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Harper JM. Primary Cell Culture as a Model System for Evolutionary Molecular Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7905. [PMID: 39063147 PMCID: PMC11277064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cell culture is a powerful model system to address fundamental questions about organismal physiology at the cellular level, especially for species that are difficult, or impossible, to study under natural or semi-natural conditions. Due to their ease of use, primary fibroblast cultures are the dominant model system, but studies using both somatic and germ cells are also common. Using these models, genome evolution and phylogenetic relationships, the molecular and biochemical basis of differential longevities among species, and the physiological consequences of life history evolution have been studied in depth. With the advent of new technologies such as gene editing and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), the field of molecular evolutionary physiology will continue to expand using both descriptive and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1900 Avenue I, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA
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2
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Mariano CG, de Oliveira VC, Ambrósio CE. Gene editing in small and large animals for translational medicine: a review. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230089. [PMID: 38628493 PMCID: PMC11019828 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a simpler and more versatile method compared to other engineered nucleases such as Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), and since its discovery, the efficiency of CRISPR-based genome editing has increased to the point that multiple and different types of edits can be made simultaneously. These advances in gene editing have revolutionized biotechnology by enabling precise genome editing with greater simplicity and efficacy than ever before. This tool has been successfully applied to a wide range of animal species, including cattle, pigs, dogs, and other small animals. Engineered nucleases cut the genome at specific target positions, triggering the cell's mechanisms to repair the damage and introduce a mutation to a specific genomic site. This review discusses novel genome-based CRISPR/Cas9 editing tools, methods developed to improve efficiency and specificity, the use of gene-editing on animal models and translational medicine, and the main challenges and limitations of CRISPR-based gene-editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clésio Gomes Mariano
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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Dua S, Bansal S, Gautam D, Jose B, Singh P, Singh MK, De S, Kumar D, Yadav PS, Kues W, Selokar NL. Production of MSTN Gene-Edited Embryos of Buffalo Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System and SCNT. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:121-127. [PMID: 37042654 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been used to produce genome-edited farm animal species for improved production and health traits; however, these tools are rarely used in the buffalo and can play a pivotal role in milk and meat production in tropical and subtropical countries. In this study, we aimed to produce myostatin (MSTN) gene-edited embryos of the Murrah buffalo using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and SCNT. For this, fibroblast cells were electroporated with sgRNAs carrying all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting the first exon of the MSTN gene. Following puromycin selection, single-cell clonal populations were established and screened using the TA cloning and Sanger sequencing methods. Of eight single-cell clonal populations, one with a monoallelic and another with a biallelic heterozygous gene editing event were identified. These two gene-edited clonal cell populations were successfully used to produce blastocyst-stage embryos using the handmade cloning method. This work establishes the technical foundation for generation of genome-edited cloned embryos in the buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Dua
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Sonu Bansal
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Devika Gautam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Bosco Jose
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Prem Singh Yadav
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Wilfried Kues
- Department of Biotechnology, Stem Cell Physiology, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Oliveira VCD, Roballo KCS, Mariano Junior CG, Ambrósio CE. Gene Editing Technologies Targeting TFAM and Its Relation to Mitochondrial Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:173-189. [PMID: 37486522 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; they play a key role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria have their own DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), keeping the function of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a member of the HMGB subfamily that binds to mtDNA promoters is and considered essential in mtDNA replication and transcription. More recently, TFAM has been shown to play a central role in the maintenance and regulation of mitochondrial copy number, inflammatory response, expression regulation, and mitochondrial genome activity. Gene editing tools such as the CRISPR-Cas 9 technique, TALENs, and other gene editing tools have been used to investigate the role of TFAM in mitochondrial mechanics and biogenesis as well as its correlation to mitochondrial disorders. Thus this chapter brings a summary of mitochondria function, dysfunction, the importance of TFAM in the maintenance of mitochondria, and state of the art of gene editing tools involving TFAM and mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Clesio Gomes Mariano Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Kozhukhar N, Spadafora D, Rodriguez YAR, Alexeyev MF. A Method for In Situ Reverse Genetic Analysis of Proteins Involved mtDNA Replication. Cells 2022; 11:2168. [PMID: 35883613 PMCID: PMC9316749 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unavailability of tractable reverse genetic analysis approaches represents an obstacle to a better understanding of mitochondrial DNA replication. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing to establish the conditional viability of knockouts in the key proteins involved in mtDNA replication. This observation prompted us to develop a set of tools for reverse genetic analysis in situ, which we called the GeneSwap approach. The technique was validated by identifying 730 amino acid (aa) substitutions in the mature human TFAM that are conditionally permissive for mtDNA replication. We established that HMG domains of TFAM are functionally independent, which opens opportunities for engineering chimeric TFAMs with customized properties for studies on mtDNA replication, mitochondrial transcription, and respiratory chain function. Finally, we present evidence that the HMG2 domain plays the leading role in TFAM species-specificity, thus indicating a potential pathway for TFAM-mtDNA evolutionary co-adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikhail F. Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (N.K.); (D.S.); (Y.A.R.R.)
