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Kottilil S, Mathur P. The influence of inflammation on cardiovascular disease in women. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:979708. [PMID: 36304737 PMCID: PMC9592850 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.979708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of cardiovascular disease in women is almost a decade later than men, partly due to the protective effect of estrogen prior to menopause. Recently, it was noted that while there have been advances in improving the morbidity and mortality from CVD in women older than 55 years, the improvement in younger women has been stagnant. The mechanism behind this lag is unclear. This manuscript reviews the literature available on the sex-specific inflammatory response in the context of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Our review suggests that women have a differential inflammatory response to various disease states that increases their risk for CVD and warrants a distinct prioritization from men when calculating cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Mathur
- Insitute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Correspondence: Poonam Mathur
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2
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Cho JH, Lee DC, Lee HJ. Association of Duration of Smoking Cessation or Cumulative Smoking Amount with Serum hs-CRP Level in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090533. [PMID: 36136498 PMCID: PMC9501822 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between the duration of smoking cessation or cumulative smoking amount with serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. We assessed the decreasing risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer following smoking cessation in Korean adults who were former smokers compared with current smokers. This study used data from the 2016−2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5411 participants were included. The duration of smoking cessation and cumulative smoking amount were classified into cut-offs for 6 and 17 months, and 5 and 20 pack-years, respectively, using tertile values. Elevated serum hs-CRP level was defined as ≥1 mg/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. The odds ratio (OR) for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.73 times lower in the group whose duration of smoking cessation was 17 months or more than that in the group who were current smokers after adjusting for confounding variables (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57−0.92; p < 0.01). The OR for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.71 and 0.67 times lower in the groups whose cumulative smoking amounts were less than 5 and 5−20 pack-years than that in the group who were current smokers (95% CI: 0.50−0.99 and 0.50−0.92, respectively; both p < 0.05). This study reveals that a duration of smoking cessation of more than 17 months and a cumulative smoking amount of less than 20 pack-years were significantly associated with a decreased risk of elevated serum hs-CRP levels in Korean adults who were former smokers. Therefore, quitting smoking early and a low cumulative smoking amount are a potential preventive strategy for CVD and cancer that can be easily accessible using serum hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
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3
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Ahmed AM, Ibrahim AM. Effect of heavy cigarette and water pipe smoking on antioxidants and lipids in Sudanese male smokers: a case-control study. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:125-132. [PMID: 36910389 PMCID: PMC9993274 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking is a source of many toxins such as free radicals, mutagenic substances as well as cause for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis. This study aims to assess the impact of smoking on antioxidants in Sudanese male smokers. Methods Cases were 85 and 48 men who smoke cigarettes (CS) and water pipe (WPS) respectively and they were compared with matching 50 non-smoking controls. Blood samples were collected and following parameters: Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL, HDL, Paraoxinase, and Malondialdehyde were measured. Results There were no significant differences in biochemical parameters between light CS and WPS compared to controls. In heavy smokers of both WPS and CS, the TC, TG, LDL, and MDA were higher than controls (p>0.05), GPx, SOD, HDL, and PON were lower in smokers than controls (p>0.05). In both groups of smokers; HDL, GPx, SOD, and PON were inversely correlated with duration of smoking (p>0.05), also, HDL was positively correlated with SOD and GPx (p>0.05). Moreover, GPx and SOD were correlated with each other in both groups of smokers (p>0.05). Conclusion In Sudanese male smokers' biochemical profile disturbances suggest that heavy smoking was leading to developing CVD, particularly WPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, AL Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
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4
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Romeo B, Lestra V, Martelli C, Benyamina A, Hamdani N. Cannabis Cessation, Inflammatory Markers and Schizophrenia. J Dual Diagn 2022; 18:33-41. [PMID: 34985404 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2013697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective A dysbalance of the immune system in schizophrenia has been largely described but few studies have investigated the impact of cannabis use on inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of cannabis use on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen levels and leucocytic formula in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty-eight acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia were included. Patient hsCRP, fibrinogen levels, leukocytic formula and urinary cannabis were measured at baseline and after four weeks of treatment. Results: After four weeks of cannabis cessation (as confirmed by urinary tests), we found an increase of hsCRP level (p = .016) and lymphocytes (p = .03) in consumers patients whereas no difference was observed in non-consumers patients. As compared to non-consumers patients with schizophrenia, consumers had lower levels of hsCRP (p = .045). Finally, a negative correlation was found between the PANSS score evolution (between baseline and 4 weeks) and baseline hsCRP level. Conclusions: In our study, cannabis cessation raises inflammatory markers though improving clinical symptoms. The investigation and the understanding of interactions between cannabis use and inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia is of importance and could in the future be a new target for treatment of psychiatric symptoms linked to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Romeo
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France.,Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche 4872 PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP - Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Valentine Lestra
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Martelli
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France.,Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche 4872 PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP - Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299, Research unit, NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Paris Sud University- Paris Saclay University, Paris Descartes University, Digiteo Labs, Gif-sur- Yvette, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, APHP, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France.,Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche 4872 PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP - Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nora Hamdani
