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Cirovic A, Djonic D, Zivkovic V, Nikolic S, Djuric M, Milovanovic P. Metal(oid) profiling of the common site of osteoporotic fractures with bone microarchitecture correlation analysis: a comparative study of hip fracture patients and healthy individuals. Biometals 2025; 38:965-981. [PMID: 40325311 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-025-00689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Increased urine and blood concentrations of heavy metals are linked to an elevated hip fracture risk, but studies dedicated to directly measuring metal(oid) concentrations in the femoral neck are limited. We investigated whether individuals with fractures exhibit a different pattern of metal(oid) bioaccumulation in the femoral neck and examined potential correlations between the concentrations of various metal(oid)s in the femoral neck and trabecular microarchitecture. To address these objectives, we collected femoral neck specimens from 23 individuals, namely 11 individuals with a positive history of contralateral hip fracture (9 women and 2 men, mean age 77.7 ± 8.1 years) and 12 individuals without fractures (10 women and 2 men, mean age 79.5 ± 5.6 years). All samples were subject to microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate bone microarchitecture and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to determine tissue concentrations of metal(oid)s. In the fully adjusted model (adjusted for bone volume, age, and calcium tissue concentration), individuals with hip fractures exhibited higher aluminum levels (p = 0.047) and lower vanadium levels (p < 0.001). Individuals who sustained fragility fractures also showed lower BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and higher Tb.Sp in the femoral neck trabeculae compared with the control group. Several different metal(oid)s were associated with altered patterns of trabecular microarchitecture. In summary, higher aluminum and lower vanadium concentrations in the trabeculae of the femoral neck provide a potential background for the gradual increase in fracture risk. Correlational analysis revealed an association between exposure to certain metals and deteriorated trabecular microarchitecture; however, larger studies are needed to determine the elements independently affecting bone microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Cirovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djonic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Deligradska 31a, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Nikolic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Deligradska 31a, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4/2, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Han J, Sun J, Yuan L, Lou L, Jiang X. Associations between multiple metals exposure and bone mineral density: a population-based study in U.S. children and adolescents. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2025; 26:456. [PMID: 40346584 PMCID: PMC12063371 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-08677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
AIM This study examined the correlation between multi-metal exposure and bone mineral density (BMD) in U.S. children and adolescents. METHODS Data from 1,591 participants (aged 8-19) were analyzed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016. We measured serum copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed lumbar and total BMD. Advanced statistical approaches including weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to evaluate complex exposure interactions. RESULTS Blood Pb and serum Cu showed inverse associations with, while serum Se positively correlated with lumbar BMD (blood Pb: β: -0.013, serum Cu: β: -0.063, serum Se: 0.035) (all P < 0.05). The WQS index showed a significant association with both lumbar BMD(β = 0.019, P < 0.05) and total BMD (β = 0.019, P < 0.001). WQS analysis identified Cd, Se, and Hg as primary contributors to both lumbar and total BMD variations. BKMR models revealed nonlinear exposure-response relationships and synergistic effects between Cd and Mn. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of considering mixed metal exposures in bone health assessments, providing crucial insights for developing preventive strategies to protect skeletal development in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Wenyan Branch of the First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqing Sun
- Wenyan Branch of the First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Wenyan Branch of the First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyao Lou
- Wenyan Branch of the First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Wenyan Branch of the First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Wu S, Nie C, Hu Y, Zhong J, Hong F. Analysis of the association between mixed exposure to multiple metals and comorbidity of osteopenia or osteoporosis: baseline data from the Chinese Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC). BMC Public Health 2025; 25:680. [PMID: 39972432 PMCID: PMC11837480 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-21825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025] Open
Abstract
Both osteoporosis and metal exposure are well-recognized public health concerns globally, particularly in the aging population. However, studies investigating the relationship between metal exposure and bone health conditions such as osteopenia and osteoporosis have either produced inconsistent results or are scarce, especially among the ethnic minorities in China. Herein, we correlated single-metal and metal mixture exposure with osteopenia and osteoporosis using a log-binomial regression model and quantile g-computation. In total, 9,206 ethnic Chinese individuals (Dong and Miao) aged 30-79 years were investigated in this study utilizing the baseline data from the Chinese multi-ethnic cohort study. In the single-metal exposure model, urinary concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron(Fe), mercury(Hg), and manganese (Mn) were positively associated with of osteopenia, whereas those of cobalt(Co) and zinc(Zn) concentrations were negatively associated. Additionally, urinary As, Cd, Cr, and Mn concentrations were positively associated with osteoporosis, whereas that of vanadium(V) was negatively associated. Furthermore, Quantile g-computation results indicated that metal mixture exposure was positively associated with both osteopenia and osteoporosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that simultaneous exposure to multiple metals can affect bone health, providing a theoretical basis for further studies on underlying complex mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Shenyan Wu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Chan Nie
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Jianqin Zhong
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China.
