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Gyawali N, Hao Y, Lin G, Huang J, Bika R, Daza L, Zheng H, Cruppe G, Caragea D, Cook D, Valent B, Liu S. Using recurrent neural networks to detect supernumerary chromosomes in fungal strains causing blast diseases. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae108. [PMID: 39165675 PMCID: PMC11333962 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The genomes of the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae that causes blast diseases on diverse grass species, including major crops, have indispensable core-chromosomes and may contain supernumerary chromosomes, also known as mini-chromosomes. These mini-chromosomes are speculated to provide effector gene mobility, and may transfer between strains. To understand the biology of mini-chromosomes, it is valuable to be able to detect whether a M. oryzae strain possesses a mini-chromosome. Here, we applied recurrent neural network models for classifying DNA sequences as arising from core- or mini-chromosomes. The models were trained with sequences from available core- and mini-chromosome assemblies, and then used to predict the presence of mini-chromosomes in a global collection of M. oryzae isolates using short-read DNA sequences. The model predicted that mini-chromosomes were prevalent in M. oryzae isolates. Interestingly, at least one mini-chromosome was present in all recent wheat isolates, but no mini-chromosomes were found in early isolates collected before 1991, indicating a preferential selection for strains carrying mini-chromosomes in recent years. The model was also used to identify assembled contigs derived from mini-chromosomes. In summary, our study has developed a reliable method for categorizing DNA sequences and showcases an application of recurrent neural networks in predictive genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Gyawali
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yangfan Hao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Guifang Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ravi Bika
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Lidia Calderon Daza
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Huakun Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Giovana Cruppe
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Doina Caragea
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - David Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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2
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Yoshioka M, Kishii M, Singh PK, Inoue Y, Vy TTP, Tosa Y, Asuke S. Rmg10, a Novel Wheat Blast Resistance Gene Derived from Aegilops tauschii. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:2113-2120. [PMID: 38870178 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-24-0018-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) pathotype Triticum (MoT), is a devastating disease that can result in up to 100% yield loss in affected fields. To find new resistance genes against wheat blast, we screened 199 accessions of Aegilops tauschii, the D genome progenitor of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), by seedling inoculation assays with Brazilian MoT isolate Br48 and found 14 resistant accessions. A synthetic hexaploid wheat line (Ldn/KU-2097) derived from a cross between the T. turgidum 'Langdon' (Ldn) and resistant A. tauschii accession KU-2097 exhibited resistance in seedlings and spikes against Br48. In an F2 population derived from 'Chinese Spring' × Ldn/KU-2097, resistant and susceptible individuals segregated in a 3:1 ratio, suggesting that the resistance from KU-2097 is controlled by a single dominant gene. We designated this gene Rmg10. Genetic mapping using an F2:3 population from the same cross mapped the RMG10 locus to the short arm of chromosome 2D. Rmg10 was ineffective against Bangladesh isolates but effective against Brazilian isolates. Field tests in Bolivia showed increased spike resistance in a synthetic octaploid wheat line produced from a cross between common wheat cultivar 'Gladius' and KU-2097. These results suggest that Rmg10 would be beneficial in farmers' fields in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kishii
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Trinh Thi Phuong Vy
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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3
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Gilligan CA. Developing Predictive Models and Early Warning Systems for Invading Pathogens: Wheat Rusts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 62:217-241. [PMID: 38857540 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Innovations in aerobiological and epidemiological modeling are enabling the development of powerful techniques to infer connectivity networks for transboundary pathogens in ways that were not previously possible. The innovations are supported by improved access to historical and near real-time highly resolved weather data, multi-country disease surveillance data, and enhanced computing power. Using wheat rusts as an exemplar, we introduce a flexible modeling framework to identify characteristic pathways for long-distance spore dispersal within countries and beyond national borders. We show how the models are used for near real-time early warning systems to support smallholder farmers in East Africa and South Asia. Wheat rust pathogens are ideal exemplars because they continue to pose threats to food security, especially in regions of the world where resources for control are limited. The risks are exacerbated by the rapid appearance and spread of new pathogenic strains, prodigious spore production, and long-distance dispersal for transboundary and pandemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Gilligan
- Epidemiology and Modelling Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
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4
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Yoshioka M, Shibata M, Morita K, Islam MT, Fujita M, Hatta K, Tougou M, Tosa Y, Asuke S. Breeding of a Near-Isogenic Wheat Line Resistant to Wheat Blast at Both Seedling and Heading Stages Through Incorporation of Rmg8. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1843-1850. [PMID: 38776064 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-23-0234-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Wheat blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) has been transmitted from South America to Bangladesh and Zambia and is now spreading in these countries. To prepare against its further spread to Asian countries, we introduced Rmg8, a gene for resistance to wheat blast, into a Japanese elite cultivar, Chikugoizumi (ChI), through recurrent backcrosses and established ChI near-isogenic lines, #2-1-10 with the Rmg8/Rmg8 genotype and #4-2-10 with the rmg8/rmg8 genotype. A molecular analysis suggested that at least 96.6% of the #2-1-10 genome was derived from the recurrent parent ChI. The #2-1-10 line was resistant to MoT not only in primary leaves at the seedling stage but also in spikes and flag leaves at the heading stage. The strength of the resistance in spikes of this Rmg8 carrier was comparable to that of a carrier of the 2NS segment, which has been the only genetic resource released to farmers' fields for wheat blast resistance. On the other hand, the 2NS resistance was not expressed on leaves at the seedling stage nor flag leaves at the heading stage. Considering that leaf blast has been increasingly reported and regarded as an important inoculum source for spike blast, Rmg8 expressed at both the seedling and heading stages, or more strictly in both leaves and spikes, is suggested to be useful to prevent the spread of MoT in Asia and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mai Shibata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Morita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Thoihidul Islam
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Fujita
- The Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Koichi Hatta
- The Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Makoto Tougou
- The Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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5
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Islam MT, Nago C, Yoshioka M, Vy TTP, Tosa Y, Asuke S. Identification of Rmg11 in Tetraploid Wheat as a New Blast Resistance Gene with Tolerance to High Temperature. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1878-1883. [PMID: 38723149 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-24-0074-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Wheat blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum has spread to Asia (Bangladesh) and Africa (Zambia) from the endemic region of South America. Wheat varieties with durable resistance are needed, but very limited resistance resources are currently available. After screening tetraploid wheat accessions, we found an exceptional accession St19 (Triticum dicoccum, KU-114). Primary leaves of St19 were resistant not only to Brazilian isolate Br48 (a carrier of Type eI of AVR-Rmg8) but also to Br48ΔA8, an AVR-Rmg8 disruptant of Br48, even at 30°C, suggesting that the resistance of St19 is tolerant to high temperature and controlled by a gene or genes other than Rmg8. When an F2 population derived from a cross between St19 and St30 (a susceptible accession of T. paleocolchicum, KU-191) was inoculated with Br48, resistant and susceptible seedlings segregated in a 3:1 ratio, indicating that resistance of St19 is conferred by a single gene. We designated this gene Rmg11. Molecular mapping revealed that the RMG11 locus is located on the short arm of chromosome 7A. Rmg11 is effective not only against other two Brazilian isolates (Br5 and Br116.5) but also against Bangladeshi isolates (T-108 and T-109) at the seedling stage. At the heading stage, lines containing Rmg11 were highly susceptible to the Bangladeshi isolates but moderately resistant to the Brazilian isolates. Stacking of Rmg11 with Rmg8 and the 2NS segment is highly recommended to achieve durable wheat blast resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thoihidul Islam
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Nago
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Trinh Thi Phuong Vy
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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6
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Zdrzałek R, Xi Y, Langner T, Bentham AR, Petit-Houdenot Y, De la Concepcion JC, Harant A, Shimizu M, Were V, Talbot NJ, Terauchi R, Kamoun S, Banfield MJ. Bioengineering a plant NLR immune receptor with a robust binding interface toward a conserved fungal pathogen effector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402872121. [PMID: 38968126 PMCID: PMC11252911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402872121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat of plant pathogens to global food security. However, current approaches are limited by rapid evolution of plant pathogens in the field and may lack durability when deployed. Here, we show that the rice nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor Pik-1 can be engineered to respond to a conserved family of effectors from the multihost blast fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. We switched the effector binding and response profile of the Pik NLR from its cognate rice blast effector AVR-Pik to the host-determining factor pathogenicity toward weeping lovegrass 2 (Pwl2) by installing a putative host target, OsHIPP43, in place of the native integrated heavy metal-associated domain (generating Pikm-1OsHIPP43). This chimeric receptor also responded to other PWL alleles from diverse blast isolates. The crystal structure of the Pwl2/OsHIPP43 complex revealed a multifaceted, robust interface that cannot be easily disrupted by mutagenesis, and may therefore provide durable, broad resistance to blast isolates carrying PWL effectors in the field. Our findings highlight how the host targets of pathogen effectors can be used to bioengineer recognition specificities that have more robust properties compared to naturally evolved disease resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Zdrzałek
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Yuxuan Xi
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Langner
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Adam R. Bentham
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juan Carlos De la Concepcion
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Adeline Harant
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Motoki Shimizu
- Division of Genomics and Breeding, Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate024-0003, Japan
| | - Vincent Were
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Division of Genomics and Breeding, Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate024-0003, Japan
- Laboratory of Crop Evolution, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Banfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, NorwichNR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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7
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Vy TTP, Inoue Y, Asuke S, Chuma I, Nakayashiki H, Tosa Y. The ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster is a pathogenicity factor of wheat blast fungus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:812. [PMID: 38965407 PMCID: PMC11224330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum is now becoming a very serious threat to global food security. Here, we report an essential pathogenicity factor of the wheat blast fungus that is recognized and may be targeted by a rice resistance gene. Map-based cloning of Pwt2 showed that its functional allele is the ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster of the wheat blast fungus required for its efficient penetration of wheat cell walls. ACE1 is required for the strong aggressiveness of Triticum, Eleusine, and Lolium pathotypes on their respective hosts, but not for that of Oryza and Setaria pathotypes on rice and foxtail millet, respectively. All ACE1 alleles found in wheat blast population are recognized by a rice resistance gene, Pi33, when introduced into rice blast isolates. ACE1 mutations for evading the recognition by Pi33 do not affect the aggressiveness of the rice blast fungus on rice but inevitably impair the aggressiveness of the wheat blast fungus on wheat. These results suggest that a blast resistance gene already defeated in rice may be revived as a durable resistance gene in wheat by targeting an Achilles heel of the wheat blast fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh T P Vy
