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Hashemzadeh MR, Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Amiri MS, Mousavi SH. Stem cell therapy in the heart: Biomaterials as a key route. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101504. [PMID: 33607524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main concerns, nowadays causing a high rate of mortality in the world. The majority of conventional treatment protects the heart from failure progression. As a novel therapeutic way, Regenerative medicine in the heart includes cellular and noncellular approaches. Despite the irrefutable privileges of noncellular aspects such as administration of exosomes, utilizing of miRNAs, and growth factors, they cannot reverse necrotic or ischemic myocardium, hence recruiting of stem cells to help regenerative therapy in the heart seems indispensable. Stem cell lineages are varied and divided into two main groups namely pluripotent and adult stem cells. Not only has each of which own regenerative capacity, benefits, and drawbacks, but their turnover also close correlates with the target organ and/or tissue as well as the stage and level of failure. In addition to inefficient tissue integration due to the defects in delivering methods and poor retention of transplanted cells, the complexity of the heart and its movement also make more rigorous the repair process. Hence, utilizing biomaterials can make a key route to tackle such obstacles. In this review, we evaluate some natural products which can help stem cells in regenerative medicine of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Hashemzadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Royesh Stem Cell Biotechnology Institute, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | | | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Macrì R, Bosco F, Nucera S, Ruga S, Zito MC, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Coppoletta AR, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. The Potential Properties of Natural Compounds in Cardiac Stem Cell Activation: Their Role in Myocardial Regeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:275. [PMID: 33477916 PMCID: PMC7833367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and many other cardiac disorders, cause about 30% of deaths globally; representing one of the main health problems worldwide. Among CVDs, ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The onset of IHDs is essentially due to an unbalance between the metabolic demands of the myocardium and its supply of oxygen and nutrients, coupled with a low regenerative capacity of the heart, which leads to great cardiomyocyte (CM) loss; promoting heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI). To date, the first strategy recommended to avoid IHDs is prevention in order to reduce the underlying risk factors. In the management of IHDs, traditional therapeutic options are widely used to improve symptoms, attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, and reduce early mortality rate. However, there are no available treatments that aim to improve cardiac performance by replacing the irreversible damaged cardiomyocytes (CMs). Currently, heart transplantation is the only treatment being carried out for irreversibly damaged CMs. Hence, the discovery of new therapeutic options seems to be necessary. Interestingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that regenerative stem cell medicine could be a useful therapeutic approach to counteract cardiac damage and promote tissue regeneration. To this end, researchers are tasked with answering one main question: how can myocardial regeneration be stimulated? In this regard, natural compounds from plant extracts seem to play a particularly promising role. The present review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of stem cell therapy in the management of CVDs; focusing on the main properties and potential mechanisms of natural compounds in stimulating and activating stem cells for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Samak M, Hinkel R. Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Medicine: Historical Overview and Future Prospects. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121530. [PMID: 31783680 PMCID: PMC6952821 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in the developed world, accounting for more than 30% of all deaths. In a large proportion of these patients, acute myocardial infarction is usually the first manifestation, which might further progress to heart failure. In addition, the human heart displays a low regenerative capacity, leading to a loss of cardiomyocytes and persistent tissue scaring, which entails a morbid pathologic sequela. Novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Stem cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells, exhibit great potential for cell-replacement therapy and an excellent tool for disease modeling, as well as pharmaceutical screening of novel drugs and their cardiac side effects. This review article covers not only the origin of stem cells but tries to summarize their translational potential, as well as potential risks and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Samak
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Leibnitz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Leibnitz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Kramer AS, Harvey AR, Plant GW, Hodgetts SI. Systematic Review of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology as a Potential Clinical Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:571-617. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation therapies aimed at repairing neurodegenerative and neuropathological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS) have utilized and tested a variety of cell candidates, each with its own unique set of advantages and disadvantages. The use and popularity of each cell type is guided by a number of factors including the nature of the experimental model, neuroprotection capacity, the ability to promote plasticity and guided axonal growth, and the cells' myelination capability. The promise of stem cells, with their reported ability to give rise to neuronal lineages to replace lost endogenous cells and myelin, integrate into host tissue, restore functional connectivity, and provide trophic support to enhance and direct intrinsic regenerative ability, has been seen as a most encouraging step forward. The advent of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), which represents the ability to “reprogram” somatic cells into a pluripotent state, hails the arrival of a new cell transplantation candidate for potential clinical application