1
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Wang KJ, Bao TRG, Yang YC, Wang DD, Wang AH, Gao XX, Yan T, Jia JM. Five previously undescribed compounds from Ajuga lupulina Maxim. and their in vitro activities. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:503-511. [PMID: 36200694 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2130305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
A new biflavone (philonotisflavone-3'''-methyl ether), three diterpenes (lupulin G, lupulin H, lupulin I), a new ecdysteroid (ajugasterone E), and four known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Ajuga lupulina Maxim. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including MS, NMR and ECD spectral data. Compounds 1-3 has DPPH radical scavenging ability, and compound 1 has stronger activity than vitamin C. Compounds 2, 3, 7 and 8 have potential cytotoxic activity against Hela, with IC50 values less than 20.0 μM. Abietane diterpenes 2, 3, 7 and 8 are also found to have NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values less than 40.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Jun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Te-Ri-Gen Bao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Cheng Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Hua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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2
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Peng X, Tan Q, Zhang Z, Wu D, Xu J, Zhou H, Gu Q. Discovery of neo-Clerodane Diterpenoids from Ajuga campylantha as Neuroprotective Agents against Ferroptosis and Neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2006-2021. [PMID: 37566645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new neo-clerodane diterpenoids, eight undescribed methoxy/ethoxy acetal analogues, and one new nor-iridane monoterpenoid were isolated from Ajuga campylantha. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray crystallography. This research reveals the distinctive structural features of A. campylantha diterpenes, including distinct C rings and 4,18-double bonds, distinguishing them from diterpenes of other plants in the Ajuga genus. Compound 2 represents the first example of a 19(5→6)-abeo-clerodane formed through a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. The isolated compounds were assessed for their neuroprotective effects against RSL3-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells and LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 cells. Notably, compound 7 inhibits ferroptosis (EC50 = 10 μM) with a potentially new mechanism of action. The preliminary structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the furan-clerodane diterpenoids possess potential ferroptosis inhibitory activity, while the lactone-clerodanes do not. This study represents the first report of furan-containing clerodanes within the Ajuga genus, providing fresh insights into the phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of A. campylantha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Peng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Tan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyin Wu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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3
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Jiang HY, Li YH, Zhang QR, Teng D, Li MM, Yang R, He HP. Chemical constituents from Ajuga macrosperma Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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4
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Sustainable Production of Ajuga Bioactive Metabolites Using Cell Culture Technologies: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051246. [PMID: 36904246 PMCID: PMC10005297 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Ajuga (Lamiaceae) is rich in medicinally important species with biological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic to antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and insecticidal effects. Every species contains a unique and complex mixture of bioactive metabolites-phytoecdysteroids (PEs), iridoid glycosides, withanolides, neo-clerodane terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and other chemicals with high therapeutic potential. Phytoecdysteroids, the main compounds of interest, are natural anabolic and adaptogenic agents that are widely used as components of dietary supplements. Wild plants remain the main source of Ajuga bioactive metabolites, particularly PEs, which leads to frequent overexploitation of their natural resources. Cell culture biotechnologies offer a sustainable approach to the production of vegetative biomass and individual phytochemicals specific for Ajuga genus. Cell cultures developed from eight Ajuga taxa were capable of producing PEs, a variety of phenolics and flavonoids, anthocyanins, volatile compounds, phenyletanoid glycosides, iridoids, and fatty acids, and demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most abundant PEs in the cell cultures was 20-hydroxyecdysone, followed by turkesterone and cyasterone. The PE content in the cell cultures was comparable or higher than in wild or greenhouse plants, in vitro-grown shoots, and root cultures. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate (50-125 µM) or mevalonate and induced mutagenesis were the most effective strategies that stimulated cell culture biosynthetic capacity. This review summarizes the current progress in cell culture application for the production of pharmacologically important Ajuga metabolites, discusses various approaches to improve the compound yield, and highlights the potential directions for future interventions.