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Chuma
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayashiki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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8
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De Cól M, Coelho M, Del Ponte EM. Weather-Based Logistic Regression Models for Predicting Wheat Head Blast Epidemics. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2206-2213. [PMID: 38549278 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2513-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Wheat head blast is a major disease of wheat in the Brazilian Cerrado. Empirical models for predicting epidemics were developed using data from field trials conducted in Patos de Minas (2013 to 2019) and trials conducted across 10 other sites (2012 to 2020) in Brazil, resulting in 143 epidemics, with each being classified as either outbreak (≥20% head blast incidence) or nonoutbreak. Daily weather variables were collected from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) website and summarized for each epidemic. Wheat heading date (WHD) served to define four time windows, with each comprising two 7-day intervals (before and after WHD), which combined with weather-based variables resulted in 36 predictors (nine weather variables × four windows). Logistic regression models were fitted to binary data, with variable selection using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and sequentially best subset analyses. The models were validated using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) technique, and their statistical performance was compared. One model was selected, implemented in a 24-year series, and assessed by experts and literature. Models with two to five predictors showed accuracies between 0.80 and 0.85, sensitivities from 0.80 to 0.91, specificities from 0.72 to 0.86, and area under the curve (AUC) from 0.89 to 0.91. The accuracy of LOOCV ranged from 0.76 to 0.81. The model applied to a historical series included temperature and relative humidity in preheading date, as well as postheading precipitation. The model accurately predicted the occurrence of outbreaks, aligning closely with real-world observations, specifically tailored for locations with tropical and subtropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa De Cól
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Coelho
- Campo Experimental de Sertãozinho - Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Patos de Minas, MG 38700-970, Brazil
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa MG 36570-900, Brazil
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9
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Islam T, Azad RB. Rmg8 gene against wheat blast. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:836-837. [PMID: 38898163 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
| | - Rojana Binte Azad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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10
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O'Hara T, Steed A, Goddard R, Gaurav K, Arora S, Quiroz-Chávez J, Ramírez-González R, Badgami R, Gilbert D, Sánchez-Martín J, Wingen L, Feng C, Jiang M, Cheng S, Dreisigacker S, Keller B, Wulff BBH, Uauy C, Nicholson P. The wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4 also confers resistance to wheat blast. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:984-993. [PMID: 38898165 PMCID: PMC11208137 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Wheat blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens global cereal production since its emergence in Brazil in 1985 and recently spread to Bangladesh and Zambia. Here we demonstrate that the AVR-Rmg8 effector, common in wheat-infecting isolates, is recognized by the gene Pm4, previously shown to confer resistance to specific races of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the cause of powdery mildew of wheat. We show that Pm4 alleles differ in their recognition of different AVR-Rmg8 alleles, and some confer resistance only in seedling leaves but not spikes, making it important to select for those alleles that function in both tissues. This study has identified a gene recognizing an important virulence factor present in wheat blast isolates in Bangladesh and Zambia and represents an important first step towards developing durably resistant wheat cultivars for these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O'Hara
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Steed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Kumar Gaurav
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Gilbert
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Agricultural Research Center (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luzie Wingen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Cong Feng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Desert Agriculture, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Asuke S, Morita K, Shimizu M, Abe F, Terauchi R, Nago C, Takahashi Y, Shibata M, Yoshioka M, Iwakawa M, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Su Z, Nasuda S, Handa H, Fujita M, Tougou M, Hatta K, Mori N, Matsuoka Y, Kato K, Tosa Y. Evolution of wheat blast resistance gene Rmg8 accompanied by differentiation of variants recognizing the powdery mildew fungus. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:971-983. [PMID: 38898164 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Wheat blast, a devastating disease having spread recently from South America to Asia and Africa, is caused by Pyricularia oryzae (synonym of Magnaporthe oryzae) pathotype Triticum, which first emerged in Brazil in 1985. Rmg8 and Rmg7, genes for resistance to wheat blast found in common wheat and tetraploid wheat, respectively, recognize the same avirulence gene, AVR-Rmg8. Here we show that an ancestral resistance gene, which had obtained an ability to recognize AVR-Rmg8 before the differentiation of Triticum and Aegilops, has expanded its target pathogens. Molecular cloning revealed that Rmg7 was an allele of Pm4, a gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew on 2AL, whereas Rmg8 was its homoeologue on 2BL ineffective against wheat powdery mildew. Rmg8 variants with the ability to recognize AVR-Rmg8 were distributed not only in Triticum spp. but also in Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops umbellulata and Aegilops comosa. This result suggests that the origin of resistance gene(s) recognizing AVR-Rmg8 dates back to the time before differentiation of A, B, S, U and M genomes, that is, ~5 Myr before the emergence of its current target, the wheat blast fungus. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that, in the evolutionary process thereafter, some of their variants gained the ability to recognize the wheat powdery mildew fungus and evolved into genes controlling dual resistance to wheat powdery mildew and wheat blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Morita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Fumitaka Abe
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Centre, Kitakami, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chika Nago
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshino Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mai Shibata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mizuki Iwakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhuo Su
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nasuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Handa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Fujita
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Tougou
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichi Hatta
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kato
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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12
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Surovy MZ, Dutta S, Mahmud NU, Gupta DR, Farhana T, Paul SK, Win J, Dunlap C, Oliva R, Rahman M, Sharpe AG, Islam T. Biological control potential of worrisome wheat blast disease by the seed endophytic bacilli. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1336515. [PMID: 38529179 PMCID: PMC10961374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Crop production often faces challenges from plant diseases, and biological control emerges as an effective, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to chemical control. Wheat blast disease caused by fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT), is a potential catastrophic threat to global food security. This study aimed to identify potential bacterial isolates from rice and wheat seeds with inhibitory effects against MoT. In dual culture and seedling assays, three bacterial isolates (BTS-3, BTS-4, and BTLK6A) demonstrated effective suppression of MoT growth and reduced wheat blast severity when artificially inoculated at the seedling stage. Genome phylogeny identified these isolates as Bacillus subtilis (BTS-3) and B. velezensis (BTS-4 and BTLK6A). Whole-genome analysis revealed the presence of genes responsible for controlling MoT through antimicrobial defense, antioxidant defense, cell wall degradation, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Taken together, our results suggest that the suppression of wheat blast disease by seed endophytic B. subtilis (BTS-3) and B. velezensis (BTS-4 and BTLK6A) is liked with antibiosis and induced systemic resistance to wheat plants. A further field validation is needed before recommending these endophytic bacteria for biological control of wheat blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musrat Zahan Surovy
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Dutta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Tarin Farhana
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjay Kumar Paul
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Joe Win
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Peoria, IL, United States
| | | | - Mahfuzur Rahman
- W.V.U. Extension Service, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | | | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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13
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Liu S, Lin G, Ramachandran SR, Daza LC, Cruppe G, Tembo B, Singh PK, Cook D, Pedley KF, Valent B. Rapid mini-chromosome divergence among fungal isolates causing wheat blast outbreaks in Bangladesh and Zambia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1266-1276. [PMID: 37984076 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype, causing wheat blast disease was first identified in South America and recently spread across continents to South Asia and Africa. Here, we studied the genetic relationship among isolates found on the three continents. Magnaporthe oryzae strains closely related to a South American field isolate B71 were found to have caused the wheat blast outbreaks in South Asia and Africa. Genomic variation among isolates from the three continents was examined using an improved B71 reference genome and whole-genome sequences. We found strong evidence to support that the outbreaks in Bangladesh and Zambia were caused by the introductions of genetically separated isolates, although they were all close to B71 and, therefore, collectively referred to as the B71 branch. In addition, B71 branch strains carried at least one supernumerary mini-chromosome. Genome assembly of a Zambian strain revealed that its mini-chromosome was similar to the B71 mini-chromosome but with a high level of structural variation. Our findings show that while core genomes of the multiple introductions are highly similar, the mini-chromosomes have undergone marked diversification. The maintenance of the mini-chromosome and rapid genomic changes suggest the mini-chromosomes may serve important virulence or niche adaptation roles under diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Guifang Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Sowmya R Ramachandran
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD, 21702-9253, USA
| | - Lidia Calderon Daza
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Giovana Cruppe
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Batiseba Tembo
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Mt. Makulu Central Research Station, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, 56237, Mexico
| | - David Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Kerry F Pedley
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD, 21702-9253, USA
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
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14
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Ascari JP, Cazón LI, Rahnama M, Lamour K, Fernandes JMC, Farman ML, Ponte EMD. Pyricularia Are Mostly Host-Specialized with Limited Reciprocal Cross-Infection Between Wheat and Endemic Grasses in Minas Gerais, Brazil. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:226-240. [PMID: 37399001 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0024-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Triticum (PoT), is an emerging threat to global wheat production. The current understanding of the population biology of the pathogen and epidemiology of the disease has been based on phylogenomic studies that compared the wheat blast pathogen with isolates collected from grasses that were invasive to Brazilian wheat fields. In this study, we performed a comprehensive sampling of blast lesions in wheat crops and endemic grasses found in and away from wheat fields in Minas Gerais. A total of 1,368 diseased samples were collected (976 leaves of wheat and grasses and 392 wheat heads), which yielded a working collection of 564 Pyricularia isolates. We show that, contrary to earlier implications, PoT was rarely found on endemic grasses, and, conversely, members of grass-adapted lineages were rarely found on wheat. Instead, most lineages were host-specialized, with constituent isolates usually grouping according to their host of origin. With regard to the dominant role proposed for signalgrass in wheat blast epidemiology, we found only one PoT member in 67 isolates collected from signalgrass grown away from wheat fields and only three members of Urochloa-adapted lineages among hundreds of isolates from wheat. Cross-inoculation assays on wheat and a signalgrass used in pastures (U. brizantha) suggested that the limited cross-infection observed in the field may be due to innate compatibility differences. Whether or not the observed level of cross-infection would be sufficient to provide an inoculum reservoir, or serve as a bridge between wheat growing regions, is questionable and, therefore, deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Ascari
