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Brzezińska B, Skoczyńska M, Gruszecka K, Wyderka R, Jaroch J. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a rare case of a critical lesion encompassing the conduction system and the heart valve. Pol Arch Intern Med 2023; 133:16439. [PMID: 36800803 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Skoczyńska
- Department of Rheumatology, T. Marciniak Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Wyderka
- Department of Cardiology, T. Marciniak Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaroch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Zhong Y, Qin X, Wang Y, Qu K, Luo L, Zhang K, Liu B, Obaid EAMS, Wu W, Wang G. "Plug and Play" Functionalized Erythrocyte Nanoplatform for Target Atherosclerosis Management. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:33862-33873. [PMID: 34256560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For atherosclerosis (AS) management, a therapeutic drug intervention is the most widely used strategy. However, there are some problems such as low location specificity, high intake, and side effects. Nanomedicine can prolong the half-life of drug solubilization, reduce toxic and side effects, and improve the distribution of drug objects. Herein, to overcome the challenges, an erythrocyte-based "plug and play" nanoplatform was developed by incorporating the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) targeting and the acid stimulus responsibility. After the function moieties conjugated with DSPE-PEG, the targeting peptide and the acid-sensitive prodrug were conveniently integrated into red blood cells' surface for enhancing target AS drug delivery and controlling local drug release. As a proof of principle, a plug and play nanoplatform with targeted drug delivery and acid-control drug release is demonstrated, achieving a marked therapeutic effect for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Boyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Essam Abdo Mohammed Saad Obaid
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Leyssens L, Pestiaux C, Kerckhofs G. A Review of Ex Vivo X-ray Microfocus Computed Tomography-Based Characterization of the Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3263. [PMID: 33806852 PMCID: PMC8004599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular malformations and diseases are common but complex and often not yet fully understood. To better understand the effects of structural and microstructural changes of the heart and the vasculature on their proper functioning, a detailed characterization of the microstructure is crucial. In vivo imaging approaches are noninvasive and allow visualizing the heart and the vasculature in 3D. However, their spatial image resolution is often too limited for microstructural analyses, and hence, ex vivo imaging is preferred for this purpose. Ex vivo X-ray microfocus computed tomography (microCT) is a rapidly emerging high-resolution 3D structural imaging technique often used for the assessment of calcified tissues. Contrast-enhanced microCT (CE-CT) or phase-contrast microCT (PC-CT) improve this technique by additionally allowing the distinction of different low X-ray-absorbing soft tissues. In this review, we present the strengths of ex vivo microCT, CE-CT and PC-CT for quantitative 3D imaging of the structure and/or microstructure of the heart, the vasculature and their substructures in healthy and diseased state. We also discuss their current limitations, mainly with regard to the contrasting methods and the tissue preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Leyssens
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (L.L.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Camille Pestiaux
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (L.L.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (L.L.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Hannachi N, Lepidi H, Fontanini A, Takakura T, Bou-Khalil J, Gouriet F, Habib G, Raoult D, Camoin-Jau L, Baudoin JP. A Novel Approach for Detecting Unique Variations among Infectious Bacterial Species in Endocarditic Cardiac Valve Vegetation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081899. [PMID: 32823780 PMCID: PMC7464176 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious endocarditis (IE) remains one of the deadliest heart diseases with a high death rate, generally following thrombo-embolic events. Today, therapy is based on surgery and antibiotic therapy. When thromboembolic complications in IE patients persist, this is often due to our lack of knowledge regarding the pathophysiological development and organization of cells in the vegetation, most notably the primordial role of platelets and further triggered hemostasis, which is related to the diversity of infectious microorganisms involved. Our objective was to study the organization of IE vegetations due to different bacteria species in order to understand the related pathophysiological mechanism of vegetation development. We present an approach for ultrastructural analysis of whole-infected heart valve tissue based on scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our approach allowed us to detect differences in cell organization between the analyzed vegetations and revealed a distinct chemical feature in viridans Streptococci ones. Our results illustrate the benefits that such an approach may bring for guiding therapy, considering the germ involved for each IE patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadji Hannachi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (A.F.); (J.B.-K.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (L.C.-J.)
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Laboratoire D’anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique, Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Anthony Fontanini
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (A.F.); (J.B.-K.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (L.C.-J.)
| | - Tatsuki Takakura
- Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, Analytical & Medical Solution Business Group 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 312-8504, Japan;
| | - Jacques Bou-Khalil
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (A.F.); (J.B.-K.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (L.C.-J.)
| | - Frédérique Gouriet
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (A.F.); (J.B.-K.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (L.C.-J.)
| | - Gilbert Habib
- Département de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (A.F.); (J.B.-K.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (L.C.-J.)
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (A.F.); (J.B.-K.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (L.C.-J.)
- Laboratoire D’Hématologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean- Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; (N.H.); (A.F.); (J.B.-K.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (L.C.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-1373-2401; Fax: +33-4-1373-2402
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Abstract
The valves of the heart are crucial for ensuring that blood flows in one direction from the heart, through the lungs and back to the rest of the body. Heart valve development is regulated by complex interactions between different cardiac cell types and is subject to blood flow-driven forces. Recent work has begun to elucidate the important roles of developmental pathways, valve cell heterogeneity and hemodynamics in determining the structure and function of developing valves. Furthermore, this work has revealed that many key genetic pathways involved in cardiac valve development are also implicated in diseased valves. Here, we review recent discoveries that have furthered our understanding of the molecular, cellular and mechanosensitive mechanisms of valve development, and highlight new insights into congenital and acquired valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O'Donnell
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Abstract
Heterogeneous macrophage lineages are present in the aortic and mitral valves of the heart during development and disease. These populations include resident macrophages of embryonic origins and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages prevalent in disease. Soon after birth, macrophages from haematopoietic lineages are recruited to the heart valves, and bone marrow transplantation studies in mice demonstrate that haematopoietic-derived macrophages continue to invest adult valves. During myxomatous heart valve disease, monocyte-derived macrophages are recruited to the heart valves and they contribute to valve degeneration in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Here, we review recent studies of macrophage lineages in heart valve development and disease with discussion of clinical significance and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kim
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Na Xu
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Abstract
In 2014, an extensive review discussing the major steps of cardiac development focusing on growth, formation of primary and chamber myocardium and the development of the cardiac electrical system, was published. Molecular genetic lineage analyses have since furthered our insight in the developmental origin of the various component parts of the heart, which currently can be unambiguously identified by their unique molecular phenotype. Moreover, genetic, molecular and cell biological analyses have driven insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of the different cardiac components. Here, we build on our previous review and provide an insight into the molecular mechanistic revelations that have forwarded the field of cardiac development. Despite the enormous advances in our knowledge over the last decade, the development of congenital cardiac malformations remains poorly understood. The challenge for the next decade will be to evaluate the different developmental processes using newly developed molecular genetic techniques to further unveil the gene regulatory networks operational during normal and abnormal cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical BiologyAmsterdamUMC location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Savchuk T. [HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME: MORPHOGENESIS OF PATOMORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE]. Georgian Med News 2020:55-61. [PMID: 32242845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the morphogenesis of the left ventricle in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). There are five types of hypoplastic left ventricles were identified: with a slit-like shape and hypoplasia of LV wall, with a slit-like cavity shape and wall hypertrophy and types with endocardial fibroelastosis (with a cylindrical cavity shape, with lacunar cavities and lacunar-cylindrical cavity of the left ventricle), as a result of differences in the wall structure, cavity shape, presence or absence of endocardial fibroelastosis. The analysis of morphometric data of pathomorphological types of the left ventricle in the HLHS revealed the possible ways of their morphogenesis. Left displacement of interventricular septum in embryogenesis at 4-5 weeks of intrauterine development is associated with the occurrence of atresia of the left atrioventricular orifice and aortic valve and the appearance of a slit-like shape and hypoplasia of LV wall in the HLHS. The displacement of only the conotruncus septum leads to the appearance of a slit-like shape of cavity and hypertrophy of LV wall in the HLHS. The pathomorphological types with endocardial fibroelastosis in the HLHS depends on the stage of embryogenesis of myocardium at which fibroelastosis appears: before the myocardial compaction (up to 4th week of gestation) - the lacunar shape of LV cavity with thin compact layer of myocardium; during the compaction of myocardium (5-6th week of gestation) - the lacunar-cylindrical shape of LV cavity and after compaction (after 7-8th week of fetal development) - a cylindrical shape of LV cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Savchuk