in therapies designed to promote repair and/or regeneration of the CNS. Since the initial development of iPSC technology, these cells have been extensively characterized in vitro and in a number of pathological conditions and were originally reported to be equivalent to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This review highlights emerging evidence that suggests iPSCs are not necessarily indistinguishable from ESCs and may occupy a different “state” of pluripotency with differences in gene expression, methylation patterns, and genomic aberrations, which may reflect incomplete reprogramming and may therefore impact on the regenerative potential of these donor cells in therapies. It also highlights the limitations of current technologies used to generate these cells. Moreover, we provide a systematic review of the state of play with regard to the use of iPSCs in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropathological conditions. The importance of balancing the promise of this transplantation candidate in the light of these emerging properties is crucial as the potential application in the clinical setting approaches. The first of three sections in this review discusses (A) the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) and how stem cell therapies can positively alter the pathology in experimental SCI. Part B summarizes (i) the available technologies to deliver transgenes to generate iPSCs and (ii) recent data comparing iPSCs to ESCs in terms of characteristics and molecular composition. Lastly, in (C) we evaluate iPSC-based therapies as a candidate to treat SCI on the basis of their neurite induction capability compared to embryonic stem cells and provide a summary of available in vivo data of iPSCs used in SCI and other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S. Kramer
- Spinal Cord Repair Laboratory, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- Spinal Cord Repair Laboratory, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Giles W. Plant
- Stanford Partnership for Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stuart I. Hodgetts
- Spinal Cord Repair Laboratory, School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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Boote Jones EN, Mallapragada SK. Directed growth and differentiation of stem cells towards neural cell fates using soluble and surface-mediated cues. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 18:999-1015. [PMID: 17705995 DOI: 10.1163/156856207781494449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells are helping researchers understand the complex process of mammalian development and also show great promise in treating diseases that are unresponsive to standard therapies. The potential for embryonic stem cells to differentiate into any cell in the body is their great benefit but avoiding co-culture with animal cells and efficiently narrowing cell fate to a single cell type remains challenging. Adult progenitor cells have a more restricted cell fate, but have the potential for use in autologous cell therapies and avoid the ethical issues surrounding the derivation of embryonic stem cell lines. While progress is encouraging, there is much work to be done in directing cells to specific lineages before stem and progenitor cells can be commonly used in clinical settings. This review discusses current techniques used for investigation of the growth and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells, with a focus on neural cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Boote Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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6
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Cellular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9530-8_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Dissaranan C, Cruz MA, Couri BM, Goldman HB, Damaser MS. Stem cell therapy for incontinence: where are we now? What is the realistic potential? Curr Urol Rep 2011; 12:336-44. [PMID: 21842258 PMCID: PMC3218558 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-011-0210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of women experience stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which greatly affects their quality of life. Recent research investigating utilization of stem cells and their derivatives for the prevention and treatment of SUI has been performed to test the effect of cell source and method of administration in several animal models of SUI. The type of stem cell, timing of optimal dose or doses after injury, mechanism of action of stem cells, and route of administration must be investigated both preclinically and clinically before stem cell therapy becomes a possible treatment for SUI, although the future of this therapy looks promising. This article reviews the progress in stem cell research for incontinence and describes areas of future work as suggested by research in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuspong Dissaranan
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michelle A. Cruz
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruna M. Couri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44105, USA
| | - Howard B. Goldman
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Margot S. Damaser
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Administration Medical Center, Advanced Platform Technology Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Epelman I, Murray PE, Garcia-Godoy F, Kuttler S, Namerow KN. A practitioner survey of opinions toward regenerative endodontics. J Endod 2009; 35:1204-10. [PMID: 19720217 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The success of regenerative endodontic procedures requires practitioner acceptance, but little or no evidence is available. The purpose of this survey was to collect the opinions of attendee's of the 2008 Endodontic Board of Diplomates 2008 Summer Conference on the issue of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). After Nova Southeastern University institutional review board approval, 100 copies of a survey were circulated, and 56 completed surveys were returned anonymously. The survey found that 96% of participants thought that more regenerative therapies should be incorporated into treatments. Although only 14% of participants had used umbilical cord or stem cell banking for themselves or a relative, 63% thought that stem cell banking would be useful to regenerate dental tissues. Most (89%) of the participants would be willing to save teeth and dental tissues for stem cell banking. These results suggest that endodontic practitioners are supportive and optimistic about the future use of REPs.
