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Raghuwanshi S, Gartel AL. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1: Current challenges and future perspectives in cancer treatments. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189015. [PMID: 37913940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) protein M1 (FOXM1) is a critical proliferation-associated transcription factor (TF) that is aberrantly overexpressed in the majority of human cancers and has also been implicated in poor prognosis. A comprehensive understanding of various aspects of this molecule has revealed its role in, cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. The FOXM1 as a TF directly or indirectly regulates the expression of several target genes whose dysregulation is associated with almost all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, FOXM1 expression is associated with chemoresistance to different anti-cancer drugs. Several studies have confirmed that suppression of FOXM1 enhanced the drug sensitivity of various types of cancer cells. Current data suggest that small molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1 in combination with anticancer drugs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for chemo-resistant cancers. In this review, we discuss the clinical utility of FOXM1, further, we summarize and discuss small-molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1 and categorize them according to their mechanisms of targeting FOXM1. Despite great progress, small-molecule inhibitors targeting FOXM1 face many challenges, and we present here all small-molecule FOXM1 inhibitors in different stages of development. We discuss the current challenges and provide insights on the future application of FOXM1 inhibition to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Raghuwanshi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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2
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Akhlaghipour I, Fanoodi A, Zangouei AS, Taghehchian N, Khalili-Tanha G, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the Critical Regulators of Forkhead Box Protein Family in Pancreatic, Thyroid, and Liver Cancers. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1645-1674. [PMID: 36781813 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of human body is mainly regulated by the pancreas, liver, and thyroid using the hormones or exocrine secretions that affect the metabolic processes from food digestion to intracellular metabolism. Therefore, metabolic organ disorders have wide clinical symptoms that severely affect the quality of patient's life. The pancreatic, liver, and thyroid cancers as the main malignancies of the metabolic system have always been considered as one of the serious health challenges worldwide. Despite the novel therapeutic modalities, there are still significant high mortality and recurrence rates, especially in liver and pancreatic cancer patients which are mainly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to assess the molecular bases of tumor progressions to introduce novel early detection and therapeutic markers in these malignancies. Forkhead box (FOX) protein family is a group of transcription factors that have pivotal roles in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. They function as oncogene or tumor suppressor during tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also involved in regulation of cellular processes. Therefore, in the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs during pancreatic, thyroid, and liver tumor progressions through FOX regulation. It has been shown that miRNAs were mainly involved in tumor progression via FOXM and FOXO targeting. This review paves the way for the introduction of miR/FOX axis as an efficient early detection marker and therapeutic target in pancreatic, thyroid, and liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Fanoodi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by phytochemicals: Therapeutic implications in malignancies with an emphasis on brain tumors. Biofactors 2023; 49:782-819. [PMID: 37162294 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the multimechanistic nature of cancers, current chemo- or radiotherapies often fail to eradicate disease pathology, and frequent relapses or resistance to therapies occur. Brain malignancies, particularly glioblastomas, are difficult-to-treat cancers due to their highly malignant and multidimensional biology. Unfortunately, patients suffering from malignant tumors often experience poor prognoses and short survival periods. Thus far, significant efforts have been conducted to discover novel and more effective modalities. To that end, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has attracted tremendous interest since it affects the homeostasis of proteins critically engaged in various cell functions, for example, cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. With their safe and multimodal actions, phytochemicals are among the promising therapeutic tools capable of turning the operation of various UPS elements. The present review, along with an updated outline of the role of UPS dysregulation in multiple cancers, provided a detailed discussion on the impact of phytochemicals on the UPS function in malignancies, especially brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Donovan J, Deng Z, Bian F, Shukla S, Gomez-Arroyo J, Shi D, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV. Improving anti-tumor efficacy of low-dose Vincristine in rhabdomyosarcoma via the combination therapy with FOXM1 inhibitor RCM1. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1112859. [PMID: 36816948 PMCID: PMC9933126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma that often develops resistance to current therapies, including vincristine. Since the existing treatments have not significantly improved survival, there is a critical need for new therapeutic approaches for RMS patients. FOXM1, a known oncogene, is highly expressed in RMS, and is associated with the worst prognosis in RMS patients. In the present study, we found that the combination treatment with specific FOXM1 inhibitor RCM1 and low doses of vincristine is more effective in increasing apoptosis and decreasing RMS cell proliferation in vitro compared to single drugs alone. Since RCM1 is highly hydrophobic, we developed innovative nanoparticle delivery system containing poly-beta-amino-esters and folic acid (NPFA), which efficiently delivers RCM1 to mouse RMS tumors in vivo. The combination of low doses of vincristine together with intravenous administration of NPFA nanoparticles containing RCM1 effectively reduced RMS tumor volumes, increased tumor cell death and decreased tumor cell proliferation in RMS tumors compared to RCM1 or vincristine alone. The combination therapy was non-toxic as demonstrated by liver metabolic panels using peripheral blood serum. Using RNA-seq of dissected RMS tumors, we identified Chac1 as a uniquely downregulated gene after the combination treatment. Knockdown of Chac1 in RMS cells in vitro recapitulated the effects of the combination therapy. Altogether, combination treatment with low doses of vincristine and nanoparticle delivery of FOXM1 inhibitor RCM1 in a pre-clinical model of RMS has superior anti-tumor effects and decreases CHAC1 while reducing vincristine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Donovan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zicheng Deng
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Fenghua Bian
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tanya V. Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Tanya V. Kalin,
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Zhang Z, Liu W, Bao X, Sun T, Wang J, Li M, Liu C. USP39 facilitates breast cancer cell proliferation through stabilization of FOXM1. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3644-3661. [PMID: 36119839 PMCID: PMC9442023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzyme dysregulation has been linked to the development of a variety of human malignancies, including breast cancer. However, the exact involvement of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP39 in the progression of breast cancer is yet unknown. Cell viability and colony formation analysis was used to assess the effects of USP39 knockdown on breast cancer cells in this study. The interaction between USP39 and FOXM1 was investigated using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and in vitro deubiquitination analysis. The expression of USP39 and FOXM1 in breast cancer tissues was studied using the TCGA database. According to our findings, USP39 deubiquitinates and stabilizes FOXM1, promoting breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, elevated USP39 expression lowers FOXM1 ubiquitination, resulting in increased transcriptional activity. In addition, the high expression of USP39 reduces the ubiquitination of FOXM1, thereby enhancing the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 and regulating the expression of downstream genes Cdc25b and Plk1. USP39 is positively correlated with the expression level of FOXM1 in breast cancer cells. In general, our research revealed the USP39-FOXM1 axis as a critical driver of breast cancer cell proliferation and provided a theoretical foundation for targeting the USP39-FOXM1 axis for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwang Zhang
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437000, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical CollegeXianning 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437000, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical CollegeXianning 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiajun Bao
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437000, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical CollegeXianning 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Sun
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437000, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical CollegeXianning 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437000, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical CollegeXianning 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- Science and Technology Industry Management Office, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning 437000, Hubei, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical CollegeXianning 437000, Hubei, China
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6
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FOXM1 Is a Novel Molecular Target of AFP-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Abrogated by Proteasome Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158305. [PMID: 35955438 PMCID: PMC9368809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal protein that is elevated in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with poor prognosis, but the molecular target activated in AFP-positive HCC remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is upregulated in AFP-positive HCC. We found that FOXM1 expression was highly elevated in approximately 40% of HCC cases, and FOXM1-high HCC was associated with high serum AFP levels, a high frequency of microscopic portal vein invasion, and poor prognosis. A transcriptome and pathway analysis revealed the activation of the mitotic cell cycle and the inactivation of mature hepatocyte metabolism function in FOXM1-high HCC. The knockdown of FOXM1 reduced AFP expression and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. We further identified that the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib attenuated FOXM1 protein expression and suppressed cell proliferation in AFP-positive HCC cells. Carfilzomib in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) blockade significantly prolonged survival by suppressing AFP-positive HCC growth in a subcutaneous tumor xenotransplantation model. These data indicated that FOXM1 plays a pivotal role in the proliferation of AFP-positive liver cancer cells. Carfilzomib can effectively inhibit FOXM1 expression to inhibit tumor growth and could be a novel therapeutic option in patients with AFP-positive HCC who receive anti-VEGFR2 antibodies.
