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Scharf F, Leal Silva RM, Morak M, Hastie A, Pickl JMA, Sendelbach K, Gebhard C, Locher M, Laner A, Steinke-Lange V, Koehler U, Holinski-Feder E, Wolf DA. Constitutional chromothripsis of the APC locus as a cause of genetic predisposition to colon cancer. J Med Genet 2021; 59:976-983. [PMID: 34911816 PMCID: PMC9554066 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Approximately 20% of patients with clinical familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) remain unsolved after molecular genetic analysis of the APC and other polyposis genes, suggesting additional pathomechanisms. Methods We applied multidimensional genomic analysis employing chromosomal microarray profiling, optical mapping, long-read genome and RNA sequencing combined with FISH and standard PCR of genomic and complementary DNA to decode a patient with an attenuated FAP that had remained unsolved by Sanger sequencing and multigene panel next-generation sequencing for years. Results We identified a complex 3.9 Mb rearrangement involving 14 fragments from chromosome 5q22.1q22.3 of which three were lost, 1 reinserted into chromosome 5 and 10 inserted into chromosome 10q21.3 in a seemingly random order and orientation thus fulfilling the major criteria of chromothripsis. The rearrangement separates APC promoter 1B from the coding ORF (open reading frame) thus leading to allele-specific downregulation of APC mRNA. The rearrangement also involves three additional genes implicated in the APC–Axin–GSK3B–β-catenin signalling pathway. Conclusions Based on comprehensive genomic analysis, we propose that constitutional chromothripsis dampening APC expression, possibly modified by additional APC–Axin–GSK3B–β-catenin pathway disruptions, underlies the patient’s clinical phenotype. The combinatorial approach we deployed provides a powerful tool set for deciphering unsolved familial polyposis and potentially other tumour syndromes and monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Morak
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Alex Hastie
- BioNano Genomics Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Laner
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Udo Koehler
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Holinski-Feder
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany .,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter A Wolf
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Germany .,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Trem2 Deletion Reduces Late-Stage Amyloid Plaque Accumulation, Elevates the Aβ42:Aβ40 Ratio, and Exacerbates Axonal Dystrophy and Dendritic Spine Loss in the PS2APP Alzheimer's Mouse Model. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1956-1974. [PMID: 31980586 PMCID: PMC7046459 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1871-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TREM2 is an Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene expressed in microglia. To study the role of Trem2 in a mouse model of β-amyloidosis, we compared PS2APP transgenic mice versus PS2APP mice lacking Trem2 (PS2APP;Trem2ko) at ages ranging from 4 to 22 months. Microgliosis was impaired in PS2APP;Trem2ko mice, with Trem2-deficient microglia showing compromised expression of proliferation/Wnt-related genes and marked accumulation of ApoE. TREM2 is an Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene expressed in microglia. To study the role of Trem2 in a mouse model of β-amyloidosis, we compared PS2APP transgenic mice versus PS2APP mice lacking Trem2 (PS2APP;Trem2ko) at ages ranging from 4 to 22 months. Microgliosis was impaired in PS2APP;Trem2ko mice, with Trem2-deficient microglia showing compromised expression of proliferation/Wnt-related genes and marked accumulation of ApoE. Plaque abundance was elevated in PS2APP;Trem2ko females at 6–7 months; but by 12 or 19–22 months of age, it was notably diminished in female and male PS2APP;Trem2ko mice, respectively. Across all ages, plaque morphology was more diffuse in PS2APP;Trem2ko brains, and the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio was elevated. The amount of soluble, fibrillar Aβ oligomers also increased in PS2APP;Trem2ko hippocampi. Associated with these changes, axonal dystrophy was exacerbated from 6 to 7 months onward in PS2APP;Trem2ko mice, notwithstanding the reduced plaque load at later ages. PS2APP;Trem2ko mice also exhibited more dendritic spine loss around plaque and more neurofilament light chain in CSF. Thus, aggravated neuritic dystrophy is a more consistent outcome of Trem2 deficiency than amyloid plaque load, suggesting that the microglial packing of Aβ into dense plaque is an important neuroprotective activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genetic studies indicate that TREM2 gene mutations confer increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We studied the effects of Trem2 deletion in the PS2APP mouse AD model, in which overproduction of Aβ peptide leads to amyloid plaque formation and associated neuritic dystrophy. Interestingly, neuritic dystrophies were intensified in the brains of Trem2-deficient mice, despite these mice displaying reduced plaque accumulation at later ages (12–22 months). Microglial clustering around plaques was impaired, plaques were more diffuse, and the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio and amount of soluble, fibrillar Aβ oligomers were elevated in Trem2-deficient brains. These results suggest that the Trem2-dependent compaction of Aβ into dense plaques is a protective microglial activity, limiting the exposure of neurons to toxic Aβ species.
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Vilariño-Güell C, Zimprich A, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Herculano B, Wang Z, Matesanz F, Urcelay E, Vandenbroeck K, Leyva L, Gris D, Massaad C, Quandt JA, Traboulsee AL, Encarnacion M, Bernales CQ, Follett J, Yee IM, Criscuoli MG, Deutschländer A, Reinthaler EM, Zrzavy T, Mascia E, Zauli A, Esposito F, Alcina A, Izquierdo G, Espino-Paisán L, Mena J, Antigüedad A, Urbaneja-Romero P, Ortega-Pinazo J, Song W, Sadovnick AD. Exome sequencing in multiple sclerosis families identifies 12 candidate genes and nominates biological pathways for the genesis of disease. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008180. [PMID: 31170158 PMCID: PMC6553700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss and neuronal dysfunction. Although the majority of patients do not present familial aggregation, Mendelian forms have been described. We performed whole-exome sequencing analysis in 132 patients from 34 multi-incident families, which nominated likely pathogenic variants for MS in 12 genes of the innate immune system that regulate the transcription and activation of inflammatory mediators. Rare missense or nonsense variants were identified in genes of the fibrinolysis and complement pathways (PLAU, MASP1, C2), inflammasome assembly (NLRP12), Wnt signaling (UBR2, CTNNA3, NFATC2, RNF213), nuclear receptor complexes (NCOA3), and cation channels and exchangers (KCNG4, SLC24A6, SLC8B1). These genes suggest a disruption of interconnected immunological and pro-inflammatory pathways as the initial event in the pathophysiology of familial MS, and provide the molecular and biological rationale for the chronic inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration observed in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- MS Unit and Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Herculano
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuencisla Matesanz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Urcelay
- Immunology Dept, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Leyva
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Denis Gris
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Charbel Massaad
- Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cell Signalisation—UMR-S 1124 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline A. Quandt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony L. Traboulsee
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary Encarnacion
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cecily Q. Bernales
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordan Follett
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Irene M. Yee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria G. Criscuoli
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela Deutschländer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Eva M. Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabetta Mascia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Zauli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Alcina
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura Espino-Paisán
- Immunology Dept, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mena
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alfredo Antigüedad
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, S/N, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Patricia Urbaneja-Romero
