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Liu J, Ding C, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang L, Fang Q, Shuai C, Gao Y, Wu J. Advances in Mechanism of HIV-1 Immune Reconstitution Failure: Understanding Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Interventions for Immunological Nonresponders. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1609-1620. [PMID: 38768409 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In individuals diagnosed with AIDS, the primary method of sustained suppression of HIV-1 replication is antiretroviral therapy, which systematically increases CD4+ T cell levels and restores immune function. However, there is still a subset of 10-40% of people living with HIV who not only fail to reach normal CD4+ T cell counts but also experience severe immune dysfunction. These individuals are referred to as immunological nonresponders (INRs). INRs have a higher susceptibility to opportunistic infections and non-AIDS-related illnesses, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, it is crucial to gain new insights into the primary mechanisms of immune reconstitution failure to enable early and effective treatment for individuals at risk. This review provides an overview of the dynamics of key lymphocyte subpopulations, the main molecular mechanisms of INRs, clinical diagnosis, and intervention strategies during immune reconstitution failure, primarily from a multiomics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengchao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lina Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Chenxi Shuai
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
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Tang S, Lu Y, Sun F, Qin Y, Harypursat V, Deng R, Zhang G, Chen Y, Wang T. Transcriptomic crosstalk between viral and host factors drives aberrant homeostasis of T-cell proliferation and cell death in HIV-infected immunological non-responders. J Infect 2024; 88:106151. [PMID: 38582127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological non-responders (INRs) among people living with HIV have inherently higher mortality and morbidity rates. The underlying immunological mechanisms whereby failure of immune reconstitution occurs in INRs require elucidation. METHOD HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 cell-associated RNA (CA-HIV RNA) quantifications were conducted via RT-qPCR. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), bioinformatics, and biological verifications were performed to discern the crosstalk between host and viral factors. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cellular activation, proliferation, and death. RESULTS HIV-1 DNA and CA-HIV RNA levels were observed to be significantly higher in INRs compared to immunological responders (IRs). Evaluation of CD4/CD8 ratios showed a significantly negative correlation with HIV-1 DNA in IRs, but not in INRs. Bioinformatics analyses and biological verifications showed IRF7/INF-α regulated antiviral response was intensified in INRs. PBMCs of INRs expressed significantly more HIV integrase-mRNA (p31) than IRs. Resting (CD4+CD69- T-cells) and activated (CD4+CD69+ T-cells) HIV-1 reservoir harboring cells were significantly higher in INRs, with the co-occurrence of significantly higher cellular proliferation and cell death in CD4+ T-cells of INRs. CONCLUSION In INRs, the systematic crosstalk between the HIV-1 reservoir and host cells tends to maintain a persistent antiviral response-associated inflammatory environment, which drives aberrant cellular activation, proliferation, and death of CD4+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Yanqiu Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Renni Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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Xia C, Zhang X, Harypursat V, Ouyang J, Chen Y. The role of pyroptosis in incomplete immune reconstitution among people living with HIV:Potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106969. [PMID: 37866704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, HIV infection causes significant morbidity and mortality, and is a major public health problem. Despite the fact that widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has substantially altered the natural history of HIV infection from originally being a universally lethal disease to now being a chronic medical condition for those taking appropriate treatment, approximately 10-40% of people living with HIV (PLWH) who take effective ART and maintain long-term viral suppression fail to achieve normalization of CD4 + T-cell counts. This phenomenon is referred to as incomplete immune reconstitution or immunological non-response. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this outcome have not been elucidated, recent evidence indicates that excessive pyroptosis may play a crucial role in the development of incomplete immune reconstitution. Pyroptosis is characterized by the formation of pores in the cell membrane, cell rupture, and secretion of intracellular contents and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. This excessive inflammation-induced programmed cell death leads to a massive loss of CD4 + T-cells, and inflammatory consequences that may promote and sustain incomplete immune reconstitution. Herein, we review the possible pathways activated in HIV infection by inflammasomes that act as switches of pyroptosis, and the role of pyroptosis in HIV, as well as the relevance of CD4 + T-cells in incomplete immune reconstitution. We also highlight the possible mechanisms of pyroptosis involved in incomplete immune reconstitution, thus paving the way for the development of potential targets for the treatment of incomplete immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xia
