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Chen C, Mochizuki Y, Okawa S, Okubo R, Nakagawa S, Tabuchi T. Postpartum loneliness predicts future depressive symptoms: a nationwide Japanese longitudinal study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:447-457. [PMID: 38279068 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified feelings of loneliness, especially among postpartum women. This nationwide Japanese longitudinal study assessed the impact of such feelings on depressive symptoms and mother-to-infant bonding difficulties (MIBD), two pivotal determinants of maternal and infant well-being. METHODS Starting with a baseline survey conducted between July and August 2021, we tracked 1254 postpartum Japanese women who initially reported minimal depressive symptoms (i.e., Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale < 9) and MIBD (i.e., Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale < 5), over a follow-up period of approximately 6 months. Baseline loneliness was evaluated with the UCLA Loneliness Scale Short-Form (UCLA-LS3-SF3). RESULTS Forty-nine percent of the sample reported the presence of baseline feelings of loneliness. After propensity score matching on sociodemographics and various pregnancy, childbirth, and COVID-19-related aspects, baseline loneliness was associated with increased risks of later depressive symptoms but not MIBD. Using restricted cubic spline logistic regression and considering loneliness as a continuous variable, we found a positive increasing quadratic relationship with depressive symptoms. As loneliness increased, so did the risk of later depressive symptoms. However, there was no significant association between loneliness and MIBD. These results were confirmed through a sensitivity analysis using inverse probability weighting to address attrition bias. CONCLUSION Feelings of postpartum loneliness are associated with future risks of depressive symptoms. The data suggests that addressing loneliness in postpartum women early is crucial to safeguarding their well-being and that of their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
| | | | - Sumiyo Okawa
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Obihiro Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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2
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MacLeod A, Levesque J, Ward-Griffin C. Social Isolation of Older Adults, Family, and Formal Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Stories and Solutions Through Participatory Action Research. Can J Aging 2024; 43:230-243. [PMID: 37721044 DOI: 10.1017/s071498082300048x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This participatory action research (PAR) aimed to understand the health implications of guidelines impacting social isolation among frail community-dwelling older adults and their family and formal caregivers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) of data collected from 10 policy/procedural documents revealed four themes: valuing principles, identifying problem(s), setting priorities, and making recommendations. Interviews with 31 participants from Peterborough, Ontario, also revealed four themes: sacrificing social health, diminishing physical health, draining mental health, and defining supports. Recommendations to decision makers were finalized at a knowledge exchange event involving participants and members of Age-friendly Peterborough. Key findings demonstrate the need for Canadian governments and health and social service agencies to enhance access to technology-based interventions, and educational and financial resources for caregivers. Meaningful communication and collaboration between older adults, caregivers, and decision makers are also needed to reduce the gap between policy and practice when addressing social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann MacLeod
- Trent/Fleming School of Nursing, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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3
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Zhang A, Koroukian S, Owusu C, Moore SE, Momotaz H, Albert JM. Loneliness and Crowded Living Predicted Poor Health in a Sample of Cancer Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Nurs Res 2024:10547738241252889. [PMID: 38773912 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241252889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of social determinants of health (SDOH), healthcare services, and health behaviors on mental and physical health outcomes of cancer patients between the first winter and the following post-vaccine summer of the COVID-19 pandemic. A three-wave online survey of individuals diagnosed with incident cancer between January 2019 and January 2020 was conducted between November of 2020 and August of 2021 in northeast Ohio. Descriptive analysis and mixed-effect regression analyses were performed. A total of 322 newly diagnosed cancer patients, with 40 African Americans and 282 Whites (215 from metropolitan areas and 67 nonmetropolitan) responded to the survey questions. In Wave 3 ending in August 2021, the survey respondents reported significantly reduced depression (p = .019) on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and improved global health (p = .036) on PROMIS. With age, comorbidity, and other demographic and medical variables controlled in the analyses, the feeling of loneliness (p < .001) and crowded living space (p = .001, p = .015) were the two most prominent factors associated with depression, irritability, and poor global health at baseline, with the lowest p values and persistent effect. Self-efficacy of taking preventive measures was associated with reduced depression (p = .001) and improved global health (p = .029). Increasing access to medicine (p < .01) and satisfaction with telehealth appointments (p < .01) were significantly associated with better global health and reduced irritability. Respondents who had private health insurance reported better health than those that had Medicare coverage only (p < .05). This longitudinal, observational study demonstrated the impact of SDOH on health outcomes of cancer patients. Substandard living conditions resulting in loneliness and crowdedness, quality of medical care (e.g., quality telehealth and access to medicine), and personal behaviors (e.g., self-efficacy) were significantly associated with health outcomes in newly diagnosed cancer patients during the pandemic and should be given adequate consideration for the purpose of improving clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Zhang
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Siran Koroukian
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia Owusu
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott E Moore
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hasina Momotaz
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Albert
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Liu S, Haucke M, Wegner L, Gates J, Bärnighausen T, Adam M. Evidence-based health messages increase intention to cope with loneliness in Germany: a randomized controlled online trial. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:105. [PMID: 38684903 PMCID: PMC11059282 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness poses a formidable global health challenge in our volatile, post-pandemic world. Prior studies have identified promising interventions to alleviate loneliness, however, little is known about their effectiveness. This study measured the effectiveness of educational entertainment ("edutainment") and/or evidence-based, written health messages in alleviating loneliness and increasing intention to cope with loneliness. We recruited 1639 German participants, aged 18 years or older. We compared three intervention groups who received: (A) edutainment and written health messages, (B) only edutainment, or (C) only written health messages, against (D) a control group that received nothing. The primary outcomes were loneliness and intention to cope with loneliness. Participants were also invited to leave comments about the interventions or about their perception or experiences with loneliness. We found a small (d = 0.254) but significant effect of the written messages on increased intention to cope with loneliness (b = 1.78, t(1602) = 2.91, P = 0.004), while a combination of edutainment and written messages significantly decreased loneliness scores (b = -0.25, t(1602) = -2.06, P = 0.04) when compared with the control, even after adjusting for covariables including baseline values, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and hope. We also observed significantly higher self-esteem scores after exposure to a combination of edutainment and written messages (b = 0.821, t(1609) = 1.76, one-tailed P = 0.039) and significantly higher hope scores after exposure to edutainment-only (b = 0.986, t(1609) = 1.85, one-tailed P = 0.032) when compared with the control group. Our study highlights the benefits of using written messages for increasing intention to cope with loneliness and a combination of edutainment and written messages for easing loneliness. Even in small "doses" (less than 6 min of exposure), edutainment can nurture hope, and edutainment combined with written messages can boost self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Campus Charité Mitte), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Haucke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Campus Charité Mitte), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Wegner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Campus Charité Mitte), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gates
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Maya Adam
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Mitsuhashi T. Heterogeneity of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Metabolic Syndrome onset at a Japanese campus. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17013. [PMID: 38590703 PMCID: PMC11000644 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak began in China in December 2019, with the World Health Organization declaring a state of emergency in January 2020. Worldwide implementation of lockdown measures to slow the spread of the virus led to reduced physical activity, disrupted eating habits, mental health issues, and sleep disturbances, which increased the risk of lifestyle-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, especially intensive care workers, experienced longer working hours and burnout, which further increased the risk of lifestyle-related diseases. Accordingly, it is important to identify individuals at a risk of new-onset MetS during a pandemic, which could direct preventive interventions. This study aimed to assess the heterogeneous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of new-onset MetS based on the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) and to identify at-risk populations. Methods This study analyzed health checkup data obtained from Okayama University Shikata Campus workers using paired baseline and follow-up years. Baseline data encompassed 2017 to 2019, with respective follow-up data from 2018 to 2020. Furthermore, as the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan began in January 2020, workers who underwent follow-up health checkups in 2018 to 2019 and 2020 were considered as "unexposed" and "exposed," respectively. As the Shikata campus has several departments, comparisons among departments were made. The primary outcome was new-onset MetS at follow-up. Predictor variables included baseline health checkup results, sex, age, and department (administrative, research, medical, or intensive care department). X-learner was used to calculate the CATE. Results This study included 3,572 eligible individuals (unexposed, n = 2,181; exposed, n = 1,391). Among them, 1,544 (70.8%) and 866 (62.3%) participants in the unexposed and exposed groups, respectively, were females. The mean age (±standard deviation) of the unexposed and exposed groups was 48.2 ± 8.2 and 47.8 ± 8.3 years, respectively. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the average probability of new-onset MetS by 4.4% in the overall population. According to the department, the intensive care department showed the highest CATE, with a 15.4% increase. Moreover, there was large heterogeneity according to the department. The high-CATE group was characterized by older age, urinary protein, elevated liver enzymes, higher triglyceride levels, and a history of hyperlipidemia treatment. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic increased the incidence of new-onset MetS, with this effect showing heterogeneity at a single Japanese campus. Regarding specific populations, workers in the intensive care department showed an increased risk of new-onset MetS. At-risk populations require specific preventive interventions in case the current COVID-19 pandemic persists or a new pandemic occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
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Jonsson F, Olofsson B, Söderberg S, Niklasson J. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in very old people in Sweden. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299098. [PMID: 38564616 PMCID: PMC10986980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden implemented social distancing measures to reduce infection rates. However, the recommendation meant to protect individuals particularly at risk may have had negative consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on very old Swedish peoples' mental health and factors associated with a decline in mental health. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among previous participants of the SilverMONICA (MONItoring of Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular disease) study. Of 394 eligible participants, 257 (65.2%) agreed to participate. Of these, 250 individuals reported mental health impact from COVID-19. Structured telephone interviews were carried out during the spring of 2021. Data were analysed using the χ2 test, t-test, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS Of 250 individuals (mean age: 85.5 ± 3.3 years, 54.0% women), 75 (30.0%) reported a negative impact on mental health, while 175 (70.0%) reported either a positive impact (n = 4) or no impact at all (n = 171). In the binary logistic regression model, factors associated with a decline in mental health included loneliness (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) (3.87 [1.83-8.17]) and difficulty adhering to social distancing recommendations (5.10 [1.92-13.53]). High morale was associated with positive or no impact on mental health (0.37 [0.17-0.82]). CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of very old people reported a negative impact on mental health from the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily from loneliness and difficulty adhering to social distancing measures, while high morale seemed to be a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Jonsson
- Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Olofsson
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Orthopedics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Niklasson
- Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Schoenmakers EC, Lasgaard M, McHugh Power J. Guidelines for evaluating and reporting social isolation and loneliness interventions. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241238127. [PMID: 38527950 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241238127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the unpleasant nature of social isolation and loneliness (SIL) and their negative effects on health and wellbeing, interventions are needed. However, persistent issues in the design, evaluation, and reporting of SIL interventions preclude conclusive evidence and commentary on the effectiveness of SIL interventions. Here, we propose guidelines for evaluating SIL interventions, firstly by operationalising them into two categories: (1) interventions aiming to reduce SIL as a primary outcome and (2) interventions aiming to improve non-SIL outcomes in the lives of individuals experiencing SIL. Secondly, we evaluate instruments for measuring SIL and research designs for studying intervention effectiveness. Thirdly, guidelines for reporting information about the intervention, study design, results, and discussion in SIL intervention studies are presented. These guidelines will help researchers to better and more consistently report on SIL interventions and improve comparability of SIL interventions, ultimately contributing to the improvement of interventions and to the mitigation of SIL.
