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Manan M, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Aslam N, Anwar A, Zafar A. Anti-arthritic and toxicological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Alternanthera bettzickiana in rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1002037. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1002037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many developing countries, medicinal plants have long been used for therapeutic purposes due to their low cost and toxicity. This study evaluated the safety and anti-arthritic potential of Alternanthera bettzickiana ethanolic extract (ABEE). Acute oral toxicity (OECD 425) was tested in the safety evaluation. A limit test was used to identify the LD50 value. For an acute oral toxicity study a dose of 2000 mg/kg of ABEE was given orally to the treatment group, and the control group received distilled water at a rate of 10 ml/kg. Biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses were performed after 14 days. A formaldehyde 2% w/v solution was injected via i.p. to rats of all groups to prepare the arthritic model. Five groups were divided into control (D.H2O), standard (Diclofenac), and three groups receiving the plant extract at dose levels of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg respectively. Treatment was continued for 10 days. Paw diameter and hematological and biochemical variables were quantified. ELISA was performed for the estimation of inflammatory cytokines. In the acute oral toxicity study, no mortality or morbidity were observed, so the LD50 of this plant was greater than 2000 mg/kg. ABEE decreased the paw diameter with the restoration of hematological and biochemical changes. SOD and CAT levels were increased while decreasing the MDA, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in arthritic rats. It is concluded that the use of A. bettzickiana has low toxicity, and it can be used for the treatment of arthritis.
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Jabeen Q, Haider SI, Asif A, Rasheed R, Gul S, Arshad S. Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Curtailing the Expression of COX-II and Inflammatory Cytokines as Well as by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221112649. [PMID: 35832768 PMCID: PMC9272483 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet traditionally been used as
home remedy for backaches, joint pain, colic, and rheumatism. The objective of
this study was to investigate the therapeutic benefits of plant in an
adjuvant-induced arthritis paradigm. Immune-mediated rheumatoid arthritis was
developed by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of
rats and the aqueous methanolic crude extract was administered. The animals were
physically monitored for changes in paw edema size and arthritic score.
Hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory indicators evaluated. Genetic
expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6),
necrosis factor (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase (COX-II) enzyme were studied using
real-time qPCR. PGE2 levels in blood were quantified through Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). On the 14th day, Immunoglobulin E (IGE) exhibited a
substantial decline in paw edema and arthritic score. At the doses of 500 mg/Kg
(P ≤ .05) and 1000 mg/Kg (P ≤ .001), IGE
significantly reduced TNF-α, interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression. IGE
significantly lowered the MDA levels at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg (13.18 ±
.70 and 9.04 ± .26 μM/L respectively) as compared to arthritic control (30.82 ±
1.12 μM/L) group. IGE significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activities
of CAT and SOD (P ≤ .001) in treated animals. TNF-α,
interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression were also significantly reduced at the
doses of 300 (P ≤ .05), 500 (P ≤ .01) and
1000 mg/Kg (P ≤ .001) which were expressed as fold changes.
This study shows that Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet has
a strong potential to alleviate immune-mediated arthritis by lowering oxidative
stress and downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines signaling
mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ihtisham Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Awais Asif
- Department of Biochemistry, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Rasheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Gul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Arshad
- University College of Conventional Medicines, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Ameliorating Effect of Malva neglecta Wallr on Obesity and Diabetes in Wistar Rats: A Mechanistic Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2614599. [PMID: 35757485 PMCID: PMC9225868 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2614599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high caloric food causes deposition of fats that may progress to obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including but limited to diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed at determining the ameliorating effect of Malva Neglecta wallr aqueous-methanolic extract (MNME) on obesity and diabetes in Wistar rats. The MNME was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plant extract was evaluated by in vitro α-amylase inhibition and DPPH scavenging activities. Obesity was induced by administering high sugar and fat diet (HSFD) to rats for six weeks, followed by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Oral treatments with MNME 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day were given to diabetic obese rats for 14 days. The HPLC analysis showed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The plant extract showed significant antioxidant (P < 0.001) and alpha-amylase (P < 0.0001) inhibition activities. The administration of MNME displayed a considerable decrease in fasting blood glucose, body weight, liver function tests, urea, cholesterol, leptin, and insulin levels in diabetic obese rats as compared to the disease control group and maximum effect were observed at 750 mg/kg/day of MNME. The MNME significantly increased (P < 0.05 − 0.001) the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT in the liver, kidney, and pancreas while notably (P < 0.05 − 0.001) reduced the malondialdehyde level in kidney and pancreas of diabetic obese rats in contrast to disease control rats. This experimental study concludes that the MNME had exhibited antiobesity and antidiabetic activities through reduction of oxidative stress, leptin, α-amylase activity, and insulin resistance due to the presence of phenolic acid and flavonoid compounds.
