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Bashir S, Shabbir K, Din FU, Khan SU, Ali Z, Khan BA, Kim DW, Khan GM. Nitazoxanide and quercetin co-loaded nanotransfersomal gel for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with macrophage targeting and enhanced anti-leishmanial effect. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21939. [PMID: 38027656 PMCID: PMC10661431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anti-leishmanial medications administered by oral and parenteral routes are less effective for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and cause toxicity, hence targeted drug delivery is an efficient way to improve drug availability for CL with reduced toxicity. This study aimed to develop, characterize and evaluate nitazoxanide and quercetin co-loaded nanotransfersomal gel (NTZ-QUR-NTG) for the treatment of CL. Methods NTZ-QUR-NT were prepared by thin film hydration method and were statistically optimized using Box-Behnken design. To ease the topical delivery and enhance the retention time, the NTZ-QUR-NT were dispersed in 2 % chitosan gel. Moreover, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo permeation, macrophage uptake, cytotoxicity and anti-leishmanial assays were performed. Results The optimized formulation indicated mean particle size 210 nm, poly dispersity index (PDI) 0.16, zeta potential (ZP) -15.1 mV and entrapment efficiency (EE) of NTZ and QUR was 88 % and 85 %, respectively. NTZ-QUR-NT and NTZ-QUR-NTG showed sustained release of the incorporated drugs as compared to the drug dispersions. Skin permeation of NTZ and QUR in NTZ-QUR-NTG was 4 times higher in comparison to the plain gels. The NTZ-QUR-NT cell internalization was almost 10-folds higher than NTZ-QUR dispersion. The cytotoxicity potential (CC50) of NTZ-QUR-NT (71.95 ± 3.32 μg/mL) was reduced as compared to NTZ-QUR dispersion (49.77 ± 2.15 μg/mL. A synergistic interaction was found between NTZ and QUR. Moreover, in-vitro anti-leishmanial assay presented a lower IC50 value of NTZ-QUR-NT as compared to NTZ-QUR dispersion. Additionally, a significantly reduced lesion size was observed in NTZ-QUR-NTG treated BALB/c mice, indicating its antileishmanial potential. Conclusion It can be concluded that nanotransfersomal gel has the capability to retain and permeate the incorporated drugs through stratum corneum and induce synergetic anti-leishmanial effect of NTZ and QUR against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Bashir
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Shabbir
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsada, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Ali
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Drugs Design and Cosmetics Lab (DDCL), Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Mazón-Ortiz G, Cerda-Mejía G, Gutiérrez Morales E, Diéguez-Santana K, Ruso JM, González-Díaz H. Trends in Nanoparticles for Leishmania Treatment: A Bibliometric and Network Analysis. Diseases 2023; 11:153. [PMID: 37987264 PMCID: PMC10660713 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical illness with a wide variety of clinical signs ranging from visceral to cutaneous symptoms, resulting in millions of new cases and thousands of fatalities reported annually. This article provides a bibliometric analysis of the main authors' contributions, institutions, and nations in terms of productivity, citations, and bibliographic linkages to the application of nanoparticles (NPs) for the treatment of leishmania. The study is based on a sample of 524 Scopus documents from 1991 to 2022. Utilising the Bibliometrix R-Tool version 4.0 and VOSviewer software, version 1.6.17 the analysis was developed. We identified crucial subjects associated with the application of NPs in the field of antileishmanial development (NPs and drug formulation for leishmaniasis treatment, animal models, and experiments). We selected research topics that were out of date and oversaturated. Simultaneously, we proposed developing subjects based on multiple analyses of the corpus of published scientific literature (title, abstract, and keywords). Finally, the technique used contributed to the development of a broader and more specific "big picture" of nanomedicine research in antileishmanial studies for future projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mazón-Ortiz
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Parroquia Muyuna km 7 vía Alto Tena, Tena 150150, Napo, Ecuador; (G.M.-O.); (G.C.-M.); (E.G.M.)
