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Malheiros JM, Correia BSB, Ceribeli C, Bruscadin JJ, Diniz WJS, Banerjee P, da Silva Vieira D, Cardoso TF, Andrade BGN, Petrini J, Cardoso DR, Colnago LA, Bogusz Junior S, Mourão GB, Coutinho LL, Palhares JCP, de Medeiros SR, Berndt A, de Almeida Regitano LC. Ruminal and feces metabolites associated with feed efficiency, water intake and methane emission in Nelore bulls. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18001. [PMID: 37865691 PMCID: PMC10590413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to identify potential differences in the ruminal and fecal metabolite profiles of Nelore bulls under different nutritional interventions; and (2) to identify metabolites associated with cattle sustainability related-traits. We used different nutritional interventions in the feedlot: conventional (Conv; n = 26), and by-product (ByPr, n = 26). Thirty-eight ruminal fluid and 27 fecal metabolites were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the ByPr and Conv groups. Individual dry matter intake (DMI), residual feed intake (RFI), observed water intake (OWI), predicted water intake (WI), and residual water intake (RWI) phenotypes were lower (P < 0.05) in the Conv group, while the ByPr group exhibited lower methane emission (ME) (P < 0.05). Ruminal fluid dimethylamine was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with DMI, RFI, FE (feed efficiency), OWI and WI. Aspartate was associated (P < 0.05) with DMI, RFI, FE and WI. Fecal C22:1n9 was significantly associated with OWI and RWI (P < 0.05). Fatty acid C14:0 and hypoxanthine were significantly associated with DMI and RFI (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that different nutritional interventions alter ruminal and fecal metabolites and provided new insights into the relationship of these metabolites with feed efficiency and water intake traits in Nelore bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Ceribeli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo/USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Wellison J S Diniz
- Departament of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Departament of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | | | - Bruno Gabriel Nascimento Andrade
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Computer Science Department, Munster Technological University, MTU/ADAPT, Cork, Ireland
| | - Juliana Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhu C, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Yang Z, Yang F, Yang Y, Tang J, Laghi L. Metabolomic Analysis of Multiple Biological Specimens (Feces, Serum, and Urine) by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040741. [PMID: 36830529 PMCID: PMC9952568 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide, mastitis can be considered as one of the most common diseases in dairy cows. This work aimed to study this disease by comparing multiple biological specimens (feces, serum, and urine) from individuals with or without clinical mastitis. This was performed by a single analytical platform, namely 1H-NMR, through a multi-matrix strategy. Thanks to the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we could characterize 120 molecules across dairy cow feces, serum, and urine. Among them, 23 molecules were in common across the three biofluids. By integrating the results of multi-matrix metabolomics, several pathways pertaining to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism appeared to be affected by clinical mastitis. The present work wished to deepen the understanding of dairy cow mastitis in its clinical form. Simultaneous analysis of metabolome changes across several key biofluids could facilitate knowledge discovery and the reliable identification of potential biomarkers, which could be, in turn, used to shed light on the early diagnosis of dairy cow mastitis in its subclinical form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Falong Yang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Farming and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Ganzi County, Ganzi 626700, China
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928243 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-028-85928243 (J.T.); +39-0547-338106 (L.L.)