- Bogomolets national medical university, department of pathological anatomy №2, Kyiv, Ukrainian
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9
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Ohshiro T, Imuta S, Hijikuro I, Yagyu H, Takahashi T, Doi T, Ishibashi S, Tomoda H. The Anti-atherogenic Activity of Beauveriolide Derivative BVD327, a Sterol O-Acyltransferase 2-Selective Inhibitor, in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:951-958. [PMID: 32475917 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fungal 13-membered cyclodepsipeptides, beauveriolides I and III, were previously reported to be atheroprotective activity in mouse models via inhibiting sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) activity. A total of 149 beauveriolide derivatives (BVDs) synthesized combinatorially were evaluated in in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) analysis and inhibitory activity toward the two SOAT isozymes, SOAT1 and SOAT2. Hence, only 11 BVDs exhibited SOAT2-selective inhibition. Among these, we chose BVD327, which had the highest ADME score, for further evaluation. BVD327 administration (50 mg/kg/d, per os (p.o.)) significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and heart (25.4 ± 6.9 and 20.6 ± 2.9%, respectively) in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (0.2% cholesterol and 21% fat) for 12 weeks. These findings indicate that beauveriolide derivatives can be used as anti-atherosclerotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ohshiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | | | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
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Mek Inhibitor Reverses Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in RIT1 Mutated Noonan Syndrome: For the first time, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was reversed in Noonan syndrome associated with a RIT1 mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1408-9. [PMID: 31355539 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhao W, Cheng H, Chen D. [Role and mechanism of CD161 + regulatory T cells in alleviating cardiac valve injury in rheumatic heart disease rats]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 35:296-301. [PMID: 31167687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of CD161+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in reducing valve injury in rheumatic heart disease rats and the underlying mechanism. Methods CD161- and CD161+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were separated by flow cytometry and then cultured. The concentrations of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in the supernates were detected by ELISA. Rat models of rheumatic heart disease were established by mixing A type hemolytic streptococcus suspension with Freund's complete adjuvant. They were divided into control group, CD161-Treg group and CD161+Treg group. One week later, heart blood and mitral valve were taken from the model rats. The proportion of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, B cells and plasma cells was detected by flow cytometry. Histopathological changes were detected by HE staining and the number of B cells and plasma cells by immunohistochemical staining. ELISA was used to detect the level of IL-21 in serum. Results The ability of CD161+Tregs to secrete IL-10 and TGF-β was significantly higher than that of CD161-Tregs. Compared with the rats injected with CD161-Tregs, CD161+Tregs could significantly reduce the damage of valve tissue and the proportion of B cells and plasma cells in valve tissue. Moreover, CD161+Tregs injection could reduce the proportion of Tfh cells, B cells and plasma cells in rat blood and decrease the content of IL-21 in serum. Conclusion CD161+Tregs can reduce the valve injury of rheumatic heart disease by inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of Tfh cells and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhao
- Internal Medicine of Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Internal Medicine of Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Internal Medicine of Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Ezeigwe A, Fashanu OE, Zhao D, Budoff MJ, Otvos JD, Thomas IC, Mora S, Tibuakuu M, Michos ED. The novel inflammatory marker GlycA and the prevalence and progression of valvular and thoracic aortic calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2019; 282:91-99. [PMID: 30716566 PMCID: PMC6401213 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS GlycA is a novel composite biomarker of systemic inflammation reflecting posttranslational glycosylation of acute phase reactants. GlycA has been associated with coronary artery calcium, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality. Vascular calcifications outside of the coronary arteries are risk markers of CVD and mortality. Whether GlycA is linked to extra-coronary calcifications (ECC) is not well established. METHODS We studied 6462 MESA participants free of clinical CVD who had plasma GlycA measured at baseline. ECCs [calcification in aortic valve (AVC), mitral annulus (MAC), ascending and descending thoracic aorta (ATAC, DTAC)] were ascertained at baseline and follow-up visit (median 2.3-yrs later) by cardiac CT. Poisson regression models with robust variance estimation assessed associations of GlycA with prevalent and incident ECC. Linear mixed models assessed the cross-sectional and 2-year change in ECC. Models were adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS In cross-sectional analysis, GlycA (per SD increment) was positively associated with prevalent AVC, ATAC and DTAC with adjusted prevalence ratios (95% CI) of 1.08 (1.01-1.14), 1.18 (1.03-1.34) and 1.10 (1.06-1.14), respectively. There was also a significant association between GlycA and baseline extent of both ATAC and DTAC. Longitudinally, GlycA was positively associated with incident MAC and DTAC, with adjusted incidence ratios of 1.18 (1.03-1.37) and 1.17 (1.07-1.28), respectively. GlycA was also associated with 2-year change in MAC and DTAC extent. CONCLUSIONS In this diverse cohort free from clinical CVD, we found GlycA was positively associated with prevalent and incident ECC measures, in particular for progression of MAC and DTAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ezeigwe
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluwaseun E Fashanu
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James D Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Isac C Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Tibuakuu
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- The Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Wilczek P, Paulina G, Karolina J, Martyna M, Grazyna W, Roman M, Aldona M, Anna S, Aneta S. Biomechanical and morphological stability of acellular scaffolds for tissue-engineered heart valves depends on different storage conditions. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2018; 29:106. [PMID: 29971508 PMCID: PMC6028870 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently available bioprosthetic heart valves have been successfully used clinically; however, they have several limitations. Alternatively, tissue-engineering techniques can be used. However, there are limited data concerning the impact of storage conditions of scaffolds on their biomechanics and morphology. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different storage conditions on the biomechanics and morphology of pulmonary valve dedicated for the acellular scaffold preparation to achieve optimal conditions to obtain stable heart valve prostheses. Scaffold can then be used for the construction of tissue-engineered heart valve, for this reason evaluation of these parameters can determine the success of the clinical application this type of bioprosthesis. Pulmonary heart valves were collected from adult porcines. Materials were divided into five groups depending on the storage conditions. Biomechanical tests were performed, both the static tensile test, and examination of viscoelastic properties. Extracellular matrix morphology was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Tissue stored at 4 °C exhibited a higher modulus of elasticity than the control (native) and fresh acellular, which indicated the stiffening of the tissue and changes of the viscoelastic properties. Such changes were not observed in the radial direction. Percent strain was not significantly different in the study groups. The storage conditions affected the acellularization efficiency and tissue morphology. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first that attributes the mechanical properties of pulmonary valve tissue to the biomechanical changes in the collagen network due to different storage conditions. Storage conditions of scaffolds for tissue-engineered heart valves may have a significant impact on the haemodynamic and clinical effects of the used bioprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wilczek
- Heart Prosthesis Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolnosci 345A, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Gach Paulina
- Heart Prosthesis Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolnosci 345A, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jendryczko Karolina
- Heart Prosthesis Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolnosci 345A, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcisz Martyna
- Heart Prosthesis Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolnosci 345A, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wilczek Grazyna
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Major Roman
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Reymonta 24, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mzyk Aldona
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Reymonta 24, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sypien Anna
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Reymonta 24, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Samotus Aneta
- Heart Prosthesis Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolnosci 345A, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
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14
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Lucena Delgado J, Sanabria Carretero P, Durán la Fuente P, Gónzalez Rocafort A, Castro Parga L, Reinoso Barbero F. Cardiac arrest related to anaesthesia in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2018; 65:234-237. [PMID: 29246395 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome is the clinical manifestation of a congenital genetic disorder in the elastin gene, among others. There is a history of cardiac arrest refractory to resuscitation manoeuvres in anaesthesia. The incidence of myocardial ischaemia is high during anaesthetic induction, but there are patients who do not have this condition yet also have had very serious cardiac events, and issues that are still to be resolved. Case descriptions will enable the common pathophysiological factors to be defined, and decrease morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy with cardiac arrest at induction, rescued with circulatory assistance with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and hypothermia induced for cerebral protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lucena Delgado
- Departamento de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.