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7
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Chen J, Yu X, Xu B. Siomycin A Induces Cytotoxicity in Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting AKT/FOXM1 Axis. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.691.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Perez DJ, Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Bergman C, Dufour J, Wuest M, Juengling FD, Wuest F, Velazquez-Martinez CA. FOXM1 inhibitors as potential diagnostic agents: 1st generation of a PET probe targeting FOXM1 to detect triple negative-breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3720-3729. [PMID: 34402202 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The FOXM1 protein controls the expression of essential genes related to cancer cell cycle progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We hypothesize that FOXM1 inhibitors could represent a novel approach to develop 18 F-based radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Therefore, in this report we describe the first attempt to use 18 F-labeled FOXM1 inhibitors to detect triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Briefly, we replaced the original amide group in the parent drug FDI-6 for a ketone group in the novel AF-FDI molecule, to carry out an aromatic nucleophilic ( 18 F)-fluorination. AF-FDI dissociated the FOXM1-DNA complex, decreased FOXM1 levels, and inhibited cell proliferation in a TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231). [ 18 F]AF-FDI was internalized in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell uptake inhibition experiments showed that AF-FDI and FDI-6 significantly decreased the maximum uptake of [ 18 F]AF-FDI, suggesting specificity towards FOXM1. [ 18 F]AF-FDI reached a tumor uptake of SUV = 0.31 in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice and was metabolically stable 60 min post-injection. These results provide preliminary evidence supporting the potential role of FOXM1 to develop PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Perez
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Edmonton, CANADA
| | | | - Cody Bergman
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, T6E 2E1, Edmonton, CANADA
| | - Jennifer Dufour
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, T6E 2E1, Edmonton, CANADA
| | - Melinda Wuest
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, T6E 2E1, Edmonton, CANADA
| | | | - Frank Wuest
- University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, T6E 2E1, Edmonton, CANADA
| | - Carlos Alberto Velazquez-Martinez
- University of Alberta, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142-L Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 11361 - 87 Avenue, T6G 2E1, Edmonton, CANADA
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Liang SK, Hsu CC, Song HL, Huang YC, Kuo CW, Yao X, Li CC, Yang HC, Hung YL, Chao SY, Wu SC, Tsai FR, Chen JK, Liao WN, Cheng SC, Tsou TC, Wang IC. FOXM1 is required for small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis and associated with poor clinical prognosis. Oncogene 2021; 40:4847-4858. [PMID: 34155349 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) continues to cause poor clinical outcomes due to limited advances in sustained treatments for rapid cancer cell proliferation and progression. The transcriptional factor Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) regulates cell proliferation, tumor initiation, and progression in multiple cancer types. However, its biological function and clinical significance in SCLC remain unestablished. Analysis of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and SCLC datasets in the present study disclosed significant upregulation of FOXM1 mRNA in SCLC cell lines and tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that FOXM1 is positively correlated with pathways regulating cell proliferation and DNA damage repair, as evident from sensitization of FOXM1-depleted SCLC cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, Foxm1 knockout inhibited SCLC formation in the Rb1fl/flTrp53fl/flMycLSL/LSL (RPM) mouse model associated with increased levels of neuroendocrine markers, Ascl1 and Cgrp, and decrease in Yap1. Consistently, FOXM1 depletion in NCI-H1688 SCLC cells reduced migration and enhanced apoptosis and sensitivity to cisplatin and etoposide. SCLC with high FOXM1 expression (N = 30, 57.7%) was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage, extrathoracic metastases, and decrease in overall survival (OS), compared with the low-FOXM1 group (7.90 vs. 12.46 months). Moreover, the high-FOXM1 group showed shorter progression-free survival after standard chemotherapy, compared with the low-FOXM1 group (3.90 vs. 8.69 months). Our collective findings support the utility of FOXM1 as a prognostic biomarker and potential molecular target for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chan Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Song
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Kuo
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Yao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Chao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chi Wu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ren Tsai
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Neng Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Gao Y, Xu D, Li H, Xu J, Pan Y, Liao X, Qian J, Hu Y, Yu G. Avasimibe Dampens Cholangiocarcinoma Progression by Inhibiting FoxM1-AKR1C1 Signaling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:677678. [PMID: 34127944 PMCID: PMC8195695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avasimibe is a bioavailable acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor and shows a good antitumor effect in various human solid tumors, but its therapeutic value in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In the study, we proved that avasimibe retard cell proliferation and tumor growth of CCAs and identified FoxM1/AKR1C1 axis as the potential novel targets of avasimibe. Aldo-keto reductase 1 family member C1 (AKR1C1) is gradually increased along with the disease progression and highly expressed in human CCAs. From survival analysis, AKR1C1 could be a vital predictor of tumor recurrence and prognostic factor. Enforced Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) expression results in the upregulation of AKR1C1, whereas silencing FoxM1 do the opposite. FoxM1 directly binds to promoter of AKR1C1 and triggers its transcription, while FoxM1-binding site mutation decreases AKR1C1 promoter activity. Moreover, over-expressing exogenous FoxM1 reverses the growth retardation of CCA cells induced by avasimibe administration, while silencing AKR1C1 in FoxM1-overexpressing again retard cell growth. Furthermore, FoxM1 expression significantly correlates with the AKR1C1 expression in human CCA specimens. Our study demonstrates a novel positive regulatory between FoxM1 and AKR1C1 contributing cell growth and tumor progression of CCA and avasimibe may be an alternative therapeutic option for CCA by targeting this FoxM1/AKR1C1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Gao
- Department of Oncology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The 71st Group Army Hospital of People's Liberation Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Pan
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Liao
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Qian
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Precision Medical Center laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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Roßwag S, Cotarelo CL, Pantel K, Riethdorf S, Sleeman JP, Schmidt M, Thaler S. Functional Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) from Metastatic ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer Reveals Dependence on HER2 and FOXM1 for Endocrine Therapy Resistance and Tumor Cell Survival: Implications for Treatment of ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081810. [PMID: 33920089 PMCID: PMC8070196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acquired endocrine resistance and late recurrence in patients with ER+/HER2− breast cancer are complex and not fully understood. Here, we evaluated mechanisms of acquired resistance in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from an ER+/HER2− breast cancer patient who initially responded but later progressed under endocrine treatment. We found a switch from ERα-dependent to HER2-dependent and ERα-independent expression of FOXM1, which may enable disseminated ER+/HER2− cells to re-initiate tumor cell growth and metastasis formation in the presence of endocrine treatment. We found that NFkB signaling sustains HER2 and FOXM1 expression in CTCs in the presence of ERα inhibitors suggesting that NFkB and FOXM1 might be an efficient therapeutic approach to prevent late recurrence and to treat endocrine resistance. Collectively our data show that CTCs from patients with endocrine resistance allow mechanisms of acquired endocrine resistance to be delineated, and can be used to test potential drug regimens for combatting resistance. Abstract Mechanisms of acquired endocrine resistance and late recurrence in patients with ER+/HER2− breast cancer are complex and not fully understood. Here, we evaluated mechanisms of acquired resistance in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from an ER+/HER2− breast cancer patient who initially responded but later progressed under endocrine treatment. We found a switch from ERα-dependent to HER2-dependent and ERα-independent expression of FOXM1, which may enable disseminated ER+/HER2− cells to re-initiate tumor cell growth and metastasis formation in the presence of endocrine treatment. Our results also suggest a role for HER2 in resistance, even in ER+ breast cancer cells that have neither HER2 amplification nor activating HER2 mutations. We found that NFkB signaling sustains HER2 and FOXM1 expression in CTCs in the presence of ERα inhibitors. Inhibition of NFkB signaling blocked expression of HER2 and FOXM1 in the CTCs, and induced apoptosis. Thus, targeting of NFkB and FOXM1 might be an efficient therapeutic approach to prevent late recurrence and to treat endocrine resistance. Collectively our data show that CTCs from patients with endocrine resistance allow mechanisms of acquired endocrine resistance to be delineated, and can be used to test potential drug regimens for combatting resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Roßwag
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany or (S.R.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Cristina L. Cotarelo
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (K.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany or (S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus Nord, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Biological Information Processing, 76344 Eggenstein-Leupoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany or (S.R.); (J.P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-3837-1599
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12