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Shi H, Jiang X, Cao L, Peng X, Tan Q, Teng X, Gu Q, He L. Chemical constituents of Ajuga forrestii and their anti-ferroptosis activity. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105461. [PMID: 36804655 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Six new neoclerodane diterpenoids (1-6), along with ten known compounds (7-16), were isolated from Ajuga forrestii. Their structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, ECD calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure of a known neoclerodane diterpene ajudecunoid C (6) was revised based on the reported NMR empirical rules. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on RSL3-induced ferroptosis in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. Among them, compounds 8, 9, and 12 significantly inhibited RSL3-induced ferroptosis with EC50 values of 0.45 μM, 0.076 μM, and 0.14 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Shi
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiufen Jiang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liudan Cao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xing Peng
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qingyun Tan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xifeng Teng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Lingnan Medicinal Materials Production and Development, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Lin He
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cosmetics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, PR China.
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Investigation of Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Ajuga pyramidalis-Isolation of Iridoids and Phenylethanoid Glycosides. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010128. [PMID: 36677053 PMCID: PMC9860644 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several studies on the Ajuga L. genus, the chemical composition of Ajuga pyramidalis, an alpine endemic species, is still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to therefore deeper describe it, particularly from the phytochemistry and bioactivity perspectives. In that respect, A. pyramidalis was investigated and 95% of the extracted mass of the plant was characterized by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Apart from the already determined chemical compounds, namely, harpagide and 8-O-acetylharpagide, two iridoids, and neoajugapyrin A, a neo-clerodane diterpene, and three polyphenols (echinacoside, verbascoside and teupoloside) were identified for the first time in A. pyramidalis. Incidentally, the first RX structure of a harpagoside derivative is also described in this paper. The extracts and isolated compounds were then evaluated for various biochemical or biological activities; notably a targeted action on the renewal of the epidermis was highlighted with potential applications in the cosmetic field for anti-aging.
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7
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Metabolome analysis, nutrient and antioxidant potential of aerial and underground parts ofAjuga parviflora Benth. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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A review of chemical constituents from Ajuga nipponensis and their anti-inflammatory activities analysis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Olatunde OZ, Yong J, Lu C. Isolation, structural elucidation of new phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga decumbens Thunb. Steroids 2022; 186:109089. [PMID: 35843360 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Five new phytoecdysteroids (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were isolated from Ajuga decumbens Thunb. planted at Pingtan island of Fujian Province. Their structures were elucidated by NMR(1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, HMBC, HSQC, 1H-1H COSY, ROESY), and HRESIMS. Especially, compound 2 is the epimer of Cyasterone, which was directly confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olagoke Zacchaeus Olatunde
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Yong
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
| | - Canzhong Lu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Lee Y, Kim HM, Kim JH, Lee JH, Zhang KX, Gao EM, Jeon JS, Syed AS, Son RH, Kim JY, Kim CY. Chemical constituents of the Ajuga multiflora bunge and their protective effects on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1978-1985. [PMID: 36000191 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Ajuga multiflora Bunge is a perennial ornamental herb and has been used for the treatment of fever in Korean folk medicine. In the course of searching for protective agents associated with the potential of A. multiflora against dexamethsone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy, a new phytoecdysteroid, 29-hydroxyprecyasterone (1), together with four known compounds (2-5), were isolated from A. multiflora. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-MS interpretation. To elucidate the effects of obtained compounds on DEX-induced muscle atrophy, the myotubes diameter, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) positive area, and fusion index were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Overall, each compound treatment effectively prevented the atrophic myotubes through an increase of MyHC-positive myotubes and the number of nuclei. Particularly, the measurement of myotube diameter showed that compounds 1 and 5 treatment significantly alleviated the myotube thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Xuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - En Mei Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Shah Syed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Rak Ho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,R&D Center, Huons Co. Ltd, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Medicinal Importance of Ajuga Species in Iran: Ethnobotanical and Traditional Applications, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Studies. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.109209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Five species of the genus Ajuga (Lamiaceae) having the common name of "bugle" are found in Iran. In Persian medicine (PM), the genus Ajuga (Kamaphytus) is used for treating jaundice, joint pain, gout, amenorrhea, sciatica, and wound healing. This study aimed to review the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and biological activities of Ajuga species that grow in Iran to determine their therapeutic potentials and suggest further studies on the healing properties of this genus in Iran. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched for studies on Ajuga species in Iran, including "Ajuga austro-iranica," "Ajuga chamaecistus," "Ajuga comata" (Syn.: "Ajuga Chia," "Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. Chia"), "Ajuga orientalis," and "Ajuga reptans." The search period was from 1966 to February 2021. The related articles were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the current study. Results: Several ethnobotanical and pharmacologic reports have verified the traditional uses of the genus Ajuga for anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, analgesic, anabolic, anti-arthritis, antipyretic, and hepatoprotective activities. Numerous phytochemicals have been identified from Ajuga species involving phytoecdysteroids, neo-clerodane-diterpenes, iridoids, flavonoids, withanolides, phenylethyl glycoside, and essential oils. Conclusions: Due to the beneficial therapeutic effects of Ajuga genus, it can be considered in future clinical studies as a source of natural antioxidants, dietary supplements in the pharmaceutical industry, and stabilizing food against oxidative deterioration.
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Chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Ajuga parviflora Benth. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Wang Y, Liu YC, Li WY, Guo K, Liu Y, Li SH. Antifeedant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory neo-clerodane diterpenoids in the peltate glandular trichomes and fresh leaves of Ajuga forrestii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112731. [PMID: 33721797 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Lamiaceae plant Ajuga forrestii Diels is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with abundant glandular trichomes (GTs), but their chemistry and biological functions remain uninvestigated. Here, a panel of six highly functionalized neo-clerodane diterpenoids was localized to the peltate GTs of A. forrestii using laser microdissection coupled with HPLC analysis, indicating that the GTs of A. forrestii are an excellent material for the elucidation of the yet unclear biosynthetic pathway of natural neo-clerodane diterpenoids. In addition, four undescribed neo-clerodane diterpenoids with an acyclic C-9 side chain including two pairs of 1:1 mixture of inseparable diastereomers, ajuforrestins D-G, were isolated from the fresh leaves of A. forrestii together with six known compounds. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic (including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS) analyses. Biological assays indicated that the major GT compound ajugacumbin B and undescribed ajuforrestins D/E showed antifeedant activity against Helicoverpa armigera, suggesting that neo-clerodanes in A. forrestii should be involved in plant defence against insects. Moreover, the abietane diterpenoid ajuforrestin B exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity on the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines, NCI-H1975, HepG2 and MCF-7, suggesting that ajuforrestin B could positively contribute to the therapeutic effects of this traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Zanchi C, Lo LK, R R, Moritz I, Kurtz J, Müller C. Survival of the Sawfly Athalia rosae Upon Infection by an Entomopathogenic Fungus and in Relation to Clerodanoid Uptake. Front Physiol 2021; 12:637617. [PMID: 33841174 PMCID: PMC8024555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.637617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae are a pest of Brassicacae plants, as their feeding can cause defoliation of various crops of economic importance. The larvae and the adults of this sawfly species are known to take up different classes of chemical compounds from their respective host plants, with potentially deterrent functions against predators. In addition, compounds taken up by the adults, the clerodanoids, are known for their antimicrobial activity. These features could be a challenge to biocontrol strategies. Several natural enemies of A. rosae have been identified, targeting larval and pupal stages of A. rosae, which could potentially be used as biocontrol agents. However, targeting the adult stage of a larval pest in addition to