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Ortega-Pinazo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A. Dessa Sadovnick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Zhou T, Thung KH, Liu M, Shen D. Brain-Wide Genome-Wide Association Study for Alzheimer's Disease via Joint Projection Learning and Sparse Regression Model. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:165-175. [PMID: 29993426 PMCID: PMC6342004 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2824725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-wide and genome-wide association (BW-GWA) study is presented in this paper to identify the associations between the brain imaging phenotypes (i.e., regional volumetric measures) and the genetic variants [i.e., single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)] in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main challenges of this study include the data heterogeneity, complex phenotype-genotype associations, high-dimensional data (e.g., thousands of SNPs), and the existence of phenotype outliers. Previous BW-GWA studies, while addressing some of these challenges, did not consider the diagnostic label information in their formulations, thus limiting their clinical applicability. To address these issues, we present a novel joint projection and sparse regression model to discover the associations between the phenotypes and genotypes. Specifically, to alleviate the negative influence of data heterogeneity, we first map the genotypes into an intermediate imaging-phenotype-like space. Then, to better reveal the complex phenotype-genotype associations, we project both the mapped genotypes and the original imaging phenotypes into a diagnostic-label-guided joint feature space, where the intraclass projected points are constrained to be close to each other. In addition, we use l2,1-norm minimization on both the regression loss function and the transformation coefficient matrices, to reduce the effect of phenotype outliers and also to encourage sparse feature selections of both the genotypes and phenotypes. We evaluate our method using AD neuroimaging initiative dataset, and the results show that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in term of the average root-mean-square error of genome-to-phenotype predictions. Besides, the associated SNPs and brain regions identified in this study have also been shown in the previous AD-related studies, thus verifying the effectiveness and potential of our proposed method in AD pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ()
| | - Kim-Han Thung
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ()
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ()
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA, and also with the Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea ()
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5
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Wu J, Yu P, Jin X, Xu X, Li J, Li Z, Wang M, Wang T, Wu X, Jiang Y, Cai W, Mei J, Min Q, Xu Q, Zhou B, Guo H, Wang P, Zhou W, Hu Z, Li Y, Cai T, Wang Y, Xia K, Jiang YH, Sun ZS. Genomic landscapes of Chinese sporadic autism spectrum disorders revealed by whole-genome sequencing. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:527-538. [PMID: 30392784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we identified all classes of genomic variants from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) dataset of 32 Chinese trios with ASD, including de novo mutations, inherited variants, copy number variants (CNVs) and genomic structural variants. A higher mutation rate (Poisson test, P < 2.2 × 10-16) in exonic (1.37 × 10-8) and 3'-UTR regions (1.42 × 10-8) was revealed in comparison with that of whole genome (1.05 × 10-8). Using an integrated model, we identified 87 potentially risk genes (P < 0.01) from 4832 genes harboring various rare deleterious variants, including CHD8 and NRXN2, implying that the disorders may be in favor to multiple-hit. In particular, frequent rare inherited mutations of several microcephaly-associated genes (ASPM, WDR62, and ZNF335) were found in ASD. In chromosomal structure analyses, we found four de novo CNVs and one de novo chromosomal rearrangement event, including a de novo duplication of UBE3A-containing region at 15q11.2-q13.1, which causes Angelman syndrome and microcephaly, and a disrupted TNR due to de novo chromosomal translocation t(1; 5)(q25.1; q33.2). Taken together, our results suggest that abnormalities of centrosomal function and chromatin remodeling of the microcephaly-associated genes may be implicated in pathogenesis of ASD. Adoption of WGS as a new yet efficient technique to illustrate the full genetic spectrum in complex disorders, such as ASD, could provide novel insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiu Xu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhongshan Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xueli Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wanshi Cai
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junpu Mei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qingjie Min
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | | | - Tao Cai
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Chiarella SE, Rabin EE, Ostilla LA, Flozak AS, Gottardi CJ. αT-catenin: A developmentally dispensable, disease-linked member of the α-catenin family. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1463896. [PMID: 29746206 PMCID: PMC6179130 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1463896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Catenins are actin-filament binding proteins and critical subunits of the cadherin-catenin cell-cell adhesive complex. They are found in nominally-defined epithelial (E), neural (N), and testis (T) forms transcribed from three distinct genes. While most of α-catenin research has focused on the developmentally essential founding member, αE-catenin, this review discusses recent studies on αT-catenin (CTNNA3), a developmentally dispensable isoform that is emerging as relevant to cardiac, allergic and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. Chiarella
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Erik E. Rabin
- Department of Medicine
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Lorena A. Ostilla
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Annette S. Flozak
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Medicine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Folmsbee SS, Wilcox DR, Tyberghein K, De Bleser P, Tourtellotte WG, van Hengel J, van Roy F, Gottardi CJ. αT-catenin in restricted brain cell types and its potential connection to autism. J Mol Psychiatry 2016; 4:2. [PMID: 27330745 PMCID: PMC4915096 DOI: 10.1186/s40303-016-0017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genetic association studies have linked the cadherin-based adherens junction protein alpha-T-catenin (αT-cat, CTNNA3) with the development of autism. Where αT-cat is expressed in the brain, and how its loss could contribute to this disorder, are entirely unknown. METHODS We used the αT-cat knockout mouse to examine the localization of αT-cat in the brain, and we used histology and immunofluorescence analysis to examine the neurobiological consequences of its loss. RESULTS We found that αT-cat comprises the ependymal cell junctions of the ventricles of the brain, and its loss led to compensatory upregulation of αE-cat expression. Notably, αT-cat was not detected within the choroid plexus, which relies on cell junction components common to typical epithelial cells. While αT-cat was not detected in neurons of the cerebral cortex, it was abundantly detected within neuronal structures of the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Although αT-cat loss led to no overt differences in cerebral or cerebellar structure, RNA-sequencing analysis from wild type versus knockout cerebella identified a number of disease-relevant signaling pathways associated with αT-cat loss, such as GABA-A receptor activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise the possibility that the genetic associations between αT-cat and autism may be due to ependymal and cerebellar defects, and highlight the potential importance of a seemingly redundant adherens junction component to a neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sai Folmsbee
- />Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />The Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron St., McGaw Pavilion, M-323, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Douglas R. Wilcox
- />Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />The Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron St., McGaw Pavilion, M-323, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Koen Tyberghein
- />Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- />Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Bleser
- />Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- />Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Warren G. Tourtellotte
- />Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />The Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron St., McGaw Pavilion, M-323, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- />Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- />Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- />Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- />Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- />Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- />Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />The Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 East Huron St., McGaw Pavilion, M-323, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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8
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Deng J, Yu W, Yu Y. Polymorphisms of CHAT but not TFAM or VR22 are Associated with Alzheimer Disease Risk. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1924-35. [PMID: 27272392 PMCID: PMC4917321 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is one of the most prevalent health problems among seniors. The cause of AD has not yet been elucidated, but many risk factors have been identified that might contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of AD. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies involving CHAT, TFAM, and VR22 polymorphisms and AD susceptibility to further understand the pathogenesis of AD. Material/Methods PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. Rs1880676, rs2177369, rs3810950, and rs868750 of CHAT; rs1937 and rs2306604 of TFAM; and rs10997691 and rs7070570 of VR22 are studied in this meta-analysis. Results A total of 51 case-control studies with 16 446 cases and 16 057 controls were enrolled. For CHAT, rs2177369 (G>A) in whites and rs3810950 (G>A) in Asians were found to be associated with AD susceptibility. No association was detected between rs1880676 and rs868750 and AD risk. For TFAM and VR22, no significant association was detected in studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Conclusions Rs2177369 and rs3810950 of CHAT are associated with AD susceptibility, but rs1880676 and rs868750 are not. Rs1937 and rs2306604 of TFAM, and rs10997691 and rs7070570 of VR22 are not significantly associated with AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jinghua Deng