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8
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Choi HS, Na H. Factors Affecting Well-Being in Korean Young Adults Facing Material Deprivation: Testing the Reserve Capacity Model. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024; 62:29-38. [PMID: 37646602 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230818-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the reserve capacity model, the current study aims to explore the effect of material deprivation on well-being in Korean young adults using path analysis to investigate the mediating effects of loneliness, relationship satisfaction, perceived social support, and depression. Data from 2,041 young adults in the 2021 Youth Socio-Economic Reality Survey were included in a secondary analysis. According to the constructed path model, material deprivation, relationship satisfaction, perceived social support, and depression had significant direct effects on well-being. The indirect effect of material deprivation on well-being was statistically significant and sequentially mediated by loneliness, relationship satisfaction, and depression. Findings suggest the multidimensional effects of material deprivation on the mental health and well-being of Korean young adults through loneliness and relationship satisfaction-representing intrapersonal and interpersonal reserves, respectively. Policy support and multidimensional practical programs are needed to help materially deprived young adults build and maintain relationships and avoid feelings of loneliness and social isolation. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(3), 29-38.].
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Matthews T, Rasmussen LJH, Ambler A, Danese A, Eugen-Olsen J, Fancourt D, Fisher HL, Iversen KK, Schultz M, Sugden K, Williams B, Caspi A, Moffitt TE. Social isolation, loneliness, and inflammation: A multi-cohort investigation in early and mid-adulthood. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:727-736. [PMID: 37992788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with poor health and increased risk for mortality, and inflammation might explain this link. We used data from the Danish TRIAGE Study of acutely admitted medical patients (N = 6,144, mean age 60 years), and from two population-representative birth cohorts: the New Zealand Dunedin Longitudinal Study (N = 881, age 45) and the UK Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study (N = 1448, age 18), to investigate associations of social isolation with three markers of systemic inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and a newer inflammation marker, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), which is thought to index systemic chronic inflammation. In the TRIAGE Study, socially isolated patients (those living alone) had significantly higher median levels of suPAR (but not CRP or IL-6) compared with patients not living by themselves. Social isolation prospectively measured in childhood was longitudinally associated with higher CRP, IL-6, and suPAR levels in adulthood (at age 45 in the Dunedin Study and age 18 in the E-Risk Study), but only suPAR remained associated after controlling for covariates. Dunedin Study participants who reported loneliness at age 38 or age 45 had elevated suPAR at age 45. In contrast, E-Risk Study participants reporting loneliness at age 18 did not show any elevated markers of inflammation. In conclusion, social isolation was robustly associated with increased inflammation in adulthood, both in medical patients and in the general population. It was associated in particular with systemic chronic inflammation, evident from the consistently stronger associations with suPAR than other inflammation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Matthews
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Line Jee Hartmann Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Antony Ambler
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National and Specialist CAMHS Trauma and Anxiety Clinic, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; ViroGates A/S, Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Schultz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chua CMS, Chua JYX, Shorey S. Effectiveness of home-based interventions in improving loneliness and social connectedness among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1-10. [PMID: 37466183 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2237919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of home-based interventions in improving loneliness and social connectedness (primary outcomes), and depressive symptoms (secondary outcome) among older adults. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched from inception dates to February 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and Cochran's Q chi-squared test. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to appraise the included studies. RESULTS Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included. Home-based interventions were found to significantly increase older adults' social connectedness (social support and social engagement) and reduce their loneliness and depressive symptoms. Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions which lasted more than three months and were delivered using mixed platforms were more favorable. Both professional-led and volunteer-led interventions showed favorable results. CONCLUSIONS Future studies could be conducted in varied geographical regions and consider carrying out follow-up assessments. Home-based interventions could be improved by being more than months, delivered by mixed personnel, and using mixed platforms. Considering the low-quality rating by the GRADE approach, future research is needed to confirm current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Min Siu Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joelle Yan Xin Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Nguyen LT, Prophater LE, Fazio S, Hülür G, Tate R, Sherwin K, Shatzer J, Peterson LJ, Haley WE. Project VITAL at Home: Impact of Technology on Loneliness and Well-Being of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:149-160. [PMID: 36111824 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Project VITAL At Home aimed to combat social isolation and loneliness in family caregivers of people with dementia through purposeful engagement and connection. This project examined the effects of technology on caregiver loneliness and well-being, as well as their technology experiences, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Family caregivers were provided iN2L tablets and access to Alzheimer's Association supportive programs. Caregivers (n = 124) completed online surveys at pre and post evaluation points (average 7 months apart) to assess loneliness, subjective well-being (affect), supportive program usage, and tablet experiences. RESULTS Family caregivers had positive perceptions of the tablets for both themselves and their family members. Tablets had positive effects on caregiver well-being, including giving them an additional caregiver tool, alleviating stress, increasing satisfaction with quiet time, and improving access to supportive programs. Caregiver positive affect decreased, but no changes were observed for negative affect or loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Family caregivers found value in the tablets and showed improvements in some aspects of well-being. Randomized trials are needed to more fully assess the benefits of the intervention. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Pairing tablets with caregiving supports is a promising intervention to improve caregivers' access to vital resources and services and to improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia T Nguyen
- Product Management, iN2L, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Sam Fazio
- Care & Support, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gizem Hülür
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rio Tate
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kasia Sherwin
- Care & Support, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie Shatzer
- Care & Support, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lindsay J Peterson
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William E Haley
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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12
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Denkova E, Barry J, Zanesco AP, Rooks J, Rogers SL, Jha AP. Online mindfulness training for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial using a multi-method assessment approach. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:130-141. [PMID: 37702364 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic drastically accelerated the need for studies examining the effectiveness of programs to bolster psychological well-being, particularly for at-risk groups, such as older adults (OAs). Mindfulness Training (MT) has been suggested as a well-suited program for this purpose. The present study examined the impact of a 4-week online, trainer-led MT course tailored for OAs during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Fifty-three OAs were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B. Group A received the online MT course during the 4-week interval between the first (T1) and second (T2) testing sessions, while Group B received the same MT course during the interval between T2 and the third testing session (T3). The testing sessions included measures of mindfulness, emotional well-being, psychological health, and cognitive performance. In addition, a very brief survey was sent every week during the T1-T2 and T2-T3 intervals to assess weekly emotional well-being. RESULTS The findings revealed that MT may improve some, albeit not all, aspects of mindfulness and well-being, while no significant results were noted for outcomes measuring psychological health and cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings are discussed in the context of the evolving COVID-19 situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Denkova
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Jordan Barry
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Anthony P Zanesco
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Scott L Rogers
- School of Law, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Amishi P Jha
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Dubé CE, Nielsen N, McPhillips E, Lee Hargraves J, Cosenza C, Jesdale B, Lapane KL. U.S. nursing home leadership experiences with COVID-19 and its impact on residents and staff: A qualitative analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293336. [PMID: 38113231 PMCID: PMC10729989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore experiences of U.S. (United States) nursing home leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic in their efforts to address resident loneliness and social isolation and to elicit stories about personal and professional impacts on themselves and staff. DESIGN Qualitative inquiry via three optional open-ended questions appended to a national self-administered survey of American nursing home leaders was employed. Textual data was analyzed using an iterative reflexive thematic approach. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A stratified sample frame defined by facility size (beds: 30-99, 100+) and quality ratings (1, 2-4, 5) was employed. Web survey links and paper surveys were sent to 1,676 nursing home directors of nursing between February and May 2022. RESULTS Open text responses were collected from 271 nursing homes. Broad themes included: 1) Addressing needs of residents & families; 2) Challenges; and 3) Personal experiences of nursing home leadership/staff. Respondents described trauma to residents, staff, and leadership. Resident loneliness was addressed using existing and newer technologies and innovative indoor and outdoor activities. Residents experienced fear, illness, loss, and sometimes death. Isolation from family and lack of touch were particularly difficult. Regulations were seen as punitive while ignoring emotional needs of residents. Staffing challenges and pressures to do more with less created additional stress. Leadership and staff made significant sacrifices resulting in physical, social, and emotional consequences. Beneficial outcomes included staff bonding, professional growth, and permanent implementation of new interventions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS New and creative interventions were successfully implemented to address social isolation and loneliness. Improved Wi-Fi and other nursing home infrastructure upgrades are needed to maintain them. Reimagining often conflicting overlapping federal, state, and local regulations, grounding them in good clinical judgement, and incentivizing performance improvement should be considered. Trauma experienced by staff needs to be addressed to deal with current and future workforce needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Dubé
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natalia Nielsen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily McPhillips
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. Lee Hargraves
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carol Cosenza
- Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bill Jesdale
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kate L. Lapane