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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Zaongo SD, Chen Y. Metformin may be a viable adjunctive therapeutic option to potentially enhance immune reconstitution in HIV-positive immunological non-responders. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2147-2155. [PMID: 37247620 PMCID: PMC10508460 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Incomplete immune reconstitution remains a global challenge for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in the present era of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially for those individuals referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs), who exhibit dramatically low CD4 + T-cell counts despite the use of effective antiretroviral therapy, with long-term inhibition of viral replication. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the concept of ART-treated HIV-positive immunological non-response, and also explain the known mechanisms which could potentially account for the emergence of immunological non-response in some HIV-infected individuals treated with appropriate and effective ART. We found that immune cell exhaustion, combined with chronic inflammation and the HIV-associated dysbiosis syndrome, may represent strategic aspects of the immune response that may be fundamental to incomplete immune recovery. Interestingly, we noted from the literature that metformin exhibits properties and characteristics that may potentially be useful to specifically target immune cell exhaustion, chronic inflammation, and HIV-associated gut dysbiosis syndrome, mechanisms which are now recognized for their critically important complicity in HIV disease-related incomplete immune recovery. In light of evidence discussed in this review, it can be seen that metformin may be of particularly favorable use if utilized as adjunctive treatment in INRs to potentially enhance immune reconstitution. The approach described herein may represent a promising area of therapeutic intervention, aiding in significantly reducing the risk of HIV disease progression and mortality in a particularly vulnerable subgroup of HIV-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
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Zhu K, Xu Q, Ma Y, Li P, Jia H, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang D, Guo H, Jin Y. Suboptimal Immune Recovery and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV/AIDS on Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Central China: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4975-4982. [PMID: 35710693 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have contributed to significantly improved patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) quality of life and prolongs their survival. This has occurred by suppressing viral replication and recovering the CD4 cell count. However, some patients do not normalize their CD4 cell count, despite suppression of the viral load (VL). Patients with suboptimal immune recovery (SIR), as defined by a viral load(VL) < 400 copies/ml with a CD4 cell count of<200cells/μl, after ART initiation, exhibit severe immune dysfunction and have a higher risk of AIDS and non-AIDS events. In recent years, People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with first-line ART failure began to gradually switch to second-line ART. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors affecting SIR among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who switch to second-line ART in rural China. METHODS A 1-year retrospective cohort study was conducted among PLWHA who switched to second-line ART between January 2009 and December 2018. All patients with a viral load(VL) < 400 copies/ml after 1 year of second-line ART were included. SIR was defined as a CD4 cell count <200 cells/μl and a viral load(VL) <400 copies/ml after 1 year of second-line ART. The data collected from medical records were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS A total of 5294 PLWHA met the inclusion criteria, 24 died, and 1152 were lost to follow-up after 1 year of second-line ART. Among 4118 PLWHA who were followed up, 3039 with a viral load(VL) <400 copies/ml had their data analyzed, and the prevalence of SIR was 13.1%. The patients' mean age at recruitment was 47.6±8.1 years and 45.3% were men. A total of 30.7% of patients were HIV-positive for >8 years and 88.2% were receiving ART before starting second-line ART for >3 years. The mean CD4 cell count was 354.8±238.2 cells/μl. A multivariable analysis showed that male sex, single status (unmarried or divorced), and a low CD4 cell count were risk factors for SIR among PLWHA with second-line ART. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of SIR among PLWHA who switched to second-line ART in this retrospective cohort study is lower than that in most other studies. Several factors associated with SIR include male sex, marital status, and CD4 cell count levels in PLWHA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Qianlei Xu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China.,Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Yanmin Ma
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Huangchao Jia
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Yantao Jin
- Department of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Treatment and Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