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wenbing Yu
- Fundamental Teaching Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yunxia Yu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Haiyang City, Haiyang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Abstract
In recent years good progress has been made in uncovering the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia. Even so, as a polygenic disorder, schizophrenia has a complex etiology that is far from understood. Meanwhile data are being collected enabling the study of interactions between genes and the environment. A confluence of data from genetic and environmental exposure studies points to the role of infections and immunity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In a recent study by Børglum et al., a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene CTNNA3 was identified that may provide clues to gene-environment interactions. The carriers of the minor allele for the SNP had a 5 fold risk of later developing schizophrenia if their mothers were CMV positive, while the children not carrying the allele had no excess risk from maternal CMV. In the current paper we summarize recent advances to clarify possible mechanism of such interactions between the host genotype and infection in schizophrenia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Brad D. Pearce
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
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10
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Bacchelli E, Ceroni F, Pinto D, Lomartire S, Giannandrea M, D'Adamo P, Bonora E, Parchi P, Tancredi R, Battaglia A, Maestrini E. A CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion implicates a role for αT-catenin in susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2014; 6:17. [PMID: 25050139 PMCID: PMC4104741 DOI: 10.1186/1866-1955-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable, neurodevelopmental condition showing extreme genetic heterogeneity. While it is well established that rare genetic variation, both de novo and inherited, plays an important role in ASD risk, recent studies also support a rare recessive contribution. Methods We identified a compound heterozygous deletion intersecting the CTNNA3 gene, encoding αT-catenin, in a proband with ASD and moderate intellectual disability. The deletion breakpoints were mapped at base-pair resolution, and segregation analysis was performed. We compared the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions in 2,147 ASD cases from the Autism Genome Project (AGP) study versus the frequency in 6,639 controls. Western blot analysis was performed to get a quantitative characterisation of Ctnna3 expression during early brain development in mouse. Results The CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion includes a coding exon, leading to a putative frameshift and premature stop codon. Segregation analysis in the family showed that the unaffected sister is heterozygote for the deletion, having only inherited the paternal deletion. While the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions is not significantly different between ASD cases and controls, no homozygous or compound heterozygous exonic deletions were found in a sample of over 6,000 controls. Expression analysis of Ctnna3 in the mouse cortex and hippocampus (P0-P90) provided support for its role in the early stage of brain development. Conclusion The finding of a rare compound heterozygous CTNNA3 exonic deletion segregating with ASD, the absence of CTNNA3 homozygous exonic deletions in controls and the high expression of Ctnna3 in both brain areas analysed implicate CTNNA3 in ASD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ceroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA ; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA ; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Silvia Lomartire
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Maila Giannandrea
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Adamo
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Milan 20132, Italy ; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna 40139, Italy ; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa 56128, Italy
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa 56128, Italy
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, Bologna 40126, Italy
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11
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Børglum AD, Demontis D, Grove J, Pallesen J, Hollegaard MV, Pedersen CB, Hedemand A, Mattheisen M, Uitterlinden A, Nyegaard M, Ørntoft T, Wiuf C, Didriksen M, Nordentoft M, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Ophoff RA, Cichon S, Yolken RH, Hougaard DM, Mortensen PB, Mors O. Genome-wide study of association and interaction with maternal cytomegalovirus infection suggests new schizophrenia loci. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:325-33. [PMID: 23358160 PMCID: PMC3932405 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental components as well as their interaction contribute to the risk of schizophrenia, making it highly relevant to include environmental factors in genetic studies of schizophrenia. This study comprises genome-wide association (GWA) and follow-up analyses of all individuals born in Denmark since 1981 and diagnosed with schizophrenia as well as controls from the same birth cohort. Furthermore, we present the first genome-wide interaction survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The GWA analysis included 888 cases and 882 controls, and the follow-up investigation of the top GWA results was performed in independent Danish (1396 cases and 1803 controls) and German-Dutch (1169 cases, 3714 controls) samples. The SNPs most strongly associated in the single-marker analysis of the combined Danish samples were rs4757144 in ARNTL (P=3.78 × 10(-6)) and rs8057927 in CDH13 (P=1.39 × 10(-5)). Both genes have previously been linked to schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorders. The strongest associated SNP in the combined analysis, including Danish and German-Dutch samples, was rs12922317 in RUNDC2A (P=9.04 × 10(-7)). A region-based analysis summarizing independent signals in segments of 100 kb identified a new region-based genome-wide significant locus overlapping the gene ZEB1 (P=7.0 × 10(-7)). This signal was replicated in the follow-up analysis (P=2.3 × 10(-2)). Significant interaction with maternal CMV infection was found for rs7902091 (P(SNP × CMV)=7.3 × 10(-7)) in CTNNA3, a gene not previously implicated in schizophrenia, stressing the importance of including environmental factors in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Grove
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Pallesen
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M V Hollegaard
- Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C B Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Hedemand
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - GROUP investigators
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- For a full list of members, see Appendix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Mathematical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Synaptic transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Manheim, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - C Wiuf
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Mathematical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Didriksen
- Synaptic transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - M Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Manheim, Germany
| | - R A Ophoff
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - R H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D M Hougaard
- Section of Neonatal Screening and Hormones, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O Mors
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
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LRRTM3 interacts with APP and BACE1 and has variants associating with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). PLoS One 2013; 8:e64164. [PMID: 23750206 PMCID: PMC3672107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine rich repeat transmembrane protein 3 (LRRTM3) is member of a synaptic protein family. LRRTM3 is a nested gene within α-T catenin (CTNNA3) and resides at the linkage peak for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) risk and plasma amyloid β (Aβ) levels. In-vitro knock-down of LRRTM3 was previously shown to decrease secreted Aβ, although the mechanism of this is unclear. In SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing APP and transiently transfected with LRRTM3 alone or with BACE1, we showed that LRRTM3 co-localizes with both APP and BACE1 in early endosomes, where BACE1 processing of APP occurs. Additionally, LRRTM3 co-localizes with APP in primary neuronal cultures from Tg2576 mice transduced with LRRTM3-expressing adeno-associated virus. Moreover, LRRTM3 co-immunoprecipitates with both endogenous APP and overexpressed BACE1, in HEK293T cells transfected with LRRTM3. SH-SY5Y cells with knock-down of LRRTM3 had lower BACE1 and higher CTNNA3 mRNA levels, but no change in APP. Brain mRNA levels of LRRTM3 showed significant correlations with BACE1, CTNNA3 and APP in ∼400 humans, but not in LRRTM3 knock-out mice. Finally, we assessed 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within and flanking LRRTM3 in 1,567 LOADs and 2,082 controls and identified 8 SNPs within a linkage disequilibrium block encompassing 5′UTR-Intron 1 of LRRTM3 that formed multilocus genotypes (MLG) with suggestive global association with LOAD risk (p = 0.06), and significant individual MLGs. These 8 SNPs were genotyped in an independent series (1,258 LOADs and 718 controls) and had significant global and individual MLG associations in the combined dataset (p = 0.02–0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that protein interactions between LRRTM3, APP and BACE1, as well as complex associations between mRNA levels of LRRTM3, CTNNA3, APP and BACE1 in humans might influence APP metabolism and ultimately risk of AD.