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Kim HS, Lee SJ, Eom JS, Choi Y, Jo SU, Kim J, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:53-62. [PMID: 36108706 PMCID: PMC9834661 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, metabolites that changed in the rumen fluid, urine and feces of dairy cows fed different feed ratios were investigated. METHODS Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. Rumen fluid, urine, and feces were collected from the normal concentrate diet (NCD) (Italian ryegrass 80%: concentrate 20% in the total feed) and high concentrate diet (HCD) groups (20%: 80%) of dairy cows. Metabolite analysis was performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identification, and statistical analysis was performed using Chenomx NMR software 8.4 and Metaboanalyst 4.0. RESULTS The two groups of rumen fluid and urine samples were separated, and samples from the same group were aggregated together. On the other hand, the feces samples were not separated and showed similar tendencies between the two groups. In total, 160, 177, and 188 metabolites were identified in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces, respectively. The differential metabolites with low and high concentrations were 15 and 49, 14 and 16, and 2 and 2 in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces samples, in the NCD group. CONCLUSION As HCD is related to rumen microbial changes, research on different metabolites such as glucuronate, acetylsalicylate, histidine, and O-Acetylcarnitine, which are related to bacterial degradation and metabolism, will need to be carried out in future studies along with microbial analysis. In urine, the identified metabolites, such as gallate, syringate, and vanillate can provide insight into microbial, metabolic, and feed parameters that cause changes depending on the feed rate. Additionally, it is thought that they can be used as potential biomarkers for further research on subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000,
Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Sung Sill Lee, Tel: +82-55-772-1883, Fax: +82-55-772-1889, E-mail:
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Habimana V, Ekine-Dzivenu CC, Nguluma AS, Nziku ZC, Morota G, Chenyambuga SW, Mrode R. Genes and models for estimating genetic parameters for heat tolerance in dairy cattle. Front Genet 2023; 14:1127175. [PMID: 36923799 PMCID: PMC10009153 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1127175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle are highly susceptible to heat stress. Heat stress causes a decline in milk yield, reduced dry matter intake, reduced fertility rates, and alteration of physiological traits (e.g., respiration rate, rectal temperature, heart rates, pulse rates, panting score, sweating rates, and drooling score) and other biomarkers (oxidative heat stress biomarkers and stress response genes). Considering the significant effect of global warming on dairy cattle farming, coupled with the aim to reduce income losses of dairy cattle farmers and improve production under hot environment, there is a need to develop heat tolerant dairy cattle that can grow, reproduce and produce milk reasonably under the changing global climate and increasing temperature. The identification of heat tolerant dairy cattle is an alternative strategy for breeding thermotolerant dairy cattle for changing climatic conditions. This review synthesizes information pertaining to quantitative genetic models that have been applied to estimate genetic parameters for heat tolerance and relationship between measures of heat tolerance and production and reproductive performance traits in dairy cattle. Moreover, the review identified the genes that have been shown to influence heat tolerance in dairy cattle and evaluated the possibility of using them in genomic selection programmes. Combining genomics information with environmental, physiological, and production parameters information is a crucial strategy to understand the mechanisms of heat tolerance while breeding heat tolerant dairy cattle adapted to future climatic conditions. Thus, selection for thermotolerant dairy cattle is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Habimana
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.,SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.,International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Athumani Shabani Nguluma
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Gota Morota
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Raphael Mrode
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Exploration of urinary metabolite dynamicity for early detection of pregnancy in water buffaloes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16295. [PMID: 36175438 PMCID: PMC9523026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and precise pregnancy diagnosis can reduce the calving interval by minimizing postpartum period. The present study explored the differential urinary metabolites between pregnant and non-pregnant Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during early gestation to identify potential pregnancy detection biomarkers. Urine samples were collected on day 0, 10, 18, 35 and 42 of gestation from the pregnant (n = 6) and on day 0, 10 and 18 post-insemination from the non-pregnant (n = 6) animals. 1H-NMR-based untargeted metabolomics followed by multivariate analysis initially identified twenty-four differentially expressed metabolites, among them 3-Hydroxykynurenine, Anthranilate, Tyrosine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan depicted consistent trends and matched the selection criteria of potential biomarkers. Predictive ability of these individual biomarkers through ROC curve analyses yielded AUC values of 0.6–0.8. Subsequently, a logistic regression model was constructed using the most suitable metabolite combination to improve diagnostic accuracy. The combination of Anthranilate, 3-Hydroxykynurenine, and Tyrosine yielded the best AUC value of 0.804. Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, Tryptophan metabolism, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine metabolism were identified as potential pathway modulations during early gestation. The identified biomarkers were either precursors or products of these metabolic pathways, thus justifying their relevance. The study facilitates precise non-invassive urinary metabolite-based pen-side early pregnancy diagnostics in buffaloes, eminently before 21 days post-insemination.