- Unité Psychiatrie-Comorbidités-Addictions-Unité de Recherche 4872 PSYCOMADD Université Paris Sud - AP-HP - Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Cédiapsy, Paris, France
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5
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Derella CC, Tingen MS, Blanks A, Sojourner SJ, Tucker MA, Thomas J, Harris RA. Smoking cessation reduces systemic inflammation and circulating endothelin-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24122. [PMID: 34916543 PMCID: PMC8677816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking increases systemic inflammation and circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1), both of which contribute to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study sought to test the hypothesis that a 12-week smoking cessation intervention would contribute to a long-term reduction in circulating ET-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). 30 individuals participated in a 12-week evidence-based smoking cessation program at Augusta University. Serum cotinine, plasma inflammatory cytokines, and plasma ET-1 were determined at baseline, immediately after the 12-week cessation program (end of treatment, EOT), and 12-months (12M) following the cessation program. Serum cotinine was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) at EOT and 12M following the smoking cessation program. Compared to BL (7.0 ± 1.6 pg/mL), TNF-α was significantly reduced at EOT (6.3 ± 1.5 pg/mL, p = 0.001) and 12M (5.2 ± 2.7 pg/mL, p < 0.001). ET-1 was significantly lower at EOT (1.9 ± 0.6 pg/mL, p = 0.013) and at 12M (2.0 ± 0.8 pg/mL, p = 0.091) following smoking cessation compared with BL (2.3 ± 0.6 pg/mL). BL concentrations of cotinine were significantly associated with basal ET-1 (r = 0.449, p = 0.013) and the change in cotinine at 12M following smoking cessation was significantly associated with the change in plasma ET-1 at 12M (r = 0.457, p = 0.011). Findings from the present pilot investigation demonstrate that a 12-week smoking cessation program reduces circulating concentrations of ET-1 and TNF-α for at least a year. The reduction in serum cotinine was associated with the decrease in circulating ET-1. The attenuation in ET-1 and inflammation may in part, contribute to the lower risk of CVD that is observed with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C. Derella
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Martha S. Tingen
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., CN-2120, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Anson Blanks
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Samantha J. Sojourner
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., CN-2120, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
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6
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Werneck AO, Peralta M, Tesler R, Marques A. Cross-sectional and prospective associations of lifestyle risk behaviors clustering with elevated depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. Maturitas 2021; 155:8-13. [PMID: 34876251 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations of lifestyle risk behaviors clustering with elevated depressive symptoms and to explore synergic prospective associations of different combinations of lifestyle risk behaviors with subsequent depressive symptoms. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Data on 31,190 middle-aged and older adults from waves 4 (2011) and 6 (2015) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Elevated depressive symptoms were estimated using the EURO-D 12-item scale. Lifestyle risk behaviors composing the cluster included physical inactivity, inadequate consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, binge drinking, and tobacco smoking. Gender, age group, education, place of residence, country, number of chronic diseases and body mass index were considered as confounders. RESULTS With the exception of binge drinking, all lifestyle risk behaviors were associated with higher odds of elevated depressive symptoms in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. The clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors was cross-sectionally associated with elevated depressive symptoms and the clustering of two [odds ratio [OR]: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.28-1.51) and three or four (OR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.38-1.85) were prospectively associated with elevated depressive symptoms. There were no interactions between the pairs of behaviors in the association with later elevated depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the need for interventions integrating multiple health behaviors to prevent elevated depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Riki Tesler
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; ISAMB, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Christensen CH, Chang JT, Rostron BL, Hammad HT, van Bemmel DM, Del Valle-Pinero AY, Wang B, Mishina EV, Faulcon LM, DePina A, Brown-Baker L, Kimmel HL, Lambert E, Blount BC, Vesper HW, Wang L, Goniewicz ML, Hyland A, Travers MJ, Hatsukami DK, Niaura R, Cummings KM, Taylor KA, Edwards KC, Borek N, Ambrose BK, Chang CM. Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress among Adult Former Smoker, Current E-Cigarette Users-Results from Wave 1 PATH Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1947-1955. [PMID: 34289969 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes have lower concentrations of biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure than current smokers. It is unclear whether tobacco toxicant exposure reductions may lead to health risk reductions. METHODS We compared inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and an oxidative stress marker (F2-isoprostane) among 3,712 adult participants in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study by tobacco user groups: dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes; former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes-only; current cigarette-only smokers; former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco; and never tobacco users. We calculated geometric means (GM) and estimated adjusted GM ratios (GMR). RESULTS Dual users experienced greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than current cigarette-only smokers [GMR 1.09 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.03-1.15)]. Biomarkers were similar between former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes and both former smokers who do not use any tobacco and never tobacco users, but among these groups most biomarkers were lower than those of current cigarette-only smokers. The concentration of F2-isoprostane decreased by time since smoking cessation among both exclusive e-cigarette users (P trend = 0.03) and former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco (P trend = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Dual users have greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than smokers. Exclusive e-cigarette users have biomarker concentrations that are similar to those of former smokers who do not currently use tobacco, and lower than those of exclusive cigarette smokers. IMPACT This study contributes to an understanding of the health effects of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Christensen
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland.