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13
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Alarcón MA, Medina MA, Hu Q, Avila ME, Bustos BI, Pérez-Palma E, Peralta A, Salazar P, Ugarte GD, Reyes AE, Martin GM, Opazo C, Moon RT, De Ferrari GV. A novel functional low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 gene alternative splice variant is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1709.e9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Reitz C, Conrad C, Roszkowski K, Rogers RS, Mayeux R. Effect of genetic variation in LRRTM3 on risk of Alzheimer disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 69:894-900. [PMID: 22393166 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 3 (LRRTM3) in late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) by independent genetic epidemiologic and functional studies. METHODS First, we explored associations between LRRTM3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and AD in the National Institute on Aging Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease case-control data set (993 patients and 884 control subjects) and a cohort of Caribbean Hispanics (549 patients and 544 controls) using single-marker and haplotype analyses. Then we explored the effect of LRRTM3 small-hairpin RNAs on amyloid precursor protein processing. RESULTS One single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region (rs16923760; C allele: odds ratio, -0.74, P=.03), and a block of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 2 (rs1925608, C allele: 0.84, P=.04; rs7082306, A allele: 0.75, P=.04; rs1925609, T allele: 1.2, P=.03; and rs10997477, T allele: 0.88, P=.05) were associated with AD in the National Institute on Aging Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease data set or the Caribbean Hispanic data set. The corresponding haplotypes were also associated with AD risk (.01 < P < .05). In addition, LRRTM3 knockdown with small-hairpin RNAs caused a significant decrease in amyloid precursor protein processing (P < .05 to P < .01) compared with the scrambled small-hairpin RNA condition. CONCLUSIONS These complementary findings support the notions that genetic variation in LRRTM3 is associated with AD risk and that LRRTM3 may modulate γ-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the specific alleles associated with differential risk for AD indeed confer this risk through an effect of LRRTM3 expression levels that in turn modulates amyloid precursor protein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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15
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A Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis screen reveals a tumor suppressor role for Ncoa2/Src-2 in liver cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E1377-86. [PMID: 22556267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115433109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis system is a powerful tool that facilitates the discovery of mutations that accelerate tumorigenesis. In this study, we sought to identify mutations that cooperate with MYC, one of the most commonly dysregulated genes in human malignancy. We performed a forward genetic screen with a mouse model of MYC-induced liver cancer using SB-mediated mutagenesis. We sequenced insertions in 63 liver tumor nodules and identified at least 16 genes/loci that contribute to accelerated tumor development. RNAi-mediated knockdown in a liver progenitor cell line further validate three of these genes, Ncoa2/Src-2, Zfx, and Dtnb, as tumor suppressors in liver cancer. Moreover, deletion of Ncoa2/Src-2 in mice predisposes to diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis. These findings reveal genes and pathways that functionally restrain MYC-mediated liver tumorigenesis and therefore may provide targets for cancer therapy.
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16
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Tyberghein K, Goossens S, Haigh JJ, van Roy F, van Hengel J. Tissue-wide overexpression of alpha-T-catenin results in aberrant trophoblast invasion but does not cause embryonic mortality in mice. Placenta 2012; 33:554-60. [PMID: 22534068 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of CTNNA3, encoding αT-catenin, by the Y153H mutated form of the human STOX1 transcription factor was proposed to be responsible for altered fetal trophoblast invasion into the maternal endometrium during placentation in pre-eclampsia. Here we have generated a mouse model to investigate the in vivo effects of ectopic αT-catenin expression on trophoblast invasion. Histological analysis was used to determine the invasive capacities of trophoblasts from transgenic embryos, as well as proliferation rates of spongiotrophoblasts in the junctional zone. Augmented expression of αT-catenin reduced the number of invading trophoblasts but did not cause embryonic mortality. The, αT-catenin positive cells could still invade into the decidual layer and migrated as deeply as wild-type trophoblasts. Furthermore, the junctional zone is enlarged in placentas of mice overexpressing αT-catenin due to hyperproliferation of the residing spongiotrophoblasts, suggesting a pivotal role of αT-catenin levels in the control of the proliferative versus invasive state of trophoblasts during placentation. Our study provides, for the first time, in vivo data on the effects of increased levels of αT-catenin in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tyberghein
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Smith JD, Meehan MH, Crean J, McCann A. Alpha T-catenin (CTNNA3): a gene in the hand is worth two in the nest. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2493-8. [PMID: 21598020 PMCID: PMC11114981 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-T-Catenin (CTNNA3) is a key protein of the adherens junctional complex in epithelial cells playing a crucial role in cellular adherence. What makes this gene particularly interesting is that it is located within a common fragile site, is epigenetically regulated, is transcribed through multiple promoters, and generates a variety of alternate transcripts. Finally, CTNNA3 has a nested gene (LRTMM3) embedded within its genomic context transcribed in the opposite direction. Apart from the complexity of its regulation, alterations in both CTNNA3 and LRTMM3 are implicated in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Smith
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (UCD SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maria H. Meehan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (UCD SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John Crean
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences (UCD SBBS), University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science (UCD SMMS), University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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AKHABIR LOUBNA, SANDFORD ANDREWJ. Genome-wide association studies for discovery of genes involved in asthma. Respirology 2011; 16:396-406. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.01939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Edwards TL, Pericak-Vance M, Gilbert J, Haines JL, Martin E, Ritchie MD. An association analysis of Alzheimer disease candidate genes detects an ancestral risk haplotype clade in ACE and putative multilocus association between ACE, A2M, and LRRTM3. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:721-35. [PMID: 19105203 PMCID: PMC2821734 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of progressive dementia in the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the neuropathologic findings of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques that accumulate in vulnerable brain regions. AD etiology has been studied by many groups, but since the discovery of the APOE epsilon4 allele, no further genes have been mapped conclusively to late-onset AD (LOAD). In this study, we examined genetic association with LOAD susceptibility in 738 Caucasian families (4,704 individuals) and an independent case-control dataset with 296 cases and 566 controls exploring 11 candidate genes (47 SNPs common to both samples). In addition to tests for main effects and haplotypes, the MDR-PDT was used to search for gene-gene interactions in the family data. We observed significant haplotype effects in ACE in family and case-control samples using standard and cladistic haplotype models. ACE was also part of significant 2 and 3-locus MDR-PDT joint effects models with Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2M), which mediates the clearance of Abeta, and Leucine-Rich Repeat Transmembrane-3 (LRRTM3), a nested gene in Alpha-3 Catenin (CTNNA3) which binds Presenilin-1. This result did not replicate in the case-control sample, and may not be a true positive. These genes are related to Abeta clearance; thus this constellation of effects might constitute an axis of susceptibility for LOAD. The consistent ACE haplotype result between independent family-based and unrelated case-control datasets is strong evidence in favor of ACE as a susceptibility locus for AD, and replicates results from several other studies in a large sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L. Edwards
