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Zhang CL, Zeng T, Zhao XL, Xie KQ. Garlic Oil Suppressed Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Hepatocarcinoma in Rats by Inhibiting PI3K-AKT-NF-κB Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:643-51. [PMID: 25999787 PMCID: PMC4440254 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of garlic oil (GO) against nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinoma, 60 male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n=15): control group, NDEA group, and two GO plus NDEA groups. The rats in GO plus NDEA groups were pretreated with GO (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 7 days. Then, all rats except those in control group were gavaged with NDEA for 20 weeks, and the rats in GO plus NDEA groups were continuously administered with GO. The results showed that GO co-treatment significantly suppressed the NDEA-induced increases of alpha fetal protein (AFP) level in serum, nuclear atypia in H&E staining, sirius red-positive areas and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The molecular mechanisms exploration revealed that the protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-p85, PI3K-p110, total AKT, p-AKT (Ser473) and p-AKT (Thr308) in the liver of NDEA group rats were higher than those in control group rats. In addition, NDEA treatment induced IκB degradation and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and up-regulated the protein levels of downstream pro-inflammatory mediators. GO co-treatment significantly reversed all the above adverse effects induced by NDEA. These results suggested that the protective effects of GO against NDEA-induced hepatocarcinoma might be associated with the suppression of PI3K- AKT-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Li Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Lan Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qin Xie
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
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Ivanov AV, Bartosch B, Smirnova OA, Isaguliants MG, Kochetkov SN. HCV and oxidative stress in the liver. Viruses 2013; 5:439-69. [PMID: 23358390 PMCID: PMC3640510 DOI: 10.3390/v5020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the etiological agent accounting for chronic liver disease in approximately 2-3% of the population worldwide. HCV infection often leads to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, various metabolic alterations including steatosis, insulin and interferon resistance or iron overload, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Multiple molecular mechanisms that trigger the emergence and development of each of these pathogenic processes have been identified so far. One of these involves marked induction of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected cells leading to oxidative stress. To date, markers of oxidative stress were observed both in chronic hepatitis C patients and in various in vitro systems, including replicons or stable cell lines expressing viral proteins. The search for ROS sources in HCV-infected cells revealed several mechanisms of ROS production and thus a number of cellular proteins have become targets for future studies. Furthermore, during last several years it has been shown that HCV modifies antioxidant defense mechanisms. The aim of this review is to summarize the present state of art in the field and to try to predict directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 32, Moscow 119991, Russia; E-Mails: (A.I.); (O.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Birke Bartosch
- CRCL, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, 151, Cours A Thomas 69424 Lyon Cedex France; E-Mail:
| | - Olga A. Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 32, Moscow 119991, Russia; E-Mails: (A.I.); (O.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Maria G. Isaguliants
- Department of Molecular Biology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; E-Mail:
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Str. 16, 123098 Moscow, Russia; E-Mail:
| | - Sergey N. Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 32, Moscow 119991, Russia; E-Mails: (A.I.); (O.S.); (S.K.)
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Abstract
Eukaryotes possess seven different phosphoinositides (PIPs) that help form the unique signatures of various intracellular membranes. PIPs serve as docking sites for the recruitment of specific proteins to mediate membrane alterations and integrate various signaling cascades. The spatio-temporal regulation of PI kinases and phosphatases generates distinct intracellular hubs of PIP signaling. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), like other plus-strand RNA viruses, promotes the rearrangement of intracellular membranes to assemble viral replication complexes. HCV stimulates enrichment of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) pools near endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sites by activating PI4KIIIα, the kinase responsible for generation of ER-specific PI4P pools. Inhibition of PI4KIIIα abrogates HCV replication. PI4P, the most abundant phosphoinositide, predominantly localizes to the Golgi and plays central roles in Golgi secretory functions by recruiting effector proteins involved in transport vesicle generation. The PI4P effector proteins also include the lipid-transfer and structural proteins such as ceramide transfer protein (CERT), oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) and Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) that help maintain Golgi-membrane composition and structure. Depletion of Golgi-specific PI4P pools by silencing PI4KIIIβ, expression of dominant negative CERT and OSBP mutants, or silencing GOLPH3 perturb HCV secretion. In this review we highlight the role of PIPs and specifically PI4P in the HCV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Bishé
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA;
| | - Gulam Syed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA;
| | - Aleem Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA, 92093, USA;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +858-822-1750; Fax: +858-822-1749