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Wang Z, Yu Y, Shen W, Tan Z, Tang S, Yao H, He J, Wan F. Metabolomics Analysis Across Multiple Biofluids Reveals the Metabolic Responses of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows to Fermented Soybean Meal Replacement. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:812373. [PMID: 35647087 PMCID: PMC9136663 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.812373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was performed to reveal the metabolic responses of dairy cows to the replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM). Twenty-four lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cattle were assigned to either the SBM group [the basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet containing 5.77% SBM] or the FSBM group (the experimental TMR diet containing 5.55% FSBM), in a completely randomized design. The entire period of this trial consisted of 14 days for the adjustment and 40 days for data and sample collection, and sampling for rumen liquid, blood, milk, and urine was conducted on the 34th and 54th day, respectively. When SBM was completely replaced by FSBM, the levels of several medium-chain FA in milk (i.e., C13:0, C14:1, and C16:0) rose significantly (p < 0.05), while the concentrations of a few milk long-chain FA (i.e., C17:0, C18:0, C18:1n9c, and C20:0) declined significantly (p < 0.05). Besides, the densities of urea nitrogen and lactic acid were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, while the glucose concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the blood of the FSBM-fed cows than in the SBM-fed cows. Based on the metabolomics analysis simultaneously targeting the rumen liquid, plasma, milk, and urine, it was noticed that substituting FSBM for SBM altered the metabolic profiles of all the four biofluids. According to the identified significantly different metabolites, 3 and 2 amino acid-relevant metabolic pathways were identified as the significantly different pathways between the two treatments in the rumen fluid and urine, respectively. Furthermore, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were the three key integrated different pathways identified in this study. Results mainly implied that the FSBM replacement could enhance nitrogen utilization and possibly influence the inflammatory reactions and antioxidative functions of dairy cattle. The differential metabolites and relevant pathways discovered in this experiment could serve as biomarkers for the alterations in protein feed and nitrogen utilization efficiency of dairy cows, and further investigations are needed to elucidate the definite roles and correlations of the differential metabolites and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuannian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Rudong Agriculture Bureau, Nantong, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoxun Tang
| | - Hui Yao
- Nanshan Dairy Co., Ltd., Shaoyang, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Jianhua He
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Fachun Wan
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Modulation of Fecal Metabolites by Heat Stress and Diet, and Their Association with Inflammation and Leaky Gut Markers in Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020142. [PMID: 35208216 PMCID: PMC8874496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of fecal metabolite profiles could provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying animal responses to environmental stressors and diet. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 14-day heat stress period and of dietary mineral and vitamin supplementation under heat stress on fecal metabolite profiles and to investigate their associations with physiological markers of heat stress, leaky gut, and inflammation in lactating dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg milk/d; 83.4 ± 27.1 DIM) were enrolled in an experiment in a split-plot design. The main plot was the level of dietary vitamin E and Se, as follows: (1) low (L-ESe; 20 IU/kg vitamin E, 0.3 ppm Se) or (2) high (H-ESe 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 1.2 ppm Se). Within each plot, six cows were randomly assigned to either (1) heat stress (HS; Total Humidity Index (THI): 82), (2) pair-feeding in thermoneutrality (TNPF; THI = 64), or (3) HS with vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation (HS+DCa; 1820 IU/kg and 1.5% Ca; THI: 82) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 14-day periods and 7-day washouts. The concentrations of 94 metabolites were determined in fecal samples, including amino acids, fatty acids, biogenic amines, and vitamins. Relative to the L-ESe group, the H-ESe group increased α-tocopherol by threefold, whereas δ-tocopherol was decreased by 78% (PFDR < 0.01). Nevertheless, correlation analysis between α-tocopherol and all the others fecal metabolites or physiological heat stress measures did not show significant associations. No interactions between main plot and treatments were observed. Relative to TNPF, HS increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), milk somatic cell counts (SCC), respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, fecal tridecylic and myristic acids, vitamin B7, and retinol, whereas it decreased fecal amino acids such as histidine, methyl histidine, acetyl ornithine, and arginine (PFDR < 0.05). In contrast, HS+DCa increased fecal methyl histidine concentrations and reduced milk SCC, plasma TNF-α, and LBP, as well as rectal temperatures. Discriminant analysis revealed fecal histidine, taurine, acetyl ornithine, arginine, β-alanine, ornithine, butyric + iso-butyric acid, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, TNF-α, LBP, C-reactive protein, and milk SCC were predictive of HS. Several metabolites were predictive of HS+DCa, although only tryptophan was discriminant relative to HS. In conclusion, both heat stress and the supplementation of vitamin D3 and Ca can influence the fecal metabolome of dairy cows experiencing heat stress, independently of dietary levels of vitamin E and Se. Our results suggest that some fecal metabolites are well associated with physiological measures of heat stress and may thus provide insights into the gut-level changes taking place under heat stress in dairy cows.