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Setthayanond J, Chuenjai P, Kampeerapappun P, Tooptompong P. Utilization of Pineapple Fruit Waste in Greener Alternative Agents for Thai Silk Pretreatment and Acid Dyeing Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 18:674. [PMID: 39942340 PMCID: PMC11820333 DOI: 10.3390/ma18030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2025] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
Pineapple, extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, contains bromelain, a protein-digesting enzyme that is highly valued in the food and beverage industries. Pineapple residues from food processing retain these enzymes and can be repurposed for silk processing. This research utilized Smooth Cayenne pineapple juice as a degumming agent and its pulp as an adsorbent for dyeing effluent treatment. Pineapple juice, containing bromelain with a protease activity of 16.40 µg/mL·min, effectively removed 22% of sericin from raw silk using a liquid ratio of 30:1 at pH 7 and 60 °C for 60 min. Unlike alkaline degumming, which weakened silk fibers (maximum load 6.18 ± 1.56 N), pineapple juice-treated silk retained higher strength (maximum load 7.80 ± 1.32 N), offering a gentler alternative. The remaining pineapple pulp, after juice extraction, was processed into a porous adsorbent with a surface area of 3.63 m2/g and a pore size of 6.15 nm. This material absorbed acid dyes effectively at pH 5, the normal pH used in the acid dyeing of silk. Valorizing pineapple residues reduces chemical use, energy consumption, and environmental impact while lowering production costs and enhancing local resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantip Setthayanond
- Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (J.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Patintida Chuenjai
- Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (J.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Piyaporn Kampeerapappun
- Faculty of Textile Industries, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok 10120, Thailand;
| | - Porntip Tooptompong
- Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (J.S.); (P.C.)
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Skalny AV, Korobeinikova TV, Aschner M, Paoliello MMB, Lu R, Skalny AA, Mazaletskaya AL, Tinkov AA. Hair and Serum Trace Element and Mineral Levels Profiles in Women with Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3886-3899. [PMID: 38038893 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate serum and hair trace element and mineral levels in women with osteoporosis, as well as to estimate the impact of menopausal status on the profile of trace element and mineral status in women with osteoporosis. 207 women with diagnosed osteoporosis 22-85 years-of-age, and 197 healthy women of the respective age participated in the present study. Analysis of the levels of mineral and trace element in hair and serum samples was performed by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Women with osteoporosis were characterized by significantly lower hair Ca, Mg, Co, I, Li, and Mn levels, as well as serum Ca, Mg, Co, Fe, V, and Zn concentrations compared to women in the control group. After additional grouping according to menopausal status, the lowest hair Ca and Mg content was observed in postmenopausal osteoporotic women, whereas serum Ca and Mg concentrations were the lowest in premenopausal osteoporotic women. Hair Co, Mn, and Zn levels in postmenopausal osteoporotic women were lower than in healthy postmenopausal women. The lowest circulating Zn levels were observed in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Taken together, decreased hair and serum levels in osteoporotic women are indicative of increased risk of Ca, Mg, Co, and Zn deficiency in women with osteoporosis. In turn, alterations in hair trace element and mineral levels in osteoporosis are more profound in postmenopausal women. Hypothetically, improvement in trace element and mineral metabolism especially in postmenopausal women may be considered as a potential strategy for mitigating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrey A Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L Mazaletskaya
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center for Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Dai G, Sun H, Lan Y, Jiang J, Fang B. The association of manganese levels with red cell distribution width: A population-based study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292569. [PMID: 39146304 PMCID: PMC11326586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental and acute exposure studies imply that manganese affects red blood cell production. Nevertheless, the association between environmental exposure and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has yet to be explored. This research sought to assess the correlation between blood manganese levels and RDW within the general population of the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employing weighted multiple linear regression models, data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized to assess the correlation between manganese levels in the blood and RDW. Restricted cubic spline plots and two-piecewise linear regression models were also employed. RESULT The analysis included a total of 15882 participants in which we determined an independent positive relationship between blood manganese levels and RDW among participants(β = 0.079, P<0.001). Moreover, we identified a J-shaped association between blood manganese levels and RDW in total participants (inflection point for blood manganese: 7.32 ug/L) and distinct subgroups following adjusted covariates. Women exhibited a more pronounced association, even after controlling for adjusted covariates. CONCLUSIONS We determined a J-shaped relationship between blood manganese levels and RDW with an inflection point at 7.32 ug/L for blood manganese. Nevertheless, fundamental research and large sample prospective studies are needed to determine the extent to which blood manganese levels correlate with RDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmian Dai