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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14
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Grishina M, Rooney RM, Millar L, Mann R, Mancini VO. The effectiveness of community friendship groups on participant social and mental health: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1078268. [PMID: 38130971 PMCID: PMC10733530 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social disconnectedness and isolation are risk factors for poor mental health. Community-based friendship group interventions have been designed to increase an individual's social capital and consequently their mental wellbeing. Structured and unstructured friendship groups reflect two distinct approaches to friendship group interventions. Methods This meta-analysis investigated whether structured or unstructured community friendship groups are more effective for mental health and social capital outcomes. A systematic search of quantitative studies was conducted across seven databases and study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. Eight studies (2 unstructured and 6 structured friendship groups) were included in the review, published between 2005 and 2020. Results Structured friendship groups had a small significant effect on reducing participant depression symptoms. There was not enough available data to compare the effectiveness of structured and unstructured groups for mental health outcomes. There was substantial heterogeneity between studies to calculate pooled effect sizes for any social capital outcomes. Data synthesis indicated mixed reviews for social capital outcomes, likely due to the large heterogeneity and limited studies. Discussion This meta-analysis provides limited support for positive mental health outcomes following structured community-based friendship group interventions. There is a need for additional research as a large research gap remains, particularly for unstructured friendship groups. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=260639, CRD42021260639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Grishina
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rosanna Mary Rooney
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lynne Millar
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel Mann
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vincent Oreste Mancini
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Fathering Project, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Zhang X, Brown AM, Rhubart DC. Can Resilience Buffer the Effects of Loneliness on Mental Distress Among Working-Age Adults in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Latent Moderated Structural Modeling Analysis. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:790-800. [PMID: 36631701 PMCID: PMC9838440 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The profound health consequences of loneliness are well-established. However, less is known about the protective factors which may alleviate the effects of loneliness on mental health especially among working-age adults amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on the social ecology of resilience and examine whether resilience factors can buffer the effects of loneliness on mental distress. METHODS Data came from the National Well-being Survey-a national study of a demographically representative sample of U.S. working-age adults (N = 4014). We used (a) structural equation models with latent variables to examine the main effects of loneliness, psychological resilience, and perceived social support on mental distress, and (b) latent moderated structural equations to estimate the latent interaction effects. RESULTS Results revealed that (a) loneliness was positively associated with mental distress and psychological resilience was negatively related to mental distress, and (b) psychological resilience and perceived social support moderated the strength of the relationship between loneliness and mental distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of psychological resilience and perceived social support as two protective factors in the relationship between loneliness and mental distress. Given that loneliness significantly predicts worse mental and physical health and higher mortality, identifying protective factors that might disrupt these connections is vital. As such, public health efforts to strengthen and expand familial and community social support networks and foster psychological resilience are urgently needed to support mental health among working-age adults during additional waves of the pandemic or future similar stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA.
| | - Austin McNeill Brown
- Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Danielle C Rhubart
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
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Welch V, Ghogomu ET, Barbeau VI, Dowling S, Doyle R, Beveridge E, Boulton E, Desai P, Huang J, Elmestekawy N, Hussain T, Wadhwani A, Boutin S, Haitas N, Kneale D, Salzwedel DM, Simard R, Hébert P, Mikton C. Digital interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness in older adults: An evidence and gap map. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 19:e1369. [PMID: 38024780 PMCID: PMC10681039 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Social isolation and loneliness are more common in older adults and are associated with a serious impact on their well-being, mental health, physical health, and longevity. They are a public health concern highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, hence the need for digital technology tools to enable remotely delivered interventions to alleviate the impact of social isolation and loneliness during the COVID-19 restrictions. Objectives To map available evidence on the effects of digital interventions to mitigate social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults in all settings except hospital settings. Search Methods We searched the following databases from inception to May 16, 2021, with no language restrictions. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science via Clarivate, ProQuest (all databases), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) via ProQuest, EBSCO (all databases except CINAHL), Global Index Medicus, and Epistemonikos. Selection Criteria Titles and abstracts and full text of potentially eligible articles were independently screened in duplicate following the eligibility criteria. Data Collection and Analysis We developed and pilot tested a data extraction code set in Eppi-Reviewer and data were individually extracted and coded based on an intervention-outcome framework which was also used to define the dimensions of the evidence and gap map. Main Results We included 200 articles (103 primary studies and 97 systematic reviews) that assessed the effects of digital interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness in older adults. Most of the systematic reviews (72%) were classified as critically low quality, only 2% as high quality and 25% were published since the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence is unevenly distributed with clusters predominantly in high-income countries and none in low-income countries. The most common interventions identified are digital interventions to enhance social interactions with family and friends and the community via videoconferencing and telephone calls. Digital interventions to enhance social support, particularly socially assistive robots, and virtual pets were also common. Most interventions focused on reducing loneliness and depression and improving quality of life of older adults. Major gaps were identified in community level outcomes and process indicators. No included studies or reviews assessed affordability or digital divide although the value of accessibility and barriers caused by digital divide were discussed in three primary studies and three reviews. Adverse effects were reported in only two studies and six reviews. No study or review included participants from the LGBTQIA2S+ community and only one study restricted participants to 80 years and older. Very few described how at-risk populations were recruited or conducted any equity analysis to assess differences in effects for populations experiencing inequities across PROGRESS-Plus categories. Authors' Conclusions The restrictions placed on people during the pandemic have shone a spotlight onto social isolation and loneliness, particularly for older adults. This evidence and gap map shows available evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions for reducing social isolation or loneliness in older adults. Although the evidence is relatively large and recent, it is unevenly distributed and there is need for more high-quality research. This map can guide researchers and funders to consider areas of major gaps as priorities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Welch
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Sierra Dowling
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Ella Beveridge
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Elisabeth Boulton
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Payaam Desai
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jimmy Huang
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Arpana Wadhwani
- Methods Centre, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Dylan Kneale
- Social Science Research Unit, EPPI‐Centre, UCL Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Douglas M. Salzwedel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Paul Hébert
- Bruyère Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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Ellard OB, Dennison C, Tuomainen H. Review: Interventions addressing loneliness amongst university students: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 28:512-523. [PMID: 36496554 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is detrimental to mental health, with university students at higher risk of feeling lonely than other population groups. However, little research has explored interventions to reduce loneliness among students. This review identifies the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions targeting university/college students. METHODS PsycINFO, Medline, ASSIA and Web of Science were searched from inception using keywords linked to 'loneliness', 'intervention' and 'students'. Relevant peer and nonpeer-reviewed English-language articles on studies implementing an intervention with loneliness as an outcome and investigating undergraduate or postgraduate students at a higher education institution were included for quality analysis and narrative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed at both study level and at outcome level. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were included, comprising 25 quantitative and three qualitative studies, covering 37 interventions, most implemented in the United States. Interventions were based on psychoeducation, social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises. The age of the participants (n = 2339) ranged from 17.62 to 25 (mean age 20.63) years. Evidence from the RCTs suggests that most interventions influenced loneliness outcomes, but the magnitude of the benefit is unclear. Across quantitative studies, 80% (16/20) of interventions based on either social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises, and 50% (7/14) of interventions based on psychoeducation were deemed effective in reducing loneliness. Most interventions measured quantitatively were delivered in a group setting, of which two thirds were considered effective in reducing loneliness scores, regardless of intervention. CONCLUSIONS Universities have a choice of interventions to help reduce loneliness among students either on campus or virtually. Ones promoting social connectedness appear to be more successful. More high-quality studies in a larger number of countries are needed, taking vulnerable student groups into consideration.
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Kutoane M, Scott T, Brysiewicz P. "Feeling Like an Island": Perceptions of Professional Isolation Among Emergency Nurses. J Emerg Nurs 2023; 49:881-889. [PMID: 37656113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional isolation, feelings of being isolated from one's professional peers and lacking mentoring and opportunities for professional interaction, collaboration, and development, is a challenge for workers across the labor market. The notion of professional isolation is particularly prevalent in low-resource health care settings and is common among emergency nurses. METHODS This study explored the perceptions of professional isolation among emergency nurses working in a low-resource environment using individual interviews with 13 participants in 5 settings in Lesotho. RESULTS The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and revealed an overarching theme of "feeling like an island" containing 3 categories, namely lack of interprofessional collaboration and consultation, skills mismatch, and enforced loneliness. DISCUSSION This study suggests that lack of interprofessional collaboration and consultation, skills mismatch, and enforced loneliness have influenced feelings of professional isolation among emergency nurses working in low-resource environments. The findings of this research lend support to the idea that communities of practice may have a potential impact in addressing professional isolation.