| | - Joanne T Chang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Brian L Rostron
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Hoda T Hammad
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Dana M van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Baoguang Wang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Elena V Mishina
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Faulcon
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ana DePina
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Huber W Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mark J Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Raymond Niaura
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - K Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bridget K Ambrose
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Cindy M Chang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
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8
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Yeh HY, Hung SH, Chen SC, Guo FR, Huang HL, Peng JK, Lee CS, Tsai JS. The Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 mRNA in PBMCs Is Upregulated in Smokers and Decreases Upon Smoking Cessation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667460. [PMID: 33995400 PMCID: PMC8115935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown in vitro that cigarette smoke condensate stimulates monocytes to express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and enhances their adhesion to the endothelium. However, the same effects of cigarette smoking have not been explored in vivo. This study is to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on their mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods A group of 97 smokers and 62 nonsmokers were enrolled. The RNA from PBMCs was assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the levels of ICAM-1, TNF-α, and TLR4. The same markers in PBMCs of 87 quitters were examined before and at one week, one month, and two months after smoking cessation. Results Of the 97 smokers, 85 (87.6%) were males, and 30 (48.4%) of the nonsmokers were males (p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) age of the smokers was 43.24 (10.89) years, which was younger than 43.45 (11.41) years of nonsmokers (p < 0.0001). The incidence of cardiovascular diseases was 13.4% in smokers, which was higher than 1.6% in nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Both ICAM-1 and TNF-α mRNA levels in PBMCs were higher among the smokers (p < 0.0001). In addition, TLR4 mRNA levels in PBMCs were statistically elevated in the smokers (p < 0.0001) comparing with those in the nonsmokers. The mRNA levels of TLR4 and TNF-α in PBMCs decreased in those who had quit smoking for 2 months (p < 0.0001). Conclusions ICAM-1, TNF-α, and TLR4 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs increased in smokers and decreased after being on a smoking cessation program for 2 months. This finding suggested that TLR4 expression may mediate the atherogenic inflammatory process induced by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Hung Hung
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chiu Chen
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ran Guo
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Liang Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kuei Peng
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Complementary and Integrated Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Firth J, Solmi M, Wootton RE, Vancampfort D, Schuch FB, Hoare E, Gilbody S, Torous J, Teasdale SB, Jackson SE, Smith L, Eaton M, Jacka FN, Veronese N, Marx W, Ashdown-Franks G, Siskind D, Sarris J, Rosenbaum S, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B. A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:360-380. [PMID: 32931092 PMCID: PMC7491615 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how "lifestyle factors" traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well-being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta-review of the top-tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta-analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta-reviews, and two meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non-pharmacological sleep-focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and -Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erin Hoare
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of -Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Canter, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, -Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Eaton
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia
| | - André F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Young-Wolff KC, Sarovar V, Alexeeff SE, Adams SR, Tucker LY, Conway A, Ansley D, Goler N, Armstrong MA, Weisner C. Trends and correlates of self-reported alcohol and nicotine use among women before and during pregnancy, 2009-2017. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108168. [PMID: 32736316 PMCID: PMC7423641 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends and correlates of frequency of self-reported alcohol and nicotine use among pregnant women. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 363,240 pregnancies from 2009 to 2017 screened for self-reported substance use at their first prenatal visit in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Poisson regression with a log link function was used to estimate the annual prevalences of self-reported daily, weekly, and ≤ monthly alcohol and nicotine use, adjusting for socio-demographics. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of any self-reported prenatal alcohol or nicotine use among those who self-reported use in the year prior to pregnancy, by frequency of pre-pregnancy substance use and socio-demographics. RESULTS The sample was 64 % non-White [mean (SD) age = 30.1 (5.6)]. From 2009-2017, alcohol use before pregnancy increased from 63.4%-65.9% (trend p-value = .008), and prenatal alcohol use decreased from 11.6%-8.8% (trend p-value<.0001). Nicotine use before pregnancy decreased from 12.7 % to 7.7 % (trend p-value<.0001), and prenatal use decreased from 4.3 % to 2.0 % (trend p-value<.0001). Trends by use frequency were similar to overall trends. The odds of continued use of alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy were higher among those who used daily or weekly (versus monthly or less) in the year before pregnancy and varied with socio-demographics. DISCUSSION Prenatal alcohol and nicotine use decreased from 2009 to 2017. More frequent pre-pregnancy use predicted higher odds of prenatal use. Results suggest that interventions and education about the harms of prenatal substance use for frequent users prior to conception may reduce substance use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Young-Wolff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Varada Sarovar
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | - Sara R. Adams
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Lue-Yen Tucker
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Amy Conway
- Early Start Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Deborah Ansley
- Early Start Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | - Nancy Goler
- Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | - Constance Weisner
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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11
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Chiș AF, Cătană A, Sorițău O, Chiș BA, Cutaș A, Pop CM. Interleukin-6 serum level and -597 A/G gene polymorphism in moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220966469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major pathogenic pathway in pulmonary chronic obstructive disease (COPD). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediates the local and systemic immune response. The aim consisted in investigating the relationship between IL-6 serum levels and IL-6 -597A/G gene polymorphism (rs1800797) with COPD. Serum levels of IL-6 were determined using an enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, in 120 participants (60 COPD patients and 60 healthy subjects), from Transylvanian region. The IL-6 -597A/G gene polymorphism was investigated by high molecular weight genomic DNA extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes, and subsequently analyzed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Smoking history, the severity of the disease, expressed by the GOLD stages, and arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) levels were also investigated. COPD patients had significantly elevated blood levels of IL-6 when compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 61.6%, 26.6%, and 11.6% in the COPD cases and 70%, 23.3%, and 6.7% in healthy subjects, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in IL-6 rs1800797 genotypes and allele frequencies between cases and controls ( χ2 = 0.54, OR = 1.29 and χ2 = 0.21, OR = 1.48, respectively). Higher serum levels of IL-6 were found in the GG genotype subgroup in COPD patients. IL 6 levels are higher in COPD patients, where positively correlate with pack-year index, but not with clinical features. Although COPD patients did not have statistically different rs1800797 allele distribution compared to healthy subjects, the GG genotype is associated with higher IL6 serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Florica Chiș
- Department of Pneumology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Leon Daniello” Clinical Hospital of Pneumology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cătană
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Sorițău
- “Ion Chiricuţă” Oncological Institute Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Augustin Chiș
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuța Cutaș
- Department of Medical Informatics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Monica Pop