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Shao X, Zhang F, Gao X, Xu F. Siomycin A induces reactive oxygen species-mediated cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:431. [PMID: 33868469 PMCID: PMC8045165 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide and accounts for 4% of all cancer cases in female patients. To date, ovarian cancer has the poorest prognosis among all types of gynecological cancer; thus, it is necessary to identify prospective therapeutic options. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytotoxicity of various anticancer drugs against several types of carcinoma, including ovarian cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of Siomycin A, a thiopeptide antibiotic, on the ovarian cancer cell lines PA1 and OVCAR3. To determine the viability of these cells following exposure to Siomycin A, the MTT assay was used, and apoptosis was determined by ELISA. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC1 staining, and cellular ROS levels were assessed by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining in the presence and absence of antioxidant NAC. The subsequent levels of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione were also determined following Siomycin A treatment in the two cell lines. A combination study with Siomycin A and cisplatin indicated enhanced efficiency of the drugs on ovarian cancer cell viability. The results of the present study also demonstrated that Siomycin A induced ROS production, inhibited the major antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and intracellular GSH in PA1 and OVCAR3 cells, and inhibited the cell viability with an IC50 of ~5.0 and 2.5 µM after 72 h respectively compared with the untreated controls. Additionally, the Siomycin A-induced ROS production further targeted apoptotic cell death by impairing the mitochondrial membrane potential and modulating the levels of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins compared with those in the corresponding control groups. The administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly abrogated the cytotoxic effects of Siomycin A. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated the role of ROS in Siomycin A-mediated cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hospital of Tinglin, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hospital of Tinglin, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hospital of Tinglin, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hospital of Tinglin, Shanghai 201505, P.R. China
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13
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Yang X, Yang S, Song J, Yang W, Ji Y, Zhang F, Rao J. Dysregulation of miR-23b-5p promotes cell proliferation via targeting FOXM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 33723252 PMCID: PMC7960996 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in contributing to tumor development and progression. However, the underlying role and mechanisms of miR-23b-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation remain unclear. Our study showed that miR-23b-5p was downregulated in the HCC tissues and cell lines, and lower expression of miR-23b-5p was associated with more severe tumor size and poorer survival. Gain- or loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-23b-5p induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. qRT-PCR, western blot and luciferase assays verified that Mammalian transcription factor Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), upregulated in HCC specimens, was negatively correlated with miR-23b-5p expression and acted as a direct downstream target of miR-23b-5p. In addition, miR-23b-5p could regulate cyclin D1 and c-MYC expression by directly targeting FOXM1. Further study revealed that restoration of FOXM1 neutralized the cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation inhibition caused by miR-23b-5p. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-23b-5p acted as a tumor suppressor role in HCC progression by targeting FOXM1 and may serve as a potential novel biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Yang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Song
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.
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14
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FOXM1 Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer Tissue Cultures Affects Individual Treatment Susceptibility Ex Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050956. [PMID: 33668819 PMCID: PMC7956612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Late diagnosis of ovarian cancer is a major reason for the high mortality rate of this tumor entity. The time to determine tumor susceptibility to treatment is scarce and resistance to therapy occurs very frequently. Here, we aim for a model system that can determine tumor response to (I) study novel drugs and (II) enhance patient stratification. Tissue specimens (n = 10) were acquired from fresh surgical samples. Tissue cultures were cultivated and treated with clinically relevant therapeutics and an FOXM1 inhibitor for 3–6 days. The transcription factor FOXM1 is a key regulator of tumor survival affecting multiple cancerogenic target genes. Gene expression of FOXM1 and its targets BRCA1/2 and RAD51 were investigated together with tumor susceptibility. Tissue cultures successfully demonstrated the individual benefit of FOXM1 inhibition and revealed the potency of the complex model system for oncological research. Abstract Diagnosis in an advanced state is a major hallmark of ovarian cancer and recurrence after first line treatment is common. With upcoming novel therapies, tumor markers that support patient stratification are urgently needed to prevent ineffective therapy. Therefore, the transcription factor FOXM1 is a promising target in ovarian cancer as it is frequently overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis. In this study, fresh tissue specimens of 10 ovarian cancers were collected to investigate tissue cultures in their ability to predict individual treatment susceptibility and to identify the benefit of FOXM1 inhibition. FOXM1 inhibition was induced by thiostrepton (3 µM). Carboplatin (0.2, 2 and 20 µM) and olaparib (10 µM) were applied and tumor susceptibility was analyzed by tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis in immunofluorescence microscopy. Resistance mechanisms were investigated by determining the gene expression of FOXM1 and its targets BRCA1/2 and RAD51. Ovarian cancer tissue was successfully maintained for up to 14 days ex vivo, preserving morphological characteristics of the native specimen. Thiostrepton downregulated FOXM1 expression in tissue culture. Individual responses were observed after combined treatment with carboplatin or olaparib. Thus, we successfully implemented a complex tissue culture model to ovarian cancer and showed potential benefit of combined FOXM1 inhibition.
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Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Pérez DJ, Gopal K, Haque M, Ussher JR, Kashfi K, Velázquez-Martínez CA. SP1-independent inhibition of FOXM1 by modified thiazolidinediones. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112902. [PMID: 33069434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This research article describes an approach to modify the thiazolidinedione scaffold to produce test drugs capable of binding to, and inhibit, the in vitro transcriptional activity of the oncogenic protein FOXM1. This approach allowed us to obtain FOXM1 inhibitors that bind directly to the FOXM1-DNA binding domain without targeting the expression levels of Sp1, an upstream transcription factor protein known to activate the expression of FOXM1. Briefly, we modified the chemical structure of the thiazolidinedione scaffold present in anti-diabetic medications such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and the former anti-diabetic drug troglitazone, because these drugs have been reported to exert inhibition of FOXM1 but hit other targets as well. After the chemical synthesis of 11 derivatives possessing a modified thiazolidinedione moiety, we screened all test compounds using in vitro protocols to measure their ability to (a) dissociate a FOXM1-DNA complex (EMSA assay); (b) decrease the expression of FOXM1 in triple negative-breast cancer cells (WB assay); (c) downregulate the expression of FOXM1 downstream targets (luciferase reporter assays and qPCR); and inhibit the formation of colonies of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells (colony formation assay). We also identified a potential binding mode associated with these compounds in which compound TFI-10, one of the most active molecules, exerts binding interactions with Arg289, Trp308, and His287. Unlike the parent drug, troglitazone, compound TFI-10 does not target the in vitro expression of Sp1, suggesting that it is possible to design FOXM1 inhibitors with a better selectivity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Pérez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Moinul Haque
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
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16
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Kyriazoglou A, Liontos M, Zakopoulou R, Kaparelou M, Tsiara A, Papatheodoridi AM, Georgakopoulou R, Zagouri F. The Role of the Hippo Pathway in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis, Prognosis, and Treatment: A Systematic Review. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 16:6-15. [PMID: 33716627 DOI: 10.1159/000507538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hippo pathway is a developmental pathway recently discovered in Drosophila melanogaster; in mammals it normally controls organ development and wound healing. Hippo signaling is deregulated in breast cancer (BC). MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases are the upstream molecular elements of Hippo signaling which phosphorylate and regulate the two effectors of Hippo signaling, YAP1 and TAZ cotranscriptional activators. The two molecular effectors of the Hippo pathway facilitate their activity through TEAD transcription factors. Several molecular pathways with known oncogenic functions cross-talk with the Hippo pathway. Methods A systematic review studying the correlation of the Hippo pathway with BC tumorigenesis, prognosis, and treatment was performed. Results Recent literature highlights the critical role of Hippo signaling in a wide spectrum of biological mechanisms in BC. Discussion The Hippo pathway has a crucial position in BC molecular biology, cellular behavior, and response to treatment. Targeting the Hippo pathway could potentially improve the prognosis and outcome of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Roubini Zakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kaparelou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Tsiara
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
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17
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Forkhead box M1 transcription factor: a novel target for pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:113-119. [PMID: 31190319 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), a member of forkhead family, plays a key role in carcinogenesis, progression, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Based on the similarities between cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension, studies on the roles and mechanisms of FoxM1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension have been increasing. This article aims to review recent advances in the mechanisms of signal transduction associated with FoxM1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. DATA SOURCES Articles were retrieved from PubMed and MEDLINE published after 1990, including-but not limited to-FoxM1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension. RESULTS FoxM1 is overexpressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in both pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and animal models, and promotes pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis via regulating cell cycle progression. Multiple signaling molecules and pathways, including hypoxia-inducible factors, transforming growth factor-β/Smad, SET domain-containing 3/vascular endothelial growth factor, survivin, cell cycle regulatory genes and DNA damage response network, are reported to cross talk with FoxM1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proteasome inhibitors are effective in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting the expression and transcriptional activity of FoxM1. CONCLUSIONS FoxM1 has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and may represent a novel therapeutic target. But more details of interaction between FoxM1 and other signaling pathways need to be clarified in the future.
