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Shi K, Yu Y, Li Z, Hou M, Li X. Causal relationship between dietary salt intake and dementia risk: Mendelian randomization study. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:6. [PMID: 38491466 PMCID: PMC10943813 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational research has indicated a potential link between dietary salt intake and susceptibility to dementia. However, it is important to note that these types of studies are prone to the issues of reverse causation and residual confounding. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causality. METHOD To explore the causal relationship between them, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study incorporated summary statistics of dietary salt intake and dementia. We estimated the causality between salt intake and the risk of overall dementia and various subtypes of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Vascular dementia (VaD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was the major MR analysis. To conduct sensitivity analyses, we employed various MR methods, the pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method, and the leave-one-out approach. The MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q test were conducted to test pleiotropy and heterogeneity respectively. RESULTS A suggestive association was observed for genetically predicted higher dietary salt intake and increased risk of overall dementia in the European ancestry [odds ratio (OR): 1.542; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.095-2.169; P = 0.013]. The causal relationship between dietary salt intake and overall dementia is robust with respect to the choice of statistical methods and is validated through extensive sensitivity analyses that guard against various model assumption violations. Meanwhile, no clear heterogeneity or pleiotropy was identified. However, we failed to detect a causal effect of dietary salt intake on the risk of various dementia subtypes. CONCLUSION The results of this research present strong evidence that established a significant association between dietary salt intake and the likelihood of developing dementia. These findings reinforce the notion that the amount of dietary salt intake plays a crucial role in determining the risk of acquiring this cognitive condition. By establishing a definitive correlation, this study highlights the importance of reducing salt consumption as a preventive measure against dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Zhaolin Li
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Miaomiao Hou
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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2
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Cho HA, Kim BR, Shin H. Association of periodontal disease treatment with mortality in patients with dementia: a population-based retrospective cohort study (2002-2018). Sci Rep 2024; 14:5243. [PMID: 38438421 PMCID: PMC10912191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the association of periodontal treatment with the risk of death in patients with dementia. The analyzed data were obtained by linking the National Health Insurance Corporation claims data between 2002 and 2018 to the Statistics Korea death registry. In total, 1,131,406 patients with dementia aged ≥ 65 years had undergone dental treatment during the study period. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model was performed. The mortality rate was approximately 10% among the patients with dementia. The 17-years cumulative survival rates for patients who received periodontal treatment and their untreated counterparts were 83.5% and 71.5%, respectively. The crude hazard ratio of the periodontal group was approximately twice as high as that of the non-periodontal group (1.99; P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the regression model that was adjusted for socio-demographic variables and systematic chronic diseases, the risk of death in the non-periodontal group was approximately 1.83 times higher than that of the periodontal group (P < 0.00). These findings suggest that preventive periodontal treatment may decrease mortality risk in older people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-A Cho
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11644, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Dong-gu, Daejeon Metropolitan City, 34504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Shin
- Department of Social and Humanity in Dentistry, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, North Jula, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Lee W, Kang S, Kim S, Lee S, Myung W, Jheon K, Yoon C, Suh J, Youn T, Chae I. Impact of dementia and drug compliance on patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:1253-1259. [PMID: 37488767 PMCID: PMC10577568 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Korea, the number of people with dementia is rising at a worrisome rate, and many of them also have acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a disease with a high mortality rate. HYPOTHESIS We speculated that dementia and drug compliance have significant impact on the mortality of patients with AMI. METHODS The study derived data from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior for a retrospective cohort study. The total number of patients diagnosed with AMI for the first time between 2007 and 2013 was 16 835, among whom 2021 had dementia. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was used to assess medication adherence. RESULTS AMI patients with dementia had unfavorable baseline characteristics; they had significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34-2.66; p < .001) and lower MPR (aspirin: 21.9% vs. 42.8%; p < .001). AMI patients were stratified by presence of dementia and medication adherence, and the survival rate was the highest among those with no dementia and good adherence, followed by those with no dementia and poor adherence, those with dementia and good adherence, and those with dementia and poor adherence. The multivariable analysis revealed that dementia (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.53-1.75; p < .001) and poor adherence to medication (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.49-1.71; p < .001) had a significant association with all-cause mortality in AMI patients. CONCLUSIONS AMI patients with dementia have a higher mortality rate. Their prognosis is negatively affected by their poorer medication adherence than patients without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Si‐Hyuck Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Sun‐Hwa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Seung‐Yeon Lee