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19
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Fuller-Thomson E, Dolhai H, MacNeil A, Li G, Jiang Y, De Groh M. Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among older Canadians with peptic ulcer disease: Analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289932. [PMID: 37851639 PMCID: PMC10584121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures have exacerbated many known risk factors for depression that may be particularly concerning for individuals with chronic health conditions, such as peptic ulcer disease (PUD). In a large longitudinal sample of older adults with PUD, the current study examined the incidence of depression during the pandemic among those without a pre-pandemic history of depression (n = 689) and the recurrence of depression among those with a history of depression (n = 451). Data came from four waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with incident and recurrent depression. Among older adults with PUD and without a history of depression, approximately 1 in 8 (13.0%) developed depression for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those with a history of depression, approximately 1 in 2 (46.6%) experienced depression during the pandemic. The risk of incident depression and recurrent depression was higher among those who were lonely, those with functional limitations, and those who experienced an increase in family conflict during the pandemic. The risk of incident depression only was higher among women, individuals whose income did not satisfy their basic needs, those who were themselves ill and/or those whose loved ones were ill or died during the pandemic, and those who had disruptions to healthcare access during the pandemic. The risk of recurrent depression only was higher among those with chronic pain and those who had difficulty accessing medication during the pandemic. Implications for interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah Dolhai
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andie MacNeil
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Li
- Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret De Groh
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Licht A, Wetzker W, Scholz J, Scherag A, Weis S, Pletz MW, Bauer M, Dickmann P. Public health risk communication through the lens of a quarantined community: Insights from a coronavirus hotspot in Germany. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292248. [PMID: 37824455 PMCID: PMC10569635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quarantine is one of the most effective interventions to contain an infectious disease outbreak, yet it is one of the most disruptive. We investigated the quarantine of an entire village to better understand risk communication requirements for groups. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey study on a single cohort of adult residents in Neustadt am Rennsteig, Germany, six weeks after the removal of a 14-day mandatory community quarantine. The survey response rate was 33% (289/883 residents). FINDINGS Survey participants reported a lack of information on the quarantine implementation process. What authorities communicated was not necessarily what residents desired to know. While inhabitants used social media and telephones to communicate with each other, the official information sources were regional radio, television, newspapers and official websites. Public health authorities did not employ social media communication to engage with their communities. Despite a lack of information, the majority of respondents stated that they had complied with the quarantine and they expressed little sympathy for those who violated the quarantine. After lifting the quarantine, many respondents continued to avoid places where they suspected a significant risk of infection, such as family and friends' homes, doctor's offices and grocery stores. INTERPRETATION The survey participants utilised existing social networks to disseminate vital information and stabilise its group identity and behaviour (quarantine compliance). The authorities communicated sparsely in a unidirectional, top-down manner, without engaging the community. Despite the lack of official information, the social coherency of the group contributed to considerate and compliant conduct, but participants expressed dissatisfaction with official leadership and asked for more attention. CONCLUSION Public health risk communication must engage with communities more effectively. This necessitates a deeper comprehension of groups, their modes of communication and their social needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Licht
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Wibke Wetzker
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Juliane Scholz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Infection Biology and Natural Product Research, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Dickmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Brailovskaia J, Schneider S, Zhang XC, Margraf J. How Do Adherence to COVID-19 Mitigation Measures and Its Predictors Change between 2020 and 2021? An Explorative Investigation in Eight European Union and Non-European Union Countries. Psychopathology 2023; 57:123-135. [PMID: 37820601 DOI: 10.1159/000533647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures is an important vehicle that has contributed to the fight against the pandemic. The present study investigated potential changes of the level of adherence and its predictors between 2020 and 2021 in eight countries. METHODS Adherence to COVID-19 measures and its potential predictors (perception of usefulness of the measures, rating of the governmental COVID-19 communication, mental health variables, COVID-19 burden) were compared between representative population samples from European Union countries (France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden) and non-European Union countries (Russia, UK, USA) assessed in 2020 (N = 7,658) and 2021 (N = 8,244). RESULTS In the overall sample, multiple analyses of variance revealed significantly higher levels of adherence to the measures, their perception as useful, positive mental health, and feelings of being well supported and well informed by governments in 2020 than in 2021. In contrast, feelings of being left alone and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher in 2021 than in 2020. In France, Poland, Spain, and the UK, the adherence level was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2021. In European Union countries, ratings of governmental communication were less positive, and levels of mental health were lower in 2021 than in 2020. In non-European countries, an opposite result pattern was found. CONCLUSION The current results indicate a decrease in adherence to the mitigation measures and factors that could foster it. Potential ways how governments and authorities could enhance the population's trust in COVID-19 mitigation measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner Site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Takahashi J, Yamada D, Nagano W, Saitoh A. The Role of Oxytocin in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Relationship with Social Interaction. Cells 2023; 12:2426. [PMID: 37887270 PMCID: PMC10604997 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the most common cause of dementia in the elderly-is characterized by progressive memory loss and β-amyloid protein (Aβ) accumulation in the brain. Recently, loneliness was found to be a high risk factor for AD, and social isolation has become a major cause of AD. AD. Oxytocin (OXT), the main hormone involved in social bonding, has been implicated in social interactions, notably in building trust and relationships. Moreover, social isolation or social enrichment modulates the activation of neurons related to OXT. Recently, we reported that OXT reverses learning and memory impairment in AD animal models. Based on the limited number of studies currently available, OXT might be a therapeutic target for AD. Further studies are necessary in order to better understand the role of oxytocin in AD. In this review, we described the relationships between OXT, AD, and social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Akiyoshi Saitoh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan; (J.T.); (D.Y.); (W.N.)
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23
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Parenteau AM, Boyer CJ, Campos LJ, Carranza AF, Deer LK, Hartman DT, Bidwell JT, Hostinar CE. A review of mental health disparities during COVID-19: Evidence, mechanisms, and policy recommendations for promoting societal resilience. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1821-1842. [PMID: 36097815 PMCID: PMC10008755 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Social and economic inequality are chronic stressors that continually erode the mental and physical health of marginalized groups, undermining overall societal resilience. In this comprehensive review, we synthesize evidence of greater increases in mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among socially or economically marginalized groups in the United States, including (a) people who are low income or experiencing homelessness, (b) racial and ethnic minorities, (c) women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) communities, (d) immigrants and migrants, (e) children and people with a history of childhood adversity, and (f) the socially isolated and lonely. Based on this evidence, we propose that reducing social and economic inequality would promote population mental health and societal resilience to future crises. Specifically, we propose concrete, actionable recommendations for policy, intervention, and practice that would bolster five "pillars" of societal resilience: (1) economic safety and equity, (2) accessible healthcare, including mental health services, (3) combating racial injustice and promoting respect for diversity, equity, and inclusion, (4) child and family protection services, and (5) social cohesion. Although the recent pandemic exposed and accentuated steep inequalities within our society, efforts to rebuild offer the opportunity to re-envision societal resilience and policy to reduce multiple forms of inequality for our collective benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Parenteau
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
- Center for Poverty and Inequality Research, University of California-Davis
| | - Chase J. Boyer
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California-Davis
| | | | | | - LillyBelle K. Deer
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
- Center for Poverty and Inequality Research, University of California-Davis
| | | | - Julie T. Bidwell
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California-Davis
| | - Camelia E. Hostinar
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
- Center for Poverty and Inequality Research, University of California-Davis
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Ramachandran S, Soheilipour S, Ford NL, Brondani MA. Exploring stressors and coping strategies among dental students during COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:1427-1436. [PMID: 37429731 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress among undergraduate dental students; coping mechanisms might be employed to deal with such stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the coping strategies employed by dental students at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in response to their self-perceived stressors during the pandemic. METHODS An anonymous 35-item survey was distributed to all four cohorts of UBC undergraduate dental students enrolled in the 2021-2022 academic year, 229 students in total. The survey gathered sociodemographic information, self-perceived COVID-19-related stressor, and coping strategies via the Brief Cope Inventory. Adaptive and maladaptive coping were compared among the years of study, self-perceived stressors, sex, ethnicity, and living situations. RESULTS Of the 229 eligible students, 182 (79.5%) responded to the survey. Of the 171 students that reported a major self-perceived stressor, 99 (57.9%) of them were stressed about clinical skill deficit due to the pandemic; fear of contraction was reported by 27 (15.8%). Acceptance, self-distraction, and positive reframing were the most used coping strategies among all students. The one-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in the adaptive coping scores among the four student cohorts (p = 0.001). Living alone was found to be a significant predictor for maladaptive coping (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The main cause of stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic for dental students at UBC is their clinical skills being negatively affected. Coping strategies including acceptance and self-distraction were identified. Continued mitigation efforts should be made to address students' mental health concerns and create a supportive learning environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ramachandran
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shimae Soheilipour
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nancy L Ford
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mario A Brondani
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hernández-López MJ, Ruzafa-Martínez M, Leal-Costa C, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Díaz-García I, López-Pérez MV, Hernández-Méndez S, García-González J. Effects of a Clinical Simulation-Based Training Program for Nursing Students to Address Social Isolation and Loneliness in the Elderly: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2587. [PMID: 37761784 PMCID: PMC10531334 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The population of older adults is rapidly increasing worldwide, presenting both prospects and complexities for society and healthcare professionals to maximize the functional capacity of this age group. Social isolation and loneliness significantly affect this population. The objective was to determine the effectiveness, satisfaction, and perceptions of the simulation-based education practices of a training program for nursing students, which was created to palliate the social isolation and loneliness of older adults. METHOD A quasi-experimental study was conducted with nursing students who participated in an online training program using teleservice based on high-fidelity clinical simulation. The program included asynchronous theoretical training and synchronous practical training using an online platform. Five scenarios were designed using simulated phone calls to address the social isolation and loneliness of older adults. RESULTS Twenty-five nursing students participated in the program, and they had a mean age of 27.44, with 76% of them being women. After the training program, the participants showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) with respect to their knowledge and attitudes towards older adults, and the program was adapted to the best educational practices in simulations. CONCLUSIONS Simulation-based online training efficiently improved the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students towards older adults, improving their ability to address social isolation and loneliness. The high satisfaction and adhesion to the best educational practices underline the usefulness of high-fidelity online simulations, especially in situations in which face-to-face training is not feasible, and accessibility and equilibrium could be guaranteed between work and personal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Hernández-López
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Av de las Fuerzas Armadas, 30800 Lorca, Spain; (M.J.H.-L.); (I.D.-G.); (M.V.L.-P.); (S.H.-M.)
| | - María Ruzafa-Martínez
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Av. Buenavista, 32, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (A.J.R.-M.)
| | - César Leal-Costa
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Av. Buenavista, 32, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (A.J.R.-M.)
| | - Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Av. Buenavista, 32, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (A.J.R.-M.)
| | - Isidora Díaz-García
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Av de las Fuerzas Armadas, 30800 Lorca, Spain; (M.J.H.-L.); (I.D.-G.); (M.V.L.-P.); (S.H.-M.)