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Jahan S, Ashfaq UA, Qasim M, Khaliq S, Saleem MJ, Afzal N. Hepatitis C virus to hepatocellular carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2012; 7:2. [PMID: 22289144 PMCID: PMC3293064 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus causes acute and chronic hepatitis and can lead to permanent liver damage and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a significant number of patients via oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and HCV induced steatosis. HCV induced steatosis and oxidative stress causes steato-hepatitis and these pathways lead to liver injury or HCC in chronic HCV infection. Steatosis and oxidative stress crosstalk play an important role in liver damage in HCV infection. This Review illustrates viral and host factors which induce Oxidative stress, steatosis and leads toward HCC. It also expresses Molecular cascade which leads oxidative stress and steatosis to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Jahan S, Khaliq S, Ijaz B, Ahmad W, Hassan S. Role of HCV Core gene of genotype 1a and 3a and host gene Cox-2 in HCV-induced pathogenesis. Virol J 2011; 8:155. [PMID: 21457561 PMCID: PMC3080829 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Core protein is thought to trigger activation of multiple signaling pathways and play a significant role in the alteration of cellular gene expression responsible for HCV pathogenesis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the exact molecular mechanism of HCV genome specific pathogenesis remains unclear. We examined the in vitro effects of HCV Core protein of HCV genotype 3a and 1a on the cellular genes involved in oxidative stress and angiogenesis. We also studied the ability of HCV Core and Cox-2 siRNA either alone or in combination to inhibit viral replication and cell proliferation in HCV serum infected Huh-7 cells. Results Over expression of Core gene of HCV 3a genotype showed stronger effect in regulating RNA and protein levels of Cox-2, iNOS, VEGF, p-Akt as compared to HCV-1a Core in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh-7 accompanied by enhanced PGE2 release and cell proliferation. We also observed higher expression levels of above genes in HCV 3a patient's blood and biopsy samples. Interestingly, the Core and Cox-2-specific siRNAs down regulated the Core 3a-enhanced expression of Cox-2, iNOS, VEGF, p-Akt. Furthermore, the combined siRNA treatment also showed a dramatic reduction in viral titer and expression of these genes in HCV serum-infected Huh-7 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated a differential response by HCV 3a genotype in HCV-induced pathogenesis, which may be due to Core and host factor Cox-2 individually or in combination. Conclusions Collectively, these studies not only suggest a genotype-specific interaction between key players of HCV pathogenesis but also may represent combined viral and host gene silencing as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Jahan
- Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
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Chen Z, Yang J, Huang Q. Correlation and expression of COX-2 and P53 protein in basal cell carcinoma of eyelid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:383-6. [PMID: 19513627 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between the expression of COX-2 and p53 protein in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of eyelid and apoptosis was investigated. Specimens of BCC were collected from 40 cases (aged 28-68 y) at the Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, and Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University during from 1999 to 2006. Five specimens of paracancerous tissues served as control group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of COX-2 and p53 in the tissues. The average absorbance (A) and the average positive area rate of COX-2 and p53 protein were measured by image analysis. The positive area rate of COX-2 and p53 protein was analyzed by linear correlation analysis. It was found that COX-2 and p53 proteins were highly expressed in BCC of eyelid, and weakly expressed in paracancerous tissues. Image analysis revealed that the expression of COX-2 and p53 proteins in BCC of eyelid was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues (P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the expression of COX-2 and p53 (r=0.113, P=0.421). It was concluded that COX-2 can increase the expression of p53 protein, therefore suppressing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Sirica AE, Zhang Z, Lai GH, Asano T, Shen XN, Ward DJ, Mahatme A, Dewitt JL. A novel "patient-like" model of cholangiocarcinoma progression based on bile duct inoculation of tumorigenic rat cholangiocyte cell lines. Hepatology 2008; 47:1178-90. [PMID: 18081149 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma typically presents in an advanced stage in which treatment options are limited. In an effort to recapitulate key biological and clinical features of the progressive disease, we established a novel rat model based on bile duct inoculation of rat cholangiocyte cell lines in different stages of tumor progression. Our BDEneu cell line, which is highly tumorigenic, originated from an immortalized rat cholangiocyte cell line (BDE1 cells) that was stably transfected to constitutively overexpress mutationally activated rat neu oncogene. Our less aggressive tumorigenic BDEsp cholangiocyte cell line was derived from the spontaneous in vitro neoplastic transformation of the same parent BDE1 cell line. Unlike BDEneu cells, BDEsp cells expressed wild-type c-neu and exhibited in vitro growth rates intermediate between those of BDEneu and BDE1 cholangiocytes. Cyclooxygenase-2 and activated Akt were significantly overexpressed in BDEsp cells over those of BDE1 cells, and at higher levels than those expressed in BDEneu cells. Only BDEneu cells overexpressed activated p185(neu), which was associated with a significant increase in phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Mucin 1 (MUC1) messenger RNA (mRNA), an indicator of cholangiocarcinoma cell progression, was also significantly overexpressed in BDEneu cells over that of BDEsp cells. BDEneu cells inoculated into the bile duct of isogenic rats resulted over a 21- to 26-day period in rapid exponential cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth within liver, paralleled by increases in bile duct obstruction and gross peritoneal metastases. Under comparable conditions, BDEsp cells yielded only small nonmetastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas without bile duct obstruction. CONCLUSIONS A novel model of cholangiocarcinoma progression mimicking progressive development of the advanced human disease has been established, which may serve as a powerful preclinical platform to study cholangiocarcinoma progression and for rapidly testing treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonse E Sirica
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0297, USA.