| | - P Sanabria Carretero
- Departamento de Anestesiología Pediátrica, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - P Durán la Fuente
- Departamento de Anestesiología Pediátrica, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - A Gónzalez Rocafort
- Departamento de Cirugía Cardíaca Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - L Castro Parga
- Departamento de Anestesiología Pediátrica, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - F Reinoso Barbero
- Departamento de Anestesiología Pediátrica, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
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Carino D, Nicolini F, Molardi A, Indira Dadamo C, Gherli T. Unusual Locations for Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastomas. J Heart Valve Dis 2017; 26:226-230. [PMID: 28820556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are rare and benign cardiac tumors which usually are localized on the valves (mostly on the aortic valve), though they may originate also from the ventricles or atrial walls. Whilst, in the large majority of cases, these lesions are asymptomatic they may cause serious complications such as thromboembolic events, or more rarely valvular dysfunctions. Surgical excision is necessary for a symptomatic lesion. The management of asymptomatic lesions is not defined. Herein are reported the details of a miniseries of six cases operated on at the authors' institution between 2005 and 2015. A review of the current literature suggests that PFE is a rare but potentially treatable cause of thromboembolic events, and must be borne in mind during the differential diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke. The surgical excision of PFEs is safe and definitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carino
- Aortic Institute at Yale New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Parma General Hospital, Parma, Italy. Electronic correspondence:
| | | | | | - Clara Indira Dadamo
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences, Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziano Gherli
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Parma General Hospital, Parma, Italy
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16
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Mesrati MA, Belhadj M, Aissaoui A, HajSalem N, Oualha D, Boughattas M, Messaoudi I, Hammedi F, Zakhama A, Chadly A. [Sudden cardiovascular death in adults: Study of 361 autopsy cases]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2017; 66:7-14. [PMID: 27109042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY To describe epidemiological aspects of sudden cardiovascular death and to specify the etiopathogenic characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHOD Our study is retrospective and descriptive. It included 361 cases of sudden cardiovascular death, which underwent autopsy in forensic medicine department of Monastir during eight years, from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2011. RESULTS The incidence of sudden cardiovascular death was 9 per 100,000 person. A marked male predominance was noted. The mean age was 55.75 years. In our series, myocardial infarction represents the leading cause of sudden cardiovascular death, 57.8% of cases. Other etiologies were hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (4.7%), heart failure (1.9%), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (2.8%), valvular disease (2%), cardio-myo-pericarditis (1.9%), hydatid cyst of the heart (0.8%), ruptured aneurysm (2.5%), pulmonary embolism (1.9%) and aortic dissection (1.3%). A sudden cardiovascular death at work was found in 25 cases. These cases pose essentially a problem of imputability. CONCLUSION Sudden cardiac death is usually the complication of underlying heart disease, sometimes overlooked. Several risk factors are involved. Sudden cardiac death in healthy heart or death caused by arrhythmia is an important entity seeking the intervention of several actors (forensic doctor, cardiologist, geneticist, media…) for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mesrati
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - M Belhadj
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - A Aissaoui
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie.
| | - N HajSalem
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - D Oualha
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - M Boughattas
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - I Messaoudi
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - F Hammedi
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologique, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - A Zakhama
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologique, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - A Chadly
- Service de médecine légale, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie; Faculté de médecine, université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
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Zhang L, Tester DJ, Lang D, Chen Y, Zheng J, Gao R, Corliss RF, Tang S, Kyle JW, Liu C, Ackerman MJ, Makielski JC, Cheng J. Does Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome Remain the Autopsy-Negative Disorder: A Gross, Microscopic, and Molecular Autopsy Investigation in Southern China. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:1503-1514. [PMID: 27707468 PMCID: PMC5097692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To look for previously unrecognized cardiac structural abnormalities and address the genetic cause for sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS). METHODS Data for 148 SUNDS victims and 444 controls (matched 1:3 on sex, race, and age of death within 1 year) were collected from Sun Yat-sen University from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2014, to search morphological changes. An additional 17 patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) collected from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2014, served as a comparative disease cohort. Target-captured next-generation sequencing for 80 genes associated with arrhythmia/cardiomyopathy was performed in 44 SUNDS victims and 17 patients with BrS to characterize the molecular spectrum. RESULTS The SUNDS victims had slight but statistically significant increased heart weight and valve circumference compared with controls. Twelve of 44 SUNDS victims (SCN5A, SCN1B, CACNB2, CACNA1C, AKAP9, KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNJ5, GATA4, NUP155, ABCC9) and 6 of 17 patients with BrS (SCN5A, CACNA1C; P>.05) carried rare variants in primary arrhythmia-susceptibility genes. Only 2 of 44 SUNDS cases compared with 5 of 17 patients with BrS hosted a rare variant in the most common BrS-causing gene, SCN5A (P=.01). Using the strict American College of Medical Genetics guideline-based definition, it was found that only 2 of 44 (KCNQ1) SUNDS and 3 of 17 (SCN5A) patients with BrS hosted a "(likely) pathogenic" variant. Fourteen of 44 SUNDS cases with cardiomyopathy-related variants had a subtle but significantly decreased circumference of cardiac valves, and tended to die on average 5 to 6 years younger compared with the remaining 30 cases (P=.02). CONCLUSION We present the first comprehensive autopsy evidence that SUNDS victims may have concealed cardiac morphological changes. SUNDS and BrS may result from different molecular pathological underpinnings. The distinct association between cardiomyopathy-related rare variants and SUNDS warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David J Tester
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Di Lang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Zheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Robert F Corliss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Shuangbo Tang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John W Kyle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Michael J Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jonathan C Makielski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Jianding Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Zhou J, Ding J, Nie B, Hu S, Zhu Z, Chen J, Xu J, Shi J, Dong N. Promotion of adhesion and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells on decellularized valves by covalent incorporation of RGD peptide and VEGF. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2016; 27:142. [PMID: 27541486 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered heart valve is a promising alternative to current heart valve surgery, for its capability of growth, repair, and remodeling. However, extensive development is needed to ensure tissue compatibility, durability and antithrombotic potential. This study aims to investigate the biological effects of multi-signal composite material of polyethyl glycol-cross-linked decellularized valve on adhesion and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells. Group A to E was decellularized valve leaflets, composite material of polyethyl glycol-cross-linked decellularized valves leaflets, vascular endothelial growth factor-composite materials, Arg-Gly-Asp peptide-composite materials and multi-signal modified materials of polyethyl glycol-cross-linked decellularized valve leaflets, respectively. The endothelial progenitor cells were seeded for each group, cell adhesion and proliferation were detected and neo-endothelium antithrombotic function of the multi-signal composite materials was evaluated. At 2, 4, and 8 h after the seeding, the cell numbers and 3H-TdR incorporation in group D were the highest. At 2, 4, and 8 days after the seeding, the cell numbers and 3H-TdR incorporation were significantly higher in groups C, D, and E compared with groups A and B (P < 0.05) and cell numbers and the expression of t-PA and eons in the neo-endothelium were quite similar to those in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells at 2, 4, and 8 days after the seeding. The Arg-Gly-Asp- peptides (a sequential peptide composed of arginine (Arg), glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp)) and VEGF-conjugated onto the composite material of PEG-crosslinked decellularized valve leaflets synergistically promoted the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells on the composite material, which may help in tissue engineering of heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jingli Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bin'en Nie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shidong Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Abstract
Heart damage, mediated by different autoantibodies can involve several anatomical heart structures: valves, arteries, conduction tissue. Verrucous endocarditis is frequently reported in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with or without systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly if they suffer from central nervous system involvement. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were shown deposited at subendothelial level of the affected valves. According to several in vitro and in vivo experimental models, aPL, anti-oxidized LDL (oxLDL), anti-heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) and anti-endothelial cells antibodies (AECA) seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis phenomena described in systemic autoimmune disease and vasculitis. However, the observation of the association of the same antibodies with clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients is still controversial. The children of anti-Ro/SSA positive mothers can be affected by the congenital heart block. Anti Ro/SS-A antibodies play a major pathogenic role in affecting the heart conduction tissue in this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Brescia Hospital and University, Brescia, Italy.