- International Healthcare CenterSeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of PsychiatrySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Ki‐Hyun Jheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Chang‐Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Jung‐Won Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Tae‐Jin Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - In‐Ho Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyCardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
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Fillenbaum GG, Mohs R. CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) Neuropsychology Assessment Battery: 35 Years and Counting. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1-27. [PMID: 36938738 PMCID: PMC10175144 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1986, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was mandated to develop a brief neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB) for AD, for uniform neuropsychological assessment, and information aggregation. Initially used across the National Institutes of Aging-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers, it has become widely adopted wherever information is desired on cognitive status and change therein, particularly in older populations. OBJECTIVE Our purpose is to provide information on the multiple uses of the CERAD-NAB since its inception, and possible further developments. METHODS Since searching on "CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery" or similar terms missed important information, "CERAD" alone was entered into PubMed and SCOPUS, and CERAD-NAB use identified from the resulting studies. Use was sorted into major categories, e.g., psychometric information, norms, dementia/differential dementia diagnosis, epidemiology, intervention evaluation, genetics, etc., also translations, country of use, and alternative data gathering approaches. RESULTS CERAD-NAB is available in ∼20 languages. In addition to its initial purpose assessing AD severity, CERAD-NAB can identify mild cognitive impairment, facilitate differential dementia diagnosis, determine cognitive effects of naturally occurring and experimental interventions (e.g., air pollution, selenium in soil, exercise), has helped to clarify cognition/brain physiology-neuroanatomy, and assess cognitive status in dementia-risk conditions. Surveys of primary and tertiary care patients, and of population-based samples in multiple countries have provided information on prevalent and incident dementia, and cross-sectional and longitudinal norms for ages 35-100 years. CONCLUSION CERAD-NAB has fulfilled its original mandate, while its uses have expanded, keeping up with advances in the area of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda G Fillenbaum
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard Mohs
- Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
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Ono R, Sakurai T, Sugimoto T, Uchida K, Nakagawa T, Noguchi T, Komatsu A, Arai H, Saito T. Mortality Risks and Causes of Death by Dementia Types in a Japanese Cohort with Dementia: NCGG-Stories. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:487-498. [PMID: 36776074 PMCID: PMC10041427 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis-related information regarding dementia needs to be updated, as changes in medical and long-term care environments for patients with dementia in recent decades may be improving the prognosis of the disease. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mortality, cause of death, and prognostic factors by types of dementia in a Japanese clinic-based cohort. METHODS The National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Life Stories of People with Dementia consists of clinical records and prognostic data of patients who visited the Memory Clinic in Japan. Patients who attended the clinic between July 2010 and September 2018, or their close relatives, were asked about death information via a postal survey. A cohort of 3,229 patients (mean age, 76.9; female, 1,953) was classified into six groups: normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to compare the mortality of each type of dementia, MCI, and NC. RESULTS Patients with all types of dementia and MCI had higher mortality rates than those with NC (hazard risks: 2.61-5.20). The most common cause of death was pneumonia, followed by cancer. In the MCI, AD, and DLB groups, older age, male sex, and low cognitive function were common prognostic factors but not presence of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest important differences in the mortality risk and cause of death among patients with dementia, which will be useful in advanced care planning and policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Ono
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cognition and Behavior Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugimoto
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uchida
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiji Noguchi
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayane Komatsu
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tami Saito