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luis I Cazón
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mostafa Rahnama
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 38501, U.S.A
| | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | | | - Mark L Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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15
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Farman ML, Ascari JP, Rahnama M, Ponte EMD, Pedley KF, Martinez S, Fernandes JMC, Valent B. A Reevaluation of Phylogenomic Data Reveals that Current Understanding in Wheat Blast Population Biology and Epidemiology Is Obfuscated by Oversights in Population Sampling. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:220-225. [PMID: 37486092 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0025-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast, caused by the Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoT), first emerged in Brazil and quickly spread to neighboring countries. Its recent appearance in Bangladesh and Zambia highlights a need to understand the disease's population biology and epidemiology so as to mitigate pandemic outbreaks. Current knowledge is mostly based on characterizations of Brazilian wheat blast isolates and comparison with isolates from non-wheat, endemic grasses. These foregoing studies concluded that the wheat blast population lacks host specificity and, as a result, undergoes extensive gene flow with populations infecting non-wheat hosts. Additionally, based on genetic similarity between wheat blast and isolates infecting Urochloa species, it was proposed that the disease originally emerged via a host jump from this grass and that Urochloa likely plays a central role in wheat blast epidemiology owing to its widespread use as a pasture grass. However, due to inconsistencies with broader phylogenetic studies, we suspected that these seminal studies had not actually sampled the populations normally found on endemic grasses and, instead, had repeatedly isolated members of PoT and the related Lolium pathogen lineage (PoL1). Re-analysis of the Brazilian data as part of a comprehensive, global, phylogenomic dataset that included a small number of South American isolates sampled away from wheat confirmed our suspicion and identified four new P. oryzae lineages on grass hosts. As a result, the conclusions underpinning current understanding in wheat blast's evolution, population biology, and epidemiology are unsubstantiated and could be equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Joao P Ascari
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mostafa Rahnama
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Kerry F Pedley
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, U.S.A
| | - Sebastián Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Treinta y Tres, 33000 Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | | | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
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16
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Rahnama M, Condon B, Ascari JP, Dupuis JR, Del Ponte EM, Pedley KF, Martinez S, Valent B, Farman ML. Recent co-evolution of two pandemic plant diseases in a multi-hybrid swarm. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:2055-2066. [PMID: 37945944 PMCID: PMC10697843 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Most plant pathogens exhibit host specificity but when former barriers to infection break down, new diseases can rapidly emerge. For a number of fungal diseases, there is increasing evidence that hybridization plays a major role in driving host jumps. However, the relative contributions of existing variation versus new mutations in adapting to new host(s) is unclear. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of two recently emerged populations of the fungus Pyricularia oryzae that are responsible for two new plant diseases: wheat blast and grey leaf spot of ryegrasses. We provide evidence that wheat blast/grey leaf spot evolved through two distinct mating episodes: the first occurred ~60 years ago, when a fungal individual adapted to Eleusine mated with another individual from Urochloa. Then, about 10 years later, a single progeny from this cross underwent a series of matings with a small number of individuals from three additional host-specialized populations. These matings introduced non-functional alleles of two key host-specificity factors, whose recombination in a multi-hybrid swarm probably facilitated the host jump. We show that very few mutations have arisen since the founding event and a majority are private to individual isolates. Thus, adaptation to the wheat or Lolium hosts appears to have been instantaneous, and driven entirely by selection on repartitioned standing variation, with no obvious role for newly formed mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Rahnama
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Biology, Tennesse Tech University, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Bradford Condon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - João P Ascari
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Julian R Dupuis
- Department of Entomology S-225 Agricultural Science Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Kerry F Pedley
- USDA/ARS/Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sebastián Martinez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark L Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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17
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Asuke S, Horie A, Komatsu K, Mori R, Vy TTP, Inoue Y, Jiang Y, Tatematsu Y, Shimizu M, Tosa Y. Loss of PWT7, Located on a Supernumerary Chromosome, Is Associated with Parasitic Specialization of Pyricularia oryzae on Wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:716-725. [PMID: 37432132 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-23-0078-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyricularia oryzae, a blast fungus of gramineous plants, is composed of various host genus-specific pathotypes. The avirulence of an Avena isolate on wheat is conditioned by PWT3 and PWT4. We isolated the third avirulence gene from the Avena isolate and designated it as PWT7. PWT7 was effective as an avirulence gene only at the seedling stage or on leaves. PWT7 homologs were widely distributed in a subpopulation of the Eleusine pathotype and the Lolium pathotype but completely absent in the Triticum pathotype (the wheat blast fungus). The PWT7 homolog found in the Eleusine pathotype was one of the five genes involved in its avirulence on wheat. A comparative analysis of distribution of PWT7 and the other two genes previously identified in the Eleusine pathotype suggested that, in the course of parasitic specialization toward the wheat blast fungus, a common ancestor of the Eleusine, Lolium, Avena, and Triticum pathotypes first lost PWT6, secondly PWT7, and, finally, the function of PWT3. PWT7 or its homologs were located on core chromosomes in Setaria and Eleusine isolates but on supernumerary chromosomes in Lolium and Avena isolates. This is an example of interchromosomal translocations of effector genes between core and supernumerary chromosomes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Horie
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Komatsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Mori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Trinh Thi Phuong Vy
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yushan Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuna Tatematsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Motoki Shimizu
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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18
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Kobayashi N, Dang TA, Pham KTM, Gómez Luciano LB, Van Vu B, Izumitsu K, Shimizu M, Ikeda KI, Li WH, Nakayashiki H. Horizontally Transferred DNA in the Genome of the Fungus Pyricularia oryzae is Associated With Repressive Histone Modifications. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad186. [PMID: 37595132 PMCID: PMC10473863 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a means of exchanging genetic material asexually. The process by which horizontally transferred genes are domesticated by the host genome is of great interest but is not well understood. In this study, we determined the telomere-to-telomere genome sequence of the wheat-infecting Pyricularia oryzae strain Br48. SNP analysis indicated that the Br48 strain is a hybrid of wheat- and Brachiaria-infecting strains by a sexual or parasexual cross. Comparative genomic analysis identified several megabase-scale "insertions" in the Br48 genome, some of which were possibly gained by HGT-related events from related species, such as P. pennisetigena or P. grisea. Notably, the mega-insertions often contained genes whose phylogeny is not congruent with the species phylogeny. Moreover, some of the genes have a close homolog even in distantly related organisms, such as basidiomycetes or prokaryotes, implying the involvement of multiple HGT events. Interestingly, the levels of the silent epigenetic marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in a genomic region tended to be negatively correlated with the phylogenetic concordance of genes in the same region, suggesting that horizontally transferred DNA is preferentially targeted for epigenetic silencing. Indeed, the putative HGT-derived genes were activated when MoKmt6, the gene responsible for H3K27me3 modification, was deleted. Notably, these genes also tended to be up-regulated during infection, suggesting that they are now under host control and have contributed to establishing a fungal niche. In conclusion, this study suggests that epigenetic modifications have played an important role in the domestication of HGT-derived genes in the P. oryzae genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Thach An Dang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kieu Thi Minh Pham
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis B Gómez Luciano
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ba Van Vu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kosuke Izumitsu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Motoki Shimizu
- Department of Genomics and Breeding, Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Surovy MZ, Rahman S, Rostás M, Islam T, von Tiedemann A. Suppressive Effects of Volatile Compounds from Bacillus spp. on Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) Pathotype, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1291. [PMID: 37317265 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is the causal agent of wheat blast, which has caused significant economic losses and threatens wheat production in South America, Asia, and Africa. Three bacterial strains from rice and wheat seeds (B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) were used to explore the antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Bacillus spp. as a potential biocontrol mechanism against MoT. All bacterial treatments significantly inhibited both the mycelial growth and sporulation of MoT in vitro. We found that this inhibition was caused by Bacillus VOCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, biocontrol assays using detached wheat leaves infected with MoT showed reduced leaf lesions and sporulation compared to the untreated control. VOCs from B. velezensis BTS-4 alone or a consortium (mixture of B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) of treatments consistently suppressed MoT in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the untreated control, VOCs from BTS-4 and the Bacillus consortium reduced MoT lesions in vivo by 85% and 81.25%, respectively. A total of thirty-nine VOCs (from nine different VOC groups) from four Bacillus treatments were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), of which 11 were produced in all Bacillus treatments. Alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, and S-containing compounds were detected in all four bacterial treatments. In vitro assays using pure VOCs revealed that hexanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and phenylethyl alcohol are potential VOCs emitted by Bacillus spp. that are suppressive for MoT. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for MoT sporulation were 250 mM for phenylethyl alcohol and 500 mM for 2-methylbutanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Therefore, our results indicate that VOCs from Bacillus spp. are effective compounds to suppress the growth and sporulation of MoT. Understanding the MoT sporulation reduction mechanisms exerted by Bacillus VOCs may provide novel options to manage the further spread of wheat blast by spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musrat Zahan Surovy
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shahinoor Rahman
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Rostás
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Andreas von Tiedemann
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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20
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Watts D, Palombo EA, Jaimes Castillo A, Zaferanloo B. Endophytes in Agriculture: Potential to Improve Yields and Tolerances of Agricultural Crops. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1276. [PMID: 37317250 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi and bacteria live asymptomatically within plant tissues. In recent decades, research on endophytes has revealed that their significant role in promoting plants as endophytes has been shown to enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and disease resistance in the host plants, resulting in improved crop yields. Evidence shows that endophytes can provide improved tolerances to salinity, moisture, and drought conditions, highlighting the capacity to farm them in marginal land with the use of endophyte-based strategies. Furthermore, endophytes offer a sustainable alternative to traditional agricultural practices, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and in turn reducing the risks associated with chemical treatments. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on endophytes in agriculture, highlighting their potential as a sustainable solution for improving crop productivity and general plant health. This review outlines key nutrient, environmental, and biotic stressors, providing examples of endophytes mitigating the effects of stress. We also discuss the challenges associated with the use of endophytes in agriculture and the need for further research to fully realise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Watts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Alex Jaimes Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Bita Zaferanloo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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21