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Galo Cerda-Mejía
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Parroquia Muyuna km 7 vía Alto Tena, Tena 150150, Napo, Ecuador; (G.M.-O.); (G.C.-M.); (E.G.M.)
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Eberto Gutiérrez Morales
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Parroquia Muyuna km 7 vía Alto Tena, Tena 150150, Napo, Ecuador; (G.M.-O.); (G.C.-M.); (E.G.M.)
| | - Karel Diéguez-Santana
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Parroquia Muyuna km 7 vía Alto Tena, Tena 150150, Napo, Ecuador; (G.M.-O.); (G.C.-M.); (E.G.M.)
- Wood Engineering Department, University of Bio-Bio, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Juan M. Ruso
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Humberto González-Díaz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Basque Center for Biophysics CSIC-UPVEH, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Alves AB, da Silva Bortoleti BT, Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Ganaza AFM, Gonçalves MD, Carloto ACM, Rodrigues ACJ, Silva TF, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Miranda-Sapla MM, Costa IN, Pavanelli WR, Conchon-Costa I. Synergistic Antileishmanial Effect of Oregano Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Action on Leishmania amazonensis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050660. [PMID: 37242330 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
American tegumentary leishmaniasis, a zoonotic disease caused by the Leishmania genus, poses significant challenges in treatment, including administration difficulty, low efficacy, and parasite resistance. Novel compounds or associations offer alternative therapies, and natural products such as oregano essential oil (OEO), extracted from Origanum vulgare, have been extensively researched due to biological effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNp), a nanomaterial with compelling antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity, have been shown to exhibit potent leishmanicidal properties. We evaluated the in vitro effect of OEO and AgNp-Bio association on L. amazonensis and the death mechanisms of the parasite involved. Our results demonstrated a synergistic antileishmanial effect of OEO + AgNp on promastigote forms and L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, which induced morphological and ultrastructural changes in promastigotes. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanisms underlying parasite death and showed an increase in NO, ROS, mitochondrial depolarization, accumulation of lipid-storage bodies, autophagic vacuoles, phosphatidylserine exposure, and damage to the plasma membrane. Moreover, the association resulted in a reduction in the percentage of infected cells and the number of amastigotes per macrophage. In conclusion, our findings establish that OEO + AgNp elicits a late apoptosis-like mechanism to combat promastigote forms and promotes ROS and NO production in infected macrophages to target intracellular amastigote forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Barbosa Alves
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC-Fiocruz-Pr), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC-Fiocruz-Pr), Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marques Ganaza
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Manoela Daiele Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Phytochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Jacob Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Idessania Nazareth Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology of Neglected Diseases and Cancer, Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
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In vitro efficacy of polymer coated miltefosine drug against leishmania tropica. J Parasit Dis 2021; 46:366-376. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Batool S, Zahid F, Ud-Din F, Naz SS, Dar MJ, Khan MW, Zeb A, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting with the novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:440-453. [PMID: 33615936 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1890768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel (HePCTG) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) via efficient targeting of leishmania infected macrophages. METHODS Miltefosine-loaded transfersomes (HePCT) were prepared by ethanol injection method followed by their incorporation into carbopol gel to form HePCTG. The prepared HePCT were assessed for physicochemical properties including mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and deformability. Similarly, HePCTG was evaluated for physiochemical and rheological attributes. The in vitro release, skin permeation, skin irritation, anti-leishmanial activity, and in vivo efficacy in BALB/c mice against infected macrophages were also performed for HePCT. RESULTS The optimized HePCT displayed a particle size of 168 nm with entrapment efficiency of 92%. HePCTG showed suitable viscosity, pH, and sustained release of the incorporated drug. Furthermore, HePCT and HePCTG demonstrated higher skin permeation than drug solution. The results of macrophage uptake study indicated improved drug intake by passive diffusion. The lower half maximal inhibitory concentration value, selectivity index and higher 50% cytotoxic concentration value of HePCT compared to that of HePC solution demonstrated the improved anti-leishmanial efficacy and non-toxicity of the formulation. This was further confirmed by the notable reduction in parasite load and lesion size observed in in vivo anti-leishmanial study. CONCLUSION It can be stated that the formulated HePCTG can effectively be used for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar- Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sohaila Naz
