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Grau-Gonzalez IA, Villalba-Garzon JA, Torres-Cuellar L, Puerto-Rojas EM, Ortega LA. A psychometric analysis of the Early Trauma Inventory-Short Form in Colombia: CTT and Rasch model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106689. [PMID: 38359775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential childhood traumatic experiences increase risk for mental and physical health disorders and their precise assessment can help to promote health prevention and promotion strategies for countries with limited data and measurement strategies like Colombia. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study is to strengthen evidence for the validity of scores from an adapted version of the Early Trauma Inventory self report-short form (ETI-SF) using Item Response Theory and by assessing factorial invariance across gender and education level. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study assessed a total of 1909 Colombian participants (66.16 % women, 32.16 % men, 1.68 % other gender; age range 18-72 years old). METHODS Participants answered the ETI-SF via a web-based sampling strategy. RESULTS The total scores of the scale showed good reliability coefficients (α = 0.81 and ω = 0.60). A specific analysis for the subscales showed good reliability for the emotional, physical, and sexual trauma subscales (αs and ωs >0.64), while general trauma showed lower than accepted reliability values (α =0.56 and ω = 0.37). Most of the individual items of the scale showed good calibration. The factorial invariance analysis suggests the possibility of some gender and educational differences. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms particularly high rates of potential childhood traumatic experiences in Colombia and complement data for specific trauma types. Overall, the ETI-SF is confirmed as useful for Colombia, which highlights this scale as a good tool to use for public health assessment. Future research can continue the integration of diverse methods for estimating the quality of the scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier A Villalba-Garzon
- Laboratorio de Psicometria Jose Rodriguez Valderrama, Departamento de Psicologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Leonardo A Ortega
- Facultad de Psicologia, Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Colombia.
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Wang X, Vasilenko SA. Unpacking the Impact of Early Adverse Childhood Experiences on Early Onset of Sexual Intercourse Among an Urban Birth Cohort of Early Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:1110-1116. [PMID: 37676194 PMCID: PMC10842965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict early onset of sexual intercourse. However, patterns of ACEs identified using latent class analysis (LCA) and their links to early sexual intercourse have been less examined. In this study, we apply LCA to identify ACEs profiles at age five and to examine whether these profiles differentially predict adolescents' sexual initiation. METHODS We analyzed data obtained from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study for 3,185 participants (male = 1,638; female = 1,547). This included parental/caregivers' reports of 10 types of ACEs when participants were on average at age five and youth self-report data on sexual intercourse before or at age 15. We used LCA to classify the participants into subgroups and multinomial logistic regressions to examine differences in early sexual initiation among the ACEs subgroups. RESULTS LCA showed evidence of four classes for both genders: low adversity (51.8%), socioeconomic adversity (32.0%), family dysfunction (12.0%), and abuse (4.2%). We found class membership differences in early sexual intercourse in all three adversity classes compared to the low adversity group. Pairwise comparison tests further revealed that adolescents in the family dysfunction class had lesser odds of engaging in early sexual intercourse than their counterparts in the socioeconomic adversity and abuse classes. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that LCA could help identify meaningful and distinctive child adversity patterns while accounting for the co-occurrence of ACEs. This is particularly helpful in evaluating who might be at greatest health risk which can further inform more effective and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sara A Vasilenko
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
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Peragine DE, Kim JJ, Maxwell JA, Skorska MN, Impett EA, Cunningham WA, VanderLaan DP. Not Who You Are, But Who You Are With: Re-examining Women's Less Satisfying Sexual Debuts. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3405-3427. [PMID: 37697094 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in appraisals of first intercourse are among the largest in sexuality research, with women indicating less satisfying "sexual debuts" than men. Dispositional or "actor-level" explanations for this gender gap are pervasive, yet research has largely examined heterosexual debuts in which actor gender and partner gender are confounded. We assessed whether women's less satisfying sexual debuts are better explained by actor gender or partner gender, comparing experiences of women who debuted with men (WDM) with those of men and women who debuted with women (MDW, WDW). Retrospective accounts of sexual debut were collected from 3033 adults. At first intercourse, we found that WDW had equal physical and emotional satisfaction to MDW, and more satisfaction than WDM, suggesting satisfaction gaps owing to partner gender, not actor gender. This pattern did not extend to a comparison event (first masturbation), where WDW and WDM had similar satisfaction, but less satisfaction than MDW, suggesting an actor gender gap. To identify sources of satisfaction gaps, we probed for corresponding differences in the circumstances of sexual debut. Sexual circumstances were more strongly implicated than nonsexual ones, with relative deprivation of glans stimulation explaining relative dissatisfaction at first intercourse, but not first masturbation, and orgasm explaining it at both. Findings challenge the view that the satisfaction gap at first intercourse reflects an inherent difference between genders. Indeed, they demonstrate similarities when partner gender does not differ and suggest strategies for ensuring equal sexual satisfaction-and equal sexual rights realization-at (hetero) sexual debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Peragine
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - James J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Malvina N Skorska
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A Impett
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | | | - Doug P VanderLaan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vasilenko SA, Wang X, Liu Q. Longitudinal Patterns of Multidimensional Violence Exposure and Adolescent Early Sexual Initiation. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2881-2896. [PMID: 37154880 PMCID: PMC10630535 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Early sexual intercourse is associated with sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, and depressive symptoms, and delay of intercourse allows adolescents opportunities to practice relationship skills (Coker et al., 1994; Harden, 2012; Kugler et al., 2017; Spriggs & Halpern, 2008). Thus, understanding predictors of early sexual intercourse is crucial. Prior research has suggested that violence exposure is associated with early initiation of sexual intercourse in adolescence (Abajobir et al., 2018; Orihuela et al., 2020). However, most studies have looked only at a single type of violence exposure. In addition, little research has examined longitudinal patterns of violence exposure in order to determine whether there are particular periods when the violence exposure may have the strongest impact on sexual behavior. Guided by life history and cumulative disadvantage theories, we use longitudinal latent class analysis and data from the Future of Families and Child Well-being Study (N = 3,396; 51.1% female, 48.9% male) to examine how longitudinal patterns of multiple types of violence exposures across ages 3 to 15 are associated with early sexual initiation in adolescence. Findings suggest that experiencing persistent physical and emotional abuse across childhood was associated with the greatest prevalence of early sexual initiation. Early exposure to violence was not consistently associated with greater likelihood of sexual initiation; instead, early abuse was more strongly associated with sexual initiation for boys, while late childhood abuse was more strongly associated for girls. These findings suggest that gender-sensitive programs are highly needed to address unique risk factors for boys' and girls' sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Vasilenko
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, 144 White Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Xiafei Wang
- Department of Social Work, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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5
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Campbell DM, Lucea MB, Cimino AN, Campbell JC, Stockman JK. An examination of the association between forced sex history and reproductive coercion experiences among Black women attending STD clinics in Baltimore, MD, USA. Reprod Health 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 37183247 PMCID: PMC10184376 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive coercion victimization (RCV) is a significant public health issue that negatively affects women's sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Less is known about reproductive coercion perpetration (RCP). Few studies have examined these phenomena among representative samples of Black women. METHODS Retrospective data of women (n = 298) attending STD clinics in Baltimore, MD were analyzed. We calculated lifetime and 12-month prevalence reports of reproductive coercion, and reported values stratified by forced sex history. Binomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association between forced sex history and RCV, accounting for other types of violence typologies. RESULTS Lifetime and past 12-month RCV and RCP prevalence were higher among women with forced sex experiences than their counterparts (Lifetime RCV: 46.9% versus 17.5%; past 12-month RCV: 19.4% versus 8.5%. Lifetime RCP: 24.5% versus 17%; past 12-month RCP: 13.3% versus 10.5%). Adjusted models, lifetime reproductive coercion: Women reporting forced sex had a 3.58 times higher odds of having had experienced RCV compared to women not reporting forced sex (AOR 3.58; 95% CI 2.00, 6.46). Women reporting forced sex had a 3.66 times higher odds of having ever experienced pregnancy coercion compared to their counterparts (AOR 3.66; 95% CI 1.93, 7.03) and 