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Johnny Gilbert
- Center for Genome Technology, Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eden Martin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Miami Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kim SH, Cho BY, Park CS, Shin ES, Cho EY, Yang EM, Kim CW, Hong CS, Lee JE, Park HS. Alpha-T-catenin (CTNNA3) gene was identified as a risk variant for toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma by genome-wide association analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:203-12. [PMID: 19187332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is the most important cause of occupational asthma, but the genetic mechanism of TDI-induced asthma is still unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify susceptibility alleles associated with the TDI-induced asthma phenotype. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study in 84 patients with TDI-induced asthma and 263 unexposed healthy normal controls using Affymetrix 500K SNPchip. We also investigated the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and transcript levels in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with TDI-induced asthma enrolled in this study. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms of CTNNA3 (catenin alpha 3, alpha-T catenin) were significantly associated with the TDI-induced asthma phenotype (5.84 x 10(-6) for rs10762058, 1.41 x 10(-5) for rs7088181, 2.03 x 10(-5) for rs4378283). Carriers with the minor haplotype, HT2 [GG], of two genetic polymorphisms (rs10762058 and rs7088181) showed significantly lower PC(20) methacholine level (P=0.041) and lower mRNA expression of CTNNA3 than non-carriers (P=0.040). A genetic polymorphism in the 3' downstream region of CTNNA3 (rs1786929), as identified by DNA direct sequencing, was significantly associated with the TDI-induced asthma phenotype (P=0.015 in recessive analysis model) and the prevalence of serum-specific IgG to cytokeratin 19 (P=0.031). CONCLUSION These findings suggested that multiple genetic polymorphisms of CTNNA3 may be determinants of susceptibility to TDI-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Kim
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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21
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Morgan AR, Hamilton G, Turic D, Jehu L, Harold D, Abraham R, Hollingworth P, Moskvina V, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Lynch A, Lawlor B, Gill M, O'Donovan M, Powell J, Lovestone S, Williams J, Owen MJ. Association analysis of 528 intra-genic SNPs in a region of chromosome 10 linked to late onset Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:727-31. [PMID: 18163421 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a genetically complex neurodegenerative disorder. Currently, only the epsilon4 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene has been identified unequivocally as a genetic susceptibility factor for LOAD. Others remain to be found. In 2002 we observed genome-wide significant evidence of linkage to a region on chromosome 10q11.23-q21.3 [Myers et al. (2002) Am J Med Genet 114:235-244]. Our objective in this study was to test every gene within the maximum LOD-1 linkage region, for association with LOAD. We obtained results for 528 SNPs from 67 genes, with an average density of 1 SNP every 10 kb within the genes. We demonstrated nominally significant association with LOAD for 4 SNPs: rs1881747 near DKK1 (P = 0.011, OR = 1.24), rs2279420 in ANK3 (P = 0.022, OR = 0.79), rs2306402 in CTNNA3 (P = 0.024, OR = 1.18), and rs5030882 in CXXC6 (P = 0.046, OR = 1.29) in 1,160 cases and 1,389 controls. These results would not survive correction for multiple testing but warrant attempts at confirmation in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Morgan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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22
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetics may be one of the most prolifically published areas in medicine and biology. Three early-onset AD genes with causative mutations (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2) and one late-onset AD susceptibility gene, apolipoprotein E (APOE), exist with ample biologic, genetic, and epidemiologic data. Evidence suggests a significant genetic component underlying AD that is not explained by the known genetic risk factors. This article summarizes the evidence for the genetic component in AD and the identification of the early-onset familial AD genes and APOE, and examines the current state of knowledge about additional AD susceptibility loci and alleles. The future directions for genetic research in AD as a common and complex condition are also discussed.
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23
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Miyashita A, Arai H, Asada T, Imagawa M, Matsubara E, Shoji M, Higuchi S, Urakami K, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Toyabe S, Akazawa K, Kanazawa I, Ihara Y, Kuwano R. Genetic association of CTNNA3 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in females. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2854-69. [PMID: 17761686 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in the elderly, was found to exhibit a trend toward a higher risk in females than in males through epidemiological studies. Therefore, we hypothesized that gender-related genetic risks could exist. To reveal the ones for late-onset AD (LOAD), we extended our previous genetic work on chromosome 10q (genomic region, 60-107 Mb), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genetic association analyses were performed on the same chromosomal region, where the existence of genetic risk factors for plasma Abeta42 elevation in LOAD was implied on a linkage analysis. Two-step screening of 1140 SNPs was carried out using a total of 1408 subjects with the APOE-epsilon3*3 genotype: we first genotyped an exploratory sample set (LOAD, 363; control, 337), and then genotyped some associated SNPs in a validation sample set (LOAD, 336; control, 372). Seven SNPs, spanning about 38 kb, in intron 9 of CTNNA3 were found to show multiple-hit association with LOAD in females, and exhibited more significant association on Mantel-Haenszel test (allelic P-values(MH-F) = 0.000005945-0.0007658). Multiple logistic regression analysis of a total of 2762 subjects (LOAD, 1313; controls, 1449) demonstrated that one of the seven SNPs directly interacted with the female gender, but not with the male gender. Furthermore, we found that this SNP exhibited no interaction with the APOE-epsilon4 allele. Our data suggest that CTNNA3 may affect LOAD through a female-specific mechanism independent of the APOE-epsilon4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Miyashita
- Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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24