- Department of Pneumology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Leon Daniello” Clinical Hospital of Pneumology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Systemic Factors Related to Intraocular Levels of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:4831967. [PMID: 31396410 PMCID: PMC6664688 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4831967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is for identifying systemic factors correlating with intraocular levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retinopathy. Forty-two consecutive patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for PDR were included in this cross-sectional study. The aqueous humor was sampled just prior to PPV for assay of IL-6 and VEGF. One day before PPV, patient characteristics were recorded and a number of systemic markers were amassed, including fasting and postprandial glucose, homeostasis model assessment- (HOMA-) IR, HOMA-beta, C-peptide, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein- (Apo-) A, Apo-B, and lipoprotein A (Lp-A). Relationships between systemic determinants and intraocular cytokine levels were analyzed by regression analysis. Mean levels of IL-6 and VEGF were 15.3 pg/mL (range, 2.4–10124.5 pg/mL) and 21.1 pg/mL (range, 3.2–766.1 pg/mL), respectively. After adjustment for age, gender, duration of diabetes, and BMI, multivariate analysis showed significant association of smoking (p=0.002) and HOMA-IR (p=0.003) with intraocular IL-6 levels, while intraocular VEGF and systemic Lp-A levels correlated significantly (p=0.032). Insulin resistance and smoking status impacted intraocular levels of IL-6, while intraocular VEGF levels were influenced by Lp-A. An appreciation for the relationship between systemic factors and intraocular cytokines may help elucidate the complex pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
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13
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Effect of Tobacco Smoking Cessation on C-Reactive Protein Levels in A Cohort of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12908. [PMID: 30150729 PMCID: PMC6110802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Smokers have higher levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) compared to never smokers. The role of smoking cessation on CRP is still under debate. Using data from two screening studies conducted in Italy in 2000–2010 on 3050 heavy smokers (including 777 ex-smokers), we estimated multivariate odds ratios (OR) for high CRP (i.e. ≥2 mg/L) according to smoking status. Moreover, in a longitudinal analysis based on 975 current smokers, with a second measurement of CRP after an average study period of 3.4 years, we estimated the changes in CRP according to smoking cessation. Prevalence of high CRP at baseline was 35.8% among ex-smokers and 41.1% among current smokers (significant OR for ex- vs. current smokers: 0.79). After four years since smoking cessation, CRP levels significantly decreased with increasing years of cessation (significant OR for ex-smokers since more than 8 years: 0.55). In the longitudinal analysis, no significant reduction in CRP was found for time since smoking cessation (ORs: 1.21, 1.04, and 0.91 for ex-smokers since 1 year, 2–3 years, and ≥4 years, respectively). In the largest prospective study available so far, we found that smoking cessation has a favourable effect on CRP, but this benefit is not evident in the short-term.
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14
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Wang M, Liu M, Ni T, Liu Q. miR‑214 mediates vascular inflammation and apoptosis via PTEN expression. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2229-2236. [PMID: 29916551 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR‑214 on inflammation and apoptosis in the vascular system and to examine its potential mechanisms. Anti‑miR‑214 mimics were used to downregulate miR‑214 expression in HUVECs. Cell viability and the apoptosis rate were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and IL‑18 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Following this, caspase‑3/9, Bax, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and phosphorylated‑(p)‑protein kinase B (Akt) protein expression were analyzed using western blotting. The results demonstrated that anti‑miR‑214 mimics inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and inflammatory factors (TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and IL‑18 levels), inhibited cell proliferation, and induced Bax protein expression in TNF‑α‑induced vascular endothelial cells through induction of PTEN and NF‑κB protein expression and inhibition of Akt protein expression. The PTEN inhibitor inhibited the function of anti‑miR‑214 on apoptosis and inflammation in TNF‑α‑induced inflammation vascular endothelial cells through the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that miR‑214 mediates vascular inflammation and apoptosis via PTEN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai 200060, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai 200060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai 200060, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai 200060, P.R. China
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15
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Sobel M, Kikuchi S, Chen L, Tang GL, Wight TN, Kenagy RD. Clinical factors that influence the cellular responses of saphenous veins used for arterial bypass. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:165S-176S.e6. [PMID: 29914830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.03.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When an autogenous vein is harvested and used for arterial bypass, it suffers physical and biologic injuries that may set in motion the cellular processes that lead to wall thickening, fibrosis, stenosis, and ultimately graft failure. Whereas the injurious effects of surgical preparation of the vein conduit have been extensively studied, little is known about the influence of the clinical environment of the donor leg from which the vein is obtained. METHODS We studied the cellular responses of fresh saphenous vein samples obtained before implantation in 46 patients undergoing elective lower extremity bypass surgery. Using an ex vivo model of response to injury, we quantified the outgrowth of cells from explants of the adventitial and medial layers of the vein. We correlated this cellular outgrowth with the clinical characteristics of the patients, including the Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection classification of the donor leg for ischemia, wounds, and infection as well as smoking and diabetes. RESULTS Cellular outgrowth was significantly faster and more robust from the adventitial layer than from the medial layer. The factors of leg ischemia (P < .001), smoking (P = .042), and leg infection (P = .045) were associated with impaired overall outgrowth from the adventitial tissue on multivariable analysis. Only ischemia (P = .046) was associated with impaired outgrowth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the medial tissue. Co-culture of adventitial cells and SMCs propagated from vein explants revealed that adventitial cells significantly inhibited the growth of SMCs, whereas SMCs promoted the growth of adventitial cells. The AA genotype of the -838C>A p27 polymorphism (previously associated with superior graft patency) enhanced these effects, whereas the factor of smoking attenuated adventitial cell inhibition of SMC growth. Comparing gene expression, the cells cultured from the media overexpress Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways associated with inflammation and infection, whereas those from the adventitia overexpress gene families associated with development and stem/progenitor cell maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The adverse clinical environment of the leg may influence the biologic behavior of the cells in the vein wall, especially the adventitial cells. Chronic ischemia was the most significant factor that retards adventitial cell outgrowth. The cells arising from the vein adventitia may be key players in determining a healthy adaptive or a pathologic response to the injuries associated with vein grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sobel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lihua Chen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gale L Tang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Tom N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard D Kenagy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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16
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Suitability of biomarkers of biological effects (BOBEs) for assessing the likelihood of reducing the tobacco related disease risk by new and innovative tobacco products: A literature review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 94:203-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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McHugh RK, Votaw VR, Sugarman DE, Greenfield SF. Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 66:12-23. [PMID: 29174306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gender gap in substance use disorders (SUDs), characterized by greater prevalence in men, is narrowing, highlighting the importance of understanding sex and gender differences in SUD etiology and maintenance. In this critical review, we provide an overview of sex/gender differences in the biology, epidemiology and treatment of SUDs. Biological sex differences are evident across an array of systems, including brain structure and function, endocrine function, and metabolic function. Gender (i.e., environmentally and socioculturally defined roles for men and women) also contributes to the initiation and course of substance use and SUDs. Adverse medical, psychiatric, and functional consequences associated with SUDs are often more severe in women. However, men and women do not substantively differ with respect to SUD treatment outcomes. Although several trends are beginning to emerge in the literature, findings on sex and gender differences in SUDs are complicated by the interacting contributions of biological and environmental factors. Future research is needed to further elucidate sex and gender differences, especially focusing on hormonal factors in SUD course and treatment outcomes; research translating findings between animal and human models; and gender differences in understudied populations, such as those with co-occurring psychiatric disorders and gender-specific populations, such as pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02155, United States.