4.30 times higher odds of having ever experienced condom manipulation (AOR 4.30; 95% CI 2.15, 8.86). Adjusted models, past 12-month reproductive coercion: Women reporting forced sex had a 2.72 times higher odds of having had experienced past 12-month RCV compared to women not reporting forced sex (AOR 2.72; 95% CI 1.27, 5.91). Women reporting forced sex had a 3.25 times higher odds of having experienced past 12-month pregnancy coercion compared to their counterparts (AOR 3.25; 95% CI 1.38, 7.83) and 3.41 times higher odds of having experienced past 12-month condom manipulation (AOR 3.41; 95% CI 1.14, 10.98). CONCLUSIONS Participants in our study reported high rates of RCV. Our novel exploration revealed significantly high rates of co-occurring forced sex experiences and RCV and initial prevalence report of RCP. Agencies have a unique opportunity to intervene by implementing screening protocols and referrals for supportive services. These findings may inform future intervention research efforts aimed at improving reproductive health outcomes among Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0507, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
- Division of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, CA Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jamila K. Stockman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0507, La Jolla, CA 92093-0507 USA
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Tsuyuki K, Chan E, Lucea MB, Cimino A, Rudolph AE, Tesfai Y, Campbell JC, Catabay CJ, Stockman JK. Characterising a syndemic among black women at risk for HIV: the role of sociostructural inequity and adverse childhood experiences. Sex Transm Infect 2023; 99:7-13. [PMID: 35595503 PMCID: PMC9887352 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Black women disproportionately experience STIs (including HIV/AIDS), gender-based violence, substance misuse and mental health conditions. Addressing a gap in syndemic research, we characterised comorbidity overlap within the context of sociostructural inequities and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among black women in Baltimore, Maryland. Methods Between 2015 and 2018, black women (n=305) were recruited from STI clinics in Baltimore, Maryland. Among those with complete survey data (n=230), we conducted a latent class analysis to differentiate women based on their profile of the following syndemic comorbidities: STIs, adult sexual victimisation, substance misuse and mental health disorders. We then examined the association between ACEs and syndemic latent class membership. Results Thirty-three percent of women experienced three to nine ACEs before age 18 years, and 44% reported four to six comorbidities. The two-class latent class solution demonstrated the best fit model, and women were categorised in either class 1 (past-year STI; 59%) or class 2 (syndemic comorbidities; 41%). Women in class 2 were more likely to report unstable housing (10% vs 3%) and identify as bisexual/gay (22% vs 10%) than women in class 1. ACEs were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of class 2 membership. Conclusions This study reinforces the importance of screening for ACEs and offering trauma-informed, integrated care for black women with syndemic comorbidities. It also highlights the critical nature of tailoring interventions to improve sociostructural equity, preventing and reducing syndemic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuyuki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Erica Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Andrea Cimino
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abby E Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yordanos Tesfai
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Christina J Catabay
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jamila K Stockman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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7
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Testa A. Childhood Adversity and Risky Behaviors among Chinese Rural Young Adults: The Mediation Effect of Perceived Stress and Moderation Effect of Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13194. [PMID: 36293775 PMCID: PMC9603411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly impact young people's risky behaviors. Yet, few studies have explored if individuals' perceived stress mediates the association between ACEs and risky behaviors; also if social support moderates the pathways from ACEs to risky behaviors through perceived stress. This study aimed to assess the mediation effect of perceived stress and the moderation effect of social support in the study of ACEs and risky behaviors. This study sample includes 1091 Chinese rural young people. A web-based survey was used to assess demographic information, ACEs, perceived stress, social support, and seven types of risky behaviors. Multivariate regression models were run to test associations between ACEs and different risky behaviors while controlling for confounding variables. The mediation model (Model 4) and the moderated mediation model (Model 58) were also performed using the PROCESS macro. Multivariate regression results showed that, with increasing ACEs values, there was an increased likelihood of all risky behaviors. The moderated mediation analysis confirmed that perceived stress mediated the linkage between ACEs and risky behaviors. However, no significant moderating effect of social support was found. The study findings indicate that ACEs, risky behaviors, and perceived stress are significant public health problems among rural Chinese young people. Culturally appropriate prevention and intervention programs and services need to be implemented to address these issues and promote rural Chinese young people's wellbeing and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Boga DJ, Dale SK. Black Women Living with HIV: A Latent Profile Analysis of Intersectional Adversities, Resilience, and Mental Health. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2022; 36:364-374. [PMID: 36040393 PMCID: PMC9514596 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Black women living with HIV (BWLWH) face adversities, including discrimination (race, HIV, and gender related) and trauma. This study examines which latent profiles of resilience (R) and adversity (A) are most prevalent and their relationships to mental health among 119 BWLWH [age = 44.1 (standard deviation = 10.9)]. Questionnaires measured resilience (post-traumatic growth, trait/coping resilience, religious coping, social support), adversity (discrimination, trauma, microaggressions), and mental health [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, post-traumatic cognitions (PTC), and depressive symptoms]. Four salient profiles emerged through latent profile analysis and mental health differences were evaluated. Profile 1 (19.8%) reported lowest scores on 4 resilience measures, lowest traumas, and second lowest on discrimination (low resilience/low adversity-LR/LA). Profile 2 (13.8%) had second lowest on 3 resilience measures but second highest social support, highest/second highest on traumas and discrimination and microaggressions (low resilience/high adversity-LR/HA). Profile 3 (59.5%) exhibited higher scores on resilience and lowest scores on 3 of 4 adversity measures (high resilience/low adversity-HR/LA). Profile 4 (6.9%) reported high on 3 resilience measures, but third lowest on social support, and second highest/highest traumas, discrimination, and microaggressions (high resilience/high adversity-HR/HA). For PTC, the HR/LA group had significantly lower scores compared with the LR/LA and LR/HA groups; and LR/HA had higher PTC scores than the HR/HA group. PTSD scores were significantly lower for HR/LA than all profiles. Depression scores were significantly higher for LR/LA and LR/HA groups than HR/LA. Findings indicate that lower adversity alongside higher resilience leads to better mental health. Policies must address intersectional discrimination and prevent trauma impacting BWLWH; interventions are needed to improve social support and healing. Clinical Trial Registration number NCT02764853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina J. Boga
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sannisha K. Dale
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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Clephane K, Wilson MC, Heiman JR, Craig AN, Lorenz T. Sexual violence history predicts changes in vaginal immune parameters during sexual arousal. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:171-180. [PMID: 35697156 PMCID: PMC9734281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of sexual arousal on vaginal mucosal inflammatory cytokine and antibody production in healthy women with and without histories of childhood and/or adult sexual violence. METHODS Ninety-one premenopausal healthy women (ages 18-42) attended a single laboratory session in which they provided vaginal fluid samples before and after viewing one neutral and one erotic film. While viewing the films, participants' vaginal sexual arousal was recorded using vaginal photoplethysmography. RESULTS Of the 91 participants, 41 (45%) reported no history of sexual violence, 17 (19%) reported a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) only, 19 (21%) reported a history of adult sexual assault (ASA) only, and 10 (11%) reported a history of both CSA and ASA, with 4 participants choosing not to provide information on their sexual violence history. For women with a history of ASA but not CSA, there was a significant increase in vaginal IL-1β following arousal, while for women with a history of CSA (with or without ASA), there was a significant decrease. Women without CSA histories had a significant increase in vaginal IgA following sexual arousal, while women with CSA histories had a decrease. CONCLUSION Sexual arousal possibly plays a role in modifying vaginal immune responses in young, healthy women. Moreover, these effects may vary depending upon sexual assault histories, such that relative to women without assault histories, women with a history of early life sexual trauma showed significantly altered vaginal immune responses following sexual arousal. If replicated, these findings may help explain the increased risk for sexually transmitted infections observed among women with sexual assault histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Clephane
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Center for Brain, Biology & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - M Claire Wilson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, United States
| | - Julia R Heiman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, United States
| | - Amber N Craig
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, United States
| | - Tierney Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Center for Brain, Biology & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States.