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Wang H, Han Y, Li S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Yuan J. Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome and Its Associated Cardiac Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:808115. [PMID: 35237671 PMCID: PMC8882844 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.808115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria is a ubiquitous, energy-supplying (ATP-based) organelle found in nearly all eukaryotes. It acts as a “power plant” by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy for the cell. The bioenergetic functions of mitochondria are regulated by nuclear genes (nDNA). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and respiratory enzymes lose normal structure and function when nuclear genes encoding the related mitochondrial factors are impaired, resulting in deficiency in energy production. Massive generation of reactive oxygen species and calcium overload are common causes of mitochondrial diseases. The mitochondrial depletion syndrome (MDS) is associated with the mutations of mitochondrial genes in the nucleus. It is a heterogeneous group of progressive disorders characterized by the low mtDNA copy number. TK2, FBXL4, TYPM, and AGK are genes known to be related to MDS. More recent studies identified new mutation loci associated with this disease. Herein, we first summarize the structure and function of mitochondria, and then discuss the characteristics of various types of MDS and its association with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yijun Han
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenwei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Dongying Fifth People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingsuo Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Yong Xia
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiang Yuan
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de Oliveira VC, Santos Roballo KC, Mariano Junior CG, Santos SIP, Bressan FF, Chiaratti MR, Tucker EJ, Davis EE, Concordet JP, Ambrósio CE. HEK293T Cells with TFAM Disruption by CRISPR-Cas9 as a Model for Mitochondrial Regulation. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:22. [PMID: 35054416 PMCID: PMC8779421 DOI: 10.3390/life12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is considered a key factor in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Given that the regulation of active copies of mtDNA is still not fully understood, we investigated the effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of TFAM in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells on mtDNA copy number. The aim of this study was to generate a new in vitro model by CRISPR-Cas9 system by editing the TFAM locus in HEK293T cells. Among the resulting single-cell clones, seven had high mutation rates (67-96%) and showed a decrease in mtDNA copy number compared to control. Cell staining with Mitotracker Red showed a reduction in fluorescence in the edited cells compared to the non-edited cells. Our findings suggest that the mtDNA copy number is directly related to TFAM control and its disruption results in interference with mitochondrial stability and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Clésio Gomes Mariano Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Sarah Ingrid Pinto Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Elena J. Tucker
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Erica E. Davis
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 1900, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 1900, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, 75231 Paris, France;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.R.); (C.G.M.J.); (S.I.P.S.); (F.F.B.); (C.E.A.)