- Department of Nanosciences & Technology, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Varma DM, Redding EA, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Nano- and Microformulations to Advance Therapies for Visceral Leishmaniasis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:1725-1741. [PMID: 33966377 PMCID: PMC10372633 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a deadly, vector-borne, neglected tropical disease endemic to arid parts of the world and is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for this systemic disease, and multiple potent therapies exist against this intracellular parasite. However, several factors, such as systemic toxicity, high costs, arduous treatment regimen, and rising drug resistance, are barriers for effective therapy against VL. Material-based platforms have the potential to revolutionize chemotherapy for leishmaniasis by imparting a better pharmacokinetic profile and creating patient-friendly routes of administration, while also lowering the risk for drug resistance. This review highlights promising drug delivery strategies and novel therapies that have been evaluated in preclinical models, demonstrating the potential to advance chemotherapy for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika M. Varma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Redding
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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7
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Lalatsa A, Statts L, Adriana de Jesus J, Adewusi O, Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela M, Bolas-Fernandez F, Dalastra Laurenti M, Felipe Domingues Passero L, Serrano DR. Topical buparvaquone nano-enabled hydrogels for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119734. [PMID: 32777535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease presenting cutaneous, mucosal and visceral forms and affecting an estimated 12 million mostly low-income people. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is recommended to expedite healing, reduce risk of scarring, prevent parasite dissemination to other mucocutaneous (common with New World species) or visceral forms and reduce the chance of relapse, but remains an unmet need. Available treatments are painful, prolonged (>20 days) and require hospitalisation, which increases the cost of therapy. Here we present the development of optimised topical self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) loaded with buparvaquone (BPQ, a hydroxynapthoquinone from the open Malaria Box) for the treatment of CL from New World species. The administration of topical BPQ-SNEDDS gels for 7 days resulted in a reduction of parasite load of 99.989 ± 0.019% similar to the decrease achieved with intralesionally administered Glucantime® (99.873 ± 0.204%) in a L. amazonensis BALB/c model. In vivo efficacy was supported by ex vivo permeability and in vivo tape stripping studies. BPQ-SNEDDS and their hydrogels demonstrated linear flux across non-infected CD-1 mouse skin ex vivo of 182.4 ± 63.0 μg cm-2 h-1 and 57.6 ± 10.8 μg cm-2 h-1 respectively localising BPQ within the skin in clinically effective concentrations (227.0 ± 45.9 μg and 103.8 ± 33.8 μg) respectively. These levels are therapeutic as BPQ-SNEDDS and their gels showed nanomolar in vitro efficacy against L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis amastigotes with excellent selectivity index toward parasites versus murine macrophages. In vivo tape stripping experiments indicated localisation of BPQ within the stratum corneum and dermis. Histology studies confirmed the reduction of parasitism and indicated healing in animals treated with BPQ-SNEDDS hydrogels. These results highlight the potential clinical capability of nano-enabled BPQ hydrogels towards a non-invasive treatment for CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Larry Statts
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Jéssica Adriana de Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Olivia Adewusi
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Edificio Seminario s/n, 46113-Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolas-Fernandez
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, 11350-011 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology and Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Bayat F, Hosseinpour-Moghadam R, Mehryab F, Fatahi Y, Shakeri N, Dinarvand R, Ten Hagen TLM, Haeri A. Potential application of liposomal nanodevices for non-cancer diseases: an update on design, characterization and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 277:102121. [PMID: 32092487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes, lipid-based vesicular systems, have attracted major interest as a means to improve drug delivery to various organs and tissues in the human body. Recent literature highlights the benefits of liposomes for use as drug delivery systems, including encapsulating of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos, passive and active targeting, enhanced drug bioavailability and therapeutic effects, reduced systemic side effects, improved cargo penetration into the target tissue and triggered contents release. Pioneering work of liposomes researchers led to introduction of long-circulating, ligand-targeted and triggered release liposomes, as well as, liposomes containing nucleic acids and vesicles containing combination of cargos. Altogether, these findings have led to widespread application of liposomes in a plethora of areas from cancer to conditions such as cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory, skin, autoimmune and eye disorders. There are numerous review articles on the application of liposomes in treatment of cancer, which seems the primary focus, whereas other diseases also benefit from liposome-mediated treatments. Therefore, this article provides an illustrated detailed overview of liposomal formulations, in vitro characterization and their applications in different disorders other than cancer. Challenges and future directions, which must be considered to obtain the most benefit from applications of liposomes in these disorders, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Bayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinpour-Moghadam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niayesh Shakeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cabral FV, Pelegrino MT, Sauter IP, Seabra AB, Cortez M, Ribeiro MS. Nitric oxide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as an innovative antileishmanial platform. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Moreno E, Calvo A, Schwartz J, Navarro-Blasco I, González-Peñas E, Sanmartín C, Irache JM, Espuelas S. Evaluation of Skin Permeation and Retention of Topical Dapsone in Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E607. [PMID: 31766282 PMCID: PMC6920985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral administration of dapsone (DAP) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is effective, although serious hematological side effects limit its use. In this study, we evaluated this drug for the topical treatment of CL. As efficacy depends on potency and skin penetration, we first determined its antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 100 μM) and selectivity index in vitro against Leishmania major-infected macrophages. In order to evaluate the skin penetration ex vivo, we compared an O/W cream containing DAP that had been micronized with a pluronic lecithin emulgel, in which the drug was solubilized with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. For both formulations we obtained similar low flux values that increased when the stratum corneum and the epidermis were removed. In vivo efficacy studies performed on L. major-infected BALB/c mice revealed that treatment not only failed to cure the lesions but made their evolution and appearance worse. High plasma drug levels were detected and were concomitant with anemia and iron accumulation in the spleen. This side effect was correlated with a reduction of parasite burden in this organ. Our results evidenced that DAP in these formulations does not have an adequate safety index for use in the topical therapy of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moreno
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alba Calvo
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
| | - Juana Schwartz
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
| | - Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Elena González-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Irache
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Route map for the discovery and pre-clinical development of new drugs and treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2019; 11:106-117. [PMID: 31320296 PMCID: PMC6904839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and several novel compounds are currently in pre-clinical and clinical development for this manifestation of leishmaniasis, there have been limited advances in drug research and development (R & D) for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Here we review the need for new treatments for CL, describe in vitro and in vivo assays, models and approaches taken over the past decade to establish a pathway for the discovery, and pre-clinical development of new drugs for CL. These recent advances include novel mouse models of infection using bioluminescent Leishmania, the introduction of PK/PD approaches to skin infection, and defined pre-clinical candidate profiles.
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Mauri E, Papa S, Masi M, Veglianese P, Rossi F. Novel functionalization strategies to improve drug delivery from polymers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1305-1313. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1285280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Mauri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Masi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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13
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Carrera ET, Dias HB, Corbi SCT, Marcantonio RAC, Bernardi ACA, Bagnato VS, Hamblin MR, Rastelli ANS. The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry: a critical review. LASER PHYSICS 2016; 26:123001. [PMID: 29151775 PMCID: PMC5687295 DOI: 10.1088/1054-660x/26/12/123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there have been an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies that show positive results regarding antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in dentistry. These include applications in periodontics, endodontics, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria present as biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a therapy based on the combination of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and appropriate wavelength visible light, which in the presence of oxygen is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce a series of photochemical and biological events that cause irreversible damage leading to the death of microorganisms. Many light-absorbing dyes have been mentioned as potential PS for aPDT and different wavelengths have been tested. However, there is no consensus on a standard protocol yet. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize the results of research on aPDT in dentistry using the PubMed database focusing on recent studies of the effectiveness aPDT in decreasing microorganisms and microbial biofilms, and also to describe aPDT effects, mechanisms of action and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Carrera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - H B Dias
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - S C T Corbi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - R A C Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil
| | - A C A Bernardi
- Department of Biology and Health Sciences, University Center of Araraquara—UNIARA, Araraquara, SP 14801-340, Brazil
| | - V S Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Sao Paulo—USP, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos—IFSC, Sao Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - M R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A N S Rastelli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 1680 Humaita St., Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil.