| | - Victoria R Votaw
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Dawn E Sugarman
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02155, United States
| | - Shelly F Greenfield
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02155, United States
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18
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Kianoush S, Bittencourt MS, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM, Jones SR, DeFilippis AP, Toth PP, Otvos JD, Tibuakuu M, Hall ME, Harada PHN, Blaha MJ. Association Between Smoking and Serum GlycA and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006545. [PMID: 28838917 PMCID: PMC5586473 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation is suggested to be a central feature of atherosclerosis, particularly among smokers. We studied whether inflammatory biomarkers GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein are associated with cigarette smoking. Methods and Results A total of 11 509 participants, 6774 from the MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and 4735 from ELSA‐Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health) were included. We evaluated the cross‐sectional association between multiple measures of smoking behavior and the inflammatory biomarkers, GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, using regression models adjusted for demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics. Participants were 57.7±11.1 years old and 46.4% were men. Never, former, and current smokers comprised 51.7%, 34.0%, and 14.3% of the population, respectively. Multivariable‐adjusted mean absolute difference in GlycA levels (μmol/L) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were higher for former (4.1, 95% CI, 1.7–6.6 μmol/L) and current smokers (19.9, 95% CI, 16.6–23.2 μmol/L), compared with never smokers. Each 5‐unit increase in pack‐years of smoking was associated with higher GlycA levels among former (0.7, 95% CI, 0.3–1.1 μmol/L) and current smokers (1.6, 95% CI, 0.8–2.4 μmol/L). Among former smokers, each 5‐year increase in time since quitting smoking was associated with lower GlycA levels (−1.6, 95% CI, −2.4 to −0.8 μmol/L) and each 10‐unit increase in number of cigarettes/day was associated with higher GlycA among current smokers (2.8, 95% CI, 0.5–5.2 μmol/L). There were similar significant associations between all measures of smoking behavior, and both log‐transformed GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Conclusions Acute and chronic exposure to tobacco smoking is associated with inflammation, as quantified by both GlycA and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. These biomarkers may have utility for the study and regulation of novel and traditional tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kianoush
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil .,School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven R Jones
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD.,School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Peter P Toth
- Sterling Rock Falls Clinic, Ltd., CGH Medical Center, University of Illinois School of Medicine, Sterling, IL
| | | | - Martin Tibuakuu
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael E Hall
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Jackson, MS
| | - Paulo H N Harada
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
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19
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Kianoush S, Yakoob MY, Al-Rifai M, DeFilippis AP, Bittencourt MS, Duncan BB, Bensenor IM, Bhatnagar A, Lotufo PA, Blaha MJ. Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: ELSA-Brasil (The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). J Am Heart Assoc 2017. [PMID: 28647689 PMCID: PMC5669156 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a need to identify sensitive biomarkers of early tobacco‐related cardiovascular disease. We examined the association of smoking status, burden, time since quitting, and intensity, with markers of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods and Results We studied 14 103 participants without clinical cardiovascular disease in ELSA‐Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). We evaluated baseline cross‐sectional associations between smoking parameters and inflammation (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein [hsCRP]) and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima–media thickness, ankle‐brachial index, and coronary artery calcium [CAC]). The cohort included 1844 current smokers, 4121 former smokers, and 8138 never smokers. Mean age was 51.7±8.9 years; 44.8% were male. After multivariable adjustment, compared with never smokers, current smokers had significantly higher levels of hsCRP (β=0.24, 0.19–0.29 mg/L; P<0.001) and carotid intima–media thickness (β=0.03, 0.02–0.04 mm; P<0.001) and odds of ankle‐brachial index ≤1.0 (odds ratio: 2.52; 95% confidence interval, 2.06–3.08; P<0.001) and CAC >0 (odds ratio: 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–2.30; P<0.001). Among former and current smokers, pack‐years of smoking (burden) were significantly associated with hsCRP (P<0.001 and P=0.006, respectively) and CAC (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). Among former smokers, hsCRP and carotid intima–media thickness levels and odds of ankle‐brachial index ≤1.0 and CAC >0 were lower with increasing time since quitting (P<0.01). Among current smokers, number of cigarettes per day (intensity) was positively associated with hsCRP (P<0.001) and CAC >0 (P=0.03) after adjusting for duration of smoking. Conclusions Strong associations were observed between smoking status, burden, and intensity with inflammation (hsCRP) and subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima–media thickness, ankle‐brachial index, CAC). These markers of early cardiovascular disease injury may be used for the further study and regulation of traditional and novel tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kianoush
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Mahmoud Al-Rifai
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD.,School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Bruce B Duncan
- Postgraduate Studies Program and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of São Paulo, Brazil .,School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
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20
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Mandraffino G, Aragona CO, Scuruchi M, Mamone F, D'Ascola A, Alibrandi A, Cinquegrani M, Morace C, Oreto L, Saitta C, Mormina E, Carerj S, Saitta A, Imbalzano E. Biglycan expression, earlier vascular damage and pro-atherogenic profile improvement after smoke cessation in young people. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Factors associated with tobacco use among patients with multiple chronic conditions. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:1004-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Johannsen A, Susin C, Gustafsson A. Smoking and inflammation: evidence for a synergistic role in chronic disease. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:111-26. [PMID: 24320959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the most important preventable risk factor for periodontitis; however, the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for the detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal health remain largely unclear. It is also well established that smoking has a negative impact on several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this paper was to review smoking-related changes in local and systemic host responses with a focus on cellular and molecular effects that could explain a hyperinflammatory response leading to periodontal destruction. Biological mechanisms that may be common to periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases were also explored, together with gene-smoking interactions. An epidemiologic perspective on the burden of smoking on periodontal health and the potential for smoking cessation is also presented. Tobacco smoking seems to induce changes ranging from decreased leukocyte chemotaxis to decreased production of immunoglobulins. Smoking also seems to cause a stronger inflammatory reaction with an increased release of potentially tissue-destructive substances (e.g. reactive oxygen species, collagenase, serine proteases and proinflammatory cytokines). These findings support a hypothesis that periodontitis is a hyperinflammatory condition rather than a hypo-inflammatory condition.