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Vanamala SK, Gopinath S, Gondi CS, Rao JS. Effect of human umbilical cord blood cells on Ang-II-induced hypertrophy in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 386:386-91. [PMID: 19524549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have assessed the capacity of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived stem cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and repair angiotensin II induced insult in culture and in mouse hearts when injected. hUCB were able to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells, when induced with 5-azacytidine or co-cultured with rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (NRCM). When co-cultured, hUCB reversed the pathological effects induced by angiotensin II (Ang-II) in NRCM and in mice injected after Ang-II infusion. As assessed by increased heart weight to body mass ratio and Ang-II-induced fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy was also reduced after hUCB were injected. hUCB also reversed the pathological heart failure markers induced by Ang-II in mice. Further, we observed a shift from pathological hypertrophy towards physiological hypertrophy by hUCB in Ang-II-challenged mice. Our findings support hUCB as a feasible model for experimentation in stem cell therapy and emphasize the relevance of the hUCB in reversing heart failure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan K Vanamala
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61656, USA
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Rosa AL, de Oliveira PT, Beloti MM. Macroporous scaffolds associated with cells to construct a hybrid biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. Expert Rev Med Devices 2009; 5:719-28. [PMID: 19025348 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.5.6.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue has the ability to heal without a scar and to remodel, which promotes three basic functions: locomotion, protection of internal organs and mineral homeostasis. Although bone regeneration is highly efficient, some clinical situations - such as large bone defects - require specific treatments in order to promote bone healing. Allogenic or autologous bone grafts have been used in these procedures with limited success and, based on this, bone tissue-engineering approaches have been investigated extensively. Tissue engineering has been defined as the application of principles and techniques of the life sciences and engineering to the design, modification and growth of living tissues using biomaterials, cells and growth factors, alone or in combination. The association of cells with porous scaffolds to produce 3D hybrid osteogenic constructs is a common subject in bone tissue-engineering research and will be the focus of this review. We will present some aspects of bone biology, the cells and scaffolds used to engineer bone, and techniques to fabricate the hybrid biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n 14040-904, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
The shortage of donors for organ transplantation has stimulated research on stem cells as a potential resource for cell-based therapy in all human tissues. Stem cells have been used for regenerative medicine applications in many organ systems, including the genitourinary system. The potential applications for stem cell therapy have, however, been restricted by the ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cell research. Instead, scientists have explored other cell sources, including progenitor and stem cells derived from adult tissues and stem cells derived from the amniotic fluid and placenta. In addition, novel techniques for generating stem cells in the laboratory are being developed. These techniques include somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which the nucleus of an adult somatic cell is placed into an oocyte, and reprogramming of adult cells to induce stem-cell-like behavior. Such techniques are now being used in tissue engineering applications, and some of the most successful experiments have been in the field of urology. Techniques to regenerate bladder tissue have reached the clinic, and exciting progress is being made in other areas, such as regeneration of the kidney and urethra. Cell therapy as a treatment for incontinence and infertility might soon become a reality. Physicians should be optimistic that regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will one day provide mainstream treatment options for urologic disorders.