| | - María Verónica López-Pérez
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Av de las Fuerzas Armadas, 30800 Lorca, Spain; (M.J.H.-L.); (I.D.-G.); (M.V.L.-P.); (S.H.-M.)
| | - Solanger Hernández-Méndez
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, University of Murcia, Av de las Fuerzas Armadas, 30800 Lorca, Spain; (M.J.H.-L.); (I.D.-G.); (M.V.L.-P.); (S.H.-M.)
| | - Jessica García-González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Carr. Sacramento, s/n, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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Zhong BL, Yuan MD, Li F, Sun P. The Psychological Network of Loneliness Symptoms Among Chinese Residents During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3767-3776. [PMID: 37705850 PMCID: PMC10497046 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s424565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Social distancing measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to increased levels of loneliness, but the specific interactions between loneliness symptoms in the context of the pandemic remain unknown. This study characterized the psychological network of loneliness symptoms in residents during the initial wave of COVID-19 outbreak in China. Patients and Methods The study recruited 8472 Chinese residents (61.5% women, aged 33.0±10.6 years) through online snowball sampling. The Six-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS) was used to measure loneliness symptoms. Central symptoms of and bridge symptoms between emotional and social loneliness subscales were identified based on centrality and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedures. Results The nodes in the loneliness network were separated into two groups, corresponding to the social and emotional loneliness domains of the DJGLS. The strongest direction association was between "no reliable people" and "no trustworthy people" (edge weight=0.546). "No trustworthy people" has the highest node strength (1.047) in the loneliness network, followed by "emptiness sense" (0.767) and "no reliable people" (0.749). "Feeling of rejection" (1.672) and "no close people" (0.403) showed the first and second highest bridge strengths, respectively. Both the stability and accuracy tests supported robustness of the whole network. Conclusion Interventions targeting central symptoms "no trustworthy people" and "emptiness sense" and central bridge symptom "feeling of rejection" may be effective for alleviating the overall level of loneliness in pandemic-affected Chinese residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Di Yuan
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Huangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Huangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Simpson R, Szigeti Z, Sheppard CL, Minezes J, Hitzig SL, Mayo AL, Robinson L, Lung M, Wasilewski MB. The experiences of patients, family caregivers, healthcare providers, and health service leaders with compassionate care following hospitalization with COVID-19: a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:2896-2905. [PMID: 36354063 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the experiences of patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and health service leaders of compassion in the care of people hospitalized with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of qualitative data deriving from primary research data on recommendations for healthcare organizations providing care to people hospitalized with COVID-19. Participants comprised patients with COVID-19 (n = 10), family caregivers (n = 5) and HCPs in COVID-19 units (n = 12). Primary research data were analyzed deductively under the "lens" of compassion, as defined by Goetz. RESULTS Four interacting themes were found: (1) COVID-19 - to care or not to care? The importance of feeling safe, (2) A lonely illness - suffering in isolation with COVID-19, (3) Compassionate care for people with COVID-19 across the hospital continuum, and (4) Sustaining compassionate care for people hospitalized with COVID-19 - healthcare provider compassion fatigue and burnout. CONCLUSIONS Compassionate care is not a given for people hospitalized with COVID-19. Healthcare providers must feel safe to provide care before responding compassionately. People hospitalized with COVID-19 experience additional suffering through isolation. Compassionate care for people hospitalized with COVID-19 is more readily identifiable in the rehabilitation setting. However, compassion fatigue and burnout in this context threaten healthcare sustainability.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONHealthcare providers need to feel physically and psychologically safe to provide compassionate care for people hospitalized with COVID-19.People hospitalized with COVID-19 infection experience added suffering through the socially isolating effects of physical distancing.Compassion and virtuous behaviours displayed by healthcare providers are expected and valued by patients and caregivers, including during the COVID-19 pandemic.High levels of compassion fatigue and burnout threaten the sustainability of hospital-based care for people with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Simpson
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Christine L Sheppard
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sander L Hitzig
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amanda L Mayo
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lawrence Robinson
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Lung
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marina B Wasilewski
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Welch V, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Dowling S, Choo WY, Yunus RM, Mohd TAMT, Haitas N, Bomze S, Dahrouge S, Garcia E, Holt‐Lunstad J, Lasgaard M, Lim MH, Mulligan K, Salzwedel DM, Qualter P, Hébert PC, Mikton C. PROTOCOL: In-person interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness: An evidence and gap map. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 19:e1340. [PMID: 37361556 PMCID: PMC10286723 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This is the protocol for an evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: This EGM aims to map available evidence on the effects of in-person interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness across all age groups in all settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Raudah M. Yunus
- Public Health MedicineUniversiti Teknologi MARASungai BulohMalaysia
| | | | | | - Sivan Bomze
- Canadian Red CrossMississaugaCanada
- Canadian Red CrossMississaugaCanada
| | | | - Edward Garcia
- Foundation for Social ConnectionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | - Mathias Lasgaard
- DEFACTUM ‐ Public Health and Health Services ResearchCentral Denmark RegionAarhus NDenmark
| | - Michelle H. Lim
- University of Sydney, School of Public HealthSydneyAustralia
- Ending Loneliness TogetherMelbourneAustralia
| | - Kate Mulligan
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthTorontoCanada
| | - Douglas M. Salzwedel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Pamela Qualter
- University of Manchester, Mancehster Institute of EducationManchesterUK
| | - Paul C. Hébert
- Bruyere Research InstitutePalliative Care University of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Christopher Mikton
- World Health Organization, Department of Social Determinants of HealthGenevaSwitzerland
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Keen A, Deike L, Haan J. Combatting Social Isolation, Anxiety, and Loneliness in Hospitalized Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Nurs Adm 2023; 53:385-391. [PMID: 37463261 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention related to social isolation and loneliness among hospitalized patients by improving: 1) social connectedness; 2) anxiety; and 3) loneliness and to evaluate experiences of the connection intervention. BACKGROUND Social isolation and loneliness can lead to detrimental effects on morbidity/mortality and health indices. A connection intervention was developed by investigators using key strategies to promote connectedness, providing in-person contact for hospitalized patients to meet individual and self-care needs. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Midwest adult academic health center. Social connectedness, anxiety, and loneliness were evaluated at baseline and postintervention using a paired-sample t test. Experience responses were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS There were no significant differences in social connectedness, anxiety, or loneliness when comparing baseline with postintervention. Experience themes included sharing personal stories back and forth, treating me as a person, mitigating loneliness, and finding benefit. CONCLUSION Despite nonsignificant findings, participants found benefit in filling the social void of being an inpatient. Clinicians should ensure that holistic care is delivered to hospitalized inpatients. Inclusive patient-centered strategies targeted to decrease social isolation and loneliness among acute care inpatients should continue to be developed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Keen
- Author Affiliations: Program Manager Research and Evidence-Based Practice (Dr Keen), Nursing Department; and Physical Therapist (Dr Deike) and Executive Director of Rehabilitation Wound Management and Fitness (Haan), Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis
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30
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Luca RD, Rifici C, Terranova A, Orecchio L, Castorina MV, Torrisi M, Cannavò A, Bramanti A, Bonanno M, Calabrò RS, Cola MCD. Healthcare worker burnout during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: experiences from an intensive neurological rehabilitation unit. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231182664. [PMID: 37486238 PMCID: PMC10369104 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231182664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to investigate the prevalence of behavioral symptoms and burnout in healthcare workers in an intensive neurological rehabilitation unit in Messina, Italy, during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. METHODS Forty-seven healthcare workers (including neurologists, physiatrists, nurses and rehabilitation therapists) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from February 2020 to June 2020. Participants were administered the following psychometric tests to investigate burnout and related symptoms: the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment; the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS); the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS); the Dyadic Adjustment Scale; and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). RESULTS We found several correlations between test scores and burnout subdimensions. Emotional exhaustion was correlated with SDS (r = 0.67), PSAS-Cognitive (r = 0.67) and PSAS-Somatic (r = 0.70) scores, and moderately correlated with all BPAQ dimensions (r = 0.42). Depersonalization was moderately correlated with SDS (r = 0.54), PSAS-Cognitive (r = 0.53) and PSAS-Somatic (r = 0.50) scores. CONCLUSION During the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy, healthcare workers were more exposed to physical and mental exhaustion and burnout. Research evaluating organizational and system-level interventions to promote psychological well-being at work for healthcare workers are needed.
