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Fokam J, Essomba RG, Njouom R, Okomo MCA, Eyangoh S, Godwe C, Tegomoh B, Otshudiema JO, Nwobegahay J, Ndip L, Akenji B, Takou D, Moctar MMM, Mbah CK, Ndze VN, Maidadi-Foudi M, Kouanfack C, Tonmeu S, Ngono D, Nkengasong J, Ndembi N, Bissek ACZK, Mouangue C, Ndongo CB, Epée E, Mandeng N, Kamso Belinga S, Ayouba A, Fernandez N, Tongo M, Colizzi V, Halle-Ekane GE, Perno CF, Ndjolo A, Ndongmo CB, Shang J, Esso L, de-Tulio O, Diagne MM, Boum Y, Mballa GAE, Njock LR. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 reveals highest severity and mortality of delta over other variants: evidence from Cameroon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21654. [PMID: 38066020 PMCID: PMC10709425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While the SARS-CoV-2 dynamic has been described globally, there is a lack of data from Sub-Saharan Africa. We herein report the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages from March 2020 to March 2022 in Cameroon. Of the 760 whole-genome sequences successfully generated by the national genomic surveillance network, 74% were viral sub-lineages of origin and non-variants of concern, 15% Delta, 6% Omicron, 3% Alpha and 2% Beta variants. The pandemic was driven by SARS-CoV-2 lineages of origin in wave 1 (16 weeks, 2.3% CFR), the Alpha and Beta variants in wave 2 (21 weeks, 1.6% CFR), Delta variants in wave 3 (11 weeks, 2.0% CFR), and omicron variants in wave 4 (8 weeks, 0.73% CFR), with a declining trend over time (p = 0.01208). Even though SARS-CoV-2 heterogeneity did not seemingly contribute to the breadth of transmission, the viral lineages of origin and especially the Delta variants appeared as drivers of COVID-19 severity in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fokam
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Platform (PSG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Rene Ghislain Essomba
- COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Platform (PSG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Richard Njouom
- COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Platform (PSG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie-Claire A Okomo
- COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Platform (PSG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sara Eyangoh
- COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Platform (PSG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Celestin Godwe
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Emergentes et Re-emergentes (CREMER), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bryan Tegomoh
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John O Otshudiema
- World Health Organization (WHO), Cameroon Country Office, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Julius Nwobegahay
- COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Platform (PSG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche Pour la Santé des Armées (CRESAR), Ministry of Defence, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lucy Ndip
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Blaise Akenji
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Desire Takou
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mohamed M M Moctar
- USAID's Infectious Diseases Detection and Surveillance, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Valantine Ngum Ndze
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- African Society for Laboratory Medicine (ASLM), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Martin Maidadi-Foudi
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Emergentes et Re-emergentes (CREMER), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Charles Kouanfack
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Emergentes et Re-emergentes (CREMER), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sandrine Tonmeu
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dorine Ngono
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John Nkengasong
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nicaise Ndembi
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anne-Cecile Z K Bissek
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Division for Operational Health Research (DROS), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christian Mouangue
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control (DLMEP), Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Chanceline B Ndongo
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control (DLMEP), Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (FMPS), University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Emilienne Epée
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control (DLMEP), Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nadia Mandeng
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control (DLMEP), Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Sandrine Kamso Belinga
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control (DLMEP), Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Developpement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Fernandez
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Developpement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Marcel Tongo
- Centre de Recherche en Maladies Emergentes et Re-emergentes (CREMER), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Chair of UNESCO Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo-Federico Perno
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Clement B Ndongmo
- US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Cameroon Country Office, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Judith Shang
- US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Cameroon Country Office, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Linda Esso
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control (DLMEP), Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Oliviera de-Tulio
- University of KwaZulu-Natal and Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Yap Boum
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Epicentre, Medecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Georges A E Mballa
- National Public Health Emergencies Operations Coordination Centre (NPHEOCC), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Disease, Epidemic and Pandemic Control (DLMEP), Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Louis R Njock
- COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Platform (PSG), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (FMPS), University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- General Secretariat, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Angelo AC, Clodel Y, Léopold C, Serge A, Ibrahim MC, Julien A, Roger K, de Tovè Kofi-Mensa S. Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic features and predictors of death among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Parakou: a cross-sectional study in Northern Benin. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:484. [PMID: 37474897 PMCID: PMC10357870 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is an emerging contagious infection with polymorphic clinical manifestations. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic features and identify the predictors of mortality among COVID-19 hospitalized cases in Parakou. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study. Systematic recruitment was used to include all patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from May 8, 2020, to December 31, 2021, whose medical records were available and usable. The variables studied were clinical and paraclinical signs, diagnostic and therapeutic means, evolution under treatment and prognostic factors. This study was approved by the Local Ethical Committee. The data were analyzed using Stata/MP 14.1 software. RESULTS A total of 198 cases of COVID-19 were identified, 117 of whom were men. The mean age was 51.53 ± 19.51 years. The presenting signs were fever 146 (74.11%), cough 157 (79.70%) and dyspnea 118 (53.90%). It was severe COVID-19 in 108 cases (54.55%). Therapeutically, 95 patients (47.98%) had received the combination of Lopinavir/ritonavir and Ribavirin and 95 others (47.98%) received chloroquine. Recovery was noted in 151 (76.26%) patients. Mortality rate was 18.18%. Predictors of death were high blood pressure, presence of signs of severity, high-concentration mask ventilation used, and elevated transaminases. CONCLUSION COVID-19 was a reality in Parakou, with a significant number of severe cases requiring hospitalization. Several factors are associated with the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attinsounon Cossi Angelo
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Parakou, Benin.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin.