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12
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Földes G, Harding SE, Ali NN. Cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cells: towards human therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1473-83. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.10.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Resnik DB. Embryonic stem cell patents and human dignity. HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 2007; 15:211-22. [PMID: 17922198 PMCID: PMC2695597 DOI: 10.1007/s10728-007-0045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the assertion that human embryonic stem cells patents are immoral because they violate human dignity. After analyzing the concept of human dignity and its role in bioethics debates, this article argues that patents on human embryos or totipotent embryonic stem cells violate human dignity, but that patents on pluripotent or multipotent stem cells do not. Since patents on pluripotent or multipotent stem cells may still threaten human dignity by encouraging people to treat embryos as property, patent agencies should carefully monitor and control these patents to ensure that patents are not inadvertently awarded on embryos or totipotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Resnik
- NIEHS/NIH, Box 12233, Mail Drop NH06, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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14
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Menendez P, Bueno C, Wang L. Human embryonic stem cells: A journey beyond cell replacement therapies. Cytotherapy 2007; 8:530-41. [PMID: 17148029 DOI: 10.1080/14653240601026654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Success in the derivation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines has opened up a new area of research in biomedicine. Human ESC not only raise hope for cell replacement therapies but also provide a potential novel system to better understand early human normal development, model human abnormal development and disease, and perform drug-screening and toxicity studies. The realization of these potentials, however, depends on expanding our knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and lineage specification. Here, we briefly highlight the potential applications of hESC and review how flow cytometry has contributed to the initial characterization of both undifferentiated hESC cultures and hematopoietic development arising from hESC. We envision that a combination of state-of-the-art technologies, including cytomics, proteomics and genomics, will be instrumental in moving the field forward, ultimately lending invaluable knowledge to research areas such as human embryology, oncology and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Menendez
- Section of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy is emerging as a promising approach to treat heart diseases. Considerable evidence from experimental studies and initial clinical trials suggests that stem cell transplantation promotes systolic function and prevent ventricular remodeling. However, the specific mechanisms by which stem cells improve heart function remain largely unknown. In addition, interpreting the long-term effects of stem cell therapy is difficult because of the limitations of conventional techniques. The recent development of molecular imaging techniques offers great potential to address these critical issues by noninvasively tracking the fate of the transplanted cells. This review offers a focused discussion on the use of stem cell therapy and imaging in the context of cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolen Y Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif, USA
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Chien CC, Yen BL, Lee FK, Lai TH, Chen YC, Chan SH, Huang HI. In Vitro Differentiation of Human Placenta-Derived Multipotent Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1759-68. [PMID: 16822884 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent cells isolated from human term placenta (placenta-derived multipotent cells [PDMCs]) have been known to be able to differentiate into mesodermal lineage cells, including adipocytes and osteoclasts. The low infection rate and young age of placenta compared with other tissue origins of adult stem cells make theses cells attractive target for cell-based therapy. However, the differentiation potential of PDMCs toward hepatic cells has not been evaluated yet. In this study, we cultivated PDMCs with hepatic differentiation medium to evaluate the ability of these cells in differentiating toward hepatic cells. After treatment, the morphologies of differentiated PDMCs changed to polygonal epithelial cell-like. The differentiated cells not only show the hepatocyte-like morphologies but also express hepatocyte-specific markers, including albumin and cytokeratin 18. The bioactivity assays revealed that these hepatocyte-like cells could uptake lipoprotein and store glycogen. Furthermore, the addition of rifampicin increased the gene expression of CYP3A4, which is similar with the activities of human liver cells. According to our previous results, PDMCs were capable of differentiating into mesodermal and ectodermal lineage cells. Our results indicate that PDMCs can differentiate into three germ layer cells, which is similar to embryonic stem cells. In conclusion, placenta might be an easily accessible source for progenitor cells that are capable of differentiating toward hepatocyte-like cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chien
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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