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Jiang P, Iqbal A, Wang M, Li X, Fang X, Yu H, Zhao Z. Transcriptomic Analysis of Short/Branched-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme a Dehydrogenase Knocked Out bMECs Revealed Its Regulatory Effect on Lipid Metabolism. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:744287. [PMID: 34557544 PMCID: PMC8453006 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.744287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes includes short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB), which catalyzes the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in fatty acid metabolism. Our previous findings suggested that ACADSB was a critical candidate gene affecting milk fat synthesis by comparing the transcriptome in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) from Chinese Holstein dairy cows producing high-fat and low-fat milk as well as gene functional validation studies on the cellular level. In the present study, ACADSB in bMECs was knocked out (KO) using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, and mRNA transcriptome was further sequenced to verify the function of the ACADSB gene and analyze its correlation with lipid metabolism. The findings revealed that 15,693 genes were expressed, 1,548 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 6,098 GO terms were enriched, of which 637 GO terms were greatly enhanced, such as phospholipid-translocation ATPase activity (GO:0004012), lipoprotein lipase activity (GO:0004465), acyl-CoA desaturase activity (GO:0016215), and so on. The analysis by KEGG showed that DEGs were distributed over 247 pathogens, of which 49 were significantly enriched, including the metabolism of fatty acids (PATH: 01212), metabolism of glycerolipid (PATH: 00561), and signaling of adipocytokines (PATH: 04920). The CHOL, TGs and FFA contents in bMECs were reduced when the ACADSB gene was knocked out. The RT2 Profiler PCR array also revealed that the loss of the ACADSB gene changed the expression levels of functional genes involved in lipid metabolism, including ACADL, ACOX2, ACAT2, and FABP3. In conclusion, the current findings show that ACADSB is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in bMECs. The ACADSB-/- bMECs could also be useful genetic material and tools for future research into gene functions related to lipid and fatty acid metabolism. It will be valuable for revealing the gene regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms in milk fat synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ambreen Iqbal
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xibi Fang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Del Rey MJ, Meroño C, Municio C, Usategui A, Mittelbrunn M, García-Consuegra I, Criado G, Pablos JL. TFAM-deficient mouse skin fibroblasts - an ex vivo model of mitochondrial dysfunction. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:271052. [PMID: 34312668 PMCID: PMC8405849 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction associates with several pathological processes and contributes to chronic inflammatory and ageing-related diseases. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) plays a critical role in maintaining mtDNA integrity and function. Taking advantage of Tfamfl/fl UBC-Cre/ERT2+/+ mice to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction in the stromal cell component, we describe an inducible in vitro model of mitochondrial dysfunction by stable depletion of TFAM in primary mouse skin fibroblasts (SK-FBs) after 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) administration. Tfam gene deletion caused a sustained reduction in Tfam and mtDNA-encoded mRNA in Cre(+) SK-FBs cultured for low (LP) and high (HP) passages that translated into a loss of TFAM protein. TFAM depletion led to a substantial reduction in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes that was exacerbated in HP SK-FB cultures. The assembly pattern showed that the respiratory complexes fail to reach the respirasome in 4-OHT-treated Cre(+) SK-FBs. Functionally, mito-stress and glycolysis-stress tests showed that mitochondrial dysfunction developed after long-term 4-OHT treatment in HP Cre(+) SK-FBs and was compensated by an increase in the glycolytic capacity. Finally, expression analysis revealed that 4-OHT-treated HP Cre(+) SK-FBs showed a senescent and pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Del Rey
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Meroño
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Municio
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Usategui
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García-Consuegra
- Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Criado
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Pablos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Roballo KCS, Ambrosio CE, da Silveira JC. Protocol to Study the Role of Extracellular Vesicles During Induced Stem Cell Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2273:63-73. [PMID: 33604844 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1246-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles released by cells, which due to their cargo and cell membrane proteins induce changes in the recipient cells. These vesicles can be a novel option to induce stem cell differentiation. Here we described a method to induce mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (MSC) into neuron-like cells using small EVs from neurons. First, we will describe a method based on neurons to induce adipocyte derived stem cells differentiation, a type of MSC, by coculturing both using inserts. Secondly, we will describe a follow-up method by using only isolated neuron-derived small EVs to directly induce ADSC differentiation in neuron-like cells. Importantly, in both methods it is possible to avoid the direct cell-to-cell contact, thus allowing for the study of soluble factors role during stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C S Roballo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Carlos E Ambrosio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano C da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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