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin.
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.
| | - Yamongbè Clodel
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Parakou, Benin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Codjo Léopold
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Adé Serge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Mama Cissé Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Military Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Attinon Julien
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Military Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Klikpezo Roger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Military Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Savi de Tovè Kofi-Mensa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, 03 P.O Box 112, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou, Parakou, Benin
- Regional Care Center of COVID-19 Cases of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
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AKINOCHO EM, KASONGO M, MOERMAN K, SERE F, COPPIETERS Y. [Epidemiological characteristics of the Covid-19 epidemic between 2020 and 2022 in Kongo central, DRC]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i2.2023.356. [PMID: 37525685 PMCID: PMC10387320 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and has recorded four successive waves from March 2020 to March 2022. The objective of this study is to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of Covid-19 patients during these epidemic waves in the province of Kongo central and to identify factors associated with deaths. Material and methods This is a cross-sectional study of Covid-19 data from the provincial surveillance system. The data consisted of epidemiological surveillance data, laboratory data (tests), hospital data and patient follow-up data. We determined the characteristics of positive cases throughout the period and implemented logistic regression of factors associated with death. Results During the successive waves, 9, 573 positive cases were reported in the province, 546 cases in the first wave and 6, 346 in the fourth wave. Seven positive cases out of 10 concerned people aged 25 to 64. The districts of Matadi, Moanda and Mbanza-Ngungu were the most affected. Age above 64 [OR: 7.2 CI:5.1-10.3] and wave 2 [OR: 4.4 CI:1.6-12.4] were the factors statistically associated with death. Conclusion As in other African settings, age, comorbidities, higher socio-professional level and living in urban areas were the major risk factors for severe forms of the disease and death. Our analysis underlines the importance of collecting and analysing several epidemiological variables down to the provincial level over time for a better continuous knowledge of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Mouksitou AKINOCHO
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École de Santé publique, Centre de recherche Épidémiologie et biostatistique, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Matthieu KASONGO
- Memisa Belgique ASBL, Square de Meeûs 19, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Kristel MOERMAN
- Memisa Belgique ASBL, Square de Meeûs 19, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Felipe SERE
- Memisa Belgique ASBL, Square de Meeûs 19, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Yves COPPIETERS
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École de Santé publique, Centre de recherche Épidémiologie et biostatistique, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgique
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Moguem Soubgui AF, Embolo Enyegue EL, Kojom Foko LP, Ndeme Mboussi WS, Deutou Hogoue G, Mbougang SP, Sanda SM, Fotso Chidjou IU, Fotso VF, Nzogang Tchonet SA, Medi Sike C, Koanga Mogtomo ML. Epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Douala, the most populated and highly heterogeneous town of Cameroon: a post-vaccination update. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106864. [PMID: 36849093 PMCID: PMC9968477 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at providing an update of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Douala, the most populated and highly heterogeneous town of Cameroon. A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted from January to September 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data. Retrotranscriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples. Of the 2354 individuals approached, 420 were included. The mean age of patients was 42.3 ± 14.4 years (range 21 - 82). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 8.1%. The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was increased more than seven times in patients aged ≥ 70 years old (aRR = 7.12, p = 0.001), more than six times in married (aRR = 6.60, p = 0.02), more than seven times in those having completed secondary studies (aRR = 7.85, p = 0.02), HIV-positive patients (aRR = 7.64, p < 0.0001) and asthmatic patients (aRR = 7.60, p = 0.003), and more than nine times in those seeking health care regularly (aRR = 9.24, p = 0.001). In contrast, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reduced by 86% in patients attending Bonassama hospital (aRR = 0.14, p = 0.04), by 93% in patients of blood group B (aRR = 0.07, p = 0.04), and by 95% in COVID-19 vaccinated participants (aRR = 0.05, p = 0.005). There is need for ongoing surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Cameroon, given the position and importance of Douala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gildas Deutou Hogoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Valery Fabrice Fotso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Cameroon