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18
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Cheng L, Wang Q, Tao X, Qin Y, Wu Q, Zheng D, Chai D, Zhang Y, Lu D, Ci H, Wang Z, Ma J, Wang D, Cheng Z, Wu S, Tao Y. FOXM 1 induces Vasculogenic mimicry in esophageal cancer through β-catenin /Tcf4 signaling. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:14. [PMID: 32035486 PMCID: PMC7007660 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of FOXM1, β-catenin and TCF4 in esophageal cancer (EC) and their relationship to VM (Vasculogenic Mimicry). Methods CCK-8 were performed to examine EC cell proliferation in FOXM1 silenced cells. EC cell migration and invasion were investigated through wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The formation of pipe like structures were assessed in 3D cultures. The expression of Foxm1, β-catenin, Tcf4 and E-cadherin were investigated through western blot, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The relationship between FOXM1 expression, clinic-pathological features, and overall survival (OS) were further analyzed. Results A loss of FOXM1 expression correlated with the OS of ESCC patients. FOXM1 silencing led to a loss of cell growth and suppressed cell migration and invasion in ESCC cells. VM structures were identified in ESCC tissues and human EC cell lines. Mechanistically, FOXM1 was found to promote tumorigenesis through the regulation of β-catenin, Tcf4, and E-cadherin in EC cells, leading to the formation of VM structures. Conclusions These findings highlight FoxM1 as a novel therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Tao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yanzi Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dafang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Damin Chai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dongbing Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongfei Ci
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zenong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yisheng Tao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China.
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Fenretinide reduces angiogenesis by downregulating CDH5, FOXM1 and eNOS genes and suppressing microRNA-10b. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1649-1658. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Ai C, Zhang J, Lian S, Ma J, Győrffy B, Qian Z, Han Y, Feng Q. FOXM1 functions collaboratively with PLAU to promote gastric cancer progression. J Cancer 2020; 11:788-794. [PMID: 31949481 PMCID: PMC6959008 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main mortality cause worldwide. Previously, we found Forkhead box protein (FOXM1) or Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) are independent prognostic markers of GC. This study aims to explore the combining prognostic efficacy and the potential insights underlying additive effect of FOXM1 to PLAU in GC progression through in-silico analyses. Method: The expression of FOXM1 and PLAU were profiled in 33 cancer types using public data. A merged GC expression dataset containing 598 samples was used for evaluating prognostic significance of FOXM1/PLAU. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FOXM1/PLAU promoted GC progression. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used for analyzing the association between FOXM1/PLAU and tumor immune infiltration. Genomic and proteomic differences between FOXM1+PLAU+ and FOXM1-PLAU- groups were also computed using TCGA GC data. Drugs targeting FOXM1/PLAU associated gene expression pattern was analyzed using LINCs database. Results: FOXM1 and PLAU are overexpressed in 17/33 cancer types including GC. Kaplan-Meier analyses indicate that the FOXM1+PLAU+ subgroup have the worst prognosis, while FOXM1-PLAU- subgroup have the best survival. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that FOXM1+PLAU+ associated genes are enriched in TGF-beta, DNA repair and drug resistance signaling pathways; FOXM1 and PLAU expression are negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration. Genomic and proteomic differences between FOXM1+PLAU+ and FOXM1-PLAU- groups were presented. Data mining from LINCs suggested several chemicals or drugs that could target the gene expression pattern of FOXM1+PLAU+ patients. Conclusion: FOXM1+PLAU+ can serve as effective prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for GC. Due to the additive effect of these two genes, screening for drugs or chemicals that targeting the expression patterns PLAU+FOXM1+ subgroup may exert important clinical impact on GC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P. R. China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyi Lian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Zhenyuan Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Han
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
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Jin F, Xiao D, Zhao T, Yu M. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-cell migration by increasing ESE3 expression. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:858-868. [PMID: 31897200 PMCID: PMC6924158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 has been examined in numerous human cancer types; however, its influence on the metastasis and progression of pancreatic cancer is yet to be determined. In the present study, the effect of MG132 treatment on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (SW1990 and PANC-1) was examined. Compared with the control groups, MG132 treatment resulted in higher expression levels of ETS homologous factor (ESE3), a crucial member of the E26 transformation-specific family that is central to various differentiation and development processes in epithelial tissues. MG132 treatment also increased the nuclear translocation of ESE3. Mechanistically, MG132 further inhibited the invasion and migration of PDAC cells by promoting E-cadherin expression, which not only plays an important role in cell-cell adhesion, but is also a direct target of ESE3. Furthermore, subsequent knockdown experiments, using short interfering RNAs, demonstrated that MG132 upregulated E-cadherin via an increase in ESE3 expression. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that MG132 treatment inhibits PDAC metastasis, highlighting the potential of MG132 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjie Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Tiansuo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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22
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High impact of miRNA-4521 on FOXM1 expression in medulloblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:696. [PMID: 31541075 PMCID: PMC6754377 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, an embryonal tumor of the cerebellum/fourth ventricle, is one of the most frequent malignant brain tumors in children. Although genetic variants are increasingly used in treatment stratification, survival of high-risk patients, characterized by leptomeningeal dissemination, TP53 mutation or MYC amplification, is still poor. FOXM1, a proliferation-specific oncogenic transcription factor, is deregulated in various solid tumors, including medulloblastoma, and triggers cellular proliferation, migration and genomic instability. In tissue samples obtained from medulloblastoma patients, the significant upregulation of FOXM1 was associated with a loss of its putative regulating microRNA, miR-4521. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated the effect of miR-4521 on the expression of the transcription factor FOXM1 in medulloblastoma cell lines. Transfection of this microRNA reduced proliferation and invasion of several medulloblastoma cell lines and induced programmed cell death through activation of caspase 3/7. Further, downstream targets of FOXM1 such as PLK1 and cyclin B1 were significantly reduced thus affecting the cell cycle progression in medulloblastoma cell lines. In conclusion, a restoration of miRNA-4521 may selectively suppress the pathophysiological effect of aberrant FOXM1 expression and serve as a targeted approach for medulloblastoma therapy.