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Steele L, Lloyd A, Fotheringham J, Sultan A, Iqbal J, Grech ED. A retrospective cross-sectional study on the association between tobacco smoking and incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and cardiovascular risk factors. Postgrad Med J 2015; 91:492-6. [PMID: 26265789 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. However, the relationship between smoking and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is less well described. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative risk of acute STEMI in smokers and ex-smokers, compared with individuals who had never smoked. METHODS This observational study studied all patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in South Yorkshire, UK from 1 January 2009 to 6 April 2012. Additional contemporary demographical data for the South Yorkshire population, supplied by the Office for National Statistics, allowed derivation of the incidence rate of STEMI in South Yorkshire-both overall and stratified by smoking status. Incidence rate ratios and population attributable risk (PAR) were calculated to quantify STEMI risk. RESULTS There were 1715 STEMIs in 1680 patients during the study period. Smoking status was obtained in 96.2% patients. The prevalence of smoking was 47.3% in patients with STEMI and 22.0% in the general population. In patients with STEMI, smokers were ∼10 years younger, mean (SD) 57.2 (11.1) years, than never-smokers, 66.4 (12.1) years, and ex-smokers, 67.9 (11.9) years. The age-standardised incident rate ratio of STEMI was 5.2 (4.5-6.1) for current smokers and 1.1 (1.0-1.3) for ex-smokers, with the reference group being never-smokers for both. Almost 50% of STEMIs were attributable to smoking (PAR=48.3%). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking is associated with a fivefold increased risk of STEMI. Smoking cessation reduced this risk to a level similar to never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Fotheringham
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ayyaz Sultan
- South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield UK
| | | | - Ever D Grech
- South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield UK
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McEvoy JW, Nasir K, DeFilippis AP, Lima JAC, Bluemke DA, Hundley WG, Barr RG, Budoff MJ, Szklo M, Navas-Acien A, Polak JF, Blumenthal RS, Post WS, Blaha MJ. Relationship of cigarette smoking with inflammation and subclinical vascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1002-10. [PMID: 25745060 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the impact of smoking status, cumulative pack-years, and time since cessation (the latter in former smokers only) on 3 important domains of cardiovascular disease: inflammation, vascular dynamics and function, and subclinical atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort enrolled 6814 adults without prior cardiovascular disease. Smoking variables were determined by self-report and confirmed with urinary cotinine. We examined cross-sectional associations between smoking parameters and (1) inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin-6, and fibrinogen); (2) vascular dynamics and function (brachial flow-mediated dilation and carotid distensibility by ultrasound, as well as aortic distensibility by MRI); and (3) subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification, carotid intima-media thickness, and ankle-brachial index). We identified 3218 never smokers, 2607 former smokers, and 971 current smokers. Mean age was 62 years and 47% were male. There was no consistent association between smoking and vascular distensibility or flow-mediated dilation outcomes. However, compared with never smokers, the adjusted association between current smoking and measures of either inflammation or subclinical atherosclerosis was consistently stronger than for former smoking (eg, odds ratio for hsCRP>2 mg/L of 1.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.1] versus 1.2 [1.1-1.4], odds ratio for coronary artery calcification>0 of 1.8 [1.5-2.1] versus 1.4 [1.2-1.6], respectively). Similar associations were seen for interleukin-6, fibrinogen, carotid intima-media thickness, and ankle-brachial index. A monotonic association was also found between higher pack-year quartiles and increasing inflammatory markers. Furthermore, current smokers with hsCRP>2 mg/L were more likely to have increased carotid intima-media thickness, abnormal ankle-brachial index, and coronary artery calcification>75th percentile for age, sex, and race (relative to smokers with hsCRP<2 mg/L, interaction P<0.05 for all 3 outcomes). In contrast, time since quitting in former smokers was independently associated with lower inflammation and atherosclerosis (eg, odds ratio for hsCRP>2 mg/L of 0.91 [0.88-0.95] and odds ratio for coronary artery calcification>0 of 0.94 [0.90-0.97] for every 5-year cessation interval). CONCLUSIONS These findings expand our understanding of the harmful effects of smoking and help explain the cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W McEvoy
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Khurram Nasir
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Joao A C Lima
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - David A Bluemke
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - R Graham Barr
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Moyses Szklo
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Joseph F Polak
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Wendy S Post
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.)
| | - Michael J Blaha
- From the Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease (J.W.M., K.N., A.P.D., R.S.B., M.J. Blaha) and Division of Cardiology (J.A.C.L., W.S.P.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Center for Wellness and Prevention, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami Beach (K.N.); Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, Rudd Heart and Lung Center, KY (A.P.D.); Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.A.B.); Division of Cardiology, Wake Forest University Health Center, Winston-Salem, NC (W.G.H.); Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (R.G.B.); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.J. Budoff); Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.S., A.N.-A., W.S.P., M.J.B.); and Department of Radiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (J.F.P.).