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Mazzanti R, Messerini L, Comin CE, Fedeli L, Ganne-Carrie N, Beaugrand M. Liver angiogenesis as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development in hepatitis C virus cirrhotic patients. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5009-14. [PMID: 17854145 PMCID: PMC4434626 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i37.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the predictive value of hepatocyte proliferation and hepatic angiogenesis for the occurrence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhotic patients.
METHODS: One hundred-five patients (69 males, 36 females; age range, 51-90 year; median 66 year) with biopsy proven HCV cirrhosis were prospectively monitored for HCC occurrence for a median time of 64 mo. Angiogenesis was assessed by using microvessel density (MVD), hepatocyte turnover by MIB1 and PCNA indexes at inclusion in liver biopsies.
RESULTS: Forty six patients (43.8%) developed HCC after a median time of 55 (6-120) mo while 59 (56.2%) did not. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of each index. The difference between patients with low (median MVD = 3; range 0-20) and high (median MVD = 7; range 1-24) MVD was statistically significant (χ2 = 22.06; P < 0.0001) which was not the case for MIB1 or PCNA (MIB-1: χ2 = 1.41; P = 0.2351; PCNA: χ2 = 1.27; P = 0.2589). The median MVD was higher in patients who developed HCC than in those who did not. HCC-free interval was significantly longer in patients with the MVD ≤ 4 (P = 0.0006). No relationship was found between MIB1 or PCNA and MVD (MIB-1 r2 = 0.00007116, P = 0.9281; PCNA: r2 = 0.001950; P = 0.6692). MVD only was able to predict the occurrence of HCC in these patients. Among other known risk factors for HCC, only male sex was statistically associated with an increased risk.
CONCLUSION: Liver angiogenesis has a role for in HCV-related liver carcinogenesis and for defining patients at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mazzanti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence School of Medicine, Viale GB Morgagni 85, I-50134 Firenze, Italy.
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Kumar B, Joshi J, Kumar A, Pandey BN, Hazra B, Mishra KP. Radiosensitization by diospyrin diethylether in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 304:287-96. [PMID: 17534696 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2006] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of radio-resistant tumor cells might be overcome by the use of tumor selective cytotoxic agents in combination with radiation treatment of cancer. Thus, we are exploring the radiomodifying potential of D7, a tumor-inhibitory compound derived from a plant product, diospyrin, in breast carcinoma cells, MCF-7. The present study indicated that D7 could enhance the radiation-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis through down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and COX-2 gene expression, and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes, like p53 and p21. The higher expression of PUMA, a pro-apoptotic protein was also observed in the combination treatment. Effect of D7 on up-regulation of p21 expression in irradiated MCF-7 cells was concomitant with the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Thus, it was concluded that D7 could sensitize the effect of radiation in breast carcinoma by regulating the gene expression involved in cell cycle and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Calcutta, West Bengal 700032, India
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Cai RL, Meng W, Lu HY, Lin WY, Jiang F, Shen FM. Segregation analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a moderately high-incidence area of East China. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2428-32. [PMID: 14606070 PMCID: PMC4656515 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i11.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the mode of inheritance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a moderately high-incidence area of East China.
METHODS: A pedigree survey was conducted in 210 families (3315 individuals) ascertained through 210 HCC probands in Haimen, Jiangsu Province. Simple segregation analysis was conducted using SEGRANB software. The probability of ascertainment (π), segregation ratio (p), and the proportion of sporadic cases (x) were estimated. Complex segregation analysis was performed using the REGTL program of S.A.G.E. Models were fitted on the data of 3212 individuals that allowed for personal HBsAg status and variable age of onset in REGTL program.
RESULTS: The estimate of segregation ratio was 0.191 by SEGRANB. The probability of ascertainment was 0.0266, and the proportion of sporadic cases was 0.465. The results of complex segregation analysis showed that Mendelian autosomal recessive inheritance of a major gene that influenced the age of onset distribution of HCC, provided the best fit to the data. In the best-fitting recessive model, the frequency of the disease allele was 0.11138. HBsAg seropositive status would significantly increase the risk of developing HCC.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that at least one major gene is involved in the genetic predisposition to develop HCC at an earlier age of onset. The seropositive HBsAg status can significantly increase the risk of developing HCC, which provides strong support for the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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