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Shahbaz S, Okoye I, Blevins G, Elahi S. Elevated ATP via enhanced miRNA-30b, 30c, and 30e downregulates the expression of CD73 in CD8+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010378. [PMID: 35325005 PMCID: PMC8947394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a crucial role against chronic viral infections, however, their effector functions are influenced by the expression of co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors. For example, CD73 works with CD39 to convert highly inflammatory ATP to adenosine. However, its expression on T cells in the context of viral infections has not been well defined. Here, we analyzed the expression of CD73 on human T cells in a cohort of 102 HIV-infected individuals including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART), ART-naïve, and long-term non-progressors who were not on ART. We found that the frequency of CD73+ T cells was markedly lower among T cell subsets (e.g. naïve, effector or memory) in the peripheral blood of all HIV-infected individuals. Notably, CD73 was decreased at the cell surface, intracellular and gene levels. Functionally, CD8+CD73+ T cells exhibited decreased cytokine expression (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2) upon global or antigen-specific stimulation and impaired expression of cytolytic molecules at the gene and protein levels. In contrast, CD8+CD73+ T cells expressed elevated levels of homing receptors such as CCR7, α4β7 integrin, which suggests a migratory advantage for these cells as observed in vitro. We also observed significant migration of CD73+CD8+ T cells into the cerebrospinal fluids of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at the time of disease relapse. Moreover, we found that elevated levels of ATP in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals upregulates the expression of miRNA30b-e in T cells in vitro. In turn, inhibition of miRNAs (30b, 30c and 30e) resulted in significant upregulation of CD73 mRNA in CD8+ T cells. Therefore, we provide a novel mechanism for the downregulation of CD73 via ATP-induced upregulation of miRNA30b, 30c and 30e in HIV infection. Finally, these observations imply that ATP-mediated downregulation of CD73 mainly occurs via its receptor, P2X1/P2RX1. Our results may in part explain why HIV-infected individuals have reduced risk of developing MS considering the role of CD73 for efficient T cell entry into the central nervous system. CD8+ T cells (killer T cells) play an important role against chronic viral infections, however, their functional properties get compromised during the course of HIV infection. CD73, is one of molecules that influences T cell functions, however, its role in the context of viral infections has not been well defined. Here, we analyzed the expression of CD73 on T cells in a cohort of 102 HIV-infected individuals including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART), ART-naïve, and long-term non-progressors who were not on ART. We found that the frequency of T cells expressing this molecule was markedly lower among different T cell subsets obtained from the blood of HIV-infected individuals. Notably, CD73 was decreased at the intracellular protein and gene levels. Furthermore, we found that T cells expressing this molecule (CD73) had impaired functional properties. In contrast, we observed that T cells expressing CD73 had elevated levels of homing receptors, which suggests a migratory advantage for these cells. This was also supported by increased CD73+ T cells in the cerebrospinal fluids of multiple sclerosis patients when they experienced disease replace. Moreover, we found that the elevated level of ATP in the plasma of HIV-infected individuals is responsible for the upregulation of miRNA30b, 30c and 30e, resulting in reduced expression of CD73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahbaz
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Isobel Okoye
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gregg Blevins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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7
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Bai R, Lv S, Wu H, Dai L. Low-level viremia in treated HIV-1 infected patients: advances and challenges. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:111-119. [PMID: 35170410 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x20666220216102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively suppress HIV-1 replication, improving quality of life and restoring the lifespan of persons living with HIV (PLWH) to near normal levels. However, after standardized ART, a low level of HIV-1 RNA, i.e., low-level viremia (LLV), may still be identified in 3% to 10% of the patients. LLV is capable of impacting the immunological and clinical outcome of patients and serves as a risk factor for transmission. The underlying mechanism of LLV is not yet certain, and the effects of LLV on patient outcomes remain under evaluation. Understanding LLV will allow effective prevention and control strategies to be designed for the benefit of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Bai
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyun Lv
- Travel Clinic, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Travel Clinic, Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hixson EA, Borker PV, Jackson EK, Macatangay BJ. The Adenosine Pathway and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Inflammation. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab396. [PMID: 34557556 PMCID: PMC8454523 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with an increased risk of age-associated comorbidities and mortality compared to people without HIV. This has been attributed to HIV-associated chronic inflammation and immune activation despite viral suppression. The adenosine pathway is an established mechanism by which the body regulates persistent inflammation to limit tissue damage associated with inflammatory conditions. However, HIV infection is associated with derangements in the adenosine pathway that limits its ability to control HIV-associated inflammation. This article reviews the function of purinergic signaling and the role of the adenosine signaling pathway in HIV-associated chronic inflammation. This review also discusses the beneficial and potential detrimental effects of pharmacotherapeutic strategies targeting this pathway among people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hixson