- Department of Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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An H, Yang HW, Oh DJ, Lim E, Shin J, Moon DG, Suh SW, Byun S, Kim TH, Kwak KP, Kim BJ, Kim SG, Kim JL, Moon SW, Park JH, Ryu SH, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Jhoo JH, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim KW. Mood disorders increase mortality mainly through dementia: A community-based prospective cohort study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:1017-1024. [PMID: 34420415 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211041937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of mood disorders on mortality may be mediated by their effects on the risk of dementia, and interventions to reduce the occurrence of dementia may reduce their overall mortality. This study aimed to investigate the direct effects of depressive and bipolar disorders on the 6-year risk of mortality and also their indirect effects on mortality due to their effect on the risk of dementia. METHODS A total of 5101 Koreans were selected from a community-based prospective cohort study, and 6-year risks of mortality and dementia in participants with depressive and bipolar disorders were estimated by Cox proportional hazard analysis. The direct and indirect effects of depressive and bipolar disorders on the risk of mortality were estimated using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The depressive and bipolar disorder groups showed 51% and 85% higher 6-year mortality, and 82% and 127% higher risk of dementia, respectively, compared to euthymic controls. The effects of depressive and bipolar disorders on mortality were mainly mediated by their effects on the risk of dementia in a structural equation model. The direct effects of each mood disorder on mortality were not significant. CONCLUSION Both depressive and bipolar disorders increased the risks of mortality and dementia, and the effects of mood disorders on mortality were mainly mediated through dementia. As dementia occurs later in life than mood disorders, measures to prevent it may effectively reduce mortality in individuals with a history of mood disorders, as well as being more feasible than attempting to control other causes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung An
- Seongnam Sarang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Won Yang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dae Jong Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Lim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Shin
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Moon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung Wan Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonjeong Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Phil Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Lan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Bum Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Causes of Mortality in Korean Patients with Neurodegenerative Dementia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3206594. [PMID: 35509710 PMCID: PMC9060994 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3206594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative dementia is increasing owing to the rapid growth of the older population. We investigated risks and causes of mortality in Korean patients with neurodegenerative dementia using data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Sample Cohort with the aim to improve their care. From a pool of 1,125,691 patients, 11,215 patients aged ≥60 years who were diagnosed with dementia between 2002 and 2013 were examined along with 44,860 matched controls. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). During the follow-up period, 34.5% and 18.8% of individuals in the neurodegenerative dementia and control groups, respectively, died (P < 0.001). The adjusted HR for mortality in the neurodegenerative dementia group was 2.11 (2.41 and 1.96 in men and women, respectively). Moreover, the adjusted HRs in patients with neurodegenerative dementia were 3.25, 2.77, and 1.84 for those diagnosed at ages 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years, respectively. The highest odds ratio for mortality was noted among patients with neurologic disease (15.93) followed by those with mental disease (4.89). These data show that the risk of mortality increased regardless of age and sex in Korean patients with neurodegenerative dementia.
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Deng B, Zheng Z, Zheng J, Yang W, Huang Y, Luo Y, Jin D, Shen L, Jin K, Wang Q. FTD-PSP is an Unusual Clinical Phenotype in A Frontotemporal Dementia Patient with A Novel Progranulin Mutation. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1741-1752. [PMID: 34631218 PMCID: PMC8460311 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (GRN) mutations are a major cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD); the spectrum of clinical phenotypes of FTD is much more extensive than previously reported. The frequency and locations of GRN mutations in Chinese patients with FTD remain uncertain. We performed cDNA sequencing in one sporadic male patient who initially presented FTD symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were applied to further confirm the diagnosis of FTD from this patient. Cellular apoptosis and survival test were performed to identify the function of GRN. We identified one novel missense GRN mutation (c.1498G>A, p.V500I) in this patient, who initially presented typical behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) features but then presented progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) clinical characteristics 5 years after onset. Besides, WT GRN protein showed an adequate trophic stimulus to preserve the survival of SH-SY5Y cells in the medium free of serum, while GRN mutation (c.1498G>A, p.V500I) may impair the ability of supporting cell survival. This study owns significant implications for genetic counseling and clinical heterogeneity. We illustrate the fact that FTD presenting features of bvFTD and PSP in one patient could be considered as a specific phenotype in patients with GRN mutations. GRN p.V500I led to the neuronal degeneration in vitro; this finding provides a significant evidence that this mutation may be a new causative mutation in patients with FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Jialing Zheng
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Wanlin Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yu Huang
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Dana Jin
- 3College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lu Shen
- 2Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 4Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
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9
