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Inoue R, Yasuma T, Fridman D’Alessandro V, Toda M, Ito T, Tomaru A, D’Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Tsuruga T, Okano T, Takeshita A, Nishihama K, Fujimoto H, Kobayashi T, Gabazza EC. Amelioration of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076695. [PMID: 37047672 PMCID: PMC10095307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal disease with a poor prognosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is involved in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in lung fibrosis is unclear. This study evaluated whether overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 affects the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was induced by bleomycin in wild-type mice and transgenic mice overexpressing human matrix metalloproteinase-2. Mice expressing human matrix metalloproteinase-2 showed significantly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines in the lungs compared to wild-type mice after induction of lung injury and fibrosis with bleomycin. The computed tomography score, Ashcroft score of fibrosis, and lung collagen deposition were significantly reduced in human matrix metalloproteinase transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice. The expression of anti-apoptotic genes was significantly increased, while caspase-3 activity was significantly reduced in the lungs of matrix metalloproteinase-2 transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice. Active matrix metalloproteinase-2 significantly decreased bleomycin-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 appears to protect against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting apoptosis of lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ito
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomaru
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuki Tsuruga
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohito Okano
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takeshita
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kota Nishihama
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Esteban C. Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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Kamal Z, Ebnalwaled AA, Al-Amgad Z, Saied AA, Metwally AA, Said AH. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effect of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles on pregnant female albino rats and their fetuses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55455-55470. [PMID: 36892697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the various nanoparticles that have been increasingly commonly used in vital sectors. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of prenatal exposure to the chemical TiO2 NPs (CHTiO2 NPs) and green-synthesized TiO2 NPs (GTiO2 NPs) on immunological and oxidative status as well as lungs and spleen. Fifty pregnant female albino rats were divided into five groups of ten rats each: control, CHTiO2 NPs-treated groups orally received 100 and 300 mg/kg CHTiO2 NPs, and GTiO2 NPs-treated groups received 100 and 300 mg/kg GTiO2 NPs, respectively, daily for 14 days. The serum level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO), and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD and GSH-PX) were assayed. Spleen and lungs were collected from pregnant rats and fetuses for histopathological examinations. The results showed a significant increase in IL-6 levels in treated groups. In the CHTiO2 NPs-treated groups, there was a significant increase in MDA activity and a significant decrease in GSH-Px and SOD activities, revealing its oxidative effect, while GSH-Px and SOD activities significantly increased in the 300 GTiO2 NPs-treated group, confirming the antioxidant effect of green-synthesized TiO2 NPs. Histopathological findings of the spleen and lungs of the CHTiO2 NPs-treated group revealed severe congestion and thickening of the blood vessels, while those of the GTiO2 NPs-treated group revealed mild tissue alterations. It could be deduced that green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles have immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects on pregnant female albino rats and their fetuses, with an ameliorated impact on the spleen and lung compared to chemical titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kamal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - A A Ebnalwaled
- Electronic and Nano Devises Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Al-Amgad
- General Authority for Veterinary Services, Qena Veterinary Directorate, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - AbdulRahman A Saied
- National Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Aswan Branch, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
- Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Aswan Office, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Metwally
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
| | - Alaa H Said
- Electronic and Nano Devises Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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3
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Abstract
This review discusses diagnostic pathology in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). Accurate understanding of basic structure of lung lobules is critical because the location of abnormalities inside the lobule is an important effector of pathology diagnosis. Depending on the method of obtaining tissue, recognition of the location may be difficult or impossible. Cryobiopsy is a new technology and its coverage of lung lobules is limited. This article discusses fundamental anatomy and approach to interstitial pneumonia. In addition, most histologic types of IIPs are covered, but the focus is on diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia because of its clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Zaizen
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-machi, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-8602, Japan.