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Al Mamun Khan MA, Ahsan A, Khan MA, Sanjana JM, Biswas S, Saleh MA, Gupta DR, Hoque MN, Sakif TI, Rahman MM, Islam T. In-silico prediction of highly promising natural fungicides against the destructive blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15113. [PMID: 37123971 PMCID: PMC10130775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae causes destructive blast disease in more than 50 species of the major cereal crops rice, wheat and maize and destroys food of millions of people worldwide. Application of synthetic chemical fungicides are environmentally hazardous and unreliable in controlling M. oryzae. Conversely, naturally occurring biofungicides with multiple modes of actions are needed to be discovered for combatting the blast fungus. To find the effective biofungicides, we performed molecular docking study of some potential antifungal natural compounds targeting two proteins including a single-stranded DNA binding protein MoSub1 (4AGH), and an effector protein AVR-Pik (5E9G) of M. oryzae that regulates transcription in fungus and/or suppresses the host cell immunity. The thirty-nine natural compounds previously shown to inhibit M. oryzae growth and reproduction were put under molecular docking against these two proteins followed by simulation, free energy, and interaction analysis of protein-ligand complexes. The virtual screening revealed that two alkaloidal metabolites, camptothecin and GKK1032A2 showed excellent binding energy with any of these target proteins compared to reference commercial fungicides, azoxystrobin and strobilurin. Of the detected compounds, GKK1032A2 bound to both target proteins of M. oryzae. Both compounds showed excellent bioactivity scores as compared to the reference fungicides. Results of our computational biological study suggest that both camptothecin and GKK1032A2 are potential fungicides that could also be considered as lead compounds to design novel fungicides against the blast fungus. Furthermore, the GKK1032A2 acted as a multi-site mode of action fungicide against M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Mamun Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahsan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh
- Bio-Bio-1 Bioinformatics Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Maowa Sanjana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Suvro Biswas
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Saleh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, BSMRAU, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Tahsin Islam Sakif
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6109, USA
| | - Md Masuder Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author. Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
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22
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Latorre SM, Were VM, Foster AJ, Langner T, Malmgren A, Harant A, Asuke S, Reyes-Avila S, Gupta DR, Jensen C, Ma W, Mahmud NU, Mehebub MS, Mulenga RM, Muzahid ANM, Paul SK, Rabby SMF, Rahat AAM, Ryder L, Shrestha RK, Sichilima S, Soanes DM, Singh PK, Bentley AR, Saunders DGO, Tosa Y, Croll D, Lamour KH, Islam T, Tembo B, Win J, Talbot NJ, Burbano HA, Kamoun S. Genomic surveillance uncovers a pandemic clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002052. [PMID: 37040332 PMCID: PMC10089362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat, one of the most important food crops, is threatened by a blast disease pandemic. Here, we show that a clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus recently spread to Asia and Africa following two independent introductions from South America. Through a combination of genome analyses and laboratory experiments, we show that the decade-old blast pandemic lineage can be controlled by the Rmg8 disease resistance gene and is sensitive to strobilurin fungicides. However, we also highlight the potential of the pandemic clone to evolve fungicide-insensitive variants and sexually recombine with African lineages. This underscores the urgent need for genomic surveillance to track and mitigate the spread of wheat blast outside of South America and to guide preemptive wheat breeding for blast resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M. Latorre
- Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent M. Were
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Foster
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Langner
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Malmgren
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Adeline Harant
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sarai Reyes-Avila
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Cassandra Jensen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Weibin Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shabab Mehebub
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Rabson M. Mulenga
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Mt. Makulu Central Research Station, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Abu Naim Md. Muzahid
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Paul
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Fajle Rabby
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mahbub Rahat
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Lauren Ryder
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ram-Krishna Shrestha
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Suwilanji Sichilima
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Mt. Makulu Central Research Station, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Darren M. Soanes
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Alison R. Bentley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt H. Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Batiseba Tembo
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Mt. Makulu Central Research Station, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joe Win
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hernán A. Burbano
- Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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23
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Latorre SM, Were VM, Foster AJ, Langner T, Malmgren A, Harant A, Asuke S, Reyes-Avila S, Gupta DR, Jensen C, Ma W, Mahmud NU, Mehebub MS, Mulenga RM, Muzahid ANM, Paul SK, Rabby SMF, Rahat AAM, Ryder L, Shrestha RK, Sichilima S, Soanes DM, Singh PK, Bentley AR, Saunders DGO, Tosa Y, Croll D, Lamour KH, Islam T, Tembo B, Win J, Talbot NJ, Burbano HA, Kamoun S. Genomic surveillance uncovers a pandemic clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002052. [PMID: 37040332 DOI: 10.1101/2022.06.06.494979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat, one of the most important food crops, is threatened by a blast disease pandemic. Here, we show that a clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus recently spread to Asia and Africa following two independent introductions from South America. Through a combination of genome analyses and laboratory experiments, we show that the decade-old blast pandemic lineage can be controlled by the Rmg8 disease resistance gene and is sensitive to strobilurin fungicides. However, we also highlight the potential of the pandemic clone to evolve fungicide-insensitive variants and sexually recombine with African lineages. This underscores the urgent need for genomic surveillance to track and mitigate the spread of wheat blast outside of South America and to guide preemptive wheat breeding for blast resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Latorre
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent M Were
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Foster
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Langner
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Malmgren
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Adeline Harant
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sarai Reyes-Avila
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Cassandra Jensen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Weibin Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shåbab Mehebub
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Rabson M Mulenga
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Mt. Makulu Central Research Station, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Abu Naim Md Muzahid
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Paul
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - S M Fajle Rabby
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mahbub Rahat
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Lauren Ryder
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ram-Krishna Shrestha
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Suwilanji Sichilima
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Mt. Makulu Central Research Station, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Darren M Soanes
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Alison R Bentley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt H Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Batiseba Tembo
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Mt. Makulu Central Research Station, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joe Win
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hernán A Burbano
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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24
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Rosa SB, Humphreys G, Langille L, Voldeng H, Henriquez MA, Burt AJ, Randhawa HS, Fetch T, Hiebert CW, Blackwell B, Zegeye T, Cummiskey A, Fortier E, Scheeren PL, Turra C, McCallum B. Characterization of Brazilian spring wheat germplasm and its potential for increasing wheat genetic diversity in Canada. Front Genet 2023; 14:1125940. [PMID: 37007938 PMCID: PMC10063806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present era of climate instability, Canadian wheat production has been frequently affected by abiotic stresses and by dynamic populations of pathogens and pests that are more virulent and aggressive over time. Genetic diversity is fundamental to guarantee sustainable and improved wheat production. In the past, the genetics of Brazilian cultivars, such as Frontana, have been studied by Canadian researchers and consequently, Brazilian germplasm has been used to breed Canadian wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to characterize a collection of Brazilian germplasm under Canadian growing conditions, including the reaction of the Brazilian germplasm to Canadian isolates/pathogens and to predict the presence of certain genes in an effort to increase genetic diversity, improve genetic gain and resilience of Canadian wheat. Over 100 Brazilian hard red spring wheat cultivars released from 1986 to 2016 were evaluated for their agronomic performance in eastern Canada. Some cultivars showed good adaptability, with several cultivars being superior or statistically equal to the highest yielding Canadian checks. Several Brazilian cultivars had excellent resistance to leaf rust, even though only a few of these tested positive for the presence of either Lr34 or Lr16, two of the most common resistance genes in Canadian wheat. Resistance for stem rust, stripe rust and powdery mildew was variable among the Brazilian cultivars. However, many Brazilian cultivars had high levels of resistance to Canadian and African - Ug99 strains of stem rust. Many Brazilian cultivars had good Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, which appears to be derived from Frontana. In contrast FHB resistance in Canadian wheat is largely based on the Chinese variety, Sumai-3. The Brazilian germplasm is a valuable source of semi-dwarf (Rht) genes, and 75% of the Brazilian collection possessed Rht-B1b. Many cultivars in the Brazilian collection were found to be genetically distinct from Canadian wheat, making them a valuable resource to increase the disease resistance and genetic variability in Canada and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barcellos Rosa
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Silvia Barcellos Rosa,
| | - Gavin Humphreys
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Langille
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harvey Voldeng
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew James Burt
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harpinder Singh Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tom Fetch
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Colin W. Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Barbara Blackwell
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taye Zegeye
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Allan Cummiskey
- Charlottetown Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Eric Fortier
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM), Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Luiz Scheeren
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA) Trigo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Camila Turra
- OR Melhoramento de Sementes, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Brent McCallum
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
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25
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Arora S, Steed A, Goddard R, Gaurav K, O'Hara T, Schoen A, Rawat N, Elkot AF, Korolev AV, Chinoy C, Nicholson MH, Asuke S, Antoniou-Kourounioti R, Steuernagel B, Yu G, Awal R, Forner-Martínez M, Wingen L, Baggs E, Clarke J, Saunders DGO, Krasileva KV, Tosa Y, Jones JDG, Tiwari VK, Wulff BBH, Nicholson P. A wheat kinase and immune receptor form host-specificity barriers against the blast fungus. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:385-392. [PMID: 36797350 PMCID: PMC10027608 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Since emerging in Brazil in 1985, wheat blast has spread throughout South America and recently appeared in Bangladesh and Zambia. Here we show that two wheat resistance genes, Rwt3 and Rwt4, acting as host-specificity barriers against non-Triticum blast pathotypes encode a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptor and a tandem kinase, respectively. Molecular isolation of these genes will enable study of the molecular interaction between pathogen effector and host resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Steed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Goddard