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Valadez-Vega C, Lugo-Magaña O, Morales-González JA, Delgado-Olivares L, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, López-Contreras L, Bautista M, Velázquez-González C. Phytochemical, cytotoxic, and genotoxic evaluation of protein extract of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1971771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Olivia Lugo-Magaña
- Escuela Preparatoria número 1, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, México
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, México City, México
| | - Luis Delgado-Olivares
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Jeannett A. Izquierdo-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Luilli López-Contreras
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Mirandeli Bautista
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
| | - Claudia Velázquez-González
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, México
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Saleem M, Schini-Kerth VB, Hussain K, Khalid SH, Asif M, Alhosin M, Akhtar MF, Ahmad B, Raza A, Mahrukh. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for In Vitro Cytotoxic Attributes of Conyza bonariensis Extract against Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Jurkat Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1793-1801. [PMID: 34488604 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210906092314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conyza bonariensis is known to have anti-cancer properties. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the in vitro pro-apoptotic properties of Conyza bonariensis (C. bonariensis) towards human lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells. METHODS C. bonariensis are extracted with non-polar solvent by maceration. MTS cell viability assay was employed to determine the cytotoxic activity of the extract towards human leukemia Jurket cells and normal Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) cells. The phytochemical composition of the extract was chemically characterized using HPLC. Flow cytometric studies (FACS) were conducted to explore the pro-apoptotic potential of the extract. Western blot studies were employed to identify the molecular targets involved in the induction of apoptosis. RESULTS The n-hexane extract showed selective cytotoxic activity towards Jurkat cells. FACS analysis indicated that the extract induced early and late apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Western blot studies revealed that the extract down-regulated the expression of DNMT1, SIRT1, and UHRF1 with a simultaneous up-regulation of the expression of p73 and caspases-3 proteins. HPLC characterization of the extract revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. CONCLUSION Overall these findings demonstrate that the anticancer effects of a Conyza bonariensis extract towards human lymphoblastic leukemiais due to the modulation of the activity of multiple oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins and that its phenolic content is involved are proposed to be responsible for these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
| | - Valerie B Schini-Kerth
- UMR 1260 INSERM Nanomédecine Régénérative, Faculté de Pharmacie,Université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin - BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch. France
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University of Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab. Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore 54000. Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore 54000. Pakistan
| | - Atif Raza
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
| | - Mahrukh
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab Lahore . Pakistan
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Manan M, Saleem U, Akash MS, Qasim M, Hayat M, Raza Z, Ahmad B. Antiarthritic Potential of Comprehensively Standardized Extract of Alternanthera bettzickiana: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19478-19496. [PMID: 32803042 PMCID: PMC7424589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternanthera bettzickiana is being used as a folk remedy for treating arthritis by conventional healers in Thailand. The current research was undertaken to explore the antiarthritic potential of A. bettzickiana ethanolic extract (ABEE). Plant characterization, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vivo (ABEE at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg was administered orally to rats once daily for 28 days) studies to explore the antiarthritic effect and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed. Oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA)) in the serum and histopathological and radiographic assessment of joints were also carried out. Gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, quercetin, and γ- and α-tocopherol were identified in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between these compounds and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The extract significantly subdued paw swelling and arthritic scoring, inhibited cachexia, and considerably improved biochemical and hematological modifications. SOD and CAT levels increased and the MDA level decreased in ABEE-treated rats dose-dependently. Radiographic and histopathological analyses also supported the antiarthritic effect of ABEE, which was linked with the downregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, COX-2, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β and upregulation of IL-10, I-kB, and IL-4 as compared to disease control rats. Results suggested that A. bettzickiana possessed antiarthritic potential, supporting its folkloric use for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
Hamid Akash
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department
of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hayat
- Department
of Biochemistry, Government College University,
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Raza
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Rasul A, Baig MMFA. Chemical characterisation, in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity and safety evaluation of Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) fee roots. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6223-6228. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1797727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah international University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Ashraf Baig MMF, Rasul A. HPLC analysis, cytotoxicity, and safety study of Moringa oleifera Lam. (wild type) leaf extract. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13400. [PMID: 32729119 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study was planned to evaluate toxicity of M. oleifera leaf methanol extract in Wistar rats, cytotoxic potential and chemically characterize it. Acute toxicity study revealed no mortality at 2,000 mg/kg dose. In subchronic toxicity, 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg extract were administered in both sexes for 90 days. A decrease in body weight, cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins, as well as an increase in the platelet count were observed. The histology of heart, lung, and kidney was normal. The oxidative stress biomarkers were normal in the liver tissue. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that IC50 of the plant extract was more than 1,000 µg/ml. FTIR explored various functional groups and HPLC analysis indicated the presence of kaempferol and quercetin in the plant extract. These results showed that the plant extract might be safe up to 2,000 mg/kg single dose. The long term use of the plant extract was mostly devoid of major system toxicities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: M. oleifera is a multipurpose tree. It is a cruciferous plant that has nutritional as well as medicinal properties. It is exhibited a multitude of nutraceutical or pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anticancer, hypoglycemic, and antihypertensive activities. It is widely used by local inhabitants for their health, food, agriculture, and cosmetic purposes. Among other plant parts, its leaves are mostly used as a functional food because of abundant proteins, β-carotene, polyphenol, vitamin C, and vitamin E. The current study was designed to validate its safety in acute and long term use. The data of this study suggested that the plant can be safely used as a nutraceutical as well as a nutritional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Alamgeer, Saleem M. A Comprehensive Review on Ethnomedicinal, Pharmacological and Phytochemical Basis of Anticancer Medicinal Plants of Pakistan. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:120-151. [PMID: 29984657 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180706164536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The widespread emergence of cancer and development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is increasing the interest of scientists in the use of ethnomedicinal preparations and isolated phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of disease. Medicinal plants have been used in Pakistan since prehistoric times. The present review was designed to identify anticancer plants of ethnomedicinal significance and to summarize the anticancer activities carried out on these medicinal plants to establish the pharmacological and phytochemical basis of their use. Pakistani anticancer medicinal plants of ethnopharmacological significance were reviewed. Conservation status, worldwide distribution and ethno-botanical preparations of these medicinal plants were also tabulated. These medicinal plants and their isolated phytochemicals were also explored for their anticancer activities. It was revealed that there were 108 anticancer medicinal plants used to treat different neoplastic conditions on the folklore basis throughout Pakistan. Among these anticancer plants, 64 plants were found to be investigated previously for anticancer activity through in vivo and in vitro methods. Several ethnomedicinal plants have been validated for their anticancer activities through in vitro and animal models. These medicinal plants and phytochemicals resulted in the inhibition of initiation, progression or metastasis of neoplasm. Some medicinal plants (10) are endangered species. Half of folkloric Pakistani plants have been validated for use against various cancers through in vitro or in vivo methods. It is necessary to carry out further pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of these folkloric anticancer plants of Pakistan. It is also necessary to identify and isolate further potential phytochemicals so as to be evaluated in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alamgeer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Saleem A, Saleem M, Akhtar MF, Shahzad M, Jahan S. Polystichum braunii extracts inhibit Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis via upregulation of I-κB, IL-4, and IL-10, downregulation of COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α, and subsiding oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1633-1648. [PMID: 32162074 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée is a traditional remedy for rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of polygenetic origin. The current project was intended to demonstrate the role of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in the anti-arthritic activity of the P. braunii extracts. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of the plant roots were prepared by triple maceration. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant extracts was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plant extracts at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day and piroxicam (10 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to Wistar rats for 21 days that were previously immunized with Complete Freund's adjuvant (150 µl on right hind paw) except normal and arthritic control rats. Both plant extracts mitigated the paw oedema, restored the immune organ and body weights, and ameliorated the level of blood parameters such as haemoglobin, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive proteins, and rheumatoid factor. The evaluation of gene expression using quantitative-real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed the substantial downregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and upregulation of IL-4, IL-10 and I-κB in polyarthritic rats treated with the plant extracts. Methanolic plant extract exhibited the maximum effect on upregulation of IL-4 (79 ± 3%), IL-10 (62.66 ± 4.93%), and I-κB (73.66 ± 3.05%) at 600 mg/kg/day. Treatment with the plant extracts also reduced the level of prostaglandin E2 and TNF-α in the serum of arthritic rats' dose dependently. It was also found that the plant extracts and piroxicam increased (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver tissue while reduced the level of malondialdehyde in arthritic rats. Histological examination of ankle joints revealed that the plant extracts decreased the pannus formation, inflammation, and synovial hyperplasia in arthritic animals. HPLC analysis depicted that the plant extracts had contained kaempferol, quercetin, gallic acid, and other phenolic acids. It can be elucidated from the results that the extracts of P. braunii roots exhibited anti-arthritic activity in Wistar rats through modulation of inflammatory cytokines and boosting the antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. .,Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Javeed A, Anjum AA, Sharif A, Saleem M, Mustafa G, Ashraf M, Saleem A, Akhtar B. Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and sub-chronic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:179. [PMID: 29492685 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p˂ 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeb Ashraf
- Post Graduate Medical Institute, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Saleem M, Ali HA, Akhtar MF, Saleem U, Saleem A, Irshad I. Chemical characterisation and hepatoprotective potential of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. and Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:897-900. [PMID: 29224374 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1413557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to validate the hepatoprotective activity of Cosmos sulphureus and Cosmos bipinnatus. Aqua-methanolic extracts of both plants were evaluated for the presence of various phyto-constituents through HPLC. Different doses of both plant extracts were administered to rats for nine days. Standard control was silymarin 100 mg/kg. Paracetamol 1 gm/kg was administered 3 h post treatment on 9th day for induction of hepatotoxicity. Blood was collected for the evaluation of liver biochemical markers and livers were removed for histopathological evaluation 24 h post-paracetamol treatment. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in both plant extracts. The extracts of both plants decreased the level of alanine aminotransaminase and total bilirubin significantly (p < 0.05), dose dependently and protected hepatocytes from paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. It can be concluded that both plants may possess hepatoprotective activity possibly due to the presence of quercetin and phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , GC University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Akbar Ali
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , GC University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , GC University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , GC University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , GC University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Iram Irshad
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology , GC University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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