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Goossens S, Janssens B, Bonné S, De Rycke R, Braet F, van Hengel J, van Roy F. A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:2126-36. [PMID: 17535849 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.004713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-catenins play key functional roles in cadherin-catenin cell-cell adhesion complexes. We previously reported on alphaT-catenin, a novel member of the alpha-catenin protein family. alphaT-catenin is expressed predominantly in cardiomyocytes, where it colocalizes with alphaE-catenin at the intercalated discs. Whether alphaT- and alphaE-catenin have specific or synergistic functions remains unknown. In this study we used the yeast two-hybrid approach to identify specific functions of alphaT-catenin. An interaction between alphaT-catenin and plakophilins was observed and subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization. Interaction with the amino-terminal part of plakophilins appeared to be specific for the central ;adhesion-modulation' domain of alphaT-catenin. In addition, we showed, by immuno-electron microscopy, that desmosomal proteins in the heart localize not only to the desmosomes in the intercalated discs but also at adhering junctions with hybrid composition. We found that in the latter junctions, endogenous plakophilin-2 colocalizes with alphaT-catenin. By providing an extra link between the cadherin-catenin complex and intermediate filaments, the binding of alphaT-catenin to plakophilin-2 is proposed to be a means of modulating and strengthening cell-cell adhesion between cardiac muscle cells. This could explain the devastating effect of plakophilin-2 mutations on cell junction stability in intercalated discs, which lead to cardiac muscle malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Goossens
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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De Ferrari GV, Papassotiropoulos A, Biechele T, Wavrant De-Vrieze F, Avila ME, Major MB, Myers A, Sáez K, Henríquez JP, Zhao A, Wollmer MA, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Morris CM, Hardy J, Moon RT. Common genetic variation within the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9434-9. [PMID: 17517621 PMCID: PMC1890512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603523104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide linkage studies have defined a broad susceptibility region for late-onset Alzheimer's disease on chromosome 12, which contains the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 (LRP6) gene, a coreceptor for Wnt signaling. Here, we report the association between common LRP6 variants and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in a multicenter case-control series as well as in a large family-based series ascertained by the National Institute of Mental Health-National Institute on Aging Genetics Initiative. As shown in the genome-wide linkage studies, our association depends mainly on apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 (APOE-epsilon4) carrier status. Haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a set of seven allelic variants of LRP6 identified a putative risk haplotype, which includes a highly conserved coding sequence SNP: Ile-1062 --> Val. Functional analyses revealed that the associated allele Val-1062, an allele previously linked to low bone mass, has decreased beta-catenin signaling in HEK293T cells. Our study unveils a genetic relationship between LRP6 and APOE and supports the hypothesis that altered Wnt/beta-catenin signaling may be involved in this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- Departamentos de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular Psychology and Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Travis Biechele
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Fabienne Wavrant De-Vrieze
- **Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | - Michael B. Major
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Amanda Myers
- **Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | - Juan P. Henríquez
- Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C Concepción 4089100, Chile
| | - Alice Zhao
- **Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - M. Axel Wollmer
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris M. Morris
- Institute for Aging and Health, MRC Building, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE4 6BE, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- **Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Randall T. Moon
- *Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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26
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Pesaresi M, Batelli S, Prato F, Polito L, Lovati C, Scarpini E, Quadri P, Mariani C, Albani D, Forloni G. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator polymorphism PLAU_1 is a risk factor for APOE-ε4 non-carriers in the Italian Alzheimer’s disease population and does not affect the plasma Aβ(1–42) level. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 25:609-13. [PMID: 17174555 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia in the elderly. A non-conservative polymorphism in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene (PLAU_1=RS2227564) has been analyzed, but data are conflicting on whether it is a risk factor for AD. To clarify whether this genetic variant modifies AD risk in the Italian population, we ran a case-control association study on 192 AD and 126 age-matched controls. We did not find any association between PLAU_1 genotype and AD in the whole AD population, but when we stratified our sample by APOE-epsilon4 status, we found a significant association between PLAU_1 genotype (C/T+T/T) and APOE-epsilon4 negative AD subjects (p=0.02, chi(2)-test). The PLAU_1 genotype did not appear to affect the plasma Abeta42 concentration. Our data support a role for PLAU_1 as an independent genetic risk factor for AD in the Italian population for those subjects who do not have the APOE-epsilon4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pesaresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
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27
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Bertram L, Mullin K, Parkinson M, Hsiao M, Moscarillo TJ, Wagner SL, Becker KD, Velicelebi G, Blacker D, Tanzi RE. Is alpha-T catenin (VR22) an Alzheimer's disease risk gene? J Med Genet 2007; 44:e63. [PMID: 17209133 PMCID: PMC2597918 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.039263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, conflicting reports have been published on the potential role of genetic variants in the alpha-T catenin gene (VR22; CTNNA3) on the risk for Alzheimer's disease. In these papers, evidence for association is mostly observed in multiplex families with Alzheimer's disease, whereas case-control samples of sporadic Alzheimer's disease are predominantly negative. METHODS After sequencing VR22 in multiplex families with Alzheimer's disease linked to chromosome 10q21, we identified a novel non-synonymous (Ser596Asn; rs4548513) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). This and four non-coding SNPs were assessed in two independent samples of families with Alzheimer's disease, one with 1439 subjects from 437 multiplex families with Alzheimer's disease and the other with 489 subjects from 217 discordant sibships. RESULTS A weak association with the Ser596Asn SNP in the multiplex sample, predominantly in families with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.02), was observed. However, this association does not seem to contribute substantially to the chromosome 10 Alzheimer's disease linkage signal that we and others have reported previously. No evidence was found of association with any of the four additional SNPs tested in the multiplex families with Alzheimer's disease. Finally, the Ser596Asn change was not associated with the risk for Alzheimer's disease in the independent discordant sibship sample. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report evidence of an association between a potentially functional, non-synonymous SNP in VR22 and the risk for Alzheimer's disease. As the underlying effects are probably small, and are only seen in families with multiple affected members, the population-wide significance of this finding remains to be determined.