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Limagrain UK Ltd, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tom O'Hara
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Adam Schoen
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed F Elkot
- Wheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rea Antoniou-Kourounioti
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Guotai Yu
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajani Awal
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Luzie Wingen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Erin Baggs
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ksenia V Krasileva
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Martinez-D’Alto A, Yan X, Detomasi TC, Sayler RI, Thomas WC, Talbot NJ, Marletta MA. Characterization of a unique polysaccharide monooxygenase from the plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215426120. [PMID: 36791100 PMCID: PMC9974505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215426120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast disease in cereal plants is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and accounts for a significant loss in food crops. At the outset of infection, expression of a putative polysaccharide monooxygenase (MoPMO9A) is increased. MoPMO9A contains a catalytic domain predicted to act on cellulose and a carbohydrate-binding domain that binds chitin. A sequence similarity network of the MoPMO9A family AA9 showed that 220 of the 223 sequences in the MoPMO9A-containing cluster of sequences have a conserved unannotated region with no assigned function. Expression and purification of the full length and two MoPMO9A truncations, one containing the catalytic domain and the domain of unknown function (DUF) and one with only the catalytic domain, were carried out. In contrast to other AA9 polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs), MoPMO9A is not active on cellulose but showed activity on cereal-derived mixed (1→3, 1→4)-β-D-glucans (MBG). Moreover, the DUF is required for activity. MoPMO9A exhibits activity consistent with C4 oxidation of the polysaccharide and can utilize either oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as a cosubstrate. It contains a predicted 3-dimensional fold characteristic of other PMOs. The DUF is predicted to form a coiled-coil with six absolutely conserved cysteines acting as a zipper between the two α-helices. MoPMO9A substrate specificity and domain architecture are different from previously characterized AA9 PMOs. The results, including a gene ontology analysis, support a role for MoPMO9A in MBG degradation during plant infection. Consistent with this analysis, deletion of MoPMO9A results in reduced pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Yan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tyler C. Detomasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Richard I. Sayler
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - William C. Thomas
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Nicholas J. Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7UH, UK
| | - Michael A. Marletta
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
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27
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Surovy MZ, Islam T, von Tiedemann A. Role of seed infection for the near and far distance dissemination of wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1040605. [PMID: 36819053 PMCID: PMC9929367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is a devastating fungal phytopathogen causing wheat blast disease which threatens wheat production particularly in warmer climate zones. Effective disease control is hampered by the limited knowledge on the life cycle, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of MoT. Since MoT mainly infects and colonizes the inflorescences of wheat, infection, invasion routes and colonization of MoT on wheat ears and in wheat seeds were investigated in order to assess potential seed transmission pathways. MoT was spray inoculated on two wheat cultivars (Sumai 3, susceptible and Milan, resistant) at three ear maturity stages [full ear emergence, growth stage (GS) 59; mid flowering, GS 65; and end of flowering, GS 69]. Incidence of MoT on Sumai 3 seeds was 100% and 20-25% on Milan. MoT sporulation rate on Sumai 3 contaminated seeds was more than 15 times higher than on Milan. Repeated washes of seed samples for removing paraffin fixation hampers seed microscopy. To overcome the damage of seed samples, we used hand-sectioned seed samples instead of paraffin-fixed microtome samples to facilitate microscopy. The colonization of MoT within various seed tissues was followed by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Invasion of MoT in seeds predominantly occurred in the caryopsis germ region, but entry via other seed parts was also observed, confirming the potential of intense colonization of MoT in wheat grains. Fungal spread in wheat plants growing from MoT infected seeds was monitored through plating, microscopic and molecular techniques. Under greenhouse conditions, no spread of MoT from infected seeds to seedlings later than GS 21 or to ears was detected, neither in Milan nor in Sumai 3. We therefore conclude, that MoT may not systemically contaminate inflorescences and seeds in neither susceptible nor resistant wheat cultivars. However, initial blast symptoms, only found on seedlings of Sumai 3 but not Milan, resulted in the formation of new conidia, which may serve as inoculum source for plant-to-plant dissemination by airborne infection of plant stands in the field (short distance spread). Ultimately the inoculum may infect young inflorescences in the field and contaminate seeds. Our findings again stress the risk of long-distance dissemination of wheat blast across continents through MoT-contaminated seeds. This underlines the importance of mandatory use of healthy seeds in strategies to control any further spread of wheat blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musrat Zahan Surovy
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Andreas von Tiedemann
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) can act as a heterologous expression system for fungal effectors with high transcript abundance in wheat. Sci Rep 2023; 13:108. [PMID: 36596834 PMCID: PMC9810704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens deliver effector proteins to reprogramme a host plants circuitry, supporting their own growth and development, whilst thwarting defence responses. A subset of these effectors are termed avirulence factors (Avr) and can be recognised by corresponding host resistance (R) proteins, creating a strong evolutionary pressure on pathogen Avr effectors that favours their modification/deletion to evade the immune response. Hence, identifying Avr effectors and tracking their allele frequencies in a population is critical for understanding the loss of host recognition. However, the current systems available to confirm Avr effector function, particularly for obligate biotrophic fungi, remain limited and challenging. Here, we explored the utility of the genetically tractable wheat blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) as a suitable heterologous expression system in wheat. Using the recently confirmed wheat stem rust pathogen (Puccina graminis f. sp. tritici) avirulence effector AvrSr50 as a proof-of-concept, we found that delivery of AvrSr50 via MoT could elicit a visible Sr50-dependant cell death phenotype. However, activation of Sr50-mediated cell death correlated with a high transgene copy number and transcript abundance in MoT transformants. This illustrates that MoT can act as an effective heterologous delivery system for fungal effectors from distantly related fungal species, but only when enough transgene copies and/or transcript abundance is achieved.
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Khan MA, Al Mamun Khan MA, Mahfuz AMUB, Sanjana JM, Ahsan A, Gupta DR, Hoque MN, Islam T. Highly potent natural fungicides identified in silico against the cereal killer fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20232. [PMID: 36418863 PMCID: PMC9684433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious fungal pathogens that causes blast disease in cereals, and results in enormous loss of grain production. Many chemical fungicides are being used to control the pathogen but none of them are fully effective in controlling blast disease. Therefore, there is a demand for the discovery of a new natural biofungicide to manage the blast disease efficiently. A large number of new natural products showed inhibitory activities against M. oryzae in vitro. To find out effective biofungicides, we performed in silico molecular docking analysis of some of the potent natural compounds targeting four enzymes namely, scytalone dehydratase, SDH1 (PDB ID:1STD), trihydroxynaphthalene reductase, 3HNR (PDB ID:1YBV), trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, Tps1 (PDB ID:6JBI) and isocitrate lyase, ICL1 (PDB ID:5E9G) of M. oryzae fungus that regulate melanin biosynthesis and/or appresorium formation. Thirty-nine natural compounds that were previously reported to inhibit the growth of M. oryzae were subjected to rigid and flexible molecular docking against aforementioned enzymes followed by molecular dynamic simulation. The results of virtual screening showed that out of 39, eight compounds showed good binding energy with any one of the target enzymes as compared to reference commercial fungicides, azoxystrobin and strobilurin. Among the compounds, camptothecin, GKK1032A2 and chaetoviridin-A bind with more than one target enzymes of M. oryzae. All of the compounds except tricyclazole showed good bioactivity score. Taken together, our results suggest that all of the eight compounds have the potential to develop new fungicides, and remarkably, camptothecin, GKK1032A2 and chaetoviridin-A could act as multi-site mode of action fungicides against the blast fungus M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Arif Khan
- grid.443057.10000 0004 4683 7084Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Al Mamun Khan
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - A. M. U. B. Mahfuz
- grid.443057.10000 0004 4683 7084Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209 Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Maowa Sanjana
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahsan
- grid.411511.10000 0001 2179 3896Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, BSMRAU, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
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30
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Montes C, Hussain SG, Krupnik TJ. Variable climate suitability for wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum) in Asia: results from a continental-scale modeling approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2237-2249. [PMID: 35994122 PMCID: PMC9640415 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crop fungal diseases constitute a major cause of yield loss. The development of crop disease monitoring and forecasting tools is an important effort to aid farmers in adapting to climate variability and change. Recognizing weather as a main driver of fungal disease outbreaks, this work assesses the climate suitability for wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum, MoT) development in Asian wheat-producing countries. MOT was reported for the first time in Bangladesh in 2016 and could spread to other countries, provided that environmental conditions are suitable to spore development, distribution, and infection. With results from a generic infection model driven by air temperature and humidity, and motivated by the necessity to assess the potential distribution of MoT based on the response to weather drivers only, we quantify potential MOT infection events across Asia for the period 1980-2019. The results show a potential higher incidence of MOT in Bangladesh, Myanmar, and some areas of India, where the number of potential infection (NPI) events averaged up to 15 during wheat heading. Interannual trends show an increase in NPI over those three countries, which in turns show their higher interannual variability. Cold/dry conditions in countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan appear to render them unlikely candidates for MOT establishment. The relationship between seasonal climate anomalies and NPI suggests a greater association with relative humidity than with temperature. These results could help to focus future efforts to develop management strategies where weather conditions are conducive for the establishment of MOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Montes
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
| | - Sk Ghulam Hussain
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Timothy J Krupnik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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31
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Hossain MM. Wheat blast: A review from a genetic and genomic perspective. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:983243. [PMID: 36160203 PMCID: PMC9493272 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.983243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged wheat blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) is a severe threat to global wheat production. The fungus is a distinct, exceptionally diverse lineage of the M. oryzae, causing rice blast disease. Genome-based approaches employing MoT-specific markers are used to detect MoT field isolates. Sequencing the whole genome indicates the presence of core chromosome and mini-chromosome sequences that harbor effector genes and undergo divergent evolutionary routes. Significant genetic and pathotype diversity within the fungus population gives ample potential for evolutionary change. Identifying and refining genetic markers allows for tracking genomic regions with stable blast resistance. Introgression of quantitative and R gene resistance into popular cultivars is crucial to controlling disease in areas where the pathogen population is diverse and well established. Novel approaches such as CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing could generate resistant varieties in wheat within a short time. This chapter provides an extensive summary of the genetic and genomic aspects of the wheat blast fungus MoT and offers an essential resource for wheat blast research in the affected areas.