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4
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Takahashi M, Kunugi S, Terasaki Y, Terasaki M, Urushiyama H, Kuwahara N, Wakamatsu K, Nakayama T, Fukuda Y. The difference of neovascularization in early intra-alveolar fibrosis between nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. Pathol Int 2013; 63:237-44. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Takahashi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Shinobu Kunugi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Mika Terasaki
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
| | | | - Naomi Kuwahara
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kyoko Wakamatsu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakayama
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yuh Fukuda
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo; Japan
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Vogel P, Read RW, Rehg JE, Hansen GM. Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia in Tomm5–/– Mice. Vet Pathol 2012; 50:65-75. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985812450723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Almost all mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear DNA and synthesized in the cytosol as pre-proteins. There is a protein translocase located in the mitochondrial outer membrane that transports mitochondrial pre-proteins into mitochondria. The central component of this translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOMM) complex is TOMM40, and TOMM5 is one of three small subunits associated with TOMM40. Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 5 homolog ( Tomm5–/–) knockout mice demonstrated an unexpected lung-specific phenotype characterized by widespread intra-alveolar fibrosis. Although TOMM5-deficient mice tested normal in a very broad range of phenotyping assays, they displayed histopathological lesions in the lung that were consistent with those reported in humans with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), which is also known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). The lesions had a patchy distribution in the lung and were characterized by the presence of intraluminal fibrogenic buds consisting of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts embedded in a loose connective tissue matrix that occupied the lumina of alveoli and alveolar ducts, with preservation of underlying alveolar architecture. In addition to macrophages, which were numerous in affected and surrounding alveoli, eosinophils comprised the most common and widespread inflammatory cell. Taken together, the findings in Tomm5–/– mice provide yet another example of the value of histopathology as a baseline assay in high-throughput phenotyping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - R. W. Read
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
| | - J. E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - G. M. Hansen
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
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6
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Silva PHRQD, Parra ER, Zocolaro WS, Narde I, Rodrigues F, Kairalla RA, Carvalho CRRD, Capelozzi VL. Imunofenotipagem e remodelamento da matriz extracelular na sarcoidose pulmonar e extrapulmonar. J Bras Pneumol 2012; 38:321-30. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132012000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Investigar o significado de marcadores de imunidade celular e de componentes elásticos/colágeno da matriz extracelular em estruturas granulomatosas em biópsias de pacientes com sarcoidose pulmonar ou extrapulmonar. MÉTODOS: Determinações qualitativas e quantitativas de células inflamatórias, de fibras de colágeno e de fibras elásticas em estruturas granulomatosas em biópsias cirúrgicas de 40 pacientes com sarcoidose pulmonar e extrapulmonar foram realizadas por histomorfometria, imuno-histoquímica, e técnicas de coloração com picrosirius e resorcina-fucsina de Weigert. RESULTADOS: A densidade de linfócitos, macrófagos e neutrófilos nas biópsias extrapulmonares foi significativamente maior do que nas biópsias pulmonares. Os granulomas pulmonares apresentaram uma quantidade significativamente maior de fibras de colágeno e menor densidade de fibras elásticas que os granulomas extrapulmonares. A quantidade de macrófagos nos granulomas pulmonares correlacionou-se com CVF (p < 0,05), ao passo que as quantidades de linfócitos CD3+, CD4+ e CD8+ correlacionaram-se com a relação VEF1/CVF e com CV. Houve correlações negativas entre CPT e contagem de células CD1a+ (p < 0,05) e entre DLCO e densidade de fibras colágenas/elásticas (r = -0,90; p = 0,04). CONCLUSÕES: A imunofenotipagem e o remodelamento apresentaram características diferentes nas biópsias dos pacientes com sarcoidose pulmonar e extrapulmonar. Essas diferenças correlacionaram-se com os dados clínicos e espirométricos dos pacientes, sugerindo que há duas vias envolvidas no mecanismo de depuração de antígenos, que foi mais eficaz nos pulmões e linfonodos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ivy Narde
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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7
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Mochimaru H, Kawamoto M, Enomoto T, Saitoh Y, Abe S, Nei T, Fukuda Y, Kudoh S. Transbronchial biopsy is clinically useful in classifying patients with interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Respirology 2009; 13:863-70. [PMID: 18811885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2008.01363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The histological type of intraluminal fibrosis is an important prognostic factor for interstitial pneumonia. We therefore examined whether transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens are useful for predicting the clinical course and prognosis of patients with interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM), with particular attention to the different types of intraluminal fibrosis. METHODS Twenty-five cases of interstitial pneumonia associated with PM/DM were classified according to the pattern of intraluminal fibrosis as assessed by TBLB, and the clinical course and response to treatment were compared. Interstitial fibrosis was evaluated by sequential thin-section CT scans. RESULTS In 19 of 25 (76%) cases, there was sufficient intraluminal fibrosis to perform an evaluation. Intraluminal fibrosis was classified as bud (polyp) type or mural incorporation type (either alone or mixed with bud type). The bud type was seen in five cases and these improved following treatment with corticosteroids only. The mural incorporation type was seen in 14 cases. In 11 of these 14 cases, progressive long-term fibrosis developed and four cases were fatal, in spite of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. The response to drugs (P < 0.01) and survival (P < 0.05) were significantly greater in patients with bud-type than mural incorporation-type intraluminal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Classification of the pattern of intraluminal fibrosis as assessed by TBLB is useful for predicting the response to treatment, clinical course and prognosis of interstitial pneumonia associated with PM/DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mochimaru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Disease, and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Parra ER, Noleto GS, Tinoco LJM, Capelozzi VL. Immunophenotyping and remodeling process in small airways of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: functional and prognostic significance. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2008; 2:227-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2008.00077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Ranzani OT, Parra ER, de Morais Fernezlian S, Capelozzi VL. Intraluminal plugs in idiopathic and secondary organizing pneumonia: repair or remodelling? Histopathology 2007; 51:622-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Togashi M, Tamura K, Nitta T, Ishizaki M, Sugisaki Y, Fukuda Y. Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in myxomatous change of cardiac floppy valves. Pathol Int 2007; 57:251-9. [PMID: 17493172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the underlying cause of myxomatous changes in cardiac floppy valves, the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) was investigated in cardiac valves. Valves were obtained from nine patients with floppy valves, from 13 patients with other valvular disease types, and from four patients with normal valves. Immunohistochemical analyses for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, and gelatin zymography for MMP-2 and MMP-9 were performed. Compared with the spongiosa of normal valves, the myxomatous area of floppy valves had stronger immunohistochemical reaction to MMP-2 and MMP-9, and weaker reaction to TIMP-2. Activated MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected in eight out of nine cases of floppy valves. Activated MMP-2 was detected at low levels in two cases of normal valves showing mild expansion of the spongiosa without macroscopic floppiness. The ratio of active/total MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased in floppy valves compared with normal valves. These results suggest that the imbalance between MMP and TIMP and the increased activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 may correlate with myxomatous changes observed in floppy valves. Valves with a slight myxomatous change and activated MMP-2 may develop into floppy valves with increases in the activity of MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Togashi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, and Division of Surgical Pathology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Rufino R, Rizzo L, da Costa CH, de Lima RJ, Madi K. Analysis of 39 cases of idiopathic chronic interstitial pneumonia. J Bras Pneumol 2007; 32:505-9. [PMID: 17435900 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132006000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To make a retrospective analysis of lung biopsy samples obtained from patients diagnosed with chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, as defined in the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification system made public in 2000. METHODS Samples from 252 open-lung biopsies of patients with interstitial lung disease, all performed between 1977 and 1999, were reviewed, and 39 cases of idiopathic interstitial lung disease were selected and re-evaluated by two pathologists in accordance with the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification system. RESULTS Among those 39 cases, the diagnoses were maintained in 28 (71.8%). A new pathologic entity, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, was included in the reclassification, and overlapping patterns were observed in 6 cases. Of the 28 cases in which the diagnosis of chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia remained unchanged, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was accompanied by cryptogenic organizing pneumonia in 4, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia was accompanied by nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 1, and desquamative interstitial pneumonia was accompanied by nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 1. All cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were confirmed, although 3 of those were found to be accompanied by cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Virtually all prior diagnoses were maintained in the review of the biopsy samples (p > 0,05). CONCLUSION The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society system of classifying interstitial lung disease is a useful tool for pathologists who deal with lung biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Rufino
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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12
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Ishida T, Tsukada H, Hasegawa T, Yoshizawa H, Gejyo F. Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Activation via Plasmin Generated on Alveolar Epithelial Cell Surfaces. Lung 2006; 184:15-9. [PMID: 16598647 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-005-2557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasmin is a potent protease related to tissue repair/remodeling not by fibrinolysis alone but also by activation of cytokines such as transforming growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor and by activation of matrix metalloproteases. We examined whether matrix matalloproteinase-1 was activated via plasminogen activation on surfaces of cultured alveolar epithelial cells (A-549). Cells were cultured overnight with plasminogen, pro-matrix metalloproteinase-1, and type I collagen as a substrate. Sodium dodecil sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect type I collagen degradation in culture supernatant. Collagen degradation corresponded to cell surface plasmin generation. No such finding was seen in the absence of cells or plasminogen. Alveolar epithelial plasminogen activation is important in matrix metalloproteinase-1 activation and thus presumably in tissue remodeling in pulmonary fibrosing pulmonary diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishida
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, 951-8510, Niigata, Japan
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13