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10
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Leath S, Jones MK, Butler-Barnes S. An examination of ACEs, the internalization of the Superwoman Schema, and mental health outcomes among Black adult women. J Trauma Dissociation 2022; 23:307-323. [PMID: 34622746 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2021.1989113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing literature on the mental health implications of adverse childhood events (ACEs), little empirical evidence considers the role of sociocultural scripts in Black women's experiences of trauma and mental health. Emerging scholarship suggests that gendered racial stereotypes, such as the Superwoman Schema, might worsen the impact of ACEs on the mental health outcomes of Black women in the U.S. To address this gap, we sought to examine relationships among Black women's exposure to ACEs, endorsement of the Superwoman Schema, and mental health outcomes. The current sample included 447 Black women (20-35 years old) who completed measures of adverse childhood events, Superwoman Schema endorsement, and mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression). ACEs and endorsement of the Superwoman Schema were associated with higher stress, anxiety, and depressive symptomology. Additionally, Black women who experienced more ACEs and felt a stronger obligation to present an image of strength indicated more stress. Black women who experienced more ACEs and had a stronger determination to succeed reported higher anxiety. These results offer further evidence of the role of the Superwoman Schema on Black women's mental health. The authors discuss future research directions and clinical implications regarding the interconnections among sociocultural scripts of Black womanhood and trauma experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seanna Leath
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Martinque K Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Sheretta Butler-Barnes
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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11
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Anderson KM, Tsuyuki K, Fernandez DeSoto A, Stockman JK. The Effect of Adverse Mental Health and Resilience on Perceived Stress by Sexual Violence History. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084796. [PMID: 35457663 PMCID: PMC9029884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence, including nonconsensual sexual initiation and rape, remains pervasive, with impacts including adverse mental health and dysregulated stress response. Resilience is a promising interventional target. To advance the science, we examined the potential for resilience as an interventional tool by estimating associations between resilience, adverse mental health, and perceived stress among women by sexual violence history and partner perpetration. We analyzed 2018−2020 baseline survey data from 65 women enrolled in a prospective case-control study of sexual violence and HIV susceptibility in San Diego, CA. Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine associations, stratified by sexual violence history. About half of women experienced nonconsensual sexual initiation and/or rape; half of rapes were partner-perpetrated. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly associated with perceived stress among survivors (in regressions with depression and resilience, nonconsensual initiation: β = 6.514, p = 0.003, R2 = 0.616; rape: β = 5.075, p = 0.030, R2 = 0.611). Resilience was associated with lower perceived stress for all women; the effect appeared stronger among survivors of sexual violence (nonconsensual initiation: β = −0.599, p < 0.001 vs. β = −0.452, p = 0.019; rape: β = −0.624, p < 0.001 vs. β = −0.421, p = 0.027). Partner perpetration of rape was not associated with perceived stress. Our findings support leveraging resilience and addressing PTSD to reduce perceived stress among women with lifetime experiences of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Anderson
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kiyomi Tsuyuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Alexandra Fernandez DeSoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Jamila K. Stockman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (K.T.); (A.F.D.); (J.K.S.)