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Bi T, Feng R, Zhan L, Ren W, Lu X. ZiBuPiYin Recipe Prevented and Treated Cognitive Decline in ZDF Rats With Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline via Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Dialogue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651517. [PMID: 34485269 PMCID: PMC8416319 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is becoming one of the key determinants in human health and disease. Shifts in gut microbiota composition affect cognitive function and provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) is one of the central nervous system complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ZiBuPiYin recipe (ZBPYR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of T2DM and prevention of DACD. However, the contribution of ZBPYR treatment to the interaction between the gut microbiota and metabolism for preventing and treating DACD remains to be clarified. Here, we investigate whether the gut microbiota plays a key role in ZBPYR-mediated prevention of DACD and treatment of T2DM via incorporating microbiomics and metabolomics, and investigate the links between the microbiota-gut-brain axis interaction and the efficacy of ZBPYR in ZDF rats. In the current study, we found that ZBPYR treatment produced lasting changes in gut microbiota community and metabolites and remotely affected hippocampus metabolic changes, thereby improving memory deficits and reversing β-amyloid deposition and insulin resistance in the brain of ZDF rats from T2DM to DACD. This may be related to a series of metabolic changes affected by gut microbiota, including alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid metabolism; branched-chain amino acid metabolism; short-chain fatty acid metabolism; and linoleic acid/unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. In summary, this study demonstrates that prevention and treatment of DACD by ZBPYR partly depends on the gut microbiota, and the regulatory effects of bacteria-derived metabolites and microbiota-gut-brain axis are important protective mechanisms of ZBPYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiqi Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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10
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Mohan D, Yap KH, Reidpath D, Soh YC, McGrattan A, Stephan BCM, Robinson L, Chaiyakunapruk N, Siervo M. Link Between Dietary Sodium Intake, Cognitive Function, and Dementia Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1347-1373. [PMID: 32675410 PMCID: PMC7504986 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: A key focus for dementia risk-reduction is the prevention of socio-demographic, lifestyle, and nutritional risk factors. High sodium intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (both are linked to dementia), generating numerous recommendations for salt reduction to improve cardiovascular health. Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess, in middle- and older-aged people, the relationship between dietary sodium intake and cognitive outcomes including cognitive function, risk of cognitive decline, or dementia. Methods: Six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Psych info, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to 1 March 2020. Data extraction included information on study design, population characteristics, sodium reduction strategy (trials) or assessment of dietary sodium intake (observational studies), measurement of cognitive function or dementia, and summary of main results. Risk-of-bias assessments were performed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) assessment tool. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria including one clinical trial, six cohorts, and eight cross-sectional studies. Studies reported mixed associations between sodium levels and cognition. Results from the only clinical trial showed that a lower sodium intake was associated with improved cognition over six months. In analysis restricted to only high-quality studies, three out of four studies found that higher sodium intake was associated with impaired cognitive function. Conclusion: There is some evidence that high salt intake is associated with poor cognition. However, findings are mixed, likely due to poor methodological quality, and heterogeneous dietary, analytical, and cognitive assessment methods and design of the studies. Reduced sodium intake may be a potential target for intervention. High quality prospective studies and clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Mohan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Health and Medical Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,South East Asia Community Observatory, Monash University Malaysia, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Kwong Hsia Yap
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Health and Medical Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Reidpath
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Monash University Malaysia, Segamat, Malaysia.,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
- ICDDR, B
| | - Yee Chang Soh
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Health and Medical Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,South East Asia Community Observatory, Monash University Malaysia, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Andrea McGrattan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Wang L, Feng Q, Wang M, Zhu T, Yu E, Niu J, Ge X, Mao D, Lv Y, Ding Z. An Effective Brain Imaging Biomarker for AD and aMCI: ALFF in Slow-5 Frequency Band. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:45-55. [PMID: 33761855 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210324130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a potential brain imaging biomarker, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) has been used as a feature to distinguish patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NC). However, it remains unclear whether the frequency-dependent pattern of ALFF alterations can effectively distinguish the different phases of the disease. METHODS In the present study, 52 AD and 50 aMCI patients were enrolled together with 43 NC in total. The ALFF values were calculated in the following three frequency bands: classical (0.01-0.08 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) for the three different groups. Subsequently, the local functional abnormalities were employed as features to examine the effect of classification among AD, aMCI and NC using a support vector machine (SVM). RESULTS We found that the among-group differences of ALFF in the different frequency bands were mainly located in the left hippocampus (HP), right HP, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and bilateral precuneus (PCu), left angular gyrus (AG) and left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). When the local functional abnormalities were employed as features, we identified that the ALFF in the slow-5 frequency band showed the highest accuracy to distinguish among the three groups. CONCLUSION These findings may deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and suggest that slow-5 frequency band may be helpful to explore the pathogenesis and distinguish the phases of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyu Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Enyan Yu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Jialing Niu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Xiuhong Ge