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Siefert AL, Ehrlich A, Corral MJ, Goldsmith-Pestana K, McMahon-Pratt D, Fahmy TM. Immunomodulatory nanoparticles ameliorate disease in the Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis mouse model. Biomaterials 2016; 108:168-76. [PMID: 27636154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis (L. (V.) panamensis) is a species of protozoan parasites that causes New World leishmaniasis, which is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response. Current treatment strategies, mainly chemotherapeutic, are suboptimal due to adverse effects, long treatment regimens, and increasing drug resistance. Recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promise in preclinical studies of leishmaniasis. As NPs may enable broad cellular immunomodulation through internalization in phagocytic and antigen-presenting cells, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of biodegradable NPs encapsulating a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), CpG-rich oligonucleotide (CpG; NP-CpG), in mice infected with L. (V.) panamensis. NP-CpG treatment reduced lesion size and parasite burden, while neither free CpG nor empty NP showed therapeutic effects. NP-encapsulation led to CpG persistence at the site of infection along with an unexpected preferential cellular uptake by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs; CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(-)) as well as CD19(+) dendritic cells. This corresponded with the suppression of the ongoing immune response measured by the reduction of pathogenic cytokines IL-10 and IL-13, as well as IL-17 and IFNγ, in comparison to other treatment groups. As chronic inflammation is generally associated with the accumulation of MDSCs, this study may enable the rational design of cost-effective, safe, and scalable delivery systems for the treatment of inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, USA; Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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da Gama Bitencourt JJ, Pazin WM, Ito AS, Barioni MB, de Paula Pinto C, Santos MAD, Guimarães THS, Santos MRMD, Valduga CJ. Miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles: Improving miltefosine stability and reducing its hemolytic potential toward erythtocytes and its cytotoxic effect on macrophages. Biophys Chem 2016; 217:20-31. [PMID: 27497059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of miltefosine on the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and its hemolytic action on erythrocytes have limited its use as an antileishmanial agent. As part of our search for new strategies to overcome the side effects of miltefosine during the treatment of leishmaniasis, we have developed stable miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles in an attempt to reduce the toxic effects of the drug. We have evaluated lipid nanoparticles containing varying amounts of miltefosine and cholesterol, prepared by sonication, in terms of their physicochemical properties, preliminary stability, hemolytic potential toward erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity to macrophages and to promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Miltefosine loading into lipid nanoparticles was 100% for low drug concentrations (7.0 to 20.0mg/mL). Particle size decreased from 143nm (control) to between 43 and 69nm. From fluorescence studies, it was observed that the presence of miltefosine and cholesterol (below 103μM) promoted ordering effects in the phospholipid region of the nanoparticles. The formulation containing 15mg/mL miltefosine was stable for at least six months at 4°C and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, and did not promote epithelial gastrointestinal irritability in Balb/C mice. When loaded into lipid nanoparticles, the hemolytic potential of miltefosine and its cytotoxicity to macrophages diminished, while its antiparasitic activity remained unaltered. The results suggested that miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles may be promising for the treatment of leishmaniasis and might be suitable for oral and parenteral use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wallance Moreira Pazin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Amando Siuiti Ito
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo.
| | - Marina Berardi Barioni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
| | - Carolline de Paula Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Anhanguera, University of São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudete Justina Valduga
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Anhanguera, University of São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), Brazil.