targeting the juvenile stages may improve population control. In this study, we ask whether a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana shows biological activity against A. rosae adults. We also investigate whether the behavior of clerodanoid uptake by the adults, which is commonly found, affects their survival in response to a B. bassiana exposure. We found a clear dose-response relationship, i.e., with increasing fungal conidia concentrations survival of A. rosae decreased. However, there was only a low incidence of mycelial growth and sporulation from A. rosae cadavers, indicating that either the fungus is not successfully developing inside this host, or it is not able to re-emerge from it. Clerodanoid uptake decreased the survival of healthy adults; however, it did not increase their survival to B. bassiana. Our results revealed that this strain of B. bassiana if applied alone is probably not suitable for biocontrol of this sawfly species, because A. rosae showed a high baseline resistance against this fungus. The behavior of clerodanoid uptake is unlikely to have evolved as a defense against this entomopathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Zanchi
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lai Ka Lo
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Reshma R
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabel Moritz
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Liu W, Song Z, Wang H, Yang X, Joubert E, Zhang J, Li S, Tuerhong M, Abudukeremu M, Jin J, Xu J, Lee D, Guo Y. Diterpenoids as potential anti-inflammatory agents from Ajuga pantantha. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Dong B, Yang X, Liu W, An L, Zhang X, Tuerhong M, Du Q, Wang C, Abudukeremu M, Xu J, Lee D, Shuai L, Lall N, Guo Y. Anti-inflammatory neo-Clerodane Diterpenoids from Ajuga pantantha. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:894-904. [PMID: 32216313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eight new neo-clerodane diterpenoids (1-8) were acquired from the aerial parts of Ajuga pantantha. Spectroscopic data analysis permitted the definition of their structures, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data were used to define their absolute configurations. Compounds 2 and 4-8 were found to have NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 20.2, 45.5, 34.0, 27.0, 45.0, and 25.8 μM, respectively. The more potent compounds 2, 6, and 8 were analyzed to establish their anti-inflammatory mechanism, including regulation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins as well as their binding interactions with the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Du
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Munira Abudukeremu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang H, Ren QC, Ren Y, Zhao L, Yang F, Zhang Y, Zhao WJ, Tan YZ, Shen XF. Ajudecumin A from Ajuga ovalifolia var. calantha exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages and animal models of acute inflammation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:649-657. [PMID: 31070535 PMCID: PMC7011979 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1543331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ajuga ovalifolia Bur. et Franch. var. calantha (Diels) C. Y. Wu et C. Chen (Labiatae), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat several inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE To assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ajudecumin A isolated from Ajuga ovalifolia var. calantha, and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 μg/mL)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ajudecumin A (1-40 μM) in vitro. Nitric oxide levels were evaluated by Griess reagent. The mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined using qRT-PCR. Phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK and IκBα were detected by western Blot. To further assess the anti-inflammatory of ajudecumin A in vivo, mice were oral treated with ajudecumin A (10 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg, positive control) for 5 days before administration of carrageenan or xylene. Paw and ear edema were then measured, respectively. RESULTS Ajudecumin A (10-40 μM) decreased LPS-induced nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 16.19 μM. Ajudecumin A (20 and 40 μM) also attenuated cell spreading and formation of pseudopodia-like structures, and decreased the mRNA levels of iNOS (55.23-67.04%, p < 0.001), COX-2 (57.58-70.25%, p < 0.001), TNF-α (53.75-58.94%, p < 0.01-0.001), IL-1β (79.41-87.85%, p < 0.001) and IL-6 (54.26-80.52%, p < 0.01-0.001) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, ajudecumin A suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and IκBα, as well as IκBα degradation (p < 0.05-0.001). Finally, ajudecumin A (10 mg/kg) attenuated carrageenan- and xylene-induced inflammation in mice by about 28 and 24%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Ajudecumin A exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo through inhibition on NF-κB and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways, suggesting that ajudecumin A may be potentially developed as a lead compound in anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Cuo Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Ji Zhao
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy and College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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