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20
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Abstract
The heart lesions of rheumatic fever and the heart involvement in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), have different clinical pictures. Yet, there are several common characteristics linking both diseases: 1) central nervous system (CNS) and heart involvement; 2) molecular mimicry between the a pathogen and the origin of the disease; 3) cross reacting antibodies between the pathogen and self molecules; 4) endothelial cell activation in the ‘crime-area’ i.e., the valves; 5) some of the patients with RF have circulating antiphospholipid antibodies, while APS may be associated with streptococcal infection; and 6) recently, a cross-reactivity between antibodies directed to the streptococcal M-protein and its synthetic derivative in rheumatic fever (RF) and antibodies derived from APS patients targeting the beta-2-glycoprotein-I (β2GPI) and a β2GPI related synthetic peptide. In the current paper, we summarize the possible links between the heart involvement in RF and APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blank
- Department of Internal Medicine B, The Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Abstract
Pericarditis is the most common cardiac abnormality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but lesions of the valves, myocardium and coronary vessels may all occur. In the past, cardiac manifestations were severe and life threatening, often leading to death. Therefore, they were frequently found in post-mortem examinations. Nowadays cardiac manifestations are often mild and asymptomatic. However, they can be frequently recognized by echocardiography and other noninvasive tests. Echocardiography is a sensitive and specific technique in detecting cardiac abnormalities, particularly mild pericarditis, valvular lesions and myocardial dysfunction. Therefore, echocardiography should be performed periodically in SLE patients. Vascular occlusion, including coronary arteries, may develop due to vasculitis, premature atherosclerosis or antiphospholipid antibodies associated with SLE. Premature atherosclerosis is the most frequent cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) in SLE patients. Efforts should be made to control traditional risk factors as well as all other factors which could contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Doria
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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23
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Abstract
We present the case of a 37-year-old male patient with a multicentric myxoma admitted to hospital with dyspnoea, syncope and chest pain. Physical examination revealed a grade 3/6 systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border and diffuse bilateral lung rales. Transthoracic echocardiography and thoraco-abdominal computed tomography revealed a right atrial mass and a right ventricular mass obstructing the outflow tract. The patient underwent urgent surgical treatment. At operation, a solitary right atrial myxoma and a right ventricular myxoma originating from the tricuspid valve and attached to the free wall of the right ventricle were seen. The tumours were successfully excised and the tricuspid valve was replaced with a No. 33 Omnicarbon® metallic valve. The right ventricular free wall was repaired with a glutaraldehyde-treated pericardial patch. Histopathological examination of the tumours confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. Post-operative recovery was uneventful and there was no recurrence after 1 year's follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
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Kwak HJ, Kwak YL, Oh YJ, Shim YH, Kim SH, Hong YW. Effect of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors on Phenylephrine Responsiveness in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease. J Int Med Res 2016; 33:150-9. [PMID: 15790126 DOI: 10.1177/147323000503300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied patients with valvular heart disease to investigate whether chronic pre-operative treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors modulates the effect of phenylephrine (PE) on anaesthesia-induced hypotension. Sixty-five patients were enrolled in the study and hypotension developed after anaesthesia in 36 (18 in the control group and 18 in the ACE inhibitor group). These patients received PE infusions, which were increased in a stepwise fashion at 10-min intervals. Increased mean arterial pressure due to PE infusion was significant only in the control group. There was no significant difference in pressor response or change in haemodynamic variables with PE infusion between the two groups. Treatment with ACE inhibitors did not increase the incidence of hypotensive episodes or significantly modify pressor response after anaesthesia in patients with valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwak
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
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25
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Li ZL, He CS, Chen YH, Liang XL, Dong W, Li RZ, Li SJ, Xu LX, Feng ZL, Liang HB, Wang LF, Shi W. [Association of heart valve calcification with cardiovascular outcomes in patients on maintenance hemodialysis]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 36:941-946. [PMID: 27435773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of heart valve calcification (HVC) on cardiovascular outcomes in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS We enrolled 302 Chinese patients on MHD between 2009 and 2011 including 99 with HVC identified by echocardiography screening. All the patients were followed up for 2 years and survival analysis was performed with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and new onset cardiovascular events as the endpoints. Cox regression analysis was used for analyzing the impact of heart valve calcification on the cardiovascular outcomes of the patients. RESULTS The mean age of the total patients was 58.2∓15.0 years when receiving the initial MHD, and 53.6% were male patients. The overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality and new on-set cardiovascular events in HVC and non-HVC groups were 30.3% vs 16.3%, 22.2% vs 6.9%, and 48.5% vs 25.6%, respectively (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in all-cause mortality (P=0.006), cardiovascular mortality (P<0.001) and new-onset cardiovascular events (P<0.001) between HVC and non-HVC groups. After adjustment, Cox regression analysis identified HVC as a risk factor for increased all-cause mortality (HR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.11-3.19), cardiovascular mortality (HR=3.47, 95%CI: 1.76-6.84) and cardiovascular events (HR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.09-2.47). CONCLUSIONS HVC is an independent risk factor for increased cardiovascular mortality and new cardiovascular events in patients on MHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lian Li
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.E-mail:
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Sung Jeong W, Jin Kim Y, Lim HG, Jung S, Ryul Lee J. The Immune Responses and Calcification of Bioprostheses in the α1,3-Galactosyltransferase Knockout Mouse. J Heart Valve Dis 2016; 25:253-261. [PMID: 27989076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aim was to evaluate the immune reaction, difference of degenerative calcification, and anti-calcification effect of decellularization with or without α-galactosidase in bovine pericardium and porcine heart valves, using an α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α-Gal) knockout (KO) mouse model. METHODS In order to elucidate the anti-calcification effect of decellularization with or without α-galactosidase, bovine pericardium and porcine heart valve tissues were assigned to four groups according to the tissue preparation method: (i) glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation only; (ii) decellularization + GA fixation (Decell); (iii) α-galactosidase + GA fixation (α-galactosidase); and (iv) decellularization +α-galactosidase + GA fixation (Decell + α-galactosidase). Each prepared tissue was implanted subcutaneously into α-Gal KO mice. Anti-α-Gal immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibody titers were monitored prior to implantation and at four, eight and 12 weeks after implantation using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Calcium contents of explanted tissues were measured at 12 weeks after implantation. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the anti-α-Gal IgG antibody titers according to the type of bioprosthetic material or tissue preparation method (p >0.05). The calcium content was significantly lower in porcine heart valves than in bovine pericardium when implanted in α-Gal-KO mice (p <0.001). Calcium contents in bovine pericardium and porcine heart valves were significantly lower in the Decell, α-galactosidase and Decell + α-galactosidase groups than in the GA group (all p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The porcine heart valve induced lower levels of calcium deposition than did the bovine pericardium, but the anti-α-Gal IgG antibody titers did not differ significantly between the bioprosthetic tissues. Decellularization had significant anticalcification effects in both the bovine pericardium and porcine heart valves, though there was no significant difference in the anti-α-Gal IgG antibody titers among tissue preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sung Jeong
- Seoul National University Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul
- Department of Thoracic and and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center,Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Rpublic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Hong-Gook Lim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Saeromi Jung
- Seoul National University Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul
| | - Jeong Ryul Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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27