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23
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Kongsema M, Wongkhieo S, Khongkow M, Lam EWF, Boonnoy P, Vongsangnak W, Wong-Ekkabut J. Molecular mechanism of Forkhead box M1 inhibition by thiostrepton in breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:953-962. [PMID: 31322278 PMCID: PMC6667886 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancies in women worldwide, and genotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are effective by causing DNA damage in cancer cells. However, >90% of patients with metastatic cancer are resistant to chemotherapy. The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor plays a pivotal role in the resistance of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy by promoting DNA damage repair following genotoxic drug treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibition of the FOXM1 protein by thiostrepton, a natural antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces species. Experimental studies were designed to examine the effectiveness of thiostrepton in downregulating FOXM1 mRNA expression and activity, leading to senescence and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of thiostrepton in breast cancer was determined using cell viability assay. Additionally, thiostrepton treatment decreased the mRNA expression of cyclin B1 (CCNB1), a downstream target of FOXM1. The present results indicated that thiostrepton inhibited FOXM1 mRNA expression and its effect on CCNB1. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the interactions between FOXM1-DNA and thiostrepton after molecular docking. The results revealed that the possible mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of thiostrepton on FOXM1 function was by forming a tight complex with the DNA and FOXM1 via its binding domain. Collectively, these results indicated that thiostrepton is a specific and direct inhibitor of the FOXM1 protein in breast cancer. The findings of the present study may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and help overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesayamas Kongsema
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sudtirak Wongkhieo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Phansiri Boonnoy
- Computational Biomodelling Laboratory for Agricultural Science and Technology (CBLAST), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jirasak Wong-Ekkabut
- Computational Biomodelling Laboratory for Agricultural Science and Technology (CBLAST), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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24
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Shukla S, Milewski D, Pradhan A, Rama N, Rice K, Le T, Flick MJ, Vaz S, Zhao X, Setchell KD, Logarinho E, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV. The FOXM1 Inhibitor RCM-1 Decreases Carcinogenesis and Nuclear β-Catenin. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1217-1229. [PMID: 31040162 PMCID: PMC7341442 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 has been previously shown to play a critical role in carcinogenesis by inducing cellular proliferation in multiple cancer types. A small-molecule compound, Robert Costa Memorial drug-1 (RCM-1), has been recently identified from high-throughput screen as an inhibitor of FOXM1 in vitro and in mouse model of allergen-mediated lung inflammation. In the present study, we examined antitumor activities of RCM-1 using tumor models. Treatment with RCM-1 inhibited tumor cell proliferation as evidenced by increased cell-cycle duration. Confocal imaging of RCM-1-treated tumor cells indicated that delay in cellular proliferation was concordant with inhibition of FOXM1 nuclear localization in these cells. RCM-1 reduced the formation and growth of tumor cell colonies in the colony formation assay. In animal models, RCM-1 treatment inhibited growth of mouse rhabdomyosarcoma Rd76-9, melanoma B16-F10, and human H2122 lung adenocarcinoma. RCM-1 decreased FOXM1 protein in the tumors, reduced tumor cell proliferation, and increased tumor cell apoptosis. RCM-1 decreased protein levels and nuclear localization of β-catenin, and inhibited protein-protein interaction between β-catenin and FOXM1 in cultured tumor cells and in vivo Altogether, our study provides important evidence of antitumor potential of the small-molecule compound RCM-1, suggesting that RCM-1 can be a promising candidate for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriddhi Shukla
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David Milewski
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Arun Pradhan
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nihar Rama
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kathryn Rice
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tien Le
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sara Vaz
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
| | - Xueheng Zhao
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kenneth D Setchell
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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25
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Hu G, Yan Z, Zhang C, Cheng M, Yan Y, Wang Y, Deng L, Lu Q, Luo S. FOXM1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating KIF4A expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:188. [PMID: 31072351 PMCID: PMC6507024 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a proliferation-associated transcription factor of the forkhead box proteins superfamily, which includes four isoforms FOXM1a, b, c, and d. FOXM1 has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we aim to clarify the molecular basis for FOXM1-mediated HCC progression. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was used to explore the differentially expressed genes predicting HCC proliferation. The expression of FOXM1 and kinesin family member (KIF)4A was confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in HCC tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to analyze the clinical impact of FOXM1 and KIF4A on HCC. The effect of FOXM1 on the regulation of KIF4A expression was studied in cell biology experiments. The interaction between KIF4A and FOXM1 was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase experiments. A series of experiments was performed to explore the functions of FOXM1/KIF4A in HCC progression, such as cell proliferation, cell growth, cell viability, and cell cycle. A xenograft mouse model was used to explore the regulatory effect of FOXM1-KIF4A axis on HCC tumor growth. RESULTS FOXM1 and KIF4A were overexpressed in human primary HCC tissues compared to that in matched adjacent normal liver tissue and are significant risk factors for HCC recurrence and shorter survival. We found that KIF4A was dominantly regulated by FOXM1c among the four isoforms, and further identified KIF4A as a direct downstream target of FOXM1c. Inhibiting FOXM1 decreased KIF4A expression in HCC cells, whereas its overexpression had the opposite effect. FOXM1-induced HCC cell proliferation was dependent on elevated KIF4A expression as KIF4A knockdown abolished FOXM1-induced proliferation of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The FOXM1-KIF4A axis mediates human HCC progression and is a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Hu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengwei Yan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minzhang Cheng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yehong Yan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. .,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, 17 Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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26
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Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in the chronic inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:165-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Bach DH, Long NP, Luu TTT, Anh NH, Kwon SW, Lee SK. The Dominant Role of Forkhead Box Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3279. [PMID: 30360388 PMCID: PMC6213973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are multifaceted transcription factors that are significantly implicated in cancer, with various critical roles in biological processes. Herein, we provide an overview of several key members of the FOXA, FOXC, FOXM1, FOXO and FOXP subfamilies. Important pathophysiological processes of FOX transcription factors at multiple levels in a context-dependent manner are discussed. We also specifically summarize some major aspects of FOX transcription factors in association with cancer research such as drug resistance, tumor growth, genomic alterations or drivers of initiation. Finally, we suggest that targeting FOX proteins may be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | | | | | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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28
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Xiao Z, Jia Y, Jiang W, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Gao Y. FOXM1: A potential indicator to predict lymphatic metastatic recurrence in stage IIA esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:997-1004. [PMID: 29877046 PMCID: PMC6068428 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have elucidated that FOXM1 may predict poor prognosis in patients with multiple solid malignant tumors. In this study we explored the differential expression of FOXM1 in stage IIA esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigated its prognostic value. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to detect FOXM1 expression in ESCC. Correlations between FOXM1 expression and clinicopathological variables, and five-year lymphatic metastatic recurrence (LMR) and overall survival (OS) of patients were analyzed. RESULTS FOXM1 was aberrantly expressed in ESCC. Statistical analysis revealed a close relationship between FOXM1 expression and tumor size (P = 0.024), depth of invasion (P = 0.048), and degree of differentiation (P = 0.043). The five-year LMR of patients in the FOXM1 overexpression group was significantly increased compared to the low expression group (P = 0.001). The five-year OS of patients in the FOXM1 overexpression group was significantly reduced compared to the low expression group (P = 0.007). Log-rank tests demonstrated that large tumor size (P = 0.044), poor differentiation degree (P = 0.005), deep invasion (P = 0.000), and FOXM1 overexpression (P = 0.007) may indicate poor prognosis in stage IIA ESCC. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that all of these variables were independent predictors of unfavorable outcome (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION FOXM1 could be a predictor of lymphatic metastatic recurrence in stage IIA ESCC after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenpeng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jining Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jining, China
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29