- Department of Hematology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, FuYang Women and Children's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yanli Lan
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingmu Fang
- Department of Hematology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Kang J, Wu X, Li Y, Zhao S, Wang S, Yu D. Association between inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis in European and East Asian populations: exploring causality, mediation by nutritional status, and shared genetic architecture. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425610. [PMID: 39136019 PMCID: PMC11317921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While previous research has established an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and osteoporosis (OP), the nature of this association in different populations remains unclear. Objective Our study used linkage disequilibrium scores(LDSC) regression analysis and Mendelian randomization(MR) to assess the genetic correlation and causal relationship between IBD and OP in European and East Asian populations. Methods We performed separate genetic correlation and causal analyses for IBD and OP in European and East Asian populations, used the product of coefficients method to estimate the mediating effect of nutritional status on the causal relationship, and used multi-trait analysis to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the IBD-nutrition-OP causal pathway. Results Our analysis revealed a significant genetic correlation and causal relationship between IBD and OP in the European population. Conversely, no such correlation or causal relationship was observed in the East Asian population. Mediation analysis revealed a significant mediating effect of nutritional status on the causal pathway between IBD and OP in the European population. Multi-trait analysis of the IBD-nutrition-OP causal pathway identified MFAP2, ATP13A2, SERPINA1, FTO and VCAN as deleterious variants. Conclusion Our findings establish a genetic correlation and causal relationship between IBD and OP in the European population, with nutritional status playing a crucial mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xize Wu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuangli Zhao
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Ayaz A, Zaman W, Radák Z, Gu Y. Green strength: The role of micronutrients in plant-based diets for athletic performance enhancement. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32803. [PMID: 38975163 PMCID: PMC11225853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the correlation between plant-based diets and athletic performance, with a specific emphasis on the vital aspect of optimizing micronutrients for athletes. In light of the increasing prevalence of plant-based nutrition among athletes due to its perceived advantages in terms of health, ethics, and the environment, this study investigates the ability of these diets to satisfy the demanding nutritional requirements essential for achieving optimal performance and facilitating recovery. The article emphasizes the significance of essential micronutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids and also addressing the challenges with their absorption and bioavailability from plant sources. The review consolidates existing scientific knowledge to propose strategies for improving micronutrient consumption, comparing the effects of supplements against whole foods, and highlighting the significance of enhancing bioavailability. The proposal supports the implementation of personalized meal planning, with the assistance of sports nutritionists or dietitians, and is substantiated by case studies showcasing the success of plant-based athletes. Future research directions examine the long-term effects of plant-based diets on micronutrient status and athletic performance, as well as developing nutritional trends and technology. The review concludes that plant-based diets can meet athletes' nutritional demands and improve peak performance while aligning with personal and ethical values with strategic planning and professional guidance. This study intends to help athletes, coaches, and nutritionists understand plant-based nutrition for enhanced athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Yang X, Li L, Nie L. Associations between co‑exposure to heavy metals and vertebral compression fracture, as well as femoral neck bone mineral density: A cross-sectional study from NHANES data. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303418. [PMID: 38776301 PMCID: PMC11111051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence showed that exposure to heavy metals was harmful to human health. Little is known regarding the mixing effects of multiple metal exposures on vertebral compression fracture (VCF) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to explore the individual and joint effects of four heavy metals [manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg)] on VCF risk and femoral neck BMD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1,007 eligible individuals with vertebral fractures from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. The outcome was the risk of VCF and femoral neck BMD. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the individual effect of four heavy metals on the VCF risk, separately. Weighted multivariate linear regression was used to explore the individual effect of four heavy metals on the femoral neck BMD, separately. Adopted bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model and quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) to examine the joint effects of four heavy metals on the VCF risk and femoral neck BMD. RESULTS Among the population, 57 individuals developed VCF. After adjusting covariates, we found no statistical differences regarding the individual effects of four heavy metals on the risk of VCF. BKMR model and qgcomp indicated that there were no statistical differences regarding the joint effects between four heavy metals on the VCF risk. In addition, we found that Cd was associated with femoral neck BMD, and an increase in the mixture of heavy metal exposures was associated with a decreased risk of femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSION No significant correlation was observed between co-exposure to Mn, Pb, Cd and Hg and VCF risk. But co-exposure to Mn, Pb, Cd and Hg may be associated with femoral neck BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurong Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jiangle General Hospital of FuJian Province, Sanming, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangle General Hospital of FuJian Province, Sanming, China
| | - Lixiong Nie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangle General Hospital of FuJian Province, Sanming, China
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Deng X, Guo Y, Jin X, Si H, Dai K, Deng M, He J, Hao C, Yao W. Manganese accumulation in red blood cells as a biomarker of manganese exposure and neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2024; 102:1-11. [PMID: 38461971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Although overexposure to manganese (Mn) is known to cause neurotoxic damage, effective exposure markers for assessing Mn loading in Mn-exposed workers are lacking. Here, we construct a Mn-exposed rat model to perform correlation analysis between Mn-induced neurological damage and Mn levels in various biological samples. We combine this analysis with epidemiological investigation to assess whether Mn concentrations in red blood cells (MnRBCs) and urine (MnU) can be used as valid exposure markers. The results show that Mn exposure resulted in neurotoxic damage in rats and that MnRBCs correlated well with neurological damage, showing potential as a novel Mn exposure biomarker. These findings provide a basis for health monitoring of Mn-exposed workers and the development of more appropriate biological exposure limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Deng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yonghua Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Huifang Si
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kai Dai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Child and Adolescence Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Li L, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li Q, Geng H, Shi L, Wang B, Qiu Q, Yu T, Sang Y, Wang L, Xu W, Liang J. Chloroform associated with bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional research. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290132. [PMID: 38427675 PMCID: PMC10906833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density is an important indicator of osteoporosis, and its variation with volatile organic compounds exposure has rarely been studied. However, the relationship between chloroform (an essential volatile organic compounds component) and bone mineral density remains unclear. Consequently, we aimed to explore the relationship between chloroform alone and bone mineral density or bone mineral content. METHODS Herein, 2,553 individuals aged 18 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in 2009-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2020, were included. We employed two independent t-tests and multi-linear regression models to statistically assess the relationship between chloroform exposure and BMD/BMC in the spine and femoral area. RESULTS A "V"-shaped correlation between chloroform exposure and bone mineral density or bone mineral content (BMD/BMC) was observed in the unadjusted model, particularly in the Ward's triangle and femoral neck as a whole. A negative correlation was specifically observed for the Ward's triangle BMD/BMC and L4 BMD/BMC. On the other hand, in the adjusted model, a dominantly negative correlation between the L4 BMC and chloroform exposure was observed over a range of exposure levels. The subgroup analysis revealed a negative correlation between chloroform concentrations and BMC in the femur and spine, especially in women and the 65-80 age population. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a "V" shaped correlation between chloroform and BMD/BMC of the femur and spine in U.S. adults. This finding highlights the fact that prolonged exposure to chloroform may cause the changes in BMD/BMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xuekui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Houfa Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinqin Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianpei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiquan Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lyying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Helbawi E, Abd El-Latif SA, Toson MA, Banach A, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Elwan H. Impacts of Biosynthesized Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Capacity, Hematological Parameters, and Antioxidant Protein Docking in Broilers. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9396-9409. [PMID: 38434868 PMCID: PMC10905714 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Using green tomato extract, a green approach was used to synthesize manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2NPs). The synthesis of MnO2NPs was (20.93-36.85 nm) confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) analyses. One hundred fifty-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups. The control group received a diet containing 60 mg Mn/kg (100% NRC broiler recommendation). The other four groups received different levels of Mn from both bulk MnO2 and green synthesized MnO2NPs, ranging from 66 to 72 mg/kg (110% and 120% of the standard level). Each group comprised 30 birds, in three replicates of 10 birds each. Generally, the study's results indicate that incorporating MnO2NPs as a feed additive had no negative effects on broiler chick growth, antioxidant status, and overall physiological responses. The addition of MnO2NPs, whether at 66 or 72 mg/kg, led to enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both serum and liver tissues of the broiler chicks. Notably, the 72 mg MnO2NPs group displayed significantly higher SOD activity compared to the other groups. The study was further justified through docking. High throughput targeted docking was performed for proteins GHS, GST, and SOD with MnO2. SOD showed an effective binding affinity of -2.3 kcal/mol. This research sheds light on the potential of MnO2NPs as a safe and effective feed additive for broiler chicks. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of incorporating MnO2NPs into broiler feed, to optimize broiler production and promote its welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa
S. Helbawi
- Animal
and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519 EL-Minya, Egypt
| | - S. A. Abd El-Latif
- Animal
and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519 EL-Minya, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Toson
- Animal
and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519 EL-Minya, Egypt
| | - Artur Banach
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Institute of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John
Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada Elwan
- Animal
and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519 EL-Minya, Egypt
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13
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Luo Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Liu X, Luo E. Metal ions: the unfading stars of bone regeneration-from bone metabolism regulation to biomaterial applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7268-7295. [PMID: 37800407 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, bone regeneration has emerged as a remarkable field that offers promising guidance for treating bone-related diseases, such as bone defects, bone infections, and osteosarcoma. Among various bone regeneration approaches, the metal ion-based strategy has surfaced as a prospective candidate approach owing to the extensive regulatory role of metal ions in bone metabolism and the diversity of corresponding delivery strategies. Various metal ions can promote bone regeneration through three primary strategies: balancing the effects of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, regulating the immune microenvironment, and promoting bone angiogenesis. In the meantime, the complex molecular mechanisms behind these strategies are being consistently explored. Moreover, the accelerated development of biomaterials broadens the prospect of metal ions applied to bone regeneration. This review highlights the potential of metal ions for bone regeneration and their underlying mechanisms. We propose that future investigations focus on refining the clinical utilization of metal ions using both mechanistic inquiry and materials engineering to bolster the clinical effectiveness of metal ion-based approaches for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wu C, Xiao Y, Jiang Y. Associations of blood trace elements with bone mineral density: a population-based study in US adults. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:827. [PMID: 37924110 PMCID: PMC10623864 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between blood trace elements and bone mineral density (BMD) and to determine the association between blood trace elements and the risk of low BMD/osteoporosis among US adults. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2016). Multivariable linear regression models were employed to assess the associations of BMD in lumbar spine (LS-BMD), pelvic (PV-BMD) and total femur (TF-BMD) with blood trace elements, including Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, Cd, Pb, Hg. Additionally, the associations of low BMD/osteoporosis with blood trace elements were also evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Higher blood Pb levels were found associated with decreased LS-BMD (p for trend < 0.001), PV-BMD (p for trend = 0.007), and TF-BMD (p for trend = 0.003) in female, while higher blood Se levels were associated with increased PV-BMD in female (p for trend = 0.042); no linear association between BMD and other blood trace element was observed. Also, significant associations were found between Pb levels and the prevalence of low BMD (p for trend = 0.030) and the prevalence of osteoporosis (p for trend = 0.036), while association between other blood trace elements and low BMD/osteoporosis was not observed. CONCLUSION This study provides comprehensive insight into the association between blood trace elements and BMD and supports a detrimental effect of blood Pb levels on bone mass in women. Considering our analysis from a representative US general population, further study is warranted for the extreme levels of blood trace elements on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuexia Jiang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Huang B, Jin J, Xiao Y, Ying H. Recent advances in the application of ionomics in metabolic diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1111933. [PMID: 36726817 PMCID: PMC9884710 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements and minerals play a significant role in human health and diseases. In recent years, ionomics has been rapidly and widely applied to explore the distribution, regulation, and crosstalk of different elements in various physiological and pathological processes. On the basis of multi-elemental analytical techniques and bioinformatics methods, it is possible to elucidate the relationship between the metabolism and homeostasis of diverse elements and common diseases. The current review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the application of ionomics in metabolic disease research. We mainly focuses on the studies about ionomic or multi-elemental profiling of different biological samples for several major types of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, which reveal distinct and dynamic patterns of ion contents and their potential benefits in the detection and prognosis of these illnesses. Accumulation of copper, selenium, and environmental toxic metals as well as deficiency of zinc and magnesium appear to be the most significant risk factors for the majority of metabolic diseases, suggesting that imbalance of these elements may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Moreover, each type of metabolic diseases has shown a relatively unique distribution of ions in biofluids and hair/nails from patients, which might serve as potential indicators for the respective disease. Overall, ionomics not only improves our understanding of the association between elemental dyshomeostasis and the development of metabolic disease but also assists in the identification of new potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zhang ✉
| | - Biyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimin Ying
- Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Huimin Ying ✉
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16
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Qi M, Wu Y, Zhang S, Li G, An T. Pollution Profiles, Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil near a Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting Plant. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1004. [PMID: 36673760 PMCID: PMC9858899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution related to non-ferrous metal smelting may pose a significant threat to human health. This study analyzed 58 surface soils collected from a representative non-ferrous metal smelting area to screen potentially hazardous heavy metals and evaluate their health risk in the studied area. The findings demonstrated that human activity had contributed to the pollution degrees of Cu, Cd, As, Zn, and Pb in the surrounding area of a non-ferrous metal smelting plant (NMSP). Cu, Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Ni, and Co pollution within the NMSP was serious. Combining the spatial distribution and Spearman correlations with principal component analysis (PCA), the primary sources of Cd, As, Pb, and Zn in surrounding areas were related to non-ferrous metal smelting and transportation activities. High non-cancer (THI = 4.76) and cancer risks (TCR = 2.99 × 10-4) were found for adults in the NMSP. Moreover, heavy metals in the surrounding areas posed a potential cancer risk to children (TCR = 3.62 × 10-6) and adults (TCR = 1.27 × 10-5). The significant contributions of As, Pb, and Cd to health risks requires special attention. The construction of a heavy metal pollution management system will benefit from the current study for the non-ferrous metal smelting industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingjun Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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