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32
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van Westerhoven AC, Meijer HJG, Seidl MF, Kema GHJ. Uncontained spread of Fusarium wilt of banana threatens African food security. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010769. [PMID: 36137001 PMCID: PMC9498937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C. van Westerhoven
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harold J. G. Meijer
- Wageningen Research, Department Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael F. Seidl
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert H. J. Kema
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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33
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Abstract
AbstractThis review addresses ways to prepare for and to mitigate effects of biohazards on primary production of crops and livestock. These biohazards can be natural or intentional introductions of pathogens, and they can cause major economic damage to farmers, the agricultural industry, society, and international trade. Agroterrorism is the intentional introduction of animal or plant pathogens into agricultural production systems with the intention to cause socioeconomic harm and generate public fear. Although few acts of agroterrorism are reported, the threat of agroterrorism in Europe is real. New concerns about threats arise from the rapid advancements in biotechnology and emerging technologies. FORSA, an analytical framework for risk and vulnerability analysis, was used to review how to prepare for and mitigate the possible effects of natural or intentional biohazards in agricultural production. Analyzing the effects of a biohazard event involves multiple scientific disciplines. A comprehensive analysis of biohazards therefore requires a systems approach. The preparedness and ability to manage events are strengthened by bolstered farm biosecurity, increased monitoring and laboratory capacity, improved inter-agency communication and resource allocation. The focus of this review is on Europe, but the insights gained have worldwide applications. The analytical framework used here is compared to other frameworks. With climate change, Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine, the supply chains are challenged, and we foresee increasing food prices associated with social tensions. Our food supply chain becomes more fragile with more unknowns, thereby increasing the needs for risk and vulnerability analyses, of which FORSA is one example.
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Paul SK, Chakraborty M, Rahman M, Gupta DR, Mahmud NU, Rahat AAM, Sarker A, Hannan MA, Rahman MM, Akanda AM, Ahmed JU, Islam T. Marine Natural Product Antimycin A Suppresses Wheat Blast Disease Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060618. [PMID: 35736101 PMCID: PMC9225063 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of chemical pesticides to protect agricultural crops from pests and diseases is discouraged due to their harmful effects on humans and the environment. Therefore, alternative approaches for crop protection through microbial or microbe-originated pesticides have been gaining momentum. Wheat blast is a destructive fungal disease caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype, which poses a serious threat to global food security. Screening of secondary metabolites against MoT revealed that antimycin A isolated from a marine Streptomyces sp. had a significant inhibitory effect on mycelial growth in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of antimycin A on some critical life stages of MoT and evaluate the efficacy of wheat blast disease control using this natural product. A bioassay indicated that antimycin A suppressed mycelial growth (62.90%), conidiogenesis (100%), germination of conidia (42%), and the formation of appressoria in the germinated conidia (100%) of MoT at a 10 µg/mL concentration. Antimycin A suppressed MoT in a dose-dependent manner with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.005 μg/disk. If germinated, antimycin A induced abnormal germ tubes (4.8%) and suppressed the formation of appressoria. Interestingly, the application of antimycin A significantly suppressed wheat blast disease in both the seedling (100%) and heading stages (76.33%) of wheat at a 10 µg/mL concentration, supporting the results from in vitro study. This is the first report on the inhibition of mycelial growth, conidiogenesis, conidia germination, and detrimental morphological alterations in germinated conidia, and the suppression of wheat blast disease caused by a Triticum pathotype of M. Oryzae by antimycin A. Further study is required to unravel the precise mode of action of this promising natural compound for considering it as a biopesticide to combat wheat blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Kumar Paul
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (S.K.P.); (M.C.); (D.R.G.); (N.U.M.); (A.A.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Moutoshi Chakraborty
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (S.K.P.); (M.C.); (D.R.G.); (N.U.M.); (A.A.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman
- Extension Service, Davis College of Agriculture, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (S.K.P.); (M.C.); (D.R.G.); (N.U.M.); (A.A.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (S.K.P.); (M.C.); (D.R.G.); (N.U.M.); (A.A.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Abdullah Al Mahbub Rahat
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (S.K.P.); (M.C.); (D.R.G.); (N.U.M.); (A.A.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (S.K.P.); (M.C.); (D.R.G.); (N.U.M.); (A.A.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Abdul Mannan Akanda
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Jalal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (S.K.P.); (M.C.); (D.R.G.); (N.U.M.); (A.A.M.R.); (M.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Natural Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Staurosporine, and Chelerythrine Suppress Wheat Blast Disease Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061186. [PMID: 35744705 PMCID: PMC9230996 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs), being key regulatory enzymes of a wide range of signaling pathways, are potential targets for antifungal agents. Wheat blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT), is an existential threat to world food security. During the screening process of natural metabolites against MoT fungus, we find that two protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine and chelerythrine chloride, remarkably inhibit MoT hyphal growth. This study further investigates the effects of staurosporine and chelerythrine chloride on MoT hyphal growth, conidia production, and development as well as wheat blast inhibition in comparison to a commercial fungicide, Nativo®75WG. The growth of MoT mycelia is significantly inhibited by these compounds in a dose-dependent manner. These natural compounds greatly reduce conidia production in MoT mycelia along with suppression of conidial germination and triggered lysis, resulting in deformed germ tubes and appressoria. These metabolites greatly suppress blast development in artificially inoculated wheat plants in the field. This is the first report of the antagonistic effect of these two natural PKC inhibitory alkaloids on MoT fungal developmental processes in vitro and suppression of wheat blast disease on both leaves and spikes in vivo. Further research is needed to identify their precise mechanism of action to consider them as biopesticides or lead compounds for controlling wheat blast.
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36
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Navia-Urrutia M, Mosquera G, Ellsworth R, Farman M, Trick HN, Valent B. Effector Genes in Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum as Potential Targets for Incorporating Blast Resistance in Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1700-1712. [PMID: 34931892 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-21-2209-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast (WB), caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype, recently emerged as a destructive disease that threatens global wheat production. Because few sources of genetic resistance have been identified in wheat, genetic transformation of wheat with rice blast resistance genes could expand resistance to WB. We evaluated the presence/absence of homologs of rice blast effector genes in Triticum isolates with the aim of identifying avirulence genes in field populations whose cognate rice resistance genes could potentially confer resistance to WB. We also assessed presence of the wheat pathogen AVR-Rmg8 gene and identified new alleles. A total of 102 isolates collected in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay from 1986 to 2018 were evaluated by PCR using 21 pairs of gene-specific primers. Effector gene composition was highly variable, with homologs to AvrPiz-t, AVR-Pi9, AVR-Pi54, and ACE1 showing the highest amplification frequencies (>94%). We identified Triticum isolates with a functional AvrPiz-t homolog that triggers Piz-t-mediated resistance in the rice pathosystem and produced transgenic wheat plants expressing the rice Piz-t gene. Seedlings and heads of the transgenic lines were challenged with isolate T25 carrying functional AvrPiz-t. Although slight decreases in the percentage of diseased spikelets and leaf area infected were observed in two transgenic lines, our results indicated that Piz-t did not confer useful WB resistance. Monitoring of avirulence genes in populations is fundamental to identifying effective resistance genes for incorporation into wheat by conventional breeding or transgenesis. Based on avirulence gene distributions, rice resistance genes Pi9 and Pi54 might be candidates for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Navia-Urrutia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Gloria Mosquera
- Rice Pathology, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Palmira, 763537, Colombia
| | - Rebekah Ellsworth
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Mark Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
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Understanding the Dynamics of Blast Resistance in Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060584. [PMID: 35736067 PMCID: PMC9224618 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is a global food grain crop for more than one-third of the human population and a source for food and nutritional security. Rice production is subjected to various stresses; blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the major biotic stresses that has the potential to destroy total crop under severe conditions. In the present review, we discuss the importance of rice and blast disease in the present and future global context, genomics and molecular biology of blast pathogen and rice, and the molecular interplay between rice–M. oryzae interaction governed by different gene interaction models. We also elaborated in detail on M. oryzae effector and Avr genes, and the role of noncoding RNAs in disease development. Further, rice blast resistance QTLs; resistance (R) genes; and alleles identified, cloned, and characterized are discussed. We also discuss the utilization of QTLs and R genes for blast resistance through conventional breeding and transgenic approaches. Finally, we review the demonstrated examples and potential applications of the latest genome-editing tools in understanding and managing blast disease in rice.