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priya V Borker
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard J Macatangay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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D'Amico D, Valdebenito S, Eugenin EA. The role of Pannexin-1 channels and extracellular ATP in the pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:563-576. [PMID: 34542793 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Only recently, the role of large ionic channels such as Pannexin-1 channels and Connexin hemichannels has been implicated in several physiological and pathological conditions, including HIV infection and associated comorbidities. These channels are in a closed stage in healthy conditions, but in pathological conditions including HIV, Pannexin-1 channels and Connexin hemichannels become open. Our data demonstrate that acute and chronic HIV infection induces channel opening (Pannexin and Connexin channels), ATP release into the extracellular space, and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors in immune and non-immune cells. We demonstrated that Pannexin and Connexin channels contribute to HIV infection and replication, the long-term survival of viral reservoirs, and comorbidities such as NeuroHIV. Here, we discuss the available data to support the participation of these channels in the HIV life cycle and the potential therapeutic approach to prevent HIV-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Amico
- Department of Neuroscience , Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience , Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience , Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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10
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Soare AY, Freeman TL, Min AK, Malik HS, Osota EO, Swartz TH. P2RX7 at the Host-Pathogen Interface of Infectious Diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00055-20. [PMID: 33441488 PMCID: PMC7849353 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00055-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) is an important molecule that functions as a danger sensor, detecting extracellular nucleotides from injured cells and thus signaling an inflammatory program to nearby cells. It is expressed in immune cells and plays important roles in pathogen surveillance and cell-mediated responses to infectious organisms. There is an abundance of literature on the role of P2RX7 in inflammatory diseases and the role of these receptors in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the role of P2RX7 in the host response to a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. We describe in vitro and in vivo evidence for the critical role these receptors play in mediating and modulating immune responses. Our observations indicate a role for P2X7 signaling in sensing damage-associated molecular patterns released by nearby infected cells to facilitate immunopathology or protection. In this review, we describe how P2RX7 signaling can play critical roles in numerous cells types in response to a diverse array of pathogens in mediating pathogenesis and immunity to infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Soare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracey L Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alice K Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hagerah S Malik
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Osota
- University of California San Diego, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Utay NS, Overton ET. Immune Activation and Inflammation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Challenging Targets. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1567-1570. [PMID: 31282534 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Netanya S Utay
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Edgar T Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine
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12
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Definition of Immunological Nonresponse to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 82:452-461. [PMID: 31592836 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terms and criteria to classify people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy who fail to achieve satisfactory CD4 T-cell counts are heterogeneous, and need revision and summarization. METHODS We performed a systematic review of PubMed original research articles containing a set of predefined terms, published in English between January 2009 and September 2018. The search retrieved initially 1360 studies, of which 103 were eligible. The representative terminology and criteria were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-two terms and 73 criteria to define the condition were identified. The most frequent term was "immunological nonresponders" and the most frequent criterion was "CD4 T-cell count <350 cells/µL after ≥24 months of virologic suppression." Most criteria use CD4+ T-cell counts as a surrogate, either as an absolute value or as a change after a defined period of time [corrected]. Distinct values and time points were used. Only 9 of the 73 criteria were used by more than one independent research team. Herein we propose 2 criteria that could help to reach a consensus. CONCLUSIONS The high disparity in terms and criteria here reported precludes data aggregation and progression of the knowledge on this condition, because it renders impossible to compare data from different studies. This review will foster the discussion of terms and criteria to achieve a consensual definition.