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12
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Schmitt M, Dressel A, Del Carmen Graf M, Pittman B, Deal E, Krueger E, Lopez AA, Kako P, Mkandawire-Valhmu L. Adverse childhood experiences among previously homeless African American women. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:446-455. [PMID: 34537971 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To learn how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impacted the life course trajectory of formerly homeless and at-risk African American women. DESIGN Intersectionality and life course theory informed this qualitative pilot study, based on an instrumental case study design. SAMPLE Forty previously homeless and at-risk African American women, who were graduates from a long-term transitional living facility in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. MEASUREMENTS Focus group interviews and one individual interview provided data about participants' life experiences prior to, during, and following their time at the transitional living facility, which provided supportive wrap-around services. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and line-by-line thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes. Fifteen focus group participants also completed ACE questionnaires. RESULTS Participants reported a high prevalence of multiple ACEs, and three themes were identified: childhood experiences with family conflict, childhood experiences of abuse, and negative coping mechanisms. One-hundred percent of women had experienced at least one ACE, based on ACE questionnaire responses. CONCLUSIONS ACEs affect various parts of patient's lives as adults. For nurses and other healthcare professionals, connecting with community resources provides the opportunity to strategically approach health improvement with wrap-around resources to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Schmitt
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anne Dressel
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Deal
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emma Krueger
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexa A Lopez
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peninnah Kako
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Baiden P, Panisch LS, Kim YJ, LaBrenz CA, Kim Y, Onyeaka HK. Association between First Sexual Intercourse and Sexual Violence Victimization, Symptoms of Depression, and Suicidal Behaviors among Adolescents in the United States: Findings from 2017 and 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157922. [PMID: 34360215 PMCID: PMC8345499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between first sexual intercourse and sexual violence victimization, symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among sexually active adolescents in the United States. Data for this study came from the U.S. 2017 and 2019 iterations of the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 6252 adolescents aged 14–18 years old (49.5% female) who reported ever having sexual intercourse was analyzed using Poisson regression. The outcome variables investigated in this study were sexual violence victimization, symptoms of depression, suicidal ideation, a suicide plan, and suicide attempts, and the main explanatory variables were age at first sexual intercourse and forced sexual intercourse. We also analyzed differences by gender and race. Of the 6252 adolescents who reported ever having sexual intercourse, 7.1% had their first sexual intercourse before age 13, and 14.8% experienced forced sexual intercourse. About 16% of adolescents experienced sexual violence during the past year, 42.6% reported symptoms of depression, 23.9% experienced suicidal ideation, 19.3% made a suicide plan, and 11.1% attempted suicide during the past year. In the regression analysis, early sexual intercourse was significantly and positively associated with suicidal ideation (relative risk (RR) = 1.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02–1.30), suicide plan (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00–1.38), and suicide attempts (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15–1.61). Controlling for the effects of covariates, history of forced sexual intercourse was positively associated with the five outcomes examined with the relative risk ranging between 1.59 and 6.01. Findings of this study suggest that history of early or forced sexual intercourse is associated with poor mental health outcomes among adolescents and underscores the importance of developing interventions that offer psychological support in reducing the adverse impact of early sexual intercourse and forced sexual intercourse on adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa S. Panisch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Yi Jin Kim
- Department of Social Work, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Catherine A. LaBrenz
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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14
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Hawkins MAW, Layman HM, Ganson KT, Tabler J, Ciciolla L, Tsotsoros CE, Nagata JM. Adverse childhood events and cognitive function among young adults: Prospective results from the national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 115:105008. [PMID: 33706023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have lasting impacts on cognition. OBJECTIVE To determine if ACE exposure is prospectively associated with cognition in young adults. We hypothesized that deprivation- and threat-type ACEs as well as higher cumulative ACE exposure predict poorer cognition. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING Participants were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a prospective cohort investigation of U.S. adolescents followed to adulthood. Current study participants were 18-24 years old (Wave III), 24-32 years old (Wave IV), and 31-42 years old (Wave V). The maximum Wave IV sample was 12,288 adults; Wave V was 1277 adults. METHODS History of ACEs were assessed at Wave III. Three cognitive indicators were assessed at Wave IV and Wave V using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate and delayed verbal memory) and the Digit-Span Backward Task (working memory). RESULTS The deprivation ACE of not-having-basic-needs met was associated with poorer working (β = 0.14, CI95 -0.26, -0.01), immediate (β=-0.29, CI95 -0.43, -0.15), and delayed memory (β=-0.27, CI95 -0.43, -0.12) at Wave IV; poorer immediate (β=-0.47, CI95-0.79, -0.16) and delayed memory (β=-0.33, CI95 -0.65, -0.01) at Wave V. The threat ACE of sexual abuse was associated with poorer immediate (β=-0.40, CI95 -0.62, -0.17) and delayed memory (β=-0.29, CI95 -0.55, -0.03) at Wave IV. Higher cumulative ACEs predicted poorer delayed memory (β =-0.05, CI95 -0.10, -0.01) at Wave V. CONCLUSIONS Higher ACEs, especially deprivation-type, were prospectively linked to poorer cognition. Early wide-scale screening/tailored treatments addressing ACEs and cognitive function may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty A W Hawkins
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Harley M Layman
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Tabler
- University of Wyoming, Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, Laramie, WY, USA.
