li J, Gui C, Zhang H. Interaction of Organic Anion Transporter 3-Mediated Uptake of Steviol Acyl Glucuronide, a Major Metabolite of Rebaudioside A, with Selected Drugs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1579-1587. [PMID: 31760750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) plays a critical role in the renal excretion of many xenobiotics. Because steviol acyl glucuronide (SVAG), an OAT3 substrate, is the major circulating metabolite after oral ingestion of steviol glycosides and is excreted into the urine, inhibition of OAT3 activity may alter pharmacokinetic profiles of SVAG. The present study showed that drugs such as probenecid and glimepiride displayed potent inhibition toward the OAT3-mediated SVAG transport, with IC50 values of 4.9 and 0.8 μM, respectively. No species differences were observed. Probenecid and glimepiride could significantly elevate plasma concentrations of SVAG after oral administration of rebaudioside A, with significant increases in plasma maximum (Cmax) and area under the plasma time-concentration curve values. The inhibitory effect on the OAT3-mediated SVAG transport exemplified a unique case between drugs and the metabolite of a food additive. Our data suggest that caution should be exercised when giving steviol glycoside products to human subjects with compromised renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Yunting Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Yedong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Jiajun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Chunshan Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
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12
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Hendriks AM, Schrijnders D, Kleefstra N, de Vries EGE, Bilo HJG, Jalving M, Landman GWD. Sulfonylurea derivatives and cancer, friend or foe? Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172598. [PMID: 31408647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality. Increased blood glucose and insulin levels in T2DM patients may be, at least in part, responsible for this effect. Indeed, lowering glucose and/or insulin levels pharmacologically appears to reduce cancer risk and progression, as has been demonstrated for the biguanide metformin in observational studies. Studies investigating the influence of sulfonylurea derivatives (SUs) on cancer risk have provided conflicting results, partly due to comparisons with metformin. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to within-class differences in systemic and off-target effects of the SUs. The aim of this systematic review is to discuss the available preclinical and clinical evidence on how the different SUs influence cancer development and risk. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Database of Abstracts on Reviews and Effectiveness, and trial registries were systematically searched for available clinical and preclinical evidence on within-class differences of SUs and cancer risk. The overall preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the influence of SUs on cancer risk in T2DM patients differs between the various SUs. Potential mechanisms include differing affinities for the sulfonylurea receptors and thus differential systemic insulin exposure and off-target anti-cancer effects mediated for example through potassium transporters and drug export pumps. Preclinical evidence supports potential anti-cancer effects of SUs, which are of interest for further studies and potentially repurposing of SUs. At this time, the evidence on differences in cancer risk between SUs is not strong enough to guide clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Hendriks
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Schrijnders
- Langerhans Medical Research Group, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Diabetes Center, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk J G Bilo
- Diabetes Center, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gijs W D Landman
- Langerhans Medical Research Group, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
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