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Qureshi AA, Zuvanich EG, Khan DA, Mushtaq S, Silswal N, Qureshi N. Proteasome inhibitors modulate anticancer and anti-proliferative properties via NF-kB signaling, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in cancer cell lines of different organs. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:62. [PMID: 29606130 PMCID: PMC5879737 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is second most common cause of death in the United State. There are over 100 different types of cancer associated with different human organs, predominantly breast, liver, pancreas, prostate, colon, rectum, lung, and stomach. We have recently reported properties of pro-inflammatory (for treatment of various types of cancers), and anti-inflammatory (for cardiovascular disease and diabetes) compounds. The major problem associated with development of anticancer drugs is their lack of solubility in aqueous solutions and severe side effects in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study was carried out to check anticancer properties of selected compounds, mostly aqueous soluble, in cancer cell lines from different organs. METHODS The anticancer properties, anti-proliferative, and pro-apoptotic activity of novel naturally occurring or FDA approved, nontoxic, proteasome inhibitors/activators were compared. In addition to that, effect of δ-tocotrienol on expression of proteasome subunits (X, Y, Z, LMP7, LMP2, LMP10), ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and TNF-α using total RNAs derived from plasmas of hepatitis C patients was investigated. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that following compounds are very effective in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells: Thiostrepton, dexamethasone, 2-methoxyestradiol, δ-tocotrienol, quercetin, amiloride, and quinine sulfate have significant anti-proliferation properties in Hela cells (44% - 87%) with doses of 2.5-20 μM, compared to respective controls. Anti-proliferation properties of thiostrepton, 2-methoxyestradiol, δ-tocotrienol, and quercetin were 70% - 92%. However, thiostrepton, dexamethasone, 2-methoxyestradiol, δ-tocotrienol, quercetin, and quinine sulphate were effective in pancreatic, prostate, breast, lungs, melanoma, Β-lymphocytes, and T-cells (Jurkat: 40% to 95%) compared to respective controls. In lung cancer cells, these compounds were effective between 5 and 40 μM. The IC50 values of anti-proliferation properties of thiostrepton in most of these cell lines were between doses of 2.5-5 μM, dexamethasone 2.5-20 μM, 2-methoxyestradiol 2.5-10 μM, δ-tocotrienol 2.5-20 μM, quercetin 10-40 μM, and (-) Corey lactone 40-80 μM. In hepatitis C patients, δ-tocotrienol treatment resulted in significant decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate effectiveness of several natural-occurring compounds with anti-proliferative properties against cancer cells of several organs of humans. Thiostrepton, dexamethasone, 2-methoxyestradiol, δ-tocotrienol and quercetin are very effective for apoptosis of cancer cells in liver, pancreas, prostate, breast, lung, melanoma, Β-lymphocytes and T-cells. The results have provided an opportunity to test these compounds either individually or in combination as dietary supplements in humans for treatment of various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf A Qureshi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Eleanor G Zuvanich
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Dilshad A Khan
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and National University of Medical Science, Rawalpindi, 64000, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Mushtaq
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and National University of Medical Science, Rawalpindi, 64000, Pakistan
| | - Neerupma Silswal
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Nilofer Qureshi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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30
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Zhang N, Pati D. Separase Inhibitor Sepin-1 Inhibits Foxm1 Expression and Breast Cancer Cell Growth. JOURNAL OF CANCER SCIENCE & THERAPY 2018; 10:517. [PMID: 29780443 PMCID: PMC5959057 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepin-1, a potent non-competitive inhibitor of separase, inhibits cancer cell growth, but the mechanisms of Sepin-1-mediated growth inhibition are not fully understood. Here we report that Sepin-1 hinders growth of breast cancer cells, cell migration, and wound healing. Inhibition of cell growth induced by Sepin-1 in vitro doesn't appear to be through apoptosis but rather due to growth inhibition. Following Sepin-1 treatment caspases 3 and 7 are not activated and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp) is not cleaved. The expression of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1), a transcription factor, and its target genes in the cell cycle, including Plk1, Cdk1, Aurora A, and Lamin B1, are reduced in a Sepin-1-dependent manner. Expressions of Raf kinase family members A-Raf, B-Raf, and C-Raf also are inhibited following treatment with Sepin-1. Raf is an intermediator in the Raf-Mek-Erk signaling pathway that phosphorylates FoxM1. Activated FoxM1 can promote its own transcription via a positive feedback loop. Sepin-1-induced downregulation of Raf and FoxM1 may inhibit expression of cell cycle-driving genes, resulting in inhibition of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenggang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Debananda Pati
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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Maachani UB, Shankavaram U, Kramp T, Tofilon PJ, Camphausen K, Tandle AT. FOXM1 and STAT3 interaction confers radioresistance in glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77365-77377. [PMID: 27764801 PMCID: PMC5340228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to be the most frequently diagnosed and lethal primary brain tumor. Adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy remains the standard of care following surgical resection. In this study, using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs), we assessed the biological effects of radiation on signaling pathways to identify potential radiosensitizing molecular targets. We identified subsets of proteins with clearly concordant/discordant behavior between irradiated and non-irradiated GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we observed high expression of Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) in irradiated GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Recent evidence of FOXM1 as a master regulator of metastasis and its important role in maintaining neural, progenitor, and GBM stem cells, intrigued us to validate it as a radiosensitizing target. Here we show that FOXM1 inhibition radiosensitizes GBM cells by abrogating genes associated with cell cycle progression and DNA repair, suggesting its role in cellular response to radiation. Further, we demonstrate that radiation induced stimulation of FOXM1 expression is dependent on STAT3 activation. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays revealed physical interaction of FOXM1 with phosphorylated STAT3 under radiation treatment. In conclusion, we hypothesize that FOXM1 regulates radioresistance via STAT3 in GBM cells. We also, show GBM patients with high FOXM1 expression have poor prognosis. Collectively our observations might open novel opportunities for targeting FOXM1 for effective GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday B Maachani
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tamalee Kramp
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip J Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita T Tandle
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Tabatabaei-Dakhili SA, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Domínguez L, Velázquez-Martínez CA. Untying the knot of transcription factor druggability: Molecular modeling study of FOXM1 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:197-210. [PMID: 29414039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The FOXM1 protein is a relevant transcription factor involved in cancer cell proliferation. The direct or indirect inhibition of this protein's transcriptional activity by small molecule drugs correlates well with a potentially significant anti-cancer profile, making this macro molecule a promising drug target. There are a few drug molecules reported to interact with (and inhibit) the FOXM1 DNA binding domain (FOXM1-BD), causing downregulation of protein expression and cancer cell proliferation inhibition. Among these drug molecules are the proteasome inhibitor thiostrepton, the former antidiabetic drug troglitazone, and the new FDI-6 molecule. Despite their structural differences, these drugs exert a similar inhibitory profile, and this observation prompted us to study a possible similar mechanism of action. Using a series of molecular dynamics simulations and docking protocols, we identified essential binding interactions exerted by all three classes of drugs, among which, a π-sulfur interaction (between a His287 and a sulfur-containing heterocycle) was the most important. In this report, we describe the preliminary evidence suggesting the presence of a drug-binding pocket within FOXM1 DNA binding domain, in which inhibitors fit to dissociate the protein-DNA complex. This finding suggests a common mechanism of action and a basic framework to design new FOXM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Domínguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
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Nandi D, Cheema PS, Jaiswal N, Nag A. FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:74-84. [PMID: 28855104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the biology of cancer, which has led to more comprehensive approaches for global gene expression profiling and genome-wide analysis. This has helped to determine more sophisticated prognostic and predictive signature markers for the prompt diagnosis and precise screening of cancer patients. In the search for novel biomarkers, there has been increased interest in FoxM1, an extensively studied transcription factor that encompasses most of the hallmarks of malignancy. Considering the attractive potential of this multifarious oncogene, FoxM1 has emerged as an important molecule implicated in initiation, development and progression of cancer. Bolstered with the skill to maneuver the proliferation signals, FoxM1 bestows resistance to contemporary anti-cancer therapy as well. This review sheds light on the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that implies that FoxM1 neoplastic functions can be used as a novel predictive, prognostic and therapeutic marker for different cancers. This assessment also highlights the key features of FoxM1 that can be effectively harnessed to establish FoxM1 as a strong biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Otto-Duessel M, Tew BY, Vonderfecht S, Moore R, Jones JO. Identification of neuron selective androgen receptor inhibitors. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:138-150. [PMID: 28588757 PMCID: PMC5439165 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify neuron-selective androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors, which could be useful in the treatment of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), or Kennedy’s disease, a neuromuscular disorder in which deterioration of motor neurons leads to progressive muscle weakness.
METHODS Cell lines representing prostate, kidney, neuron, adipose, and muscle tissue were developed that stably expressed the CFP-AR-YFP FRET reporter. We used these cells to screen a library of small molecules for cell type-selective AR inhibitors. Secondary screening in luciferase assays was used to identify the best cell-type specific AR inhibitors. The mechanism of action of a neuron-selective AR inhibitor was examined in vitro using luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and immunoprecipitations. Rats were treated with the most potent compound and tissue-selective AR inhibition was examined using RT-qPCR of AR-regulated genes and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS We identified the thiazole class of antibiotics as compounds able to inhibit AR signaling in a neuronal cell line but not a muscle cell line. One of these antibiotics, thiostrepton is able to inhibit the activity of both wild type and polyglutamine expanded AR in neuronal GT1-7 cells with nanomolar potency. The thiazole antibiotics are known to inhibit FOXM1 activity and accordingly, a novel FOXM1 inhibitor FDI-6 also inhibited AR activity in a neuron-selective fashion. The selective inhibition of AR is likely indirect as the varied structures of these compounds would not suggest that they are competitive antagonists. Indeed, we found that FOXM1 expression correlates with cell-type selectivity, FOXM1 co-localizes with AR in the nucleus, and that shRNA-mediated knock down of FOXM1 reduces AR activity and thiostrepton sensitivity in a neuronal cell line. Thiostrepton treatment reduces FOXM1 levels and the nuclear localization of beta-catenin, a known co-activator of both FOXM1 and AR, and reduces the association between beta-catenin and AR. Treatment of rats with thiostrepton demonstrated AR signaling inhibition in neurons, but not muscles.
CONCLUSION Our results suggest that thiazole antibiotics, or other inhibitors of the AR-FOXM1 axis, can inhibit AR signaling selectively in motor neurons and may be useful in the treatment or prevention of SBMA symptoms.