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McHugh RK, Wigderson S, Greenfield SF. Epidemiology of substance use in reproductive-age women. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2015; 41:177-89. [PMID: 24845483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of women of reproductive age in the United States use addictive substances. In 2012 more than 50% reported current use of alcohol, 20% used tobacco products, and approximately 13% used other drugs. Among women, use of these substances is associated with several significant medical, psychiatric, and social consequences, and the course of illness may progress more rapidly in women than in men. The prevalence of substance use and evidence of accelerated illness progression in women highlight the importance of universal substance use screening in women in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara Wigderson
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Shelly F Greenfield
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Poussin C, Gallitz I, Schlage WK, Steffen Y, Stolle K, Lebrun S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Lietz M. Mechanism of an indirect effect of aqueous cigarette smoke extract on the adhesion of monocytic cells to endothelial cells in an in vitro assay revealed by transcriptomics analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:896-908. [PMID: 24747719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of monocytic cells to the "dysfunctional" endothelium constitutes a critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Cigarette smoke (CS) has been shown to contribute to this process, the complex mechanism of which still needs to be unraveled. We developed an in vitro adhesion assay to investigate the CS-induced adhesion of monocytic MM6 cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following exposure to an aqueous CS extract (smoke-bubbled phosphate buffered saline: sbPBS), reasoning that in vivo monocytes and endothelial cells are exposed primarily to soluble constituents from inhaled CS absorbed through the lung alveolar wall. MM6 cell adhesion was increased exclusively by the conditioned medium from sbPBS-exposed MM6 cells, not by direct sbPBS exposure of the HUVECs within a range of sbPBS doses. Using a transcriptomics approach followed by confirmation experiments, we identified different exposure effects on both cell types and a key mechanism by which sbPBS promoted the adhesion of MM6 cells to HUVECs. While sbPBS provoked a strong oxidative stress response in both cell types, the expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, responsible for the adhesion of MM6 cells to HUVECs, was induced in the latter through a proinflammatory paracrine effect. We confirmed that this effect was driven mainly by TNFα produced by MM6 cells exposed to sbPBS. In conclusion, we have elucidated an indirect mechanism by which sbPBS increases the adhesion of monocytic cells to endothelial cells in this in vitro assay that was designed for tobacco product risk assessment while mimicking the in vivo exposure conditions as closely as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Poussin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Inka Gallitz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, 51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, 51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Steffen
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Stolle
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, 51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manual C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lietz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 3, 51149 Cologne, Germany
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Durazzo TC, Mattsson N, Weiner MW. Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:S122-45. [PMID: 24924665 PMCID: PMC4098701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has been linked with both increased and decreased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is relevant for the US military because the prevalence of smoking in the military is approximately 11% higher than in civilians. METHODS A systematic review of published studies on the association between smoking and increased risk for AD and preclinical and human literature on the relationships between smoking, nicotine exposure, and AD-related neuropathology was conducted. Original data from comparisons of smoking and never-smoking cognitively normal elders on in vivo amyloid imaging are also presented. RESULTS Overall, literature indicates that former/active smoking is related to a significantly increased risk for AD. Cigarette smoke/smoking is associated with AD neuropathology in preclinical models and humans. Smoking-related cerebral oxidative stress is a potential mechanism promoting AD pathology and increased risk for AD. CONCLUSIONS A reduction in the incidence of smoking will likely reduce the future prevalence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Durazzo
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Castro EAD, Lima LM, Cerqueira MS, Gobbi S, Doimo LA. Sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk in physically active adult and elderly women. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742014000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in non-sedentary women. Study participants were 124 women (control group (CG) n = 33; 24.5 ± 2.9 years and study group (SG) n = 91; 61.9 ± 8.7 years). Anthropometric measurements, blood parameters, body composition (DXA), anthropometric indices and questionnaire answers were analyzed. Sarcopenia was considered as a standard deviation below mean values for young people, corresponding to 7.3 kg/m2 and classifying 34.1% of SG as sarcopenic. Prevalence of risk for CVD considered low, moderate and high was 21%, 60% and 19%, respectively. Logistic regression showed no relationship between sarcopenia and risk factors for CVD, except for body mass index as a protection factor. There was a tendency for sarcopenia to assume associations as risk factor for variables smoking, triglycerides, obesity, abdominal fat, and Framingham Risk Score and as a protection factor for variable physical activity level.