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Mahmud NU, Gupta DR, Paul SK, Chakraborty M, Mehebub MS, Surovy MZ, Rabby SF, Rahat AAM, Roy PC, Sohrawardy H, Amin MA, Masud MK, Ide Y, Yamauchi Y, Hossain MS, Islam T. Daylight-Driven Rechargeable TiO 2 Nanocatalysts Suppress Wheat Blast Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Paul
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Moutoshi Chakraborty
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shabab Mehebub
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Musrat Zahan Surovy
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Fajle Rabby
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mahbub Rahat
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Chandra Roy
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Sohrawardy
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ide
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Md. Shahriar Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
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Khan H, Wani SH, Bhardwaj SC, Rani K, Bishnoi SK, Singh GP. Wheat spike blast: genetic interventions for effective management. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5483-5494. [PMID: 35478296 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental concepts of the genetics, race classification and epidemiology of the Wheat spike blast causing fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) are still evolving despite of its discovery in 1985 in Brazil for the first time. The fungus seems to defy the research progress that is being made globally by continuously evolving into pathotypes which have already overcome the much celebrated 2NS resistance in wheat lines as well as few of the initially effective fungicides. The compartmentalized i.e. two speed genome of the MoT, conferring the fungus an evolutionary advantage, has emerged as a challenge for the wheat spike blast researchers complicating its already difficult management. The airborne fungus with a range of alternative hosts is finding new geographical niches situated on different continents and is a matter of great apprehension among the nations whose food security is primarily dependent on wheat. The wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh during 2016 was attributed to an isolate from Latin America escaping through a seed import consignment while the latest Zambian outbreak is still to be studied in detail regarding its origin and entry. The challenges in dealing wheat spike blast are not only on the level of genetics and epidemiology alone but also on the levels of policy making regarding international seed movement and research collaborations. The present review deals with these issues mainly concerning the effective management and controlling the international spread of this deadly disease of wheat, with a particular reference to India. We describe the origin, taxonomy, epidemiology and symptomology of MoT and briefly highlight its impact and management practices from different countries. We also discuss the advances in genomics and genome editing technologies that can be used to develop elite wheat genotypes resistant against different stains of wheat spike blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Khan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, 132001, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 192101, Khudwani, J & K, India
| | - Subhash Chander Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, 171 002, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kirti Rani
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research (DGR), 362001, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Bishnoi
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Seed & Research Farm, 125001, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Phuke RM, He X, Juliana P, Kabir MR, Roy KK, Marza F, Roy C, Singh GP, Chawade A, Joshi AK, Singh PK. Identification of Genomic Regions and Sources for Wheat Blast Resistance through GWAS in Indian Wheat Genotypes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:596. [PMID: 35456402 PMCID: PMC9025667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat blast (WB) is a devastating fungal disease that has recently spread to Bangladesh and poses a threat to the wheat production in India, which is the second-largest wheat producing country in the world. In this study, 350 Indian wheat genotypes were evaluated for WB resistance in 12 field experiments in three different locations, namely Jashore in Bangladesh and Quirusillas and Okinawa in Bolivia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome were obtained using DArTseq® technology, and 7554 filtered SNP markers were selected for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). All the three GWAS approaches used identified the 2NS translocation as the only major source of resistance, explaining up to 32% of the phenotypic variation. Additional marker-trait associations were located on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 4D, 5A and 7A, and the combined effect of three SNPs (2B_180938790, 7A_752501634 and 5A_618682953) showed better resistance, indicating their additive effects on WB resistance. Among the 298 bread wheat genotypes, 89 (29.9%) carried the 2NS translocation, the majority of which (60 genotypes) were CIMMYT introductions, and 29 were from India. The 2NS carriers with a grand mean WB index of 6.6 showed higher blast resistance compared to the non-2NS genotypes with a mean index of 46.5. Of the 52 durum wheats, only one genotype, HI 8819, had the 2NS translocation and was the most resistant, with a grand mean WB index of 0.93. Our study suggests that the 2NS translocation is the only major resistance source in the Indian wheat panel analysed and emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel non-2NS resistance sources and genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul M. Phuke
- ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Regional Station, Indore 452001, India;
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur 440010, India
| | - Xinyao He
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, Mexico;
| | - Philomin Juliana
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA)/CIMMYT-India, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; (P.J.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Muhammad R. Kabir
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Nashipur, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh; (M.R.K.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Krishna K. Roy
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Nashipur, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh; (M.R.K.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Felix Marza
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria y Forestal (INIAF), La Paz 3798, Bolivia;
| | - Chandan Roy
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, India;
| | - Gyanendra P. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Maharaja Agarsain Marg, P.O. Box 158, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Arun K. Joshi
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA)/CIMMYT-India, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; (P.J.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, Mexico;
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Juliana P, He X, Marza F, Islam R, Anwar B, Poland J, Shrestha S, Singh GP, Chawade A, Joshi AK, Singh RP, Singh PK. Genomic Selection for Wheat Blast in a Diversity Panel, Breeding Panel and Full-Sibs Panel. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:745379. [PMID: 35069614 PMCID: PMC8782147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast is an emerging threat to wheat production, due to its recent migration to South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Because genomic selection (GS) has emerged as a promising breeding strategy, the key objective of this study was to evaluate it for wheat blast phenotyped at precision phenotyping platforms in Quirusillas (Bolivia), Okinawa (Bolivia) and Jashore (Bangladesh) using three panels: (i) a diversity panel comprising 172 diverse spring wheat genotypes, (ii) a breeding panel comprising 248 elite breeding lines, and (iii) a full-sibs panel comprising 298 full-sibs. We evaluated two genomic prediction models (the genomic best linear unbiased prediction or GBLUP model and the Bayes B model) and compared the genomic prediction accuracies with accuracies from a fixed effects model (with selected blast-associated markers as fixed effects), a GBLUP + fixed effects model and a pedigree relationships-based model (ABLUP). On average, across all the panels and environments analyzed, the GBLUP + fixed effects model (0.63 ± 0.13) and the fixed effects model (0.62 ± 0.13) gave the highest prediction accuracies, followed by the Bayes B (0.59 ± 0.11), GBLUP (0.55 ± 0.1), and ABLUP (0.48 ± 0.06) models. The high prediction accuracies from the fixed effects model resulted from the markers tagging the 2NS translocation that had a large effect on blast in all the panels. This implies that in environments where the 2NS translocation-based blast resistance is effective, genotyping one to few markers tagging the translocation is sufficient to predict the blast response and genome-wide markers may not be needed. We also observed that marker-assisted selection (MAS) based on a few blast-associated markers outperformed GS as it selected the highest mean percentage (88.5%) of lines also selected by phenotypic selection and discarded the highest mean percentage of lines (91.8%) also discarded by phenotypic selection, across all panels. In conclusion, while this study demonstrates that MAS might be a powerful strategy to select for the 2NS translocation-based blast resistance, we emphasize that further efforts to use genomic tools to identify non-2NS translocation-based blast resistance are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinyao He
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Felix Marza
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria y Forestal (INIAF), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Rabiul Islam
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Babul Anwar
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Jesse Poland
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sandesh Shrestha
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Gyanendra P. Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Arun K. Joshi
- Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Ludhiana, India
- CIMMYT-India, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi P. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, Mexico
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Genetic dissection for head blast resistance in wheat using two mapping populations. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 128:402-410. [PMID: 34880420 PMCID: PMC9177698 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat head blast is a dangerous fungal disease in South America and has recently spread to Bangladesh and Zambia, threatening wheat production in those regions. Host resistance as an economical and environment-friendly management strategy has been heavily relied on, and understanding the resistance loci in the wheat genome is very helpful to resistance breeding. In the current study, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, Alondra/Milan (with 296 RILs) and Caninde#2/Milan-S (with 254 RILs and Milan-S being a susceptible variant of Milan), were used for mapping QTL associated with head blast resistance in field experiments. Phenotyping was conducted in Quirusillas and Okinawa, Bolivia, and in Jashore, Bangladesh, during the 2017–18 and 2018–19 cropping cycles. The DArTseq® technology was employed to genotype the lines, along with four STS markers in the 2NS region. A QTL with consistent major effects was mapped on the 2NS/2AS translocation region in both populations, explaining phenotypic variation from 16.7 to 79.4% across experiments. Additional QTL were detected on chromosomes 2DL, 7AL, and 7DS in the Alondra/Milan population, and 2BS, 4AL, 5AS, 5DL, 7AS, and 7AL in the Caninde#2/Milan-S population, all showing phenotypic effects <10%. The results corroborated the important role of the 2NS/2AS translocation on WB resistance and identified a few novel QTL for possible deployment in wheat breeding. The low phenotypic effects of the non-2NS QTL warrantee further investigation for novel QTL with higher and more stable effects against WB, to alleviate the heavy reliance on 2NS-based resistance.
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Roy C, Juliana P, Kabir MR, Roy KK, Gahtyari NC, Marza F, He X, Singh GP, Chawade A, Joshi AK, Singh PK. New Genotypes and Genomic Regions for Resistance to Wheat Blast in South Asian Germplasm. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122693. [PMID: 34961165 PMCID: PMC8708018 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast (WB) disease, since its first identification in Bangladesh in 2016, is now an established serious threat to wheat production in South Asia. There is a need for sound knowledge about resistance sources and associated genomic regions to assist breeding programs. Hence, a panel of genotypes from India and Bangladesh was evaluated for wheat blast resistance and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed. Disease evaluation was done during five crop seasons-at precision phenotyping platform (PPPs) for wheat blast disease at Jashore (2018-19), Quirusillas (2018-19 and 2019-20) and Okinawa (2019 and 2020). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) across the genome were obtained using DArTseq genotyping-by-sequencing platform, and in total 5713 filtered markers were used. GWAS revealed 40 significant markers associated with WB resistance, of which 33 (82.5%) were in the 2NS/2AS chromosome segment and one each on seven chromosomes (3B, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5D, 6A and 6B). The 2NS markers contributed significantly in most of the environments, explaining an average of 33.4% of the phenotypic variation. Overall, 22.4% of the germplasm carried 2NS/2AS segment. So far, 2NS translocation is the only effective WB resistance source being used in the breeding programs of South Asia. Nevertheless, the identification of non-2NS/2AS genomic regions for WB resistance provides a hope to broaden and diversify resistance for this disease in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Roy
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, India;
| | - Philomin Juliana
- BISA/CIMMYT-India, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; (P.J.); (A.K.J.)
| | - Muhammad R. Kabir
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Nashipur, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh; (M.R.K.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Krishna K. Roy
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Nashipur, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh; (M.R.K.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Navin C. Gahtyari
- ICAR–Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anushandhan Sansthan, Almora 263601, India;
| | - Felix Marza
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria y Forestal (INIAF), La Paz, Bolivia;
| | - Xinyao He
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico;
| | - Gyanendra P. Singh
- ICAR—Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Maharaja Agarsain Marg, P.O. Box 158, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Arun K. Joshi
- BISA/CIMMYT-India, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; (P.J.); (A.K.J.)