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van Geemen D, Soares ALF, Oomen PJA, Driessen-Mol A, Janssen-van den Broek MWJT, van den Bogaerdt AJ, Bogers AJJC, Goumans MJTH, Baaijens FPT, Bouten CVC. Age-Dependent Changes in Geometry, Tissue Composition and Mechanical Properties of Fetal to Adult Cryopreserved Human Heart Valves. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149020. [PMID: 26867221 PMCID: PMC4750936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information about age-specific structural and functional properties of human heart valves, while this information is key to the development and evaluation of living valve replacements for pediatric and adolescent patients. Here, we present an extended data set of structure-function properties of cryopreserved human pulmonary and aortic heart valves, providing age-specific information for living valve replacements. Tissue composition, morphology, mechanical properties, and maturation of leaflets from 16 pairs of structurally unaffected aortic and pulmonary valves of human donors (fetal-53 years) were analyzed. Interestingly, no major differences were observed between the aortic and pulmonary valves. Valve annulus and leaflet dimensions increase throughout life. The typical three-layered leaflet structure is present before birth, but becomes more distinct with age. After birth, cell numbers decrease rapidly, while remaining cells obtain a quiescent phenotype and reside in the ventricularis and spongiosa. With age and maturation-but more pronounced in aortic valves-the matrix shows an increasing amount of collagen and collagen cross-links and a reduction in glycosaminoglycans. These matrix changes correlate with increasing leaflet stiffness with age. Our data provide a new and comprehensive overview of the changes of structure-function properties of fetal to adult human semilunar heart valves that can be used to evaluate and optimize future therapies, such as tissue engineering of heart valves. Changing hemodynamic conditions with age can explain initial changes in matrix composition and consequent mechanical properties, but cannot explain the ongoing changes in valve dimensions and matrix composition at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne van Geemen
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ana L. F. Soares
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Pim J. A. Oomen
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Anita Driessen-Mol
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Antoon J. van den Bogaerdt
- Heart Valve Bank Rotterdam, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ad J. J. C. Bogers
- Heart Valve Bank Rotterdam, Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank P. T. Baaijens
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Soft Tissue Biomechanics & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Rutkovskaya NV, Barbarash OL. [Dystrophic Mineralization of Soft Tissues: Parallels in Formation of Dysfunctions of Cardiac Valves, Calcified Aortic Stenosis, and Atherosclerosis]. Kardiologiia 2016; 55:76-85. [PMID: 26761977 DOI: 10.18565/cardio.2015.8.76-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
The female neonate, 27 days, 53 cm, 3450 g, was found dead in early morning hours. Baby was healthy, well nourished, and not neglected, up to the day before when she started to cough and scheduled for next-day regular pediatrician visit. Due to unexpected death, the autopsy was performed. Multiple oval, blood cysts, up to 0.5 cm, were found on the free valvular margins of the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, and aortic valve. The blood cysts were unilocular, filled with blood, and lined with flattened endothelial cells. The surrounding stroma was slightly edematous but without myxoid changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Vuckovic
- Pathology and Histology Centre, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Medical Faculty at Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Pilija
- Medical Faculty at Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Vuckovic
- Medical Faculty at Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Institute for Lung Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Medical Faculty at Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Chen Q, Gao H, Hua Z, Yang K, Yan J, Zhang H, Ma K, Zhang S, Qi L, Li S. Outcomes of Surgical Repair for Persistent Truncus Arteriosus from Neonates to Adults: A Single Center's Experience. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146800. [PMID: 26752522 PMCID: PMC4713837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to report our experiences with surgical repair in patients of all ages with persistent truncus arteriosus. Methods From July 2004 to July 2014, 50 consecutive patients with persistent truncus arteriosus who underwent anatomical repair were included in the retrospective review. Median follow-up time was 3.4 years (range, 3 months to 10 years). Results Fifty patients underwent anatomical repair at a median age of 19.6 months (range, 20 days to 19.1 years). Thirty patients (60%) were older than one year. The preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure were 4.1±2.1 (range, 0.1 to 8.9) units.m2 and 64.3±17.9 (range, 38 to 101) mmHg, respectively. Significant truncal valve regurgitation was presented in 14 (28%) patients. Hospital death occurred in 3 patients, two due to pulmonary hypertensive crisis and the other due to pneumonia. Three late deaths occurred at 3, 4 and 11 months after surgery. The actuarial survival rates were 87.7% and 87.7% at 1 year and 5 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified significant preoperative truncal valve regurgitation was a risk factor for overall mortality (odds ratio, 7.584; 95%CI: 1.335–43.092; p = 0.022). Two patients required reoperation of truncal valve replacement. One patient underwent reintervention for conduit replacement. Freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 92.9%. At latest examination, there was one patient with moderate-to-severe truncal valve regurgitation and four with moderate. Three patients had residual pulmonary artery hypertension. All survivors were in New York Heart Association class I-II. Conclusions Complete repair of persistent truncus arteriosus can be achieved with a relatively low mortality and acceptable early- and mid-term results, even in cases with late presentation. Significant preoperative truncal valve regurgitation remains a risk factor for overall mortality. The long-term outcomes warrant further follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Chen
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huawei Gao
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhongdong Hua
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Keming Yang
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kai Ma
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Qi
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Gursoy MO, Karakoyun S, Kalcik M, Yesin M, Gunduz S, Astarcioğlu MA, Oğuz AE, Ozkan M. Evaluation of p53 Polymorphism in Patients with Pannus-Derived Prosthetic Dysfunction. J Heart Valve Dis 2015; 24:604-611. [PMID: 26897840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Prosthetic valve dysfunction (PVD) due to pannus formation is considered to occur due to a bioreaction to prosthetic material. The p53 gene plays a critical role in apoptosis and cell proliferation. p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism has been found to be associated with coronary stent restenosis, but has not yet been studied in prosthetic heart valve dysfunction. The study aim was to evaluate the association between pannus-derived PVD and p53 G72C(Arg72Pro) polymorphism. METHODS This single-center, prospective study included 25 patients (20 females, five males; mean age 45.6 +/- 12.5 years; group 1) who underwent redo valve surgery due to PVD, and 49 age- and gender-matched control patients (44 females, five males; mean age 47.3 +/- 12.2 years; group 2) with normofunctional prostheses. The prostheses were examined using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Analyses of p53 G72C(Arg72Pro) polymorphism were performed using Roche LightCyler 2.0 Real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The most common location of replaced valves was the mitral position in both groups (88% and 89.8%, respectively). In group 1, normal alleles (GG) were observed in 12 patients (48%), while one patient (4%) showed a homozygous mutation (GC) and 12 patients (48%) showed a heterozygous mutation (CC). In group 2, 21 patients (42.9%) had normal alleles (GG), while four (8.2%) had a homozygous mutation (CC) and 24 (48.9%) had a heterozygous mutation (GC). No significant difference was observed between the groups with regards to p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism (p = 0.769). CONCLUSION In patients with prosthetic valves, the underlying mechanism behind pannus formation is unrelated to p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism.
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Nayak KS, Nielsen JF, Bernstein MA, Markl M, D Gatehouse P, M Botnar R, Saloner D, Lorenz C, Wen H, S Hu B, Epstein FH, N Oshinski J, Raman SV. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:71. [PMID: 26254979 PMCID: PMC4529988 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phase contrast imaging has undergone a wide range of changes with the development and availability of improved calibration procedures, visualization tools, and analysis methods. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in CMR phase contrast imaging methodology, clinical applications including summaries of past clinical performance, and emerging research and clinical applications that utilize today's latest technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 406, Los Angeles, California, 90089-2564, USA.
| | - Jon-Fredrik Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Peter D Gatehouse
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Rene M Botnar
- Cardiovascular Imaging, Imaging Sciences Division, Kings's College London, London, UK.