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Costa CLB, Spilborghs GMGT, Martins MA, Saldiva PHN, Mauad T. Nitric Acid-Induced Bronchiolitis in Rats Mimics Childhood Bronchiolitis obliterans. Respiration 2005; 72:642-9. [PMID: 16106109 DOI: 10.1159/000087363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood bronchiolitis obliterans (CBO) is an infrequent but severe disease, characterized by persistent obstructive respiratory symptoms after an acute episode of bronchiolitis. Its etiology is mostly postviral, especially in developing countries. Pathologically, CBO is characterized as constrictive-type BO. The pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood and there is no specific treatment. Animal models could help to better understand the sequence of events culminating in bronchiolar obliteration and serve as basis for experimental therapeutic research. OBJECTIVES In this study, we adapted the nitric acid (NA) technique to develop a suitable model to study CBO in rats. METHODS We have intratracheally instilled 0.5% NA or saline and studied the histological lesions on days 2, 7, 14 and 30. NA-instilled animals developed a sequence of bronchiolar lesions that included necrotizing bronchiolitis, proliferative (PROL) bronchiolar lesions and constrictive (CONS) bronchiolar lesions with bronchiectasis, mucostasis and macrophagic accumulation. RESULTS The frequency of PROL lesions decreased and that of the CONS lesions increased, with a statistically significant difference at the sacrifice days, except for day 7 (PROL vs. CONS lesions day 2: p = 0.001; PROL vs. CONS lesions day 7: p = 0.38; PROL vs. CONS lesions day 14: p < 0.001; PROL vs. CONS lesions day 30: p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that this model presents histological similarities with the histological picture of CBO, being suitable for further developmental and therapeutic experimental research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L B Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1st floor, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
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14
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Rozin GF, Gomes MM, Parra ER, Kairalla RA, de Carvalho CRR, Capelozzi VL. Collagen and elastic system in the remodelling process of major types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP). Histopathology 2005; 46:413-21. [PMID: 15810953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Structural remodelling in acute and chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) has been extensively investigated, but little attention has been directed to the elastic tissue in these situations. The aim of this study was to determine whether elastic deposition accompanies collagen deposition in the four major histological patterns of IIP: diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), organizing pneumonia (OP), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). METHODS AND RESULTS We measured, by image analysis, the content of fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems of the alveolar septum in histological slides of open lung biopsies, using the picrosirius-polarization method and Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin stain, respectively. Five groups were studied: 10 cases of DAD; nine cases of OP; nine cases of NSIP; and 10 cases of UIP. Four normal lungs were used for comparison. The content of collagen fibres was significantly higher in UIP when compared to DAD, NSIP, OP and normal lung. The content of elastic fibres was increased in comparison with normal lungs but this was not significantly different among the histological patterns. CONCLUSION Acute and chronic IIP cause a similar increase in the collagen and elastic contents of the lungs, representing a process of 'fibroelastosis' rather than an exclusive process of fibrosis. A profibrogenic mechanism is responsible for the unparallelled collagen augmentation observed in UIP subjects, the nature of which is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Rozin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Heart Institute (InCor), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
Tissue injury evokes highly conserved, tightly regulated inflammatory responses and less well-understood host repair responses. Both inflammation and repair involve the recruitment, activation, apoptosis, and eventual clearance of key effector cells. In this review, we propose the concept of pulmonary fibrosis as a dysregulated repair process that is perpetually "turned on" even though classical inflammatory pathways may be dampened or "switched off." Significant regional heterogeneity, with varied histopathological patterns of inflammation and fibrosis, has been observed in individual patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We discuss environmental factors and host response factors, such as genetic susceptibility and age, that may influence these varied manifestations. Better understanding of the mechanisms of lung repair, which include alveolar reepithelialization, myofibroblast differentiation/activation, and apoptosis, should offer more effective therapeutic options for progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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16
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White ES, Lazar MH, Thannickal VJ. Pathogenetic mechanisms in usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Pathol 2004; 201:343-54. [PMID: 14595745 PMCID: PMC2810622 DOI: 10.1002/path.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, usually fatal, form of interstitial lung disease characterized by failure of alveolar re-epithelialization, persistence of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and distortion of lung architecture which ultimately results in respiratory failure. Clinical IPF is associated with a histopathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on surgical lung biopsy. Therapy for this disease with glucocorticoids and other immunomodulatory agents is largely ineffective and recent trials of newer anti-fibrotic agents have been disappointing. While the inciting event(s) leading to the initiation of scar formation in UIP remain unknown, recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both normal and aberrant wound healing have shed some light on pathogenetic mechanisms that may play significant roles in this disease. Unlike other fibrotic diseases of the lung, such as those associated with collagen vascular disease, occupational exposure, or chemotherapeutic agents, UIP is not associated with a significant inflammatory response; rather, dysregulated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions predominate. Identification of pathways crucial to fibrogenesis might offer potentially novel therapeutic targets to slow or halt the progression of IPF. This review focuses on evolving concepts of cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of UIP/IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA.
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