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Puig-Butille JA, Vinyals A, Ferreres JR, Aguilera P, Cabré E, Tell-Martí G, Marcoval J, Mateo F, Palomero L, Badenas C, Piulats JM, Malvehy J, Pujana MA, Puig S, Fabra À. AURKA Overexpression Is Driven by FOXM1 and MAPK/ERK Activation in Melanoma Cells Harboring BRAF or NRAS Mutations: Impact on Melanoma Prognosis and Therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1297-1310. [PMID: 28188776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle-related genes AURKA and FOXM1 are overexpressed in melanoma. We show here that AURKA overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in three independent cohorts of melanoma patients and correlates with the presence of genomic amplification of AURKA locus and BRAFV600E mutation. AURKA overexpression may also be driven by increased promoter activation through elements such as ETS and FOXM1 found within the 5' proximal promoter region. Activated MAPK/ERK signaling pathway mediates robust AURKA promoter activation, thereby knockdown of BRAFV600E and ERK inhibition results in reduced AURKA transcription and expression. We show a positive correlation between FOXM1 and AURKA expression in three independent cohorts of melanoma patients. FOXM1 silencing decreases expression of AURKA and late cell cycle genes in melanoma cells. We further found that FOXM1 expression levels are significantly higher in tumors carrying the BRAFV600E mutation compared with the wild-type BRAF (BRAFwt). Accordingly, the knockdown of BRAFV600E also reduces the expression of FOXM1 in BRAFV600E cells. Moreover, Aurora kinase A and FOXM1 inhibition by either genetic knockdown or pharmacologic inhibitors impair melanoma growth and survival both in culture and in vivo, underscoring their therapeutic value for melanoma patients who fail to benefit from BRAF/MEK signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antònia Vinyals
- IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Centre d' Oncologia Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep R Ferreres
- Dermatology Service, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Centre d' Oncologia Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Tell-Martí
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Marcoval
- Dermatology Service, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Mateo
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Palomero
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pujana
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Fabra
- IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Centre d' Oncologia Molecular, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. They regulate diverse biological processes both during development and throughout adult life. Mutations in many Fox genes are associated with human disease and, as such, various animal models have been generated to study the function of these transcription factors in mechanistic detail. In many cases, the absence of even a single Fox transcription factor is lethal. In this Primer, we provide an overview of the Fox family, highlighting several key Fox transcription factor families that are important for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sayanjali B, Christensen GJ, Al-Zeer MA, Mollenkopf HJ, Meyer TF, Brüggemann H. Propionibacterium acnes inhibits FOXM1 and induces cell cycle alterations in human primary prostate cells. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:517-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Wang K, Zhu X, Zhang K, Zhu L, Zhou F. FoxM1 inhibition enhances chemosensitivity of docetaxel-resistant A549 cells to docetaxel via activation of JNK/mitochondrial pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:804-9. [PMID: 27521795 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel is recommended as a second-line chemotherapy agent for the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, drug resistance greatly limits its efficiency. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), an oncogenic transcription factor, is believed to be involved in the chemoresistance of various human cancers; whereas the association of FoxM1 with acquired docetaxel-resistance in NSCLC remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of FoxM1 in the docetaxel-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells (A549/DTX). Our results showed that FoxM1 expression was significantly increased in the A549/DTX cells compared with that in the parental A549 cells. FoxM1 siRNA silencing promoted the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect of docetaxel in A549/DTX cells, which was possibly mediated through inducing the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases/mitochondrial signaling pathway. Our results suggest a critical role of FoxM1 in docetaxel-resistance of the A549 cells and form the basis for the development of combined therapy of docetaxel and FoxM1 depletion in treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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FOXM1: A novel drug target in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8185-99. [PMID: 25797272 PMCID: PMC4480744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are heterogeneous tumors that need to be molecularly defined to obtain novel therapeutic options. Forkheadbox protein M1 (FOXM1) is a crucial transcription factor in neoplastic cells and has been associated with differentiation and proliferation. We found that FOXM1 is strongly associated with tumor differentiation and occurrence of metastases in gastrointestinal NENs. In vitro inhibition by the FOXM1 inhibitor siomycin A led to down-regulation of mitotic proteins and resulted in a strong inhibitory effect. Siomycin A decreased mitosis rate, induced apoptosis in GEP-NEN cell lines and exerts synergistic effects with chemotherapy. FOXM1 is associated with clinical outcome and FOXM1 inhibition impairs survival in vitro. We therefore propose FOXM1 as novel therapeutic target in GEP-NENs.
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40
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The Role of Forkhead Box Protein M1 in Breast Cancer Progression and Resistance to Therapy. Int J Breast Cancer 2016; 2016:9768183. [PMID: 26942015 PMCID: PMC4752991 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9768183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in normal cell growth and proliferation through control of cell cycle transition and mitotic spindle. It is implicated in carcinogenesis of various malignancies where it is activated by either amplification, increased stability, enhanced transcription, dysfunction of regulatory pathways, or activation of PI3K/AKT, epidermal growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK/MAPK, and Hedgehog pathways. This review describes the role of FOXM1 in breast cancer. This includes how FOXM1 impacts on different subtypes of breast cancer, that is, luminal/estrogen receptor positive (ER+), expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), basal-like breast cancer (BBC), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The review also describes different tested preclinical therapeutic strategies targeting FOXM1. Developing clinically applicable therapies that specifically inhibit FOXM1 activity is a logical next step in biomarker-driven approaches against breast cancer but will not be without its challenges due to the unique properties of this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Gartel
- a Department of Medicine ; University of Illinois at Chicago ; Chicago , IL USA
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42
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Halasi M, Váraljai R, Benevolenskaya E, Gartel AL. A Novel Function of Molecular Chaperone HSP70: SUPPRESSION OF ONCOGENIC FOXM1 AFTER PROTEOTOXIC STRESS. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:142-8. [PMID: 26559972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 is overexpressed in the majority of human cancers, and it is a potential target for anticancer therapy. We identified proteasome inhibitors as the first type of drugs that target FOXM1 in cancer cells. Here we found that HSP90 inhibitor PF-4942847 and heat shock also suppress FOXM1. The common effector, which was induced after treatment with proteasome and HSP90 inhibitors or heat shock, was the molecular chaperone HSP70. We show that HSP70 binds to FOXM1 following proteotoxic stress and that HSP70 inhibits FOXM1 DNA-binding ability. Inhibition of FOXM1 transcriptional autoregulation by HSP70 leads to the suppression of FOXM1 protein expression. In addition, HSP70 suppression elevates FOXM1 expression, and simultaneous inhibition of FOXM1 and HSP70 increases the sensitivity of human cancer cells to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. Overall, we determined the unique and novel mechanism of FOXM1 suppression by proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renáta Váraljai
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | | | - Andrei L Gartel
- From the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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Guo X, Liu A, Hua H, Lu H, Zhang D, Lin Y, Sun Q, Zhu X, Yan G, Zhao F. Siomycin A Induces Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Suppressing the Expression of FoxM1. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), a transcription factor of the Forkhead family, is demonstrated to be critical for proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of lung cancer. In this study, we extensively investigated the anticancer effect of siomycin A, which was identified as an inhibitor of FoxM1 transcriptional activity, on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Our study indicated that treatment with siomycin A resulted in the suppression of FoxM1 expression, which consequently contributed to its effect of cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis induction in A549 cells. Then the molecular mechanism of siomycin A's apoptotic action on A549 cells was further investigated. The results revealed that siomycin A induced apoptosis by influencing the downstream events of FoxM1, including inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, as well as leading to caspase-3 cleavage. Taken together, our findings may be useful for understanding the mechanism of action of siomycin A on lung cancer cells and provide new insights into the possible application of such a compound in lung cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Wuxi Environment Science and Engineering Research Center, Wuxi City College International Education School, Wuxi 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huifen Lu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Laosengtang Middle School, Jining 272400, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yina Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guoxin Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cunniff B, Newick K, Nelson KJ, Wozniak AN, Beuschel S, Leavitt B, Bhave A, Butnor K, Koenig A, Chouchani ET, James AM, Haynes AC, Lowther WT, Murphy MP, Shukla A, Heintz NH. Disabling Mitochondrial Peroxide Metabolism via Combinatorial Targeting of Peroxiredoxin 3 as an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Malignant Mesothelioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127310. [PMID: 26011724 PMCID: PMC4444329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of signaling pathways and energy metabolism in cancer cells enhances production of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide that supports tumorigenesis through multiple mechanisms. To counteract the adverse effects of mitochondrial peroxide many solid tumor types up-regulate the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase 2 - thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) - peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) antioxidant network. Using malignant mesothelioma cells as a model, we show that thiostrepton (TS) irreversibly disables PRX3 via covalent crosslinking of peroxidatic and resolving cysteine residues in homodimers, and that targeting the oxidoreductase TRX2 with the triphenylmethane gentian violet (GV) potentiates adduction by increasing levels of disulfide-bonded PRX3 dimers. Due to the fact that activity of the PRX3 catalytic cycle dictates the rate of adduction by TS, immortalized and primary human mesothelial cells are significantly less sensitive to both compounds. Moreover, stable knockdown of PRX3 reduces mesothelioma cell proliferation and sensitivity to TS. Expression of catalase in shPRX3 mesothelioma cells restores defects in cell proliferation but not sensitivity to TS. In a SCID mouse xenograft model of human mesothelioma, administration of TS and GV together reduced tumor burden more effectively than either agent alone. Because increased production of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide is a common phenotype of malignant cells, and TS and GV are well tolerated in mammals, we propose that targeting PRX3 is a feasible redox-dependent strategy for managing mesothelioma and other intractable human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kheng Newick