| | - David Saloner
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christine Lorenz
- Center for Applied Medical Imaging, Siemens Corporation, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Han Wen
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Bob S Hu
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - John N Oshinski
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Subha V Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Tian E, Stevens SR, Guan Y, Springer DA, Anderson SA, Starost MF, Patel V, Ten Hagen KG, Tabak LA. Galnt1 is required for normal heart valve development and cardiac function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115861. [PMID: 25615642 PMCID: PMC4304789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart valve defects in humans occur in approximately 2% of live births and are a major source of compromised cardiac function. In this study we demonstrate that normal heart valve development and cardiac function are dependent upon Galnt1, the gene that encodes a member of the family of glycosyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts) responsible for the initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation. In the adult mouse, compromised cardiac function that mimics human congenital heart disease, including aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis and regurgitation; altered ejection fraction; and cardiac dilation, was observed in Galnt1 null animals. The underlying phenotype is aberrant valve formation caused by increased cell proliferation within the outflow tract cushion of developing hearts, which is first detected at developmental stage E11.5. Developing valves from Galnt1 deficient animals displayed reduced levels of the proteases ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5, decreased cleavage of the proteoglycan versican and increased levels of other extracellular matrix proteins. We also observed increased BMP and MAPK signaling. Taken together, the ablation of Galnt1 appears to disrupt the formation/remodeling of the extracellular matrix and alters conserved signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation. Our study provides insight into the role of this conserved protein modification in cardiac valve development and may represent a new model for idiopathic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tian
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sharon R. Stevens
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Yu Guan
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Danielle A. Springer
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Stasia A. Anderson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Matthew F. Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Kelly G. Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
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Mitrofanova LB, Gorshkov AN, Lebedev DS, Mikhaylov EN. Evidence of specialized tissue in human interatrial septum: histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113343. [PMID: 25412099 PMCID: PMC4239074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of information on structural organization of muscular bundles in the interatrial septum (IAS). The aim was to investigate histologic and ultrastructural organization of muscular bundles in human IAS, including fossa ovalis (FO) and flap valve. Methods Macroscopic and light microscopy evaluations of IAS were performed from postmortem studies of 40 patients. Twenty three IAS specimens underwent serial transverse sectioning, and 17 - longitudinal sectioning. The transverse sections from 10 patients were immunolabeled for HCN4, Caveolin3 and Connexin43. IAS specimens from 6 other patients underwent electron microscopy. Results In all IAS specimens sections the FO, its rims and the flap valve had muscle fibers consisting of working cardiac myocytes. Besides the typical cardiomyocytes there were unusual cells: tortuous and horseshoe-shaped intertangled myocytes, small and large rounded myocytes with pale cytoplasm. The cells were aggregated in a definite structure in 38 (95%) cases, which was surrounded by fibro-fatty tissue. The height of the structure on transverse sections positively correlated with age (P = 0.03) and AF history (P = 0.045). Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of the cells for HCN4 and Caveolin3. Electron microscopy identified cells with characteristics similar to electrical conduction cells. Conclusions Specialized conduction cells in human IAS have been identified, specifically in the FO and its flap valve. The cells are aggregated in a structure, which is surrounded by fibrous and fatty tissue. Further investigations are warranted to explore electrophysiological characteristics of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubov B. Mitrofanova
- Department of Pathology, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Gorshkov
- Department of Pathology, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of cell morphology, Institute of cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of structural and functional proteomics, Research Institute of Influenza, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Lebedev
- Department of Arrythmology, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N. Mikhaylov
- Department of Arrythmology, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Neuromodulation unit, Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Grisoli D, Million M, Edouard S, Thuny F, Lepidi H, Collart F, Habib G, Raoult D. Latent Q fever endocarditis in patients undergoing routine valve surgery. J Heart Valve Dis 2014; 23:735-743. [PMID: 25790621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by a fastidious bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. A recent major outbreak of which in the Netherlands will most likely lead to the emergence of hundreds of cases of C. burnetii endocarditis during the next decade. Patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery may carry undiagnosed Q fever endocarditis with possible disastrous outcomes, and hence may benefit from a screening strategy. The study aim was to evaluate the frequency of unsuspected latent Q fever endocarditis in patients undergoing routine valve surgery. METHODS At the present authors' institution, all resected cardiac valves/prostheses are examined routinely histologically, microbiologically and on a molecular biological basis, in addition to serological testing for fastidious microorganisms. A retrospective review was conducted of data relating to all patients who had unsuspected Q fever endocarditis that had been diagnosed after routine valve/prosthesis replacement/repair between 2000 and 2013 at the authors' institution. RESULTS Among 6,401 patients undergoing valve surgery, postoperative examinations of the explanted valves/prostheses led to an unexpected diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis in 14 cases (0.2%), who subsequently underwent appropriate medical treatments. Only two of the patients (14%) had intraoperative findings suggestive of endocarditis. On serological analysis of the blood samples, 11 patients (79%) presented an evocative Phase I IgG antibody titer > or =800. Valvular tissue-sample analyses yielded positive cultures and PCR in the same 13 patients (93%), whereas pathological and immunohistochemical examinations alone were suggestive of endocarditis in only seven Cases (50%). CONCLUSION This screening strategy led to an unexpected diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis in 0.2% of patients undergoing routine valve surgery, who received subsequent appropriate antibiotic therapy. Systematic serological analysis should be mandatory before performing heart valve surgery in countries where C. burnetii is endemic. A positive serology should lead to appropriate valve-specimen analyses, including microbiological, molecular biological and histological evaluations.
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Barnette DN, VandeKopple M, Wu Y, Willoughby DA, Lincoln J. RNA-seq analysis to identify novel roles of scleraxis during embryonic mouse heart valve remodeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101425. [PMID: 24983472 PMCID: PMC4077804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart valve disease affects up to 30% of the population and has been shown to have origins during embryonic development. Valvulogenesis begins with formation of endocardial cushions in the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract regions. Subsequently, endocardial cushions remodel, elongate and progressively form mature valve structures composed of a highly organized connective tissue that provides the necessary biomechanical function throughout life. While endocardial cushion formation has been well studied, the processes required for valve remodeling are less well understood. The transcription factor Scleraxis (Scx) is detected in mouse valves from E15.5 during initial stages of remodeling, and expression remains high until birth when formation of the highly organized mature structure is complete. Heart valves from Scx-/- mice are abnormally thick and develop fibrotic phenotypes similar to human disease by juvenile stages. These phenotypes begin around E15.5 and are associated with defects in connective tissue organization and valve interstitial cell differentiation. In order to understand the etiology of this phenotype, we analyzed the transcriptome of remodeling valves isolated from E15.5 Scx-/- embryos using RNA-seq. From this, we have identified a profile of protein and non-protein mRNAs that are dependent on Scx function and using bioinformatics we can predict the molecular functions and biological processes affected by these genes. These include processes and functions associated with gene regulation (methyltransferase activity, DNA binding, Notch signaling), vitamin A metabolism (retinoic acid biosynthesis) and cellular development (cell morphology, cell assembly and organization). In addition, several mRNAs are affected by alternative splicing events in the absence of Scx, suggesting additional roles in post-transcriptional modification. In summary, our findings have identified transcriptome profiles from abnormal heart valves isolated from E15.5 Scx-/- embryos that could be used in the future to understand mechanisms of heart valve disease in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien N. Barnette
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew VandeKopple
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yonggan Wu
- Ocean Ridge Biosciences LLC, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, United States of America
| | - David A. Willoughby
- Ocean Ridge Biosciences LLC, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Tropheryma whipplei endocarditis differs from classic Whipple disease, which primarily affects the gastrointestinal system. We diagnosed 28 cases of T. whipplei endocarditis in Marseille, France, and compared them with cases reported in the literature. Specimens were analyzed mostly by molecular and histologic techniques. Duke criteria were ineffective for diagnosis before heart valve analysis. The disease occurred in men 40-80 years of age, of whom 21 (75%) had arthralgia (75%); 9 (32%) had valvular disease and 11 (39%) had fever. Clinical manifestations were predominantly cardiologic. Treatment with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine for at least 12 months was successful. The cases we diagnosed differed from those reported from Germany, in which arthralgias were less common and previous valve lesions more common. A strong geographic specificity for this disease is found mainly in eastern-central France, Switzerland, and Germany. T. whipplei endocarditis is an emerging clinical entity observed in middle-aged and older men with arthralgia.