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico;
| | - Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico DF 06600, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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Ascari JP, Barro JP, Santana FM, Padua JMV, Maciel JLN, Lau D, Torres GAM, Sbalcheiro CC, Seixas CDS, Goulart ACP, Sussel AAB, Schipanski CA, Chagas DF, Coelho MAO, Montecelli TDN, Amaral DR, Custódio AAP, Moreira LSO, Utiamada CM, Venâncio WS, Goussain RCS, Alves KS, Del Ponte EM. Sequential Post-Heading Applications for Controlling Wheat Blast: A 9-Year Summary of Fungicide Performance in Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:4051-4059. [PMID: 34270912 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1183-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage, is a major constraint to wheat production, mainly in the tropics of Brazil, where severe epidemics have been more frequent. We analyzed disease and wheat yield data from 42 uniform field trials conducted over 9 years (2012 to 2020) to assess whether the percent control and yield response were influenced by fungicide type, region (tropical or subtropical), and year. Six treatments were selected, all evaluated in at least 19 trials. Two fungicides were applied as solo active ingredients (MANCozeb, and TEBUconazole), and four were premixes (AZOXystrobin plus TEBU, TriFLoXystrobin plus PROThioconazole, TFLX plus TEBU, and PYRAclostrobin plus EPOXiconazole). Percent control, calculated from back-transforming estimates by a meta-analysis network model fitted to the log of the means, ranged from 43 to 58%, with all but PYRA plus EPOX showing efficacy >52% on average, not differing among them. The variation in both efficacy and yield response was explained by region, and all but TEBU performed better in the subtropics than in the tropics. Yield response from using three sequential sprays was approximately two times greater in the subtropics (319 to 532 kg/ha) than in the tropics (149 to 241.3 kg/ha). No significant decline in fungicide efficacy or yield response was observed in 9 years of study for any of the fungicides. These results reinforce the need to improve control by adopting an integrated management approach in the tropics given poorer performance and lower profitability, especially for the premixes, than in the subtropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Ascari
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jhonatan P Barro
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio M Santana
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 99050-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José M V Padua
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João L N Maciel
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 99050-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lau
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 99050-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A Schipanski
- G12 Agro Pesquisa e Consultoria Agronômica, Guarapuava, 85015-344, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora F Chagas
- G12 Agro Pesquisa e Consultoria Agronômica, Guarapuava, 85015-344, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maurício A O Coelho
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Patos de Minas, 38700-970, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel R Amaral
- Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Uberaba, 38064-790, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano A P Custódio
- Área de Proteção de Plantas, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas S O Moreira
- Área de Proteção de Plantas, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson S Venâncio
- Estação Experimental Agrícola Campos Gerais, Palmeira, 84130-000, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rita C S Goussain
- Instituto Federal do Mato Grosso, Campo Verde, 78840-000, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kaique S Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bentham AR, Petit-Houdenot Y, Win J, Chuma I, Terauchi R, Banfield MJ, Kamoun S, Langner T. A single amino acid polymorphism in a conserved effector of the multihost blast fungus pathogen expands host-target binding spectrum. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009957. [PMID: 34758051 PMCID: PMC8608293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated gene evolution is a hallmark of pathogen adaptation and specialization following host-jumps. However, the molecular processes associated with adaptive evolution between host-specific lineages of a multihost plant pathogen remain poorly understood. In the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Syn. Pyricularia oryzae), host specialization on different grass hosts is generally associated with dynamic patterns of gain and loss of virulence effector genes that tend to define the distinct genetic lineages of this pathogen. Here, we unravelled the biochemical and structural basis of adaptive evolution of APikL2, an exceptionally conserved paralog of the well-studied rice-lineage specific effector AVR-Pik. Whereas AVR-Pik and other members of the six-gene AVR-Pik family show specific patterns of presence/absence polymorphisms between grass-specific lineages of M. oryzae, APikL2 stands out by being ubiquitously present in all blast fungus lineages from 13 different host species. Using biochemical, biophysical and structural biology methods, we show that a single aspartate to asparagine polymorphism expands the binding spectrum of APikL2 to host proteins of the heavy-metal associated (HMA) domain family. This mutation maps to one of the APikL2-HMA binding interfaces and contributes to an altered hydrogen-bonding network. By combining phylogenetic ancestral reconstruction with an analysis of the structural consequences of allelic diversification, we revealed a common mechanism of effector specialization in the AVR-Pik/APikL2 family that involves two major HMA-binding interfaces. Together, our findings provide a detailed molecular evolution and structural biology framework for diversification and adaptation of a fungal pathogen effector family following host-jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Bentham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Yohann Petit-Houdenot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Joe Win
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Izumi Chuma
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Japan
| | - Mark J. Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Langner
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Asuke S, Umehara Y, Inoue Y, Vy TTP, Iwakawa M, Matsuoka Y, Kato K, Tosa Y. Origin and Dynamics of Rwt6, a Wheat Gene for Resistance to Nonadapted Pathotypes of Pyricularia oryzae. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2023-2029. [PMID: 34009007 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-21-0080-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Avirulence of Eleusine isolates of Pyricularia oryzae on common wheat is conditioned by at least five avirulence genes. One is PWT3 corresponding to resistance gene Rwt3 located on chromosome 1D. We identified a resistance gene corresponding to a second avirulence gene, PWT6, and named it Rmg9 (Rwt6). Rwt6 was closely linked to Rwt3. A survey of the population of Aegilops tauschii, the D genome donor to common wheat, revealed that some accessions from the southern coastal region of the Caspian Sea, the birthplace of common wheat, carried both genes. Rwt6 and Rwt3 carriers accounted for 65 and 80%, respectively, of accessions in a common wheat landrace collection. The most likely explanation of our results is that both resistance genes were simultaneously introduced into common wheat at the time of hybridization of Triticum turgidum and A. tauschii. However, a prominent difference was recognized in their geographical distributions in modern wheat; Rwt3 and Rwt6 co-occurred at high frequencies in regions to the east of the Caspian Sea, whereas Rwt6 occurred at a lower frequency than Rwt3 in regions to the west. This difference was considered to be associated with range of pathotypes to which these genes were effective. A. tauschii accessions carrying Rwt3 and Rwt6 also carried Rwt4, another resistance gene involved in the species specificity. We suggest that the gain of the D genome should have given an adaptive advantage to the genus Triticum by conferring disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Asuke
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Umehara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Trinh Thi Phuong Vy
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuki Iwakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Kato
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yukio Tosa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Gupta DR, Khanom S, Rohman MM, Hasanuzzaman M, Surovy MZ, Mahmud NU, Islam MR, Shawon AR, Rahman M, Abd-Elsalam KA, Islam T. Hydrogen peroxide detoxifying enzymes show different activity patterns in host and non-host plant interactions with Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2127-2139. [PMID: 34629783 PMCID: PMC8484409 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast caused by the hemibiotroph fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is a destructive disease of wheat in South America, Bangladesh and Zambia. This study aimed to determine and compare the activities of antioxidant enzymes in susceptible (wheat, maize, barley and swamp rice grass) and resistant (rice) plants when interacting with MoT. The activities of reactive oxygen species-detoxifying enzymes; catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxidase (POX) were increased in all plants in response to MoT inoculation with a few exceptions. Interestingly, an early and very high activity of CAT was observed within 24 h after inoculation in wheat, barley, maize and swamp rice grass with lower H2O2 concentration. In contrast, an early and high accumulation of H2O2 was observed in rice at 48 hai with little CAT activity only at a later stage of MoT inoculation. The activities of APX, GST and POD were also high at an early stage of infection in rice. However, these enzymes activities were very high at a later stage in wheat, barley, maize and swamp rice grass. The activity of GPX gradually decreased with the increase of time in rice. Taken together, our results suggest that late and early inductions of most of the antioxidant enzyme activities occurs in susceptible and resistant plants, respectively. This study demonstrates some insights into physiological responses of host and non-host plants when interacting with the devastating wheat blast fungus MoT, which could be useful for developing blast resistant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Rani Gupta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Khanom
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Motiar Rohman
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Musrat Zahan Surovy
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Nur Uddin Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Robyul Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Ashifur Rahman Shawon
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman
- Agriculture and Natural Resources, Extension Service, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619 Egypt
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
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Shizhen W, Jiaoyu W, Zhen Z, Zhongna H, Xueming Z, Rongyao C, Haiping Q, Yanli W, Fucheng L, Guochang S. The Risk of Wheat Blast in Rice-Wheat Co-Planting Regions in China: MoO Strains of Pyricularia oryzae Cause Typical Symptom and Host Reaction on Both Wheat Leaves and Spikes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1393-1400. [PMID: 33471560 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-20-0470-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) causes wheat blast, which has recently spread to Asia. To assess the potential risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat growing regions, we investigated the pathogenicity of 14 isolates of P. oryzae on 32 wheat cultivars, among which Oryzae pathotype of P. oryzae (MoO) isolates were completely avirulent on the wheat cultivars at 22°C but caused various degrees of infection 25°C. These reactions at 25°C were isolate and cultivar dependent, like race-cultivar specificity, which was also recognized at the heading stage and caused typical blast symptoms on spikes. Microscopic analyses indicated that a compatible MoO isolate produced appressoria and infection hyphae on wheat as on rice. When we compared transcriptomes in wheat-MoO interactions, the bulk of pathogen-related genes were upregulated or downregulated in compatible and incompatible patterns, but changes in gene transcription were more significant in a compatible pattern. These results indicate that temperature could influence the infection ratio of wheat with MoO, and some MoO strains could be potential pathogens that increase the risk of wheat blast outbreaks in wheat-rice growing regions with global warming. In addition, certain wheat cultivars exhibited resistance and are assumed to carry resistance-promoting genes to the MoO strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shizhen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wang Jiaoyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhang Zhen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hao Zhongna
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhu Xueming
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chai Rongyao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qiu Haiping
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wang Yanli
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lin Fucheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Sun Guochang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Cruz-Mireles N, Eseola AB, Osés-Ruiz M, Ryder LS, Talbot NJ. From appressorium to transpressorium-Defining the morphogenetic basis of host cell invasion by the rice blast fungus. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009779. [PMID: 34329369 PMCID: PMC8323886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neftaly Cruz-Mireles
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Bisola Eseola
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Míriam Osés-Ruiz
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren S. Ryder
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Singh PK, Gahtyari NC, Roy C, Roy KK, He X, Tembo B, Xu K, Juliana P, Sonder K, Kabir MR, Chawade A. Wheat Blast: A Disease Spreading by Intercontinental Jumps and Its Management Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:710707. [PMID: 34367228 PMCID: PMC8343232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.710707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast (WB) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) is an important fungal disease in tropical and subtropical wheat production regions. The disease was initially identified in Brazil in 1985, and it subsequently spread to some major wheat-producing areas of the country as well as several South American countries such as Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. In recent years, WB has been introduced to Bangladesh and Zambia via international wheat trade, threatening wheat production in South Asia and Southern Africa with the possible further spreading in these two continents. Resistance source is mostly limited to 2NS carriers, which are being eroded by newly emerged MoT isolates, demonstrating an urgent need for identification and utilization of non-2NS resistance sources. Fungicides are also being heavily relied on to manage WB that resulted in increasing fungal resistance, which should be addressed by utilization of new fungicides or rotating different fungicides. Additionally, quarantine measures, cultural practices, non-fungicidal chemical treatment, disease forecasting, biocontrol etc., are also effective components of integrated WB management, which could be used in combination with varietal resistance and fungicides to obtain reasonable management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K. Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Navin C. Gahtyari
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (VPKAS), Almora, India
| | - Chandan Roy
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, BAC, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India
| | - Krishna K. Roy
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Xinyao He
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B. Tembo
- Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI), Chilanga, Zambia
| | - Kaijie Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Philomin Juliana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kai Sonder
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Muhammad R. Kabir
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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