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Aminophthalocyanine-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation of Leishmania tropica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2003-11. [PMID: 26824938 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01879-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation ofLeishmaniaspp. requires the cellular uptake of photosensitizers, e.g., endocytosis of silicon(IV)-phthalocyanines (PC) axially substituted with bulky ligands. We report here that when substituted with amino-containing ligands, the PCs (PC1 and PC2) were endocytosed and displayed improved potency againstLeishmania tropicapromastigotes and axenic amastigotesin vitro The uptake of these PCs by bothLeishmaniastages followed saturation kinetics, as expected. Sensitive assays were developed for assessing the photodynamic inactivation ofLeishmaniaspp. by rendering them fluorescent in two ways: transfecting promastigotes to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and loading them with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE). PC-sensitizedLeishmania tropicastrains were seen microscopically to lose their motility, structural integrity, and GFP/CFSE fluorescence after exposure to red light (wavelength, ∼650 nm) at a fluence of 1 to 2 J cm(-2) Quantitative fluorescence assays based on the loss of GFP/CFSE from liveLeishmania tropicashowed that PC1 and PC2 dose dependently sensitized both stages for photoinactivation, consistent with the results of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay.Leishmania tropicastrains are >100 times more sensitive than their host cells or macrophages to PC1- and PC2-mediated photoinactivation, judging from the estimated 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of these cells. Axial substitution of the PC with amino groups instead of other ligands appears to increase its leishmanial photolytic activity by up to 40-fold. PC1 and PC2 are thus potentially useful for photodynamic therapy of leishmaniasis and for oxidative photoinactivation ofLeishmaniaspp. for use as vaccines or vaccine carriers.
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17
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Identification of Synthetic and Natural Host Defense Peptides with Leishmanicidal Activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2484-91. [PMID: 26883699 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02328-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniaparasites are a major public health problem worldwide. Effective treatment of leishmaniasis is hampered by the high incidence of adverse effects to traditional drug therapy and the emergence of resistance to current therapeutics. A vaccine is currently not available. Host defense peptides have been investigated as novel therapeutic agents against a wide range of pathogens. Here we demonstrate that the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and the three synthetic peptides E6, L-1018, and RI-1018 exhibit leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes and intramacrophage amastigotes ofLeishmania donovaniandLeishmania major We also report that theLeishmaniaprotease/virulence factor GP63 confers protection toLeishmaniafrom the cytolytic properties of alll-form peptides (E6, L-1018, and LL-37) but not thed-form peptide RI-1018. The results suggest that RI-1018, E6, and LL-37 are promising peptides to develop further into components for antileishmanial therapy.
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18
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Van Bocxlaer K, Yardley V, Murdan S, Croft SL. Drug permeation and barrier damage in Leishmania-infected mouse skin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1578-85. [PMID: 26903275 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathological disorder can disrupt the barrier integrity of the skin, thereby altering the drug delivery from topical formulations to the target site. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infection of the dermal layers of the skin and manifests as a variety of skin lesions from defined nodular forms to plaques and chronic ulcers. The aim of this work was to characterize the physiology and barrier integrity of the Leishmania-infected BALB/c mouse skin and how they impacted delivery of drugs into the skin. METHODS A histological evaluation of the structural differences between uninfected and infected skin was performed using haematoxylin/eosin, elastic Van Gieson and Iba-1 stains. As a CL nodule developed and progressed, the skin pH, hydration and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) were recorded. Finally, Franz diffusion cells were used to evaluate the influence of the infection on drug delivery through the skin. RESULTS We found: (i) structural changes in both the epidermal and dermal layers due to the ingress of inflammatory cells, as shown by immunohistochemistry; (ii) a significant increase in TEWL; and (iii) significantly higher permeation of the model permeants caffeine and ibuprofen and the antileishmanial drugs buparvaquone and paromomycin, for Leishmania-infected skin compared with uninfected skin. The infection had no measurable influence on skin pH and hydration. CONCLUSIONS We report profound changes in the skin barrier physiology, function and permeability to drugs of Leishmania-infected skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK Department of Infection and Immunology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Department of Infection and Immunology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sudaxshina Murdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Simon L Croft