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA, 19147, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J. Nelson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States of America
| | - Alexandra N. Wozniak
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Stacie Beuschel
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Bruce Leavitt
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Anant Bhave
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Kelly Butnor
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Andreas Koenig
- University of Vermont, Department of Immunology medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Edward T. Chouchani
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. James
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexina C. Haynes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States of America
| | - W. Todd Lowther
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Arti Shukla
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
| | - Nicholas H. Heintz
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 149 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States of America
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Wang H, Zhang X, Teng L, Legerski RJ. DNA damage checkpoint recovery and cancer development. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:350-8. [PMID: 25842165 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints were initially presumed to function as a regulator of cell cycle machinery in response to different genotoxic stresses, and later found to play an important role in the process of tumorigenesis by acting as a guard against DNA over-replication. As a counterpart of checkpoint activation, the checkpoint recovery machinery is working in opposition, aiming to reverse the checkpoint activation and resume the normal cell cycle. The DNA damage response (DDR) and oncogene induced senescence (OIS) are frequently found in precancerous lesions, and believed to constitute a barrier to tumorigenesis, however, the DDR and OIS have been observed to be diminished in advanced cancers of most tissue origins. These findings suggest that when progressing from pre-neoplastic lesions to cancer, DNA damage checkpoint barriers are overridden. How the DDR checkpoint is bypassed in this process remains largely unknown. Activated cytokine and growth factor-signaling pathways were very recently shown to suppress the DDR and to promote uncontrolled cell proliferation in the context of oncovirus infection. In recent decades, data from cell line and tumor models showed that a group of checkpoint recovery proteins function in promoting tumor progression; data from patient samples also showed overexpression of checkpoint recovery proteins in human cancer tissues and a correlation with patients׳ poor prognosis. In this review, the known cell cycle checkpoint recovery proteins and their roles in DNA damage checkpoint recovery are reviewed, as well as their implications in cancer development. This review also provides insight into the mechanism by which the DDR suppresses oncogene-driven tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Wang
- First affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University, School of medicine, Cancer Center, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics Unit 1010, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Lisong Teng
- First affiliated hospital, Zhejiang University, School of medicine, Cancer Center, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Randy J Legerski
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics Unit 1010, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston, TX 77030 USA.
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Tüfekçi Ö, Yandım MK, Ören H, İrken G, Baran Y. Targeting FoxM1 transcription factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Leuk Res 2014; 39:342-7. [PMID: 25557384 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) is an important transcription factor having significant roles in various cellular events. FoxM1 overexpression has been reported to be related with many types of cancer. However, it is not known whether it contributes to oncogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Siomycin A, a thiazol antibiotic, is known to inhibit FoxM1 transcriptional activity. In this study, we aimed to determine gene expression levels of FoxM1 in Jurkat cells (T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line) and therapeutic potential of targeting FoxM1 by siomycin A alone and in combination with dexamethasone which improves the survival of children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also examined the molecular mechanisms of siomycin A and dexamethasone-induced cell death in Jurkat cells. We demonstrated that FoxM1 mRNA is highly expressed in Jurkat cells. Dexamethasone and siomycin A caused a significant reduction in gene expression levels of FoxM1 in Jurkat cells. Targeting FoxM1 by siomycin A and dexamethasone caused a significant decrease in T-ALL cell line proliferation through induction of G1 cell cycle arrest. All these findings suggest a possible role of FoxM1 in T-cell ALL pathogenesis and represent FoxM1 as an attractive target for T-cell ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Tüfekçi
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melis Kartal Yandım
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hale Ören
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gülersu İrken
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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Inoguchi S, Seki N, Chiyomaru T, Ishihara T, Matsushita R, Mataki H, Itesako T, Tatarano S, Yoshino H, Goto Y, Nishikawa R, Nakagawa M, Enokida H. Tumour-suppressive microRNA-24-1 inhibits cancer cell proliferation through targeting FOXM1 in bladder cancer. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3170-9. [PMID: 24999187 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we found that microRNA-24-1 (miR-24-1) is significantly reduced in bladder cancer (BC) tissues, suggesting that it functions as a tumour suppressor. Restoration of mature miR-24-1 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a direct target gene of miR-24-1, as shown by genome-wide gene expression analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Overexpressed FOXM1 is confirmed in BC clinical specimens, and silencing of FOXM1 induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Our data demonstrate that the miR-24-1-FOXM1 axis contributes to cancer cell proliferation in BC, and elucidation of downstream signalling will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of BC oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Inoguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chiyomaru
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Mataki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Itesako
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tatarano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rika Nishikawa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Alé A, Bruna J, Navarro X, Udina E. Neurotoxicity induced by antineoplastic proteasome inhibitors. Neurotoxicology 2014; 43:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wen N, Wang Y, Wen L, Zhao SH, Ai ZH, Wang Y, Wu B, Lu HX, Yang H, Liu WC, Li Y. Overexpression of FOXM1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:134. [PMID: 24885308 PMCID: PMC4063689 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), an important regulator of cell differentiation and proliferation, is overexpressed in a number of aggressive human carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression levels of FOXM1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), to identify the relationship between FOXM1 expression and patient survival, and to investigate the role of FOXM1 in human ovarian cancer development. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis for FOXM1 was performed in a total of 158 ovarian tissue specimens, all with linked clinical outcome data. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to relate FOXM1 expression to clinicopathological variables and to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In vitro studies were performed to determine the function of FOXM1 in cell proliferation, migration and invasion in EOC cells using pcDNA3.1-FOXM1 and FOXM1 shRNA. RESULTS Elevated FOXM1 levels were associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.009), but not with age, FIGO stage, histological grade and histological type. Patients with high expression of FOXM1 had poorer PFS (P = 0.0001) and OS (P < 0.0001) than patients with low expression of FOXM1. Furthermore, multivariate analyses indicated that FOXM1 positivity was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P = 0.046) and OS (P = 0.022), respectively. Overexpression of FOXM1 increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HO-8910 cells, whereas knockdown of FOXM1 reduced expression and activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF-A, and cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HO-8910 PM cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that FOXM1 expression is likely to play important roles in EOC development and progression. FOXM1 expression is a potential prognostic factor for PFS and OS, and it could be a novel treatment target in EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shu-Hua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ai
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Huai-Xiu Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yu Li
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Ganguly R, Hong CS, Smith LGF, Kornblum HI, Nakano I. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase: key kinase for stem cell phenotype in glioma and other cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2014. [PMID: 24795222 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0764] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a member of the snf1/AMPK family of protein serine/threonine kinases that has recently gained significant attention in the stem cell and cancer biology field. Recent studies suggest that activation of this kinase is tightly associated with extended survival and accelerated proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSC) in various organs. Overexpression of MELK has been noted in various cancers, including colon, breast, ovaries, pancreas, prostate, and brain, making the inhibition of MELK an attractive therapeutic strategy for a variety of cancers. In the experimental cancer models, depletion of MELK by RNA interference or small molecule inhibitors induces apoptotic cell death of CSCs derived from glioblastoma multiforme and breast cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism of action of MELK includes, yet may not be restricted to, direct binding and activation of the oncogenic transcription factors c-JUN and FOXM1 in cancer cells but not in the normal counterparts. Following these preclinical studies, the phase I clinical trial for advanced cancers with OTSSP167 started in 2013, as the first-in-class MELK inhibitor. This review summarizes the current molecular understanding of MELK and the recent preclinical studies about MELK as a cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Ganguly
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher S Hong
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luke G F Smith
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics; and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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