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Shin SH, Lee S, Bae JS, Jee JG, Cha HJ, Lee YM. Thymosin beta4 regulates cardiac valve formation via endothelial-mesenchymal transformation in zebrafish embryos. Mol Cells 2014; 37:330-6. [PMID: 24732964 PMCID: PMC4012082 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin beta4 (TB4) has multiple functions in cellular response in processes as diverse as embryonic organ development and the pathogeneses of disease, especially those associated with cardiac coronary vessels. However, the specific roles played by TB4 during heart valve development in vertebrates are largely unknown. Here, we identified a novel function of TB4 in endothelialmesenchymal transformation (EMT) in cardiac valve endocardial cushions in zebrafish. The expressions of thymosin family members in developing zebrafish embryos were determined by whole mount in situ hybridization. Of the thymosin family members only zTB4 was expressed in the developing heart region. Cardiac valve development at 48 h post fertilization was defected in zebrafish TB4 (zTB4) morpholino-injected embryos (morphants). In zTB4 morphants, abnormal linear heart tube development was observed. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, notch1b, and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) 2 genes were also markedly reduced in atrio-ventricular canal (AVC). Endocardial cells in the AVC region were stained with anti-Zn5 antibody reactive against Dm-grasp (an EMT marker) to observe EMT in developing cardiac valves in zTB4 morphants. EMT marker expression in valve endothelial cells was confirmed after transfection with TB4 siRNA in the presence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent assay. Zn5-positive endocardial AVC cells were not observed in zTB4 morphants, and knockdown of TB4 suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT in ovine valve endothelial cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TB4 plays a pivotal role in cardiac valve formation by increasing EMT.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-703,
Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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39
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Abstract
Sodium nitrite, a common food additive, exists widely not only in the environment but also in our body. Excessive nitrite causes toxicological effects on human health; however, whether it affects vertebrate heart valve development remains unknown. In vertebrates, developmental defects of cardiac valves usually lead to congenital heart disease. To understand the toxic effects of nitrite on valvulogenesis, we exposed zebrafish embryos with different concentrations of sodium nitrite. Our results showed that sodium nitrite caused developmental defects of zebrafish heart dose dependently. It affected zebrafish heart development starting from 36 hpf (hour post fertilization) when heart initiates looping process. Comprehensive analysis on the embryos at 24 hpf and 48 hpf showed that excessive nitrite did not affect blood circulation, vascular network, myocardium and endocardium development. But development of endocardial cells in atrioventricular canal (AVC) of the embryos at 48 hpf was disrupted by too much nitrite, leading to defective formation of primitive valve leaflets at 76 hpf. Consistently, excessive nitrite diminished expressions of valve progenitor markers including bmp4, has2, vcana and notch1b at 48 hpf. Furthermore, 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), downstream of nitric oxide (NO) signaling, was increased its level significantly in the embryos exposed with excessive nitrite and microinjection of soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1], [2], [4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one), an antagonist of NO signaling, into nitrite-exposed embryos could partly rescue the cardiac valve malformation. Taken together, our results show that excessive nitrite affects early valve leaflet formation by producing too much NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Li
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenshuang Jia
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Burns TA, Dours-Zimmermann MT, Zimmermann DR, Krug EL, Comte-Walters S, Reyes L, Davis MA, Schey KL, Schwacke JH, Kern CB, Mjaatvedt CH. Imbalanced expression of Vcan mRNA splice form proteins alters heart morphology and cellular protein profiles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89133. [PMID: 24586547 PMCID: PMC3930639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental importance of the proteoglycan versican to early heart formation was clearly demonstrated by the Vcan null mouse called heart defect (hdf). Total absence of the Vcan gene halts heart development at a stage prior to the heart’s pulmonary/aortic outlet segment growth. This creates a problem for determining the significance of versican’s expression in the forming valve precursors and vascular wall of the pulmonary and aortic roots. This study presents data from a mouse model, Vcan(tm1Zim), of heart defects that results from deletion of exon 7 in the Vcan gene. Loss of exon 7 prevents expression of two of the four alternative splice forms of the Vcan gene. Mice homozygous for the exon 7 deletion survive into adulthood, however, the inability to express the V2 or V0 forms of versican results in ventricular septal defects, smaller cushions/valve leaflets with diminished myocardialization and altered pulmonary and aortic outflow tracts. We correlate these phenotypic findings with a large-scale differential protein expression profiling to identify compensatory alterations in cardiac protein expression at E13.5 post coitus that result from the absence of Vcan exon 7. The Vcan(tm1Zim) hearts show significant changes in the relative abundance of several cytoskeletal and muscle contraction proteins including some previously associated with heart disease. These alterations define a protein fingerprint that provides insight to the observed deficiencies in pre-valvular/septal cushion mesenchyme and the stability of the myocardial phenotype required for alignment of the outflow tract with the heart ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A. Burns
- Departments of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Dieter R. Zimmermann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward L. Krug
- Departments of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Susana Comte-Walters
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Departments of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monica A. Davis
- Departments of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John H. Schwacke
- Departments of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine B. Kern
- Departments of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Corey H. Mjaatvedt
- Departments of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Krcmery J, Gupta R, Sadleir RW, Ahrens MJ, Misener S, Kamide C, Fitchev P, Losordo DW, Crawford SE, Simon HG. Loss of the cytoskeletal protein Pdlim7 predisposes mice to heart defects and hemostatic dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80809. [PMID: 24278323 PMCID: PMC3835322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin-associated protein Pdlim7 is essential for heart and fin development in zebrafish; however, the expression and function of this PDZ-LIM family member in the mammal has remained unclear. Here, we show that Pdlim7 predominantly localizes to actin-rich structures in mice including the heart, vascular smooth muscle, and platelets. To test the requirement for Pdlim7 in mammalian development and function, we analyzed a mouse strain with global genetic inactivation of Pdlim7. We demonstrate that Pdlim7 loss-of-function leads to significant postnatal mortality. Inactivation of Pdlim7 does not disrupt cardiac development, but causes mild cardiac dysfunction in adult mice. Adult Pdlim7-/- mice displayed increased mitral and tricuspid valve annulus to body weight ratios. These structural aberrations in Pdlim7-/- mice were supported by three-dimensional reconstructions of adult cardiac valves, which revealed increased surface area to volume ratios for the mitral and tricuspid valve leaflets. Unexpectedly, we found that loss of Pdlim7 triggers systemic venous and arterial thrombosis, leading to significant mortality shortly after birth in Pdlim7+/- (11/60) and Pdlim7-/- (19/35) mice. In line with a prothrombotic phenotype, adult Pdlim7-/- mice exhibit dramatically decreased tail bleed times compared to controls. These findings reveal a novel and unexpected function for Pdlim7 in maintaining proper hemostasis in neonatal and adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Krcmery
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rudyard W. Sadleir
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Molly J. Ahrens
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sol Misener
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christine Kamide
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip Fitchev
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Douglas W. Losordo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hans-Georg Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- *
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42
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Barnette DN, Hulin A, Ahmed ASI, Colige AC, Azhar M, Lincoln J. Tgfβ-Smad and MAPK signaling mediate scleraxis and proteoglycan expression in heart valves. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 65:137-46. [PMID: 24157418 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mature heart valves are complex structures consisting of three highly organized extracellular matrix layers primarily composed of collagens, proteoglycans and elastin. Collectively, these diverse matrix components provide all the necessary biomechanical properties for valve function throughout life. In contrast to healthy valves, myxomatous valve disease is the most common cause of mitral valve prolapse in the human population and is characterized by an abnormal abundance of proteoglycans within the valve tri-laminar structure. Despite the clinical significance, the etiology of this phenotype is not known. Scleraxis (Scx) is a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that we previously showed to be required for establishing heart valve structure during remodeling stages of valvulogenesis. In this study, we report that remodeling heart valves from Scx null mice express decreased levels of proteoglycans, particularly chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), while overexpression in embryonic avian valve precursor cells and adult porcine valve interstitial cells increases CSPGs. Using these systems we further identify that Scx is positively regulated by canonical Tgfβ2 signaling during this process and this is attenuated by MAPK activity. Finally, we show that Scx is increased in myxomatous valves from human patients and mouse models, and overexpression in human mitral valve interstitial cells modestly increases proteoglycan expression consistent with myxomatous mitral valve phenotypes. Together, these studies identify an important role for Scx in regulating proteoglycans in embryonic and mature valve cells and suggest that imbalanced regulation could influence myxomatous pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien N Barnette
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016189 (R-189), Miami, FL, USA; Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research at Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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43
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Elenkova A, Atanassova I, Kirilov G, Vasilev V, Kalinov K, Zacharieva S. Transforming growth factor β1 is not a reliable biomarker for valvular fibrosis but could be a potential serum marker for invasiveness of prolactinomas (pilot study). Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:299-306. [PMID: 23801826 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) signaling pathway is crucial for both human fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of TGFβ1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) as potential circulating markers for fibrotic valvular heart disease (FVHD) and invasiveness as well as of Fetuin A as a marker for calcification in patients with prolactinomas. DESIGN The study population consisted of 147 subjects divided into four groups: 30 dopamine agonist (DA)-treated prolactinoma patients with proven FVHD and three control groups with normal echocardiograms: 43 DA-treated patients, 26 naïve patients, and 48 healthy subjects. RESULTS We observed significantly higher serum TGFβ1 levels in all three patient groups than in the healthy subjects (21.4 ± 8.86 vs 19.1 ± 9.03 vs 20.7±11.5 vs 15.8 ± 7.2 ng/ml; P=0.032). Moreover, TGFβ1 levels were significantly higher in patients with macroprolactinomas and invasive prolactinomas than in those with microprolactinomas and noninvasive tumors respectively. In addition, a strong positive linear relationship between TGFβ1 levels and invasiveness score (ρ=0.924; P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between TGFβ1 levels and tumor volume (r=0.546; P<0.002) were observed in patients with invasive prolactinomas. By contrast, prolactin (PRL) levels exhibited a better correlation with tumor volume (r=0.721; P<0.001) than with invasiveness score (ρ=0.436; P<0.020). No significant difference was observed in Fetuin A levels between patients with FVHD and healthy controls. Results concerning MMP2 were unclear. CONCLUSIONS TGFβ1, MMP2, and Fetuin A are not reliable biomarkers for valvular fibrosis and calcification in DA-treated patients with prolactinomas, but TGFβ1 may represent a useful serum marker for tumor invasiveness. The simultaneous determination of TGFβ1 and PRL levels could improve the noninvasive assessment of prolactinoma behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska Elenkova
- Clinical Centre of Endocrinology, USHATE Acad Ivan Pentchev, Medical University, 2 Zdrave Street, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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44
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Prunier F, Terrien G, Le Corre Y, Apana ALY, Bière L, Kauffenstein G, Furber A, Bergen AAB, Gorgels TGMF, Le Saux O, Leftheriotis G, Martin L. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: cardiac findings in patients and Abcc6-deficient mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68700. [PMID: 23935882 PMCID: PMC3720798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene, is a rare multiorgan disease characterized by the mineralization and fragmentation of elastic fibers in connective tissue. Cardiac complications reportedly associated with PXE are mainly based on case reports. Methods A cohort of 67 PXE patients was prospectively assessed. Patients underwent physical examination, electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), treadmill testing, and perfusion myocardial scintigraphy (SPECT). Additionally, the hearts of a PXE mouse models (Abcc6−/−) and wild-type controls (WT) were analyzed. Results Three patients had a history of proven coronary artery disease. In total, 40 patients underwent exercise treadmill tests, and 28 SPECT. The treadmill tests were all negative. SPECT showed mild perfusion abnormalities in two patients. Mean left ventricular (LV) dimension and function values were within the normal range. LV hypertrophy was found in 7 (10.4%) patients, though the hypertrophy etiology was unknown for 3 of those patients. Echocardiography revealed frequent but insignificant mitral and tricuspid valvulopathies. Mitral valve prolapse was present in 3 patients (4.5%). Two patients exhibited significant aortic stenosis (3.0%). While none of the functional and histological parameters diverged significantly between the Abcc6−/− and WT mice groups at age of 6 and 12 months, the 24-month-old Abcc6−/− mice developed cardiac hypertrophy without contractile dysfunction. Conclusions Despite sporadic cases, PXE does not appear to be associated with frequent cardiac complications. However, the development of cardiac hypertrophy in the 24-month-old Abcc6−/− mice suggests that old PXE patients might be prone to developing late cardiopathy.