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28
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Abstract
In order to function properly, the brain must be wired correctly during critical periods in early development. Mistakes in this process are hypothesized to occur in disorders like autism and schizophrenia. Later in life, signaling pathways are essential in maintaining proper communication between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and disrupting this balance may result in disorders like Alzheimer's disease. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway has a well-established role in cancer. Here, we review recent evidence showing the involvement of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in neurodevelopment as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. We suggest that the onset/development of such pathological conditions may involve the additive effect of genetic variation within Wnt signaling components and of molecules that modulate the activity of this signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V De Ferrari
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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29
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Goossens S, Janssens B, Vanpoucke G, De Rycke R, van Hengel J, van Roy F. Truncated isoform of mouse αT‐catenin is testis‐restricted in expression and function. FASEB J 2006; 21:647-55. [PMID: 17185752 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-6066com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AlphaT-catenin is a recently identified member of the alpha-catenin family of cell-cell adhesion molecules. For decades it was thought that alpha-catenins mediate solid cell-cell adhesion by linking the cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion complex with the actin cytoskeleton. However, the roles of alpha-catenins in this classical adhesion model have been questioned recently. AlphaT-catenin has a restricted expression pattern, in contrast to the ubiquitously expressed alphaE-catenin. High levels of alphaT-catenin were detected in heart and testis. Northern and Western blot experiments indicated that besides the standard full-length alphaT-catenin transcript, smaller alternative transcripts are expressed in testis. We report the cloning of two alternative transcripts of the mouse alphaT-catenin gene (transcript-B and -X), both of which are expressed in a testis-restricted manner from two putative alternative promoters. Alternative transcript-X encodes a smaller protein, isoform-X, which lacks the amino-terminal beta-catenin binding domain of the standard mouse alphaT-catenin protein, and is therefore unable to restore cell-cell adhesion in an alpha-catenin-negative colon carcinoma cell line. Immunohistochemical analysis showed specific localization of the alphaT-catenin isoform-X in the differentiating germ cells. In contrast to the standard full-length alphaT-catenin protein, this shortened isoform-X can bind to l-afadin, an important component of the nectin/afadin/ponsin adhesion complex that reportedly is essential for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Goossens
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB-Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Bierut LJ, Madden PAF, Breslau N, Johnson EO, Hatsukami D, Pomerleau OF, Swan GE, Rutter J, Bertelsen S, Fox L, Fugman D, Goate AM, Hinrichs AL, Konvicka K, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Saccone NL, Saccone SF, Wang JC, Chase GA, Rice JP, Ballinger DG. Novel genes identified in a high-density genome wide association study for nicotine dependence. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 16:24-35. [PMID: 17158188 PMCID: PMC2278047 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is a leading contributor to disability and death worldwide, and genetic factors contribute in part to the development of nicotine dependence. To identify novel genes for which natural variation contributes to the development of nicotine dependence, we performed a comprehensive genome wide association study using nicotine dependent smokers as cases and non-dependent smokers as controls. To allow the efficient, rapid, and cost effective screen of the genome, the study was carried out using a two-stage design. In the first stage, genotyping of over 2.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was completed in case and control pools. In the second stage, we selected SNPs for individual genotyping based on the most significant allele frequency differences between cases and controls from the pooled results. Individual genotyping was performed in 1050 cases and 879 controls using 31 960 selected SNPs. The primary analysis, a logistic regression model with covariates of age, gender, genotype and gender by genotype interaction, identified 35 SNPs with P-values less than 10(-4) (minimum P-value 1.53 x 10(-6)). Although none of the individual findings is statistically significant after correcting for multiple tests, additional statistical analyses support the existence of true findings in this group. Our study nominates several novel genes, such as Neurexin 1 (NRXN1), in the development of nicotine dependence while also identifying a known candidate gene, the beta3 nicotinic cholinergic receptor. This work anticipates the future directions of large-scale genome wide association studies with state-of-the-art methodological approaches and sharing of data with the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jean Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, Box 8134, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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31
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Meza-Zepeda LA, Kresse SH, Barragan-Polania AH, Bjerkehagen B, Ohnstad HO, Namløs HM, Wang J, Kristiansen BE, Myklebost O. Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Reveals Distinct DNA Copy Number Differences between Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Leiomyosarcomas. Cancer Res 2006; 66:8984-93. [PMID: 16982739 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas are spindle cell tumors showing smooth muscle differentiation. Until recently, most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were also classified as smooth muscle tumors, but now GISTs are recognized as a separate entity, defined as spindle cell and/or epithelioid tumors localized in the gastrointestinal tract. Using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), we have created a detailed map of DNA copy number changes for 7 GISTs and 12 leiomyosarcomas. Considerable gains and losses of chromosomal segments were observed in both tumor types. The most frequent aberration observed in GISTs was loss of chromosomes 14 and 22, with minimal recurrent regions in 14q11.2-q32.33 (71% of the tumors) and 22q12.2-q13.31 (100%). In leiomyosarcomas, frequent loss of chromosome 10 and 13q was observed, with minimal recurrent regions in 10q21.3 (75%) and 13q14.2-q14.3 (75%). Recurrent high-level amplification of 17p13.1-p11.2 was detected in leiomyosarcomas. Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays revealed four candidate genes in this region with high expression (AURKB, SREBF1, MFAP4, and FLJ10847). Altered expression of AURKB and SREBF1 has been observed previously in other malignancies. Hierarchical clustering of all samples separated GISTs and leiomyosarcomas into two distinct clusters. Statistical analysis identified six chromosomal regions, 1p36.11-p13.1, 9q21.11-9q34.3, 14q11.2-q23.2, 14q31.3-q32.33, 15q24.3-q26.3, and 22q11.21-q13.31, which were significantly different in copy number between GISTs and leiomyosarcomas. Our results show the potential of using array comparative genomic hybridization to classify histologically similar tumors such as GISTs and leiomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Li Y, Grupe A, Rowland C, Nowotny P, Kauwe JSK, Smemo S, Hinrichs A, Tacey K, Toombs TA, Kwok S, Catanese J, White TJ, Maxwell TJ, Hollingworth P, Abraham R, Rubinsztein DC, Brayne C, Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Hardy J, O'Donovan M, Lovestone S, Morris JC, Thal LJ, Owen M, Williams J, Goate A. DAPK1 variants are associated with Alzheimer's disease and allele-specific expression. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2560-8. [PMID: 16847012 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). We tested gene-centric single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 9 and identified two SNPs in the death-associated protein kinase, DAPK1, that show significant association with LOAD. SNP rs4878104 was significantly associated with LOAD in our discovery case-control sample set (WU) and replicated in each of two initial validation case-control sample sets (P<0.05, UK1, SD). The risk-allele frequency of this SNP showed a similar direction in three other case-control sample sets. A meta-analysis of the six sample sets combined, totaling 2012 cases and 2336 controls, showed an allelic P-value of 0.0016 and an odds ratio (OR) of 0.87 (95%CI: 0.79-0.95). Minor allele homozygotes had a consistently lower risk than major allele homozygotes in the discovery and initial two replication sample sets, which remained significant in the meta-analysis of all six sample sets (OR=0.7, 95%CI: 0.58-0.85), whereas the risk for heterozygous subjects was not significantly different from that of major allele homozygotes. A second SNP, rs4877365, which is in high linkage disequilibrium with rs4878104 (r2=0.64), was also significantly associated with LOAD (meta P=0.0017 in the initial three sample sets). Furthermore, DAPK1 transcripts show differential allelic gene expression, and both rs4878104 and rs4877365 were significantly associated with DAPK1 allele-specific expression (P=0.015 to <0.0001). These data suggest that genetic variation in DAPK1 modulates susceptibility to LOAD.