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Guarnera J, Yuen E, Macpherson H. The Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Cognitive Aging: A Narrative Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:699-714. [PMID: 37483321 PMCID: PMC10357115 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social concepts such as loneliness and social isolation are fairly new factors that have been recently gaining attention as to their involvement in changes in cognitive function and association with dementia. The primary aim of this narrative review was to describe the current understanding of how loneliness and social isolation influence cognitive aging and how they are linked to dementia. Studies have shown that there is an association between loneliness, social isolation, and reduced cognitive function, in older adults, across multiple cognitive domains, as well as a heightened risk of dementia. Numerous changes to underlying neural biomechanisms including cortisol secretion and brain volume alterations (e.g., white/grey matter, hippocampus) may contribute to these relationships. However, due to poor quality research, mixed and inconclusive findings, and issues accurately defining and measuring loneliness and social isolation, more consistent high-quality interventions are needed to determine whether studies addressing loneliness and social isolation can impact longer term risk of dementia. This is especially important given the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social isolation in older people is yet to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guarnera
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Yuen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety-Monash Health Partnership, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Soman DA, Koci AC. Cultural Marginalization and Mental Health. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37267041 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2205527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cultural marginalization refers to the process of being on the fringe of two distinct cultures. Culture represents the values, beliefs, knowledge, and norms that are common to a group of people. Globalization contributes to an increasingly diverse population and leads to frequent interaction, collaboration, and sharing of space between various cultures. Cultural minority groups experience varied stages of acculturation with the dominant culture which may have an impact on physical and mental health. Understanding the marginalizing experiences of cultural minority groups creates a more accommodating social environment and helps provide culturally safe healthcare experiences for these people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi A Soman
- Department of Architecture, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anne C Koci
- Center for Research on Health Disparities, Appalachian American Alliance of Nurse Practitioners (AAANP), College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences/School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Li M, Rao W, Su Y, Sul Y, Caron G, D'Arcy C, Fleury MJ, Meng X. Psychological interventions for loneliness and social isolation among older adults during medical pandemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7192245. [PMID: 37290121 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is little research conducted to systematically synthesize the evidence on psychological interventions for social isolation and loneliness among older adults during medical pandemics. This systematic review aims to address this information gap and provides guidance for planning and implementing interventions to prevent and reduce loneliness and social isolation for older adults, especially during medical pandemics. METHODS Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsychoInfo, Medline and Web of Science) and grey literature from 1 January 2000 to 13 September 2022 were searched for eligible studies on loneliness and social isolation. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment on key study characteristics were conducted independently by two researchers. Both qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were used. RESULTS The initial search yielded 3,116 titles. Of the 215 full texts reviewed, 12 intervention articles targeting loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic met the inclusion criteria. No studies were found concerning intervention with respect to social isolation. Overall, interventions targeting social skills and the elimination of negativities effectively alleviated the feelings of loneliness in the older population. However, they had only short-term effects. CONCLUSION This review systematically summarised the key characteristics and the effectiveness of existing interventions addressing loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future interventions should focus on social skills and eliminating negativities and be tailored to the needs and characteristics of older people. Repeated larger-scale randomized controlled trials and long-term effectiveness evaluations on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Wenwang Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Youngjoo Sul
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Caron
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E5, Canada
| | - Marie-Josee Fleury
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1A1, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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Ng QX, Lee DYX, Yau CE, Lim YL, Ng CX, Liew TM. Examining the Public Messaging on 'Loneliness' over Social Media: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Analysis of Twitter Posts over the Past Decade. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101485. [PMID: 37239773 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is an issue of public health significance. Longitudinal studies indicate that feelings of loneliness are prevalent and were exacerbated by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. With the advent of new media, more people are turning to social media platforms such as Twitter and Reddit as well as online forums, e.g., loneliness forums, to seek advice and solace regarding their health and well-being. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the public messaging on loneliness via an unsupervised machine learning analysis of posts made by organisations on Twitter. We specifically examined tweets put out by organisations (companies, agencies or common interest groups) as the public may view them as more credible information as opposed to individual opinions. A total of 68,345 unique tweets in English were posted by organisations on Twitter from 1 January 2012 to 1 September 2022. These tweets were extracted and analysed using unsupervised machine learning approaches. BERTopic, a topic modelling technique that leverages state-of-the-art natural language processing, was applied to generate interpretable topics around the public messaging of loneliness and highlight the key words in the topic descriptions. The topics and topic labels were then reviewed independently by all study investigators for thematic analysis. Four key themes were uncovered, namely, the experience of loneliness, people who experience loneliness, what exacerbates loneliness and what could alleviate loneliness. Notably, a significant proportion of the tweets centred on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness. While current online interactions are largely descriptive of the complex and multifaceted problem of loneliness, more targeted prosocial messaging appears to be lacking to combat the causes of loneliness brought up in public messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang Ng
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Ministry of Health Holdings Pte Ltd., Singapore 099253, Singapore
| | - Dawn Yi Xin Lee
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Chun En Yau
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yu Liang Lim
- Ministry of Health Holdings Pte Ltd., Singapore 099253, Singapore
| | - Clara Xinyi Ng
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Tau Ming Liew
- Department of Psychiatry, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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Fidler AL, Chaudhari P, Sims V, Payne-Murphy J, Fischer J, Cottler LB. Insomnia among community members in Florida: Associations with demographics, health conditions, and social support. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e128. [PMID: 37313380 PMCID: PMC10260341 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify associations between demographics, social determinants of health, health conditions, and reported history of insomnia. A cross-sectional study including 11,960 adult community members recruited through HealthStreet, a community outreach program at University of Florida. Methods Health assessments were conducted via interviews. Participants reported their demographic background, level of social support, history of health conditions, and insomnia. Logistic regression was used to understand associations between risk factors and history of insomnia. Results The prevalence of self-reported insomnia was 27.3%. Adults aged ≥ 65 years (OR = 1.16) and women (OR = 1.18) reported higher rates of insomnia than their counterparts. Black/African American individuals reported lower rates of insomnia (OR = 0.72) than White individuals. Individuals with food insecurity (OR = 1.53), a military history (OR = 1.30), lower social support (OR = 1.24), living alone (OR = 1.14), anxiety (OR = 2.33), cardiometabolic disease (OR = 1.58), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR = 1.44) were significantly more likely to endorse insomnia compared with their counterparts. Depression (OR = 2.57) had the strongest association with insomnia. Conclusions This study provides evidence regarding who is at greater risk for insomnia among a large community-based sample. Our findings highlight the importance of screening for insomnia, particularly among patients who experience food insecurity, are military veterans, have anxiety, depression, ADHD, or cardiometabolic disease, as well as those who live alone or have lower levels of social support. Future public health campaigns should provide education on insomnia symptoms, treatments, and evidenced-based sleep-promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Fidler
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Piyush Chaudhari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Sims
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Payne-Murphy
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Fischer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Linda B. Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Fischer R, Hartle L. Effective interventions to reduce loneliness in big cities. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023; 36:206-212. [PMID: 36728699 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Loneliness is a state of distress or discomfort between the desired and experienced level of connectedness to others. These feelings may be particular salient in urban environments that seemingly offer more opportunities for social contact, highlighting the discrepancy. The topic of loneliness has received increased attention because of its negative impact on mental and physical health combined with concerns of increased loneliness due to lockdowns and social distancing regulations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We provide a bibliometric and random-effects meta-analysis of clinical trials published since 2020 and available via PubMed. RECENT FINDINGS Loneliness interventions have predominantly focused on elderly in the community. Adolescents and young adults as a second group at risk have received much less attention. On average across 44 effect sizes studied in 38 trials, interventions show moderate levels of effectiveness but are characterized by high heterogeneity and trials are often underpowered and use low quality designs. Multidimensional interventions show promise for alleviating loneliness, but the intervention context needs greater attention. SUMMARY Scalable and effective interventions for the general population and at-risk groups of loneliness are still scarce. Some promising interventions have been trialled and merit further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Fischer
- Institute D'Or for Research and Teaching, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Larissa Hartle
- Institute D'Or for Research and Teaching, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Desai P, Krueger KR, Mendes de Leon C, Wilson RS, Evans DA, Rajan KB. Race and Apolipoprotein E-e4 Allele Status Differences in the Association Between Loneliness and Cognitive Decline. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:231-237. [PMID: 36626598 PMCID: PMC10073257 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine race and apolipoprotein E-e4 allele (APOE-e4) status differences in the longitudinal associations between loneliness and cognitive decline. METHODS The study sample is composed of participants ( N = 7696, 64% Black participants and 36% White participants) from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a population-based cohort study. Mixed-effects regression models were conducted to examine the longitudinal associations between loneliness on global cognitive function and individual tests of cognitive function. Models were also stratified by race and APOE-e4. RESULTS A greater percentage of Black participants (17%) reported loneliness at baseline visit compared with White participants (12%). Black and White participants who were lonely individuals had a similar rate of decline in global cognitive function at 0.075 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.082 to -0.068) standard deviation unit (SDU) per year for Black participants and at 0.075 (95% CI = -0.086 to -0.063) SDU per year for White participants. Lonely participants with APOE-e4 had a higher rate of global cognitive decline at -0.102 (95% CI = -0.115 to -0.088) SDU per year than for lonely participants without APOE-e4 at -0.052 (95% CI = -0.059 to -0.045) SDU per year. CONCLUSIONS The burden of loneliness and its relation to cognitive decline is higher among participants with APOE-e4 compared with those without APOE-e4. Loneliness is associated with cognitive decline in both Black and White participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaja Desai
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kristin R. Krueger
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kumar B. Rajan
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
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Pallanti S, Di Ponzio M. PANDAS/PANS in the COVID-19 Age: Autoimmunity and Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation as Trigger Agents? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:648. [PMID: 37189896 PMCID: PMC10136983 DOI: 10.3390/children10040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 impacted the entire world's population, frequently resulting in long-lasting neuropsychiatric complications. Furthermore, social distancing, lockdowns and fear for one's personal health worsen individual psychological wellbeing, especially in children and adolescents. Herein, we discuss the results of studies that specifically reported data about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or infection on children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Disorders (PANS). Furthermore, we present the cases of five adolescents with PANS whose symptomatology increased following SARS-CoV-2 infection. What emerged from this study was that COVID-19 resulted in the exacerbation of obsessions, tics, anxiety and mood symptoms and decreased wellbeing. Moreover, new symptoms, as well as new PANS cases, are reported to have arisen after COVID-19 infection. Here, we hypothesize that the pathogenic mechanisms of silent viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, are related to neuroinflammation, immune responses and reactivation, with additional roles played by social-isolation-related inflammatory processes. The discussion of PANS, which represents a model of immune-mediated neuropsychiatric manifestations, is particularly relevant, with the aim of uncovering the mechanisms that lead to neuropsychiatric Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). Prospects for future studies and treatment implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pallanti