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Yang X, Su B, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wu H, Zhang T. Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non-responders. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:597-612. [PMID: 31965635 PMCID: PMC7187275 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr1019-189r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-related diseases were dramatically diminished by the grounds of the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy, which induces persistent suppression of HIV-1 replication and gradual recovery of CD4+ T-cell counts. However, ∼10-40% of HIV-1-infected individuals fail to achieve normalization of CD4+ T-cell counts despite persistent virological suppression. These patients are referred to as "inadequate immunological responders," "immunodiscordant responders," or "immunological non-responders (INRs)" who show severe immunological dysfunction. Indeed, INRs are at an increased risk of clinical progression to AIDS and non-AIDS events and present higher rates of mortality than HIV-1-infected individuals with adequate immune reconstitution. To date, the underlying mechanism of incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected patients has not been fully elucidated. In light of this limitation, it is of substantial practical significance to deeply understand the mechanism of immune reconstitution and design effective individualized treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we aim to highlight the mechanism and risk factors of incomplete immune reconstitution and strategies to intervene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
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14
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Circulating levels of ATP is a biomarker of HIV cognitive impairment. EBioMedicine 2019; 51:102503. [PMID: 31806564 PMCID: PMC7000317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developed countries, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection has become a chronic disease despite the positive effects of anti-retroviral therapies (ART), but still at least half of the HIV infected population shown signs of cognitive impairment. Therefore, biomarkers of HIV cognitive decline are urgently needed. METHODS We analyze the opening of one of the larger channels expressed by humans, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channels, in the uninfected and HIV infected population (n = 175). We determined channel opening and secretion of intracellular second messengers released through the channel such as PGE2 and ATP. Also, we correlated the opening of Panx-1 channels with the circulating levels of PGE2 and ATP as well as cogntive status of the individuals analyzed. FINDINGS Here, we demonstrate that Panx-1 channels on fresh PBMCs obtained from uninfected individuals are closed and no significant amounts of PGE2 and ATP are detected in the circulation. In contrast, in all HIV-infected individuals analyzed, even the ones under effective ART, a spontaneous opening of Panx-1 channels and increased circulating levels of PGE2 and ATP were detected. Circulating levels of ATP were correlated with cognitive decline in the HIV-infected population supporting that ATP is a biomarker of cognitive disease in the HIV-infected population. INTERPRETATION We propose that circulating levels of ATP could predict CNS compromise and lead to the breakthroughs necessary to detect and prevent brain compromise in the HIV-infected population.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected patients progressing towards disease present a premature immune aging profile, characterized by the exhaustion of lymphopoiesis. The development of these anomalies may be prevented in young HIV-infected patients owing to their robust immune resources and lymphocyte regeneration capacities. METHODS An immunomonitoring substudy was designed for young adults aged between 18 and 25 years, living with HIV since childhood included in the national ANRS Co19 COVERTE Cohort. We compared markers associated with immune aging, including the frequency of circulating hematopoietic progenitors and the phenotype of lymphocyte populations, with those of patients infected with HIV in adulthood. RESULTS HIV-infected young adults displayed decreasing numbers of CD34 hematopoietic progenitors and mature lymphocytes, indicative of general lymphopenia and reminiscent of the alterations found in patients infected in adulthood or uninfected elderly people. This highlights the strong impact of HIV on the immune system despite patient's young age at infection. Immune aging-related alterations were particularly obvious in young patients who presented high viral loads. CONCLUSION HIV-infected young adults can present increased markers of immune activation and senescence, related to uncontrolled viral replication. This highlights the issue of noncompliance to antiretroviral therapy in patients at a young age, resulting in loss of viral control, premature immunosenescence, and potentially irreversible damage of their lymphopoietic system.