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Duivis HE, Vogelzangs N, Kupper N, de Jonge P, Penninx BWJH. Differential association of somatic and cognitive symptoms of depression and anxiety with inflammation: findings from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:1573-85. [PMID: 23399050 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and anxiety have been suggested to be associated with systemic inflammation upregulation. However, results are not always consistent, which may be due to symptom heterogeneity of depression and anxiety. There are some indications that associations with inflammation are mainly driven by somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety. We therefore set out to evaluate the differential association of somatic and cognitive symptoms of depression and anxiety with inflammation, while adjusting for demographic, health related, and lifestyle related variables. METHODS We evaluated baseline data from 2861 participants from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to assess depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. For both scales somatic and cognitive symptoms scales were calculated. Baseline blood samples were collected to determine high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α. We used linear regression to analyze the associations adjusting for demographics and health indicators and markers for an unhealthy lifestyle. RESULTS After adjustment for sociodemographic and health indicators, depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α. This association was mainly driven by somatic symptoms. For anxiety, somatic symptoms were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas cognitive anxiety symptoms were associated with CRP (men only). Markers of an unhealthy lifestyle explained the significant associations. CONCLUSIONS Especially somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated with inflammation. However, this association was mostly mediated through unhealthy lifestyles among depressed and anxious individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester E Duivis
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Fearon IM, Gaça MD, Nordskog BK. In vitro models for assessing the potential cardiovascular disease risk associated with cigarette smoking. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:513-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Preoperative C-Reactive Protein Level Adjusted for Comorbidities and Lifestyle Factors Predicts Overall Mortality in Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 15:229-34. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Serapinas D, Narbekovas A, Juskevicius J, Sakalauskas R. Systemic inflammation in COPD in relation to smoking status. Multidiscip Respir Med 2011; 6:214-9. [PMID: 22958407 PMCID: PMC3463080 DOI: 10.1186/2049-6958-6-4-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smoking is the main risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that has been recently defined as a systemic pulmonary inflammatory disease. However, the impact of smoking itself on systemic inflammation in COPD patients has not yet been well established. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between inflammatory markers and smoking status. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared 202 current smokers, 61 ex-smokers and 57 never-smokers, all COPD patients. Assessments included medical history, spirometry, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) genotyping, serum AAT, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR)-1 and sTNFR-2 concentrations. RESULTS AAT and CRP concentrations in smokers (1.75 ± 0.51 g/L and 14.4 [9.5-20.5] mg/L) and ex-smokers (1.69 ± 0.43 g/L and 12.3 [8.7-16.3] mg/L) were higher than in never-smokers (1.49 ± 0.38 g/L and 5.1 [2.5-8.7] mg/L; p < 0.05). sTNFR-1 level was higher in smokers than ex-smokers or never-smokers (241.2 pg/mL [145.3-349.4] vs. 213.7 pg/mL [147.1-280.3] and 205.2 pg/mL [125-275]; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that smoking is associated with increased levels of AAT, CRP, and sTNFR-1 in COPD patients, an array of systemic inflammation markers that continue to be active even after smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielius Serapinas
- Department of Pulmonology and Immunology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Korhonen T, Goodwin A, Miesmaa P, Dupuis EA, Kinnunen T. Smoking cessation program with exercise improves cardiovascular disease biomarkers in sedentary women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20:1051-64. [PMID: 21675876 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers sensitive to tobacco exposure have been identified, but how tobacco use cessation impacts them is less clear. We sought to investigate the effects of a smoking cessation program with an exercise intervention on CVD biomarkers in sedentary women. METHODS This is a cohort study on a subsample of a 2×2 factorial randomized controlled trial (RCT) (exercise setting: home vs. facility; level of exercise counseling: prescription only vs. prescription and adherence counseling) conducted January 2004 through December 2007. The analyses were completed in October 2010. In the greater Boston area, 130 sedentary female smokers aged 19-55 completed a 15-week program. All participants received nicotine replacement therapy (transdermal patch) and brief behavioral counseling for 12 weeks. They all received an exercise prescription on a moderate intensity level. All exercise interventions lasted for 15 weeks, from 3 weeks precessation until 12 weeks postcessation. Main outcome measures were selected CVD biomarkers hypothesized to be affected by smoking cessation or exercise measured at baseline and 12 weeks postcessation. RESULTS Independent of tobacco abstinence, improvement was seen in inflammation (white blood cells [WBC]), prothrombotic factor (red blood cells [RBC]), and cardiovascular fitness level (maximum oxygen consumption [Vo(2)max]). This suggests that even if complete abstinence is not achieved, reduction in tobacco exposure and increase in exercise can improve the cardiovascular risk profile. A significant decrease was seen for total cholesterol and the total cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): ratio only among the abstainers. The heart rate was reduced among all participants, but this decrease was more profound among abstainers. A significant weight gain and body mass index (BMI) increase were observed among abstainers and those who relapsed. We also found an increase in hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c), although significant only when the groups were combined. CONCLUSIONS A smoking cessation intervention including exercise reduced tobacco-induced cardiovascular damage selectively within 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tellervo Korhonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland.
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BPCO e cardiopatia ischemica. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.itjm.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Pipe AL, Papadakis S, Reid RD. The role of smoking cessation in the prevention of coronary artery disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12:145-50. [PMID: 20425251 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-010-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Smoking (tobacco addiction) is the most significant of the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Mistakenly described as a "habit" or "behavioral choice," the onset of tobacco addiction quickly follows the acquisition of an ability to inhale cigarette smoke and is reflected in a transformation of neurophysiologic function and nicotine-receptor density. Thereafter, comfort and a degree of neurophysiologic "equanimity" require the regular administration of nicotine. Smokers inhale thousands of other chemicals, many of which play critical roles in the initiation and accentuation of atherosclerosis by influencing vasomotor activity, vascular dysfunction, oxidation of lipids, atheroma development, and thrombosis. Smoking cessation is a priority in the management of any patient with cardiovascular disease. The benefits of cessation accrue rapidly in such patients and have a pronounced effect on the likelihood of disease progression, hospital readmission, and mortality. All physicians must be familiar with the principles of cessation practice and be able to initiate smoking cessation attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Pipe
- Minto Prevention & Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada.
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Passoja A, Puijola I, Knuuttila M, Niemelä O, Karttunen R, Raunio T, Tervonen T. Serum levels of interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:881-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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