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Dewang Mao
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Yating Lv
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,China
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12
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Huh TH, Yoon JL, Cho JJ, Kim MY, Ju YS. Survival Analysis of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Study Based on Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Services' Senior Cohort Database. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 41:214-221. [PMID: 32321203 PMCID: PMC7385296 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korea's rapidly aging population has experienced a sharp rise in the prevalence of dementia. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is estimated to be about three-quarters of all patients with dementia, tend to have higher mortality rates compared with patients without Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a survival analysis of patients with AD was conducted in order to provide knowledge to those who provide medical care to these patients. METHODS Data on individuals over 65 years old in 2004 were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Services' Senior Cohort database (2002-2013). The subjects were 209,254 patients, including 2,695 who were first diagnosed with AD (the AD group) and 206,559 that had not been diagnosed with the disease (non-AD group). To investigate the independent effect of AD on survival, the Cox proportional-hazards model, hazard ratios (confidence interval of 95%), and the Kaplan-Meier method were used. RESULTS Mean survival time in the AD group was 5.3±3.3 years, which was about 2.5 years shorter than that in the non-AD group (7.8±2.4 years). The mortality rate in the AD group (66.3%) was higher than that in the non-AD group (26.3%). The adjusted hazard ratio in the AD group was 2.5 and, therefore, it was found that the AD group had a 2.5-fold higher risk of death than the non-AD group. CONCLUSION Overall, AD has a large, independent impact on survival. Survival time was shorter, and the mortality rate and risk were generally higher in the AD group, compared with the non-AD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Huh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jong Lull Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mee Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young Soo Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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13
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Strand BH, Knapskog AB, Persson K, Holt Edwin T, Bjertness E, Engedal K, Selbaek G. The Loss in Expectation of Life due to Early-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Onset Dementia in Norway. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2020; 47:355-365. [PMID: 31319412 DOI: 10.1159/000501269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether patients with early-onset dementia have poorer or improved survival compared with those with a late onset largely depends on the survival measure. Survival estimates for early-onset mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis are particularly scarce. We aimed to estimate life expectancy (LE) in patients with early-onset dementia or early MCI, and loss in expectation of life (LEL) for these groups. Comparisons were made with the general Norwegian population and a subgroup of patients with late-onset dementia. METHODS Early onset was defined as receiving a diagnosis of MCI or dementia before age 65 years. LE and LEL were predicted using flexible parametric survival models. Our study population was comprised of newly diagnosed (incident) cases (n = 4,906), aged 50-90 years at the time of diagnosis (672 were diagnosed before age 65 years, of which 291 were diagnosed with dementia), in the Norwegian register of persons assessed for cognitive symptoms (NorCog) between 2009 and 2017, and patients were followed up for mortality or censorship until January 2018. RESULTS Among the early-onset patients, 8 and 23% died during follow-up, in the MCI and dementia groups, respectively. Both early-onset MCI and especially early-onset dementia were associated with lower LE than in the general Norwegian population; LE for 60-year-old women in 2016 was 26 years in the general population, 20 years in MCI patients, and 7 years in dementia patients. The corresponding LE at 80 years was 10, 6, and 5 years. Thus, LEL were particularly pronounced for patients with early dementia. The diagnosis-specific LE pattern in men was similar to that in women. DISCUSSION Early-onset MCI was associated with substantial life years lost (5-6 years), but the loss was particularly pronounced for those with early-onset dementia, reducing the expected life length by 2 decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Heine Strand
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway, .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, .,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, .,Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,
| | | | - Karin Persson
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Holt Edwin
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Bjertness
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Selbaek
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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