| | - Lucia Ciciolla
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Cindy E Tsotsoros
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - Jason M Nagata
- University of California, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Muruthi BA, Romero L, Thompson Cañas RE, Ibrahim M, Cheng Y. “Sex is Bad, Sex is Bad, Sex is Bad”: Black Immigrant Women Living in the US and their Report of Conversations with their Mothers about Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-021-09432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Appollis TM, Jonas K, Beauclair R, Lombard C, Duby Z, Cheyip M, Maruping K, Dietrich J, Mathews C. Early Sexual Debut and the Effects on Well-Being among South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15 to 24 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 34:242-253. [PMID: 36092761 PMCID: PMC9462400 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1979162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We compared first sex experiences and wellbeing of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) who had an early sexual debut (age < 15) with those who had later sexual debut. We conducted a representative household survey among AGYW aged 15-24 years in six districts in South Africa. Of 3009 AGYW who had ever had sex, 8.9% reported early sexual debut. Early sexual debut was associated with coercion at first sex and a lower average well-being score compared with a later debut. Interventions which aim to delay early sexual debut may positively affect well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy McClinton Appollis
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kim Jonas
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roxanne Beauclair
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Data Yarn, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zoe Duby
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mireille Cheyip
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kealeboga Maruping
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janan Dietrich
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Catherine Mathews
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Intimate Partner Violence and the Role of Child Maltreatment and Neighborhood Violence: A Retrospective Study of African American and US Caribbean Black Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052245. [PMID: 33668319 PMCID: PMC7956464 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with childhood maltreatment and violence exposure within the neighborhood context. This study examined the role of child maltreatment and violence exposure on intimate partner violence, with the moderating effects of mental disorders (IPV) among US Black women. Methods: Data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), the largest and most complete sample on the mental health of US Blacks, and the first representative sample of Caribbean Blacks residing in the United States was used to address the study objectives. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test of independence, t-test, and logistic regression procedures were used to analyze the data. Results: Bivariate results indicate an association between child abuse and intimate partner victimization among US Black women. Witnessing violence as a child as well as neighborhood violence exposure was also related to IPV but shown to differ between African American and Caribbean Black women. Multivariate findings confirmed the influence of mental disorders and social conditions on US Black women's risk for IPV. Moderating effects of child maltreatment and mental disorders in association with adult IPV were not found. Conclusions: The study addressed the short and long-term impact of child maltreatment and the contribution to the cycle of intimate violence among US Black women including African American and Caribbean Blacks. The study suggests the need for prevention and intervention efforts to improve structural conditions for at-risk populations and communities predisposed to violence and other negative outcomes. Possibilities for future research are also discussed.
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18
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Thepthien BO, Htike M. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adverse health outcomes among adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1832403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-on Thepthien
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, 25/25, Phutthamonthon 4 Rd, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Min Htike
- Department of Health, International Rescue Committee, Kanchanaburi, 71240, Thailand
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