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16
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Graziano F, Vicenzi E, Poli G. The ATP/P2X7 axis in human immunodeficiency virus infection of macrophages. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 47:46-52. [PMID: 30901736 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infects CD4+ T lymphocytes with a 'helper' function and myeloid cells, mostly tissue-resident macrophages. While infection of CD4 T lymphocytes in the absence of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) leads to their depletion and to a profound immunodeficiency, macrophages are resistant to virus-induced cytopathicity and are a source of infectious virus, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). Infected macrophages are characterized by accumulating newly formed viral particles (virions) in subcellular vacuoles defined as 'virus-containing compartments (VCC)', derived from invaginations of the plasma membrane, that are poorly accessible to antiretroviral agents and anti-HIV antibodies. Several factors favor the accumulation of HIV-1 virions in VCC in vitro, whereas extracellular ATP, via binding to its receptor P2X7, is the only agent described thus far as capable of triggering the rapid release of VCC-sequestered virions without simultaneously causing the death of infected macrophages. Thus, the eATP/P2X7 axis could be exploited to achieve a pharmacological control of VCC-associated viral reservoir in individuals under effective cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Graziano
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Institute Curie Laboratoire Immunité et Cancer, INSERM U932 Equipe Benaroch, Transport Intracellulaire et Immunité, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milano, Italy.
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17
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Rb-Silva R, Nobrega C, Azevedo C, Athayde E, Canto-Gomes J, Ferreira I, Cheynier R, Yates AJ, Horta A, Correia-Neves M. Thymic Function as a Predictor of Immune Recovery in Chronically HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30804925 PMCID: PMC6370619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor immunological responders (PIR) are HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) but persistently low CD4+ T cell counts. Early identification of PIR is important given their higher morbimortality compared to adequate immune responders (AIR). In this study, 33 patients severely lymphopenic at ART onset, were followed for at least 36 months, and classified as PIR or AIR using cluster analysis grounded on their CD4+ T cell count trajectories. Based on a variety of immunological parameters, we built predictive models of PIR/AIR outcome using logistic regression. All PIR had CD4+ T cell counts consistently below 500 cells/μL, while all AIR reached this threshold. AIR showed a higher percentage of recent thymic emigrants among CD4+ T cells; higher numbers of sj-TRECs and greater sj/β TREC ratios; and significant increases in thymic volume from baseline to 12 months of ART. We identified mathematical models that correctly predicted PIR/AIR outcome after 36 months of therapy in 77-87% of the cases, based on observations made until 2-6 months after ART onset. This study highlights the importance of thymic activity in the immune recovery of severely lymphopenic patients, and may help to select the patients that will benefit from closer follow-up or novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rb-Silva
- Population Health Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Onco-Hematology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Nobrega
- Population Health Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Azevedo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Center of Mathematics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Emilia Athayde
- Department of Mathematics and Applications, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Center of Mathematics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Canto-Gomes
- Population Health Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ivo Ferreira
- Population Health Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rémi Cheynier
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Université Paris Decartes, Paris, France
| | - Andrew J Yates
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ana Horta
- Population Health Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Population Health Research Domain, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Soare AY, Durham ND, Gopal R, Tweel B, Hoffman KW, Brown JA, O'Brien M, Bhardwaj N, Lim JK, Chen BK, Swartz TH. P2X Antagonists Inhibit HIV-1 Productive Infection and Inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-1β in a Human Tonsil Explant Model. J Virol 2019; 93:e01186-18. [PMID: 30305360 PMCID: PMC6288349 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01186-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 causes a persistent infection of the immune system that is associated with chronic comorbidities. The mechanisms that underlie this inflammation are poorly understood. Emerging literature has implicated proinflammatory purinergic receptors and downstream signaling mediators in HIV-1 infection. This study probed whether inhibitors of purinergic receptors would reduce HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-stimulated inflammation. An ex vivo human tonsil histoculture infection model was developed to support HIV-1 productive infection and stimulated the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). This study tests whether inhibitors of purinergic receptors would reduce HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-stimulated inflammation. The purinergic P2X1 receptor antagonist NF449, the purinergic P2X7 receptor antagonist A438079, and azidothymidine (AZT) were tested in HIV-1-infected human tonsil explants to compare levels of inhibition of HIV-1 infection and HIV-stimulated inflammatory cytokine production. All drugs limited HIV-1 productive infection, but P2X-selective antagonists (NF449 and A438079) significantly lowered HIV-stimulated IL-10 and IL-1β. We further observed that P2X1- and P2X7-selective antagonists can act differentially as inhibitors of both HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-stimulated inflammation. Our findings highlight the differential effects of HIV-1 on inflammation in peripheral blood compared to those in lymphoid tissue. For the first time, we demonstrate that P2X-selective antagonists act differentially as inhibitors of both HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-stimulated inflammation. Drugs that block these pathways can have independent inhibitory activities against HIV-1 infection and HIV-induced inflammation.IMPORTANCE Patients who are chronically infected with HIV-1 experience sequelae related to chronic inflammation. The mechanisms of this inflammation have not been elucidated. Here, we describe a class of drugs that target the P2X proinflammatory signaling receptors in a human tonsil explant model. This model highlights differences in HIV-1 stimulation of lymphoid tissue inflammation and peripheral blood. These drugs serve to block both HIV-1 infection and production of IL-10 and IL-1β in lymphoid tissue, suggesting a novel approach to HIV-1 therapeutics in which both HIV-1 replication and inflammatory signaling are simultaneously targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Soare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natasha D Durham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramya Gopal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Tweel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin W Hoffman
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia A Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan O'Brien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin K Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Fali T, Fabre-Mersseman V, Yamamoto T, Bayard C, Papagno L, Fastenackels S, Zoorab R, Koup RA, Boddaert J, Sauce D, Appay V. Elderly human hematopoietic progenitor cells express cellular senescence markers and are more susceptible to pyroptosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95319. [PMID: 29997288 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of effective immunity over time is dependent on the capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to sustain the pool of immunocompetent mature cells. Decline of immune competence with old age may stem from HSC defects, including reduced self-renewal potential and impaired lymphopoiesis, as suggested in murine models. To obtain further insights into aging-related alteration of hematopoiesis, we performed a comprehensive study of blood hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from older humans. In the elderly, HPCs present active oxidative phosphorylation and are pressed to enter cell cycling. However, p53-p21 and p15 cell senescence pathways, associated with telomerase activity deficiency, strong telomere attrition, and oxidative stress, are engaged, thus limiting cell cycling. Moreover, survival of old HPCs is impacted by pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. Lastly, telomerase activity deficiency and telomere length attrition of old HPCs may be passed on to progeny cells such as naive T lymphocytes, further highlighting the poor hematopoietic potential of the elderly. This pre-senescent profile is characteristic of the multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting HPCs in elderly individuals and represents a major obstacle in terms of immune reconstitution and efficacy with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinhinane Fali
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre-Mersseman
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan.,Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Charles Bayard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Laura Papagno
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Solène Fastenackels
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Rima Zoorab
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Gériatrie, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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20
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Adinolfi E, Giuliani AL, De Marchi E, Pegoraro A, Orioli E, Di Virgilio F. The P2X7 receptor: A main player in inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 151:234-244. [PMID: 29288626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules released from infected or injured cells to activate inflammatory and reparatory responses. One of the most ancient and conserved DAMPs is extracellular ATP that exerts its phlogistic activity mainly through activation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). The P2X7R is an ATP gated ion channel, expressed by most immune cells, including the monocyte-derived cell lineages, T and B lymphocytes and their precursors. Here we give an overview of recent and established literature on the role of P2X7R in septic and sterile inflammation. P2X7R ability in restraining intracellular bacteria and parasite infection by modulation of the immune response are described, with particular focus on Mycobacteria and Plasmodium. Emerging literature on the role of P2X7 in viral infections such as HIV-1 is also briefly covered. Finally, we describe the numerous intracellular pathways related to inflammation and activated by the P2X7R, including the NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-kB, NFAT, GSK3β and VEGF, and discuss the involvement of P2X7R in chronic diseases. The possible therapeutic applications of P2X7R antagonists are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Pegoraro
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Orioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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21
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Thiébaut R, Lévy Y. Reply to Bordoni et al. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1684-1685. [PMID: 27664240 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Thiébaut
- INSERM U1219, INRIA Statistics in Systems and Translational Medicine, Bordeaux University
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955, Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine.,Vaccine Research Institute.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Service d'immunologie clinique et maladies infectieuses, Créteil, France
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