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Cho FN, Ngah YE, Tassang AN, Fru CN, Kuku Elad PC, Jokwi PK, Folefac VN, Esa I, Fru PN. Face mask ownership/utilisation and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy amongst patients recovering from COVID-19 in Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280269. [PMID: 36662746 PMCID: PMC9858007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to establish pre-/post Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis/treatment symptoms, ownership/utilisation of face masks (FMs), as well as vaccine hesitancy (VH) amongst patients recovering from COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April - October 2021. Data was collected with structured self-administered questionnaires. Multinomial regression was used to determine associations between ownership/utilisation of FMs with respondents' characteristics. RESULTS Unproductive cough and fatigue were prevalent before and after treatment. Pre-/Post COVID-19 symptoms severity ranged from mild to moderate. There was a COVID-19 VH rate of 492 (74%). The prevalence of FM ownership and utilisation were, respectively, 613 (92.2%) and 271 (40.8%). One main factor was associated with FM ownership; respondent's sex (p; 5.5x10-2, OR; 0.5, 95%C.I; 0.3 - 1.0). The main reasons for irregular utilisation were; inability to be consistent, only used outdoors, and boredom. CONCLUSION The treatment of COVID-19 does not mean immediate recovery as mild to moderate grade severity still persists. Face mask availability and ownership does not mean appreciable utilisation. This study advocates for an intensification of COVID-19 preventive practices, as well as elaborate education on the importance of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Nchang Cho
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Yayah Emerencia Ngah
- District Health Services Bamenda, North West Regional Delegation of Health, Ministry of Health, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Andrew N. Tassang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Buea Regional Hospital Annex, Buea, Cameroon
- Atlantic Medical Foundation, Mutengene, Cameroon
| | - Celestina Neh Fru
- Atlantic Medical Foundation, Mutengene, Cameroon
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Peter Canisius Kuku Elad
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Kofon Jokwi
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Valmie Ngassam Folefac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Sintieh Research Academy, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ismaila Esa
- Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services – HIV free/Strengthening Public Health Laboratory Systems, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Paulette Ngum Fru
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- District Health Services Tiko, South West Regional Delegation of Health, Ministry of Health, Buea, Cameroon
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Huluka DK, Etissa EK, Ahmed S, Abule HA, Getachew N, Abera S, Seyoum AB, Araya H, Hundie TG, Tadesse Anteneh B, Gebremedhin GD, Gebregziabher Y, Tefera RY, Tereda AB, Feleke Y, Abebe Y, Gebremariam TH, Ahmed HY, Amogne W, Haisch DA, Sherman CB, Schluger NW. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:252-259. [PMID: 35895414 PMCID: PMC9393439 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from much of Africa are still scarce on the clinical characteristics, outcomes of treatment, and factors associated with disease severity and mortality of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Ethiopia's first COVID-19 treatment center. All consecutive symptomatic SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals, aged 18 and older, admitted to the hospital between March 13 and September 16, 2020, were included. Of the total 463 cases, 319 (68.9%) were male. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range 32-62). The most common three symptoms were cough (69%), shortness of breath (SOB; 44%), and fatigue (37%). Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by diabetes mellitus. The age groups 40 to 59 and ≥ 60 were more likely to have severe disease compared with those < 40 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.88-6.31 and aOR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.91-6.90, respectively). Other factors associated with disease severity included the presence of any malignancy (aOR = 4.64, 95% CI: 1.32-16.33) and SOB (aOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.35-6.25). The age group ≥ 60 was significantly associated with greater in-hospital mortality compared with those < 40 years. In addition, the presence of any malignancy, SOB, and vomiting were associated with higher odds of mortality. In Ethiopia, most COVID-19 patients were male and presented with cough, SOB, and fatigue. Older age, any malignancy, and SOB were associated with disease severity; these factors, in addition to vomiting, also predicted mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiluf Abate Abule
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Getachew
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yohannes Feleke
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yonathan Abebe
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Hanan Yusuf Ahmed
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Amogne
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Charles B. Sherman
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Neil W. Schluger
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, New York, New York
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Yan LD, Matuja SS, Pain KJ, McNairy ML, Etyang AO, Peck RN. Emerging Viral Infections, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review. Hypertension 2022; 79:898-905. [PMID: 35272495 PMCID: PMC9010372 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest age-adjusted burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SSA also experiences many viral infections due to unique environmental and societal factors. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine evidence around how hypertension, CVD, and emerging viral infections interact in SSA. METHODS In September 2021, we conducted a search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus, limited to English language studies published since 1990, and found a total of 1169 articles. Forty-seven original studies were included, with 32 on COVID-19 and 15 on other emerging viruses. RESULTS Seven articles, including those with the largest sample size and most robust study design, found an association between preexisting hypertension or CVD and COVID-19 severity or death. Ten smaller studies found no association, and 17 did not calculate statistics to compare groups. Two studies assessed the impact of COVID-19 on incident CVD, with one finding an increase in stroke admissions. For other emerging viruses, 3 studies did not find an association between preexisting hypertension or CVD on West Nile and Lassa fever mortality. Twelve studies examined other emerging viral infections and incident CVD, with 4 finding no association and 8 not calculating statistics. CONCLUSIONS Growing evidence from COVID-19 suggests viruses, hypertension, and CVD interact on multiple levels in SSA, but research gaps remain especially for other emerging viral infections. SSA can and must play a leading role in the study and control of emerging viral infections, with expansion of research and public health infrastructure to address these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily D Yan