- Department of Infection and Immunology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Qvit N, Schechtman D, Pena DA, Berti DA, Soares CO, Miao Q, Liang LA, Baron LA, Teh-Poot C, Martínez-Vega P, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Churchill E, Cunningham AD, Malkovskiy AV, Federspiel NA, Gozzo FC, Torrecilhas AC, Manso Alves MJ, Jardim A, Momar N, Dumonteil E, Mochly-Rosen D. Scaffold proteins LACK and TRACK as potential drug targets in kinetoplastid parasites: Development of inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 6:74-84. [PMID: 27054066 PMCID: PMC4805777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases cause ∼500,000 deaths annually and remain a major challenge for therapeutic development. Using a rational design based approach, we developed peptide inhibitors with anti-parasitic activity that were derived from the sequences of parasite scaffold proteins LACK (Leishmania's receptor for activated C-kinase) and TRACK (Trypanosomareceptor for activated C-kinase). We hypothesized that sequences in LACK and TRACK that are conserved in the parasites, but not in the mammalian ortholog, RACK (Receptor for activated C-kinase), may be interaction sites for signaling proteins that are critical for the parasites' viability. One of these peptides exhibited leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity in culture. Moreover, in infected mice, this peptide was also effective in reducing parasitemia and increasing survival without toxic effects. The identified peptide is a promising new anti-parasitic drug lead, as its unique features may limit toxicity and drug-resistance, thus overcoming central limitations of most anti-parasitic drugs. Identified unique short sequences conserved in parasite but not in host orthologue. Peptides corresponding to these sequences are active anti-parasitic drug lead. Cyclization of the peptides generates drug leads for in vivo proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Qianqian Miao
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liying Annie Liang
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lauren A Baron
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Christian Teh-Poot
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro Martínez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Maria Jesus Ramirez-Sierra
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eric Churchill
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nancy A Federspiel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fabio Cesar Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ndao Momar
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Supplementation of host response by targeting nitric oxide to the macrophage cytosol is efficacious in the hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis and adds to efficacy of amphotericin B. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 6:125-32. [PMID: 27183429 PMCID: PMC4919251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated efficacy of nitric oxide (NO) against Leishmania donovani. NO is a mediator of host response to infection, with direct parasiticidal activity in addition to its role in signalling to evoke innate macrophage responses. However, it is short-lived and volatile, and is therefore difficult to introduce into infected cells and maintain inracellular concentrations for meaningful periods of time. We incorporated diethylenetriamine NO adduct (DETA/NO), a prodrug, into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) particles of ∼200 nm, with or without amphotericin B (AMB). These particles sustained NO levels in mouse macrophage culture supernatants, generating an area under curve (AUC0.08-24h) of 591.2 ± 95.1 mM × h. Free DETA/NO resulted in NO peaking at 3 h and declining rapidly to yield an AUC of 462.5 ± 193.4. Particles containing AMB and DETA/NO were able to kill ∼98% of promastigotes and ∼76% of amastigotes in 12 h when tested in vitro. Promastigotes and amastigotes were killed less efficiently by particles containing a single drug– either DETA/NO (∼42%, 35%) or AMB (∼90%, 50%) alone, or by equivalent concentrations of drugs in solution. In a pre-clinical efficacy study of power >0.95 in the hamster model, DETA/NO particles were non-inferior to Fungizone® but not Ambisome®, resulting in significant (∼73%) reduction in spleen parasites in 7 days. Particles containing both DETA/NO and AMB were superior (∼93% reduction) to Ambisome®. We conclude that NO delivered to the cytosol of macrophages infected with Leishmania possesses intrinsic activity and adds significantly to the efficacy of AMB. A prodrug of nitric oxide (NO) was delivered to macrophages harboring Leishmania. Particles of