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45
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Mohamed BA, Yang W, Litt H, Rosas SE. Valvular calcification, inflammation, and mortality in dialysis patients. J Heart Valve Dis 2013; 22:584-590. [PMID: 24224425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The study aim was to determine the correlates of valvular calcification (VC), including clinical and physiologic parameters, in individuals new to dialysis. In addition, the association of VC with coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression and mortality was investigated. METHODS A total of 101 incident dialysis individuals underwent electrocardiogram-triggered multislice computed tomography (CT) to monitor the presence and quantification of calcification. The average follow up was 2.85 +/- 0.72 years. RESULTS Twenty-six (25.7%) patients had only one valve calcified, while 10 (9.9%) had calcifications in both valves. Patients with VC were older, more likely to have a history of diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD), more likely to have CAC, and to be Caucasian; fibrinogen and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were also higher in these patients. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis revealed older age, history of CVD, increasing fibrinogen, and presence of CAC were independently associated with the presence of VC. Patients with VC also had a higher median annualized CAC progression compared to those without VC (2.90 versus 105.2, p = 0.004). The mortality rate per 100 years was 2.57 in patients without VC, compared to 4.20 and 13.76, respectively, for those with one or two calcified valves. An increasing number of calcified valves was associated with a higher mortality after adjustment for gender and race [HR 2.2 (1.03-4.69), p = 0.04], but was not statistically significant after adjustment for inflammatory markers such as IL-6 or fibrinogen. CONCLUSION Traditional and novel risk factors are associated with the presence of VC, which is a risk marker for CAC progression and mortality in incident dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonita A Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
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46
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Heng WL, Seck T, Tay CP, Chua A, Song C, Lim CH, Lim YP. Homograft banking in Singapore: two years of cardiovascular tissue banking in Southeast Asia. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 14:187-94. [PMID: 22538986 PMCID: PMC3663252 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Established in 2008, the National Cardiovascular Homograft Bank (NCHB) has been instrumental in creating an available supply of cardiovascular tissues for implantation in Singapore. This article introduces its collaboration with Singapore General Hospital Skin Bank Unit. The procedure of homograft recovery, processing, cryopreservation and quality assurance are presented. Since its establishment, the NCHB has followed the guidelines set by the Ministry of Health Singapore and the American Association of Tissue Banks. A total of 57 homografts had been recovered and 40 homografts were determined to be suitable for clinical use. The most significant reasons for non-clinical use are positive microbiological culture or unsuitable graft condition. Crucial findings prompted reviews and implementation of new procedures to improve the safety of homograft recipients. These include (1) a change in antibiotic decontamination regime from penicillin and streptomycin to amikacin and vancomycin after a review and (2) mandating histopathogical examination since the discovery of cardiac sarcoidosis in a previously undiagnosed donor. Further, the NCHB also routinely performs dengue virus screening, for donors suspected of dengue infection. Cultural factors which affect the donation rate are also briefly explored. By 2010, 31 homografts had been implanted into recipients with congenital or acquired heart valve conditions. More than half of these recipients were children. Post-operative outcomes had been encouraging, with no report of adverse events attributed to implanted homografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Ling Heng
- National Cardiovascular Homograft Bank, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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47
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Iuzvyshyna OV. [The predictors of resistance to standard drug therapy in patients with hypertension and heart valve calcification]. Lik Sprava 2013:18-24. [PMID: 25095679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The article presents results of their research to identify predictors of resistance to drug therapy in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and heart valves calcifications (HVC). Presented prognostic scale for selecting patients at high risk of resistance to drug therapy, through regression analysis. Designed the certain prognostic algorithm that will provide an opportunity practitioners to properly build tactics of treatment in patients with EH and HVC.
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48
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Bertazzo S, Gentleman E, Cloyd KL, Chester AH, Yacoub MH, Stevens MM. Nano-analytical electron microscopy reveals fundamental insights into human cardiovascular tissue calcification. Nat Mater 2013; 12:576-83. [PMID: 23603848 PMCID: PMC5833942 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of calcified material in cardiovascular tissue is thought to involve cytochemical, extracellular matrix and systemic signals; however, its precise composition and nanoscale architecture remain largely unexplored. Using nano-analytical electron microscopy techniques, we examined valves, aortae and coronary arteries from patients with and without calcific cardiovascular disease and detected spherical calcium phosphate particles, regardless of the presence of calcific lesions. We also examined lesions after sectioning with a focused ion beam and found that the spherical particles are composed of highly crystalline hydroxyapatite that crystallographically and structurally differs from bone mineral. Taken together, these data suggest that mineralized spherical particles may play a fundamental role in calcific lesion formation. Their ubiquitous presence in varied cardiovascular tissues and from patients with a spectrum of diseases further suggests that lesion formation may follow a common process. Indeed, applying materials science techniques to ectopic and orthotopic calcification has great potential to lend critical insights into pathophysiological processes underlying calcific cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Bellasi A, Reiner M, Pétavy F, Goodman W, Floege J, Raggi P. Presence of valvular calcification predicts the response to cinacalcet: data from the ADVANCE study. J Heart Valve Dis 2013; 22:391-399. [PMID: 24151766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Cardiac valve calcification (CVC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) appear to be linked pathogenetically, and both are associated with a poor prognosis among patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis (CKD-5D). Little is known, however, about factors that affect the progression of CVC and CAC. METHODS A post-hoc analysis was performed of the ADVANCE study to assess whether patients with CVC are more prone to CAC progression, and whether CVC predicts the response to different treatments for secondary hyperparathyroidism. RESULTS Subjects were randomized to treatment with either cinacalcet and low doses of vitamin D analogs or larger, varying doses of vitamin D. Among 235 subjects, aortic valve or mitral valve calcification was detected in 108 (46%) and 118 (50%), respectively; 69 subjects (29%) had calcification of both valves. CVC was associated both with baseline CAC and CAC progression (p < 0.05). Subjects with aortic valve calcification who were treated with cinacalcet and low doses of vitamin D experienced less progression of CAC than subjects given larger, varying doses of vitamin D (adjusted OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.64). This effect was greater in subjects with larger CAC burden at baseline. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that CVC is a predictor of CAC progression and, potentially, of greater cardiovascular vulnerability. Treatment with cinacalcet combined with low doses of vitamin D slowed the progression of CAC compared to therapy using larger, varying doses of vitamin D.
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50
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Marwick TH, Narula J. The expanding frontier in valve imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:281-2. [PMID: 23489546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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