- Center for Global Health and Division of General Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah S Matuja
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Kevin J Pain
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C. V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret L McNairy
- Center for Global Health and Division of General Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert N Peck
- Center for Global Health and Division of General Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Mwanza Interventions Trial Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
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8
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Atekem K, Dixon R, Nditanchou R, Makia CM, Ntsinda M, Basnet S, Schmidt E. Reach and Utility of COVID-19 Information and Preventive Measures for Nomadic Populations in Massangam, West Region of Cameroon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd210792. [PMID: 35235908 PMCID: PMC9128697 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation of nomadic pastoralist settlements from settled communities is a well-known challenge to the health system. Difficulties reaching these groups contribute to inequities in their health and impact the spread or control of several diseases. COVID-19 has led to the suspension of many public health interventions in Cameroon, while preventive measures including behavior change communication have been ongoing since the onset of the pandemic. The reach and utility of these campaigns in semi-nomadic population remain unclear. This exploratory qualitative study was conducted in September to October 2020 using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with nomadic camp heads, and their wives to explore their interactions with communication campaigns, awareness, understanding, and acceptance of behavior change messages. The study revealed a general awareness of COVID-19 and its preventive measures and a prevailing belief that they were less at risk because their camps are isolated from the main communities, and the fact that they had never met a COVID-19 case. They perceived that the women were at lower risk because of their limited interaction outside the camps. There was a common concern regarding the transmission of COVID-19 to their cattle. Routes of communication were markets and mosques frequented by men, making access to information limited to or dependent on men. Financial constraints and lack of water were the main barriers affecting the access to and use of COVID-19 prevention measures. There is need for adaptive communication strategies especially tailored to the culture of nomadic pastoralists addressing gender dynamics of this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareen Atekem
- Sightsavers Research Team, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Sightsavers Research Team, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Dixon
- Sightsavers Research Team, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Sightsavers Research Team, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - Rogers Nditanchou
- Sightsavers Research Team, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Sightsavers Research Team, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Masong Makia
- Catholic University of Central Africa, Institute of Policies and Social Initiatives (IPIS), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marlene Ntsinda
- Catholic University of Central Africa, Institute of Policies and Social Initiatives (IPIS), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sapana Basnet
- Sightsavers Research Team, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Sightsavers Research Team, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Schmidt
- Sightsavers Research Team, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Sightsavers Research Team, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
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9
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Esso L, Epée E, Bilounga C, Abah A, Hamadou A, Dibongue E, Kamga Y, Belinga S, Eyangoh S, Okomo MC, Mounagué C, Tiwoda C, Mandeng N, Onana T, Mendjime P, Mahamat F, Mballa GAE, Boum Y. Cameroon's bold response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the first and second waves. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:1064-1065. [PMID: 34331876 PMCID: PMC8318523 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Esso
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Emilienne Epée
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Chanceline Bilounga
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aristide Abah
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Achta Hamadou
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Dibongue
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yannick Kamga
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sandrine Belinga
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sara Eyangoh
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie-Claire Okomo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; National Public Health Laboratory, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christian Mounagué
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christie Tiwoda
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nadia Mandeng
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thadée Onana
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patricia Mendjime
- Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fanne Mahamat
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon; National Public Health Laboratory, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Georges Alain Etoundi Mballa
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yap Boum
- Public Health Emergency Operations Coordination Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Epicentre, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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