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Finch N, Percival B, Hunter E, Blagg RJ, Blackwell E, Sagar J, Ahmad Z, Chang MW, Hunt JA, Mather ML, Tasker S, De Risio L, Wilson PB. Preliminary demonstration of benchtop NMR metabolic profiling of feline urine: chronic kidney disease as a case study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:469. [PMID: 34952633 PMCID: PMC8708514 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The use of benchtop metabolic profiling technology based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was evaluated in a small cohort of cats with a view to applying this as a viable and rapid metabolic tool to support clinical decision making. Results Urinary metabolites were analysed from four subjects consisting of two healthy controls and two chronic kidney disease (CKD) IRIS stage 2 cases. The study identified 15 metabolites in cats with CKD that were different from the controls. Among them were acetate, creatinine, citrate, taurine, glycine, serine and threonine. Benchtop NMR technology is capable of distinguishing between chronic kidney disease case and control samples in a pilot feline cohort based on metabolic profile. We offer perspectives on the further development of this pilot work and the potential of the technology, when combined with sample databases and computational intelligence techniques to offer a clinical decision support tool not only for cases of renal disease but other metabolic conditions in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05888-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Finch
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Benita Percival
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Elena Hunter
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Robin J Blagg
- Oxford Instruments Magnetic Resonance, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX13 5QX, UK
| | - Emily Blackwell
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - James Sagar
- Oxford Instruments Magnetic Resonance, Tubney Woods, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX13 5QX, UK
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Melissa L Mather
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Friars Gate, Solihull, B90 4BN, UK
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK.,Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Friars Gate, Solihull, B90 4BN, UK
| | - Philippe B Wilson
- Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK.
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Metabolic Profiling of Rumen Fluid and Milk in Lactating Dairy Cattle Influenced by Subclinical Ketosis Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092526. [PMID: 34573491 PMCID: PMC8471376 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ketosis metabolic research is extremely rare in Korea. This study aimed to compare the rumen fluid and milk metabolites between healthy and subclinical ketosis-diagnosed lactating dairy cattle. Six Holstein cows were allocated into two groups based on whether they fit the criteria for subclinical ketosis, and their rumen fluid and milk samples were collected from the stomach tube and pipeline milking system. Rumen fluid and milk samples metabolites were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They were identified and quantified using the Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software and statistical analysis was performed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. In rumen fluid, ruminant energy source metabolites (acetate, glucose, and propionate) were significantly higher in the healthy group, whereas in milk, ketone body metabolites (3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) were significantly higher in the subclinical ketosis-diagnosed group. This report will serve as a reference guide for future studies on ketosis metabolomics in Korea. Abstract Ketosis metabolic research on lactating dairy cattle has been conducted worldwide; however, there have been very few Korean studies. Biofluids from lactating dairy cattle are necessary to study ketosis metabolic diseases. Six Holstein cows were divided into two groups (healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis diagnosed (SCK)). Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected using a stomach tube and a pipeline milking system, respectively. Metabolites were determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and they were identified and quantified using the Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software and Metaboanalyst 5.0. In the rumen fluid of the SCK group, butyrate, sucrose, 3-hydroxybutyrate, maltose, and valerate levels were significantly higher than in the CON group, which showed higher levels of N,N-dimethylformamide, acetate, glucose, and propionate were significantly higher. Milk from the SCK group showed higher levels of maleate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, galactonate, and 3-hydroxykynurenine than that from the CON group, which showed higher levels of galactitol, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, γ-glutamylphenylalanine, 5-aminolevulinate, acetate, and methylamine. Some metabolites are associated with ketosis diseases and the quality of rumen fluid and milk. This report will serve as a future reference guide for ketosis metabolomics studies in Korea.
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