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Kuwano R, Miyashita A, Arai H, Asada T, Imagawa M, Shoji M, Higuchi S, Urakami K, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Tsukie T, Toyabe S, Akazawa K, Kanazawa I, Ihara Y. Dynamin-binding protein gene on chromosome 10q is associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2170-82. [PMID: 16740596 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been consistently shown to be a major genetic risk factor; however, all cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cannot be attributed to the epsilon4 variant of APOE, because about half of AD patients have the APOE-epsilon3*3 genotype. To identify an additional genetic risk factor(s), we performed large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based association analysis of 1526 late-onset AD patients and 1666 control subjects in a Japanese population. We prepared two independent sets consisting of exploratory and validation samples, respectively, with only the APOE-epsilon3*3 genotype, and first carried out genotyping for the exploratory set with 1206 SNPs in the region between 60 and 107 Mb on chromosome 10q that is implicated by linkage studies as containing an AD susceptibility locus. Thirty-five SNPs that showed significant values (P<0.01) were followed-up to detect any association with the validation samples. Finally, six SNPs exhibited replicated significant associations (P=0.000035-0.00048) on meta-analysis of both sets. These SNPs were clustered in a locus spanning 220 kb at genomic position 101 Mb, and three of the six SNPs were located in the dynamin-binding protein (DNMBP) gene. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that neuropathologically confirmed AD brains exhibit a significant reduction of DNMBP mRNA compared with age-matched ones (P<0.0169). Thus, we confirmed the association of DNMBP with AD individuals with the APOE-epsilon3*3 genotype or lacking the epsilon4 allele, and DNMBP may be one of the susceptibility genes for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryozo Kuwano
- Genome Science Branch, Center for Bioresource-Based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Cellini E, Bagnoli S, Tedde A, Nacmias B, Piacentini S, Sorbi S. Insulin degrading enzyme and alpha-3 catenin polymorphisms in Italian patients with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2006; 19:246-7. [PMID: 16327352 DOI: 10.1097/01.wad.0000189030.50826.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Grupe A, Li Y, Rowland C, Nowotny P, Hinrichs AL, Smemo S, Kauwe JSK, Maxwell TJ, Cherny S, Doil L, Tacey K, van Luchene R, Myers A, Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Kaleem M, Hollingworth P, Jehu L, Foy C, Archer N, Hamilton G, Holmans P, Morris CM, Catanese J, Sninsky J, White TJ, Powell J, Hardy J, O’Donovan M, Lovestone S, Jones L, Morris JC, Thal L, Owen M, Williams J, Goate A. A scan of chromosome 10 identifies a novel locus showing strong association with late-onset Alzheimer disease. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:78-88. [PMID: 16385451 PMCID: PMC1380225 DOI: 10.1086/498851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence of linkage to late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) has been observed on chromosome 10, which implicates a wide region and at least one disease-susceptibility locus. Although significant associations with several biological candidate genes on chromosome 10 have been reported, these findings have not been consistently replicated, and they remain controversial. We performed a chromosome 10-specific association study with 1,412 gene-based single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to identify susceptibility genes for developing LOAD. The scan included SNPs in 677 of 1,270 known or predicted genes; each gene contained one or more markers, about half (48%) of which represented putative functional mutations. In general, the initial testing was performed in a white case-control sample from the St. Louis area, with 419 LOAD cases and 377 age-matched controls. Markers that showed significant association in the exploratory analysis were followed up in several other white case-control sample sets to confirm the initial association. Of the 1,397 markers tested in the exploratory sample, 69 reached significance (P < .05). Five of these markers replicated at P < .05 in the validation sample sets. One marker, rs498055, located in a gene homologous to RPS3A (LOC439999), was significantly associated with Alzheimer disease in four of six case-control series, with an allelic P value of .0001 for a meta-analysis of all six samples. One of the case-control samples with significant association to rs498055 was derived from the linkage sample (P = .0165). These results indicate that variants in the RPS3A homologue are associated with LOAD and implicate this gene, adjacent genes, or other functional variants (e.g., noncoding RNAs) in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Grupe
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Yonghong Li
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Charles Rowland
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Petra Nowotny
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Anthony L. Hinrichs
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Scott Smemo
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - John S. K. Kauwe
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Taylor J. Maxwell
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sara Cherny
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Lisa Doil
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kristina Tacey
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ryan van Luchene
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Amanda Myers
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Fabienne Wavrant-De Vrièze
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Mona Kaleem
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Paul Hollingworth
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Luke Jehu
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Catherine Foy
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nicola Archer
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Gillian Hamilton
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Peter Holmans
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chris M. Morris
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Joseph Catanese
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - John Sninsky
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Thomas J. White
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - John Powell
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - John Hardy
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Michael O’Donovan
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Lesley Jones
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - John C. Morris
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Leon Thal
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Michael Owen
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Julie Williams
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Alison Goate
- Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Biology, and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Bethesda; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit and Department of Psychological Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London; Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurosciences, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla
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Bogaerts S, Vanlandschoot A, van Hengel J, van Roy F. Nuclear translocation of alphaN-catenin by the novel zinc finger transcriptional repressor ZASC1. Exp Cell Res 2005; 311:1-13. [PMID: 16182284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-catenins anchor the transmembrane cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin indirectly to the actin cytoskeleton through interaction with beta-catenin or plakoglobin. Three different alpha-catenins are known at present: alphaE-, alphaT-, and alphaN-catenin. Despite their different expression patterns, no functional differences between the alpha-catenins are known. In a yeast two-hybrid screening with alphaN-catenin as bait, we identified the Cys(2)-His2 zinc finger protein ZASC1. The mRNA and protein of ZASC1 were ubiquitously expressed in various cell lines and human tissues. Our results suggest an association of the ZASC1 protein with DNA, and luciferase reporter assays revealed that ZASC1 is a transcriptional repressor. Upon transient overexpression, the ZASC1 protein localized in the nucleus, to where it was able to recruit cytoplasmic alphaN-catenin. Neither the highly related alphaE-catenin nor alphaT-catenin interacted with ZASC1. By interchanging parts of alphaN-catenin and alphaE-catenin cDNAs, we were able to narrow down the interaction region of alphaN-catenin to two limited amino-terminal regions. On the other hand, the interaction of ZASC1 with alphaN-catenin can be mediated by the domain comprising zinc fingers six to eight of ZASC1. The interaction and nuclear cotranslocation of a neural alpha-catenin with a putative proto-oncogene product as reported here provides novel insights into the signaling functions of alpha-catenins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bogaerts
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Vanpoucke G, Goossens S, De Craene B, Gilbert B, van Roy F, Berx G. GATA-4 and MEF2C transcription factors control the tissue-specific expression of the alphaT-catenin gene CTNNA3. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:4155-65. [PMID: 15302915 PMCID: PMC514362 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AlphaT-catenin is a recently identified member of the alpha-catenin family of cell-cell adhesion molecules. Its expression is restricted mainly to cardiomyocytes, although it is also expressed in skeletal muscle, testis and brain. Like other alpha-catenins, alphaT-catenin provides an indispensable link between a cadherin-based adhesion complex and the actin cytoskeleton, resulting in strong cell-cell adhesion. We show here that the tissue-specificity of alphaT-catenin expression is controlled by its promoter region. By in silico analysis, we found that the alphaT-catenin promoter contains several binding sites for cardiac and muscle-specific transcription factors. By co-transfection studies in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that MEF2C and GATA-4 each have an activating effect on the alphaT-catenin promoter. Transfections with wild-type and mutant promoter constructs in cardiac HL-1 cells indicated that one GATA box is absolutely required for high alphaT-catenin promoter activity in these cells. Furthermore, we showed that the GATA-4 transcription factor specifically binds and activates the alphaT-catenin promoter in vivo in cardiac HL-1 cells. In vivo promoter analysis in transgenic mice revealed that the isolated alphaT-catenin promoter region could direct the tissue-specific expression of a LacZ reporter gene in concordance with endogenous alphaT-catenin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griet Vanpoucke
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB-Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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