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michele Di Ponzio
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Studies, Institute of Neurosciences, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Zhang F, Cheng ST. Benefit-finding buffers the effects of home confinement and centralized quarantine (HCCQ) on late midlife and older adults' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:489-495. [PMID: 35274581 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2048357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Older adults' well-being may suffer due to prolonged social isolation leading to loneliness and increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to address the role of benefit-finding, defined as the capacity to derive meaning and positive aspects from stressful situations, in late midlife and older adults' adaptation to the effects of home confinement and centralized quarantine (HCCQ).Methods: 421 participants aged 50 or above in mainland of China participated in an online survey to study the effects of HCCQ on loneliness, stress, anxiety, depression and life satisfaction, as well as the moderating role of benefit-finding.Results: Correlational analysis showed that a history of HCCQ was basically unrelated to any outcome. However, the effect actually varied by levels of benefit-finding. Among late midlife and older people with lower benefit-finding, those who had experienced HCCQ reported more loneliness, perceived stress, as well as more anxiety and depressive symptoms; no such relationships were found when benefit-finding was moderate or high.Conclusion: The findings extended our understanding of the role of benefit-finding in buffering the negative impact of adversity. By mitigating the effects of prolonged social isolation, benefit-finding served as a protective factor in late midlife and older people's adaptation to the sequelae of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheung-Tak Cheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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McGuire AP, Elmore C, Szabo YZ, Kurz AS, Mendoza C, Umucu E, Creech SK. Exploring the trajectory and correlates of social isolation for veterans across a 6-month period during COVID-19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281575. [PMID: 36857305 PMCID: PMC9977007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation is a relevant problem for veterans who are at risk for disengaging from others as a function of transition stress from military life to civilian life, and given high rates of exposure to trauma and psychological distress. Few researchers have examined social isolation in veterans over time, particularly during COVID-19 that led to significant barriers and restrictions on social interactions. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to assess veterans' experience of social isolation and its mental health and social functioning correlates during a 6-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 188 United States veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. A total of four assessments were administered: one every two months for a total duration of six months. The average number of completed assessments across all participants was 3.70 (SD = 0.75) with 159 participants (84.13%) completing all four timepoints. Surveys included measures of global mental health and social functioning as indicated by perceived emotional support, quality of marriage, and couple satisfaction. Multilevel modeling was used to assess 1) growth models to determine whether social isolation changed over time and the trajectory of that change (i.e., linear or quadratic); and 2) whether social isolation was related to both concurrent and prospective indicators of mental health and social functioning. All analyses included person mean centered and grand mean centered isolation to assess for within-and between-person effects. Veterans reported a quadratic trajectory in social isolation that decreased slightly and stabilized over time. Findings indicate that higher social isolation, at both the within- and between-person level, was negatively associated with concurrent emotional support, mental health, quality of marriage, and couple satisfaction. However, all prospective effects were nonsignificant at the within-person level. Results suggest although isolation may decrease over time, veterans report worse mental health and social functioning during times when they report higher levels of social isolation compared to themselves and others. Future work is needed to determine if interventions can be applied during those times to prevent or target those negative associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. McGuire
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, United States of America
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Colby Elmore
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Yvette Z. Szabo
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, United States of America
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States of America
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - A. Solomon Kurz
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, United States of America
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States of America
| | - Corina Mendoza
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, United States of America
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States of America
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Suzannah K. Creech
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, United States of America
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School of the University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States of America
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Perach R, Read S, Hicks B, Harris PR, Rusted J, Brayne C, Dangoor M, Miles E, Dixon J, Robinson L, Thomas A, Banerjee S. Predictors of loneliness during the Covid-19 pandemic in people with dementia and their carers in England: findings from the DETERMIND-C19 study. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:521-532. [PMID: 35658781 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2080179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors that predict the risk of loneliness for people with dementia and carers during a pandemic. METHODS People with dementia and their carers completed assessments before (July 2019-March 2020; 206 dyads) and after (July-October 2020) the first Covid-19 'lockdown' in England. At follow-up, the analytic sample comprised 67 people with dementia and 108 carers. We built a longitudinal path model with loneliness as an observed outcome. Carer type and social contacts at both measurements were considered. Other social resources (quality of relationship, formal day activities), wellbeing (anxiety, psychological wellbeing) and cognitive impairment were measured with initial level and change using latent growth curves. We adjusted for socio-demographic factors and health at baseline. RESULTS In carers, higher levels of loneliness were directly associated with non-spouse coresident carer type, level and increase of anxiety in carer, more formal day activities, and higher cognitive impairment in the person with dementia. In people with dementia, non-spouse coresident carer type, and higher initial levels of social resources, wellbeing, and cognitive impairment predicted the changes in these factors; this produced indirect effects on social contacts and loneliness. CONCLUSION Loneliness in the Covid-19 pandemic appears to be shaped by different mechanisms for people with dementia and their carers. The results suggest that carers of those with dementia may prioritize providing care that protects the person with dementia from loneliness at the cost of experiencing loneliness themselves. Directions for the promotion of adaptive social care during the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Perach
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Sanna Read
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Ben Hicks
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Peter R Harris
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret Dangoor
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Miles
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Josie Dixon
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Alan Thomas
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Suen YT, Chan RC, Wong EMY. Association between co-residence and loneliness during COVID-19 among sexual minority people in Hong Kong. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:483-492. [PMID: 35876230 PMCID: PMC10076174 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has identified that loneliness during COVID-19 is associated with co-residence status, and individuals living alone were more likely to report loneliness. However, it may not apply to sexual minority people as those living with their family may experience different sexual orientation-related stressors. AIMS This study aims to (1) understand the pattern of living arrangement and loneliness among sexual minority people during COVID-19, (2) examine parental acceptance, family conflict and loneliness among sexual minority people with different living arrangements and (3) investigate the association between parental acceptance and loneliness among sexual minority people with different living arrangements during COVID-19. METHOD An online survey with 1,457 Hong Kong sexual minority people was conducted. RESULTS Sexual minority people living with their partner(s) were less likely to report loneliness. Concurrently, those living with their parent(s) showed a similar level of loneliness as those who lived alone. Living with parent(s) during COVID-19 does not necessarily alleviate feelings of loneliness among them, which we argue may be due to parental unacceptance of their sexual orientation. Nearly half of the respondents stated that their parent(s) were unaccepting of their sexual orientation and 41.8% of them indicated an increase in family conflict during COVID-19. For those living with their parent(s), parental unacceptance is related to more family conflict during COVID-19, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Not living with unaccepting parents may reduce family conflict and feelings of loneliness, but this has not been the case for many respondents from a city with high population density and cost of living. Social and mental health service providers need to come up with timely and appropriate interventions to address the unique needs faced by sexual minority people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Tung Suen
- Gender Studies Programme, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Randolph Ch Chan
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Eliz Miu Yin Wong
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Ryal JJ, Perli VAS, Marques DCDS, Sordi AF, Marques MGDS, Camilo ML, Milani RG, Mota J, Valdés-Badilla P, Magnani Branco BH. Effects of a Multi-Professional Intervention on Mental Health of Middle-Aged Overweight Survivors of COVID-19: A Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4132. [PMID: 36901146 PMCID: PMC10002443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-professional intervention model on the mental health of middle-aged, overweight survivors of COVID-19. A clinical trial study with parallel groups and repeated measures was conducted. For eight weeks, multi-professional interventions were conducted (psychoeducation, nutritional intervention, and physical exercises). One hundred and thirty-five overweight or obese patients aged 46.46 ± 12.77 years were distributed into four experimental groups: mild, moderate, severe COVID, and control group. The instruments were used: mental health continuum-MHC, revised impact scale-IES-r, generalized anxiety disorder-GAD-7, and Patient health questionnaire PHQ-9, before and after eight weeks. The main results indicated only a time effect, with a significant increase in global MHC scores, emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being, as well as detected a significant reduction in global IES-R scores, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, in addition to a reduction in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was possible to identify those psychoeducational interventions that effectively reduced anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients, regardless of symptomatology, in addition to the control group. However, moderate and severe post-COVID-19 patients need to be monitored continuously since the results of these groups did not follow the response pattern of the mild and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joed Jacinto Ryal
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Santos Perli
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Health Sciences, Cesumar University, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Déborah Cristina de Souza Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sordi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Marilene Ghiraldi de Souza Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Camilo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Rute Grossi Milani
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3530-000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2520-000, Chile
| | - Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Health Sciences, Cesumar University, Maringa 87050-390, Brazil
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Mizutani S, Matsuzaki H, Iyota K, Tani A, Oku S, Tabuchi H, Fujiwara A, Hase-Tamaru S, Kishimoto H, Narazaki K. Changes of Oral and Physical Functions in Older Japanese Who Participated in Keyboard Harmonica and Exercise Classes during COVID-19-Related Movement Restrictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3700. [PMID: 36834392 PMCID: PMC9961220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many older people have restricted activities or movements because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which causes concerns about secondary health problems. This study aimed to investigate how frailty-prevention activities implemented by local governments have changed the health of community-dwelling older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this observational study, the participants were 23 older Japanese people who took part in keyboard harmonica or exercise classes in 2021. Oral function examination and physical function tests were conducted at baseline and after 10 months of follow-up. In each class, the participants met 15 times and worked on assignments at home. The results showed that oral diadochokinesis/pa/, which represents lip dexterity, improved during 10 months (from 6.6 to 6.8 times/s, p < 0.046); however, grip strength (p < 0.005) and total skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.017) decreased in the keyboard harmonica group. In the exercise group, a statistically significant difference was found only in grip strength, which decreased (p < 0.003). The oral and physical functions of older people who participated in frailty-prevention activities implemented by local governments characteristically changed. Moreover, activity restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused decreased grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mizutani
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsuzaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, Fukuoka Mirai Hospital, 5-1 Kashiiteriha, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan
- Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human–Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Iyota
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Asuka Tani
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Saori Oku
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tabuchi
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujiwara
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hase-Tamaru
- Department of Life, Environment and Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
| | - Hiro Kishimoto
- Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human–Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenji Narazaki
- Center for Liberal Arts, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
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Li J, Zhou X, Wang Q. Interventions to reduce loneliness among Chinese older adults: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:238-258. [PMID: 35621111 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analytic study investigates the effectiveness of different interventions in alleviating loneliness among Chinese older adults aged 50 years and above. We searched eight English databases, four Chinese databases, and grey literature. Thirty-four studies, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 30 quasi-experimental studies, were eventually included in the meta-analysis (n = 3843). Quality appraisal indicated risks of bias in the included studies. The pooled effect size was large and significant (Hedge's g = 0.84, 95% CI [0.54, 1.15]), indicating the effectiveness of interventions in reducing loneliness. However, the effect size may be overestimated due to publication bias. Moderation analyses showed significant differences in effect sizes by study designs and regions of studies. Network meta-analysis (NMA) indicated that hybrid and psychological interventions appeared to be advantageous over others. In addition, group-based delivery modes can add extra benefits to the interventions. This study adds to the knowledge of the effectiveness of current interventions in reducing Chinese older people's loneliness. However, the findings need to be interpreted with caution due to the relatively low study quality, considerable heterogeneity, and publication bias. Despite the limitations, this study offers valuable insights for future research, practice, and policy-making in reducing older people's loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Philosophy, Law & Political Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Brunoni AR, Suen PJC, Bacchi PS, Razza LB, Klein I, dos Santos LA, de Souza Santos I, da Costa Lane Valiengo L, Gallucci-Neto J, Moreno ML, Pinto BS, de Cássia Silva Félix L, de Sousa JP, Viana MC, Forte PM, de Altisent Oliveira Cardoso MC, Bittencourt MS, Pelosof R, de Siqueira LL, Fatori D, Bellini H, Bueno PVS, Passos IC, Nunes MA, Salum GA, Bauermeister S, Smoller JW, Lotufo PA, Benseñor IM. Prevalence and risk factors of psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the ELSA-Brasil COVID-19 mental health cohort. Psychol Med 2023; 53:446-457. [PMID: 33880984 PMCID: PMC8144814 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mixed evidence on increasing rates of psychiatric disorders and symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. We evaluated pandemic-related psychopathology and psychiatry diagnoses and their determinants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Health (ELSA-Brasil) São Paulo Research Center. METHODS Between pre-pandemic ELSA-Brasil assessments in 2008-2010 (wave-1), 2012-2014 (wave-2), 2016-2018 (wave-3) and three pandemic assessments in 2020 (COVID-19 waves in May-July, July-September, and October-December), rates of common psychiatric symptoms, and depressive, anxiety, and common mental disorders (CMDs) were compared using the Clinical Interview Scheduled-Revised (CIS-R) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Multivariable generalized linear models, adjusted by age, gender, educational level, and ethnicity identified variables associated with an elevated risk for mental disorders. RESULTS In 2117 participants (mean age 62.3 years, 58.2% females), rates of CMDs and depressive disorders did not significantly change over time, oscillating from 23.5% to 21.1%, and 3.3% to 2.8%, respectively; whereas rate of anxiety disorders significantly decreased (2008-2010: 13.8%; 2016-2018: 9.8%; 2020: 8%). There was a decrease along three wave-COVID assessments for depression [β = -0.37, 99.5% confidence interval (CI) -0.50 to -0.23], anxiety (β = -0.37, 99.5% CI -0.48 to -0.26), and stress (β = -0.48, 99.5% CI -0.64 to -0.33) symptoms (all ps < 0.001). Younger age, female sex, lower educational level, non-white ethnicity, and previous psychiatric disorders were associated with increased odds for psychiatric disorders, whereas self-evaluated good health and good quality of relationships with decreased risk. CONCLUSION No consistent evidence of pandemic-related worsening psychopathology in our cohort was found. Indeed, psychiatric symptoms slightly decreased along 2020. Risk factors representing socioeconomic disadvantages were associated with increased odds of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Russowsky Brunoni
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Starzynski Bacchi
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Boralli Razza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izio Klein
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Afonso dos Santos
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Itamar de Souza Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro da Costa Lane Valiengo
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Gallucci-Neto
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Lopes Moreno
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Silva Pinto
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Cássia Silva Félix
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira de Sousa
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Center of Psychiatric Epidemiology (CEPEP), Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Pamela Marques Forte
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Sommer Bittencourt
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Pelosof
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Lima de Siqueira
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fatori
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Bellini
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ives Cavalcante Passos
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School & Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Martins Benseñor
- Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas e Epidemiológicas, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria & Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Takeda T, Yoshimi K, Kai S, Inoue F. Association Between Loneliness, Premenstrual Symptoms, and Other Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study with Japanese High School Students. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:655-664. [PMID: 37131359 PMCID: PMC10149082 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s400818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood where people are vulnerable to stress. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause sustained stress in the population. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation and loneliness have increased. Loneliness is associated with increased stress, psychological distress, and a higher risk of mental illnesses, such as depression. This study examined the association between loneliness, premenstrual symptoms, and other factors in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescent females in Japan. Patients and Methods A school-based cross-sectional survey of 1450 adolescent female students in Japan was conducted in mid-December of 2021. Specifically, paper-based questionnaires were distributed in class, and the responses were collected. The Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ), 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, 3-item Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA), and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were used as measurement tools. The prevalence of loneliness was defined as a total R-UCLA score ≥ 6. Results The prevalence of loneliness was 29.0%. The prevalence of serious psychological distress was also high (8.2%), especially in the lonely group (16.0%). Multivariable regression analysis identified the following factors associated with loneliness: second year (odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.14), longer internet use (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.20), total PSQ score (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.06-1.11), and psychological distress (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.08). Conclusion Adolescent females in Japan showed a high prevalence of loneliness. School year (2nd year), longer periods of internet use, premenstrual symptom severity, and psychological distress were independently associated with loneliness. For clinicians and school health professionals, special concern should be given to the psychological health of adolescent females during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Division of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
- Correspondence: Takashi Takeda, Division of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan, Tel +81-72-366-0221 (Ext. 3393), Fax +81-72-366-6661, Email
| | - Kana Yoshimi
- Division of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kai
- Division of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Fumi Inoue
- Division of Women’s Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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48
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Bennett KM, Panzeri A, Derrer-Merk E, Butter S, Hartman TK, Mason L, McBride O, Murphy J, Shevlin M, Gibson-Miller J, Levita L, Martinez AP, McKay R, Lloyd A, Stocks TVA, Bottesi G, Vidotto G, Bentall RP, Bertamini M. Predicting resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom: Cross-sectional and longitudinal results. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283254. [PMID: 37167208 PMCID: PMC10174573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the psychological wellbeing of some people, there is evidence that many have been much less affected. The Ecological Model of Resilience (EMR) may explain why some individuals are not resilient whilst others are. In this study we test the EMR in a comparison of UK survey data collected from the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) longitudinal study of a representative sample of the United Kingdom (UK) adult population and data from an Italian arm of the study. We first compare data from the third wave of the UK arm of the study, collected in July/August 2020, with data from an equivalent sample and stage of the pandemic in Italy in July 2020. Next, using UK longitudinal data collected from C19PRC Waves 1, 3 and 5, collected between March 2020 and April 2021 we identify the proportion of people who were resilient. Finally, we examine which factors, drawn from the EMR, predict resilient and non-resilient outcomes. We find that the 72% of the UK sample was resilient, in line with the Italian study. In the cross-sectional logistic regression model, age and self-esteem were significantly associated with resilience whilst death anxiety thoughts, neuroticism, loneliness, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to COVID-19 were significantly associated with Non-Resilient outcomes. In the longitudinal UK analysis, at Wave 5, 80% of the sample was Resilient. Service use, belonging to wider neighbourhood, self-rated health, self-esteem, openness, and externally generated death anxiety were associated with Resilient outcomes. In contrast, PTSD symptoms and loneliness were associated with Non-Resilient outcomes. The EMR effectively explained the results. There were some variables which are amenable to intervention which could increase resilience in the face of similar future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Butter
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Todd K Hartman
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Mason
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Jilly Gibson-Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Liat Levita
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Anton P Martinez
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan McKay
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Lloyd
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas V A Stocks
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gioa Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulo Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Richard P Bentall
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Card KG, Skakoon-Sparling S. Are social support, loneliness, and social connection differentially associated with happiness across levels of introversion-extraversion? Health Psychol Open 2023; 10:20551029231184034. [PMID: 37426942 PMCID: PMC10328046 DOI: 10.1177/20551029231184034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines whether extraversion moderates the association between subjective happiness and measures of social connectedness using data from Canadian residents, aged 16+, recruited online during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (21 April 2021-1 June 2021). To accomplish this aim we tested the moderating effect of extraversion scores on the association between Subjective Happiness scores and several social health measures: Perceived Social Support, Loneliness, social network size, and time with friends. Among 949 participants, results show that lower social loneliness (p < .001) and higher social support from friends (p = .001) and from family (p = .007) was more strongly correlated with subjective happiness for people with low extraversion compared to those with high extroversion. Anti-loneliness interventions should consider the need to promote social connections among individuals across the introversion-extraversion continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiffer G Card
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- The Institute for Social Connection, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Shayna Skakoon-Sparling
- The Institute for Social Connection, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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50
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D'Oliveira TC, Persico L. Workplace isolation, loneliness and wellbeing at work: The mediating role of task interdependence and supportive behaviours. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 106:103894. [PMID: 36152448 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the negative impact of social isolation on wellbeing, research has yet to address how organisations may mitigate the effects of workplace isolation and loneliness. The main objective of the study is to explore the mediating role of task interdependence and supportive behaviours of colleagues on the relationship between workplace isolation on workplace wellbeing. A total of 137 volunteers completed a survey assessing workplace isolation, loneliness, task interdependence, supportive behaviours of colleagues and wellbeing at work. SEM analyses supported the negative effects of company isolation on workplace wellbeing. While supportive behaviours had a mediating role, task interdependence did not mediate the relationships between company isolation and loneliness, and wellbeing. The findings show that increased opportunities for interpersonal interactions at work through greater task interdependence are not enough to reverse the negative effects of workplace isolation on wellbeing. In contrast, an investment in a supportive environment may reverse the negative effects of workplace isolation on wellbeing, highlighting the importance of a supportive culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C D'Oliveira
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), 16 De Crespigny, Park London, SE5 8AF, UK. teresa.d'
| | - Liana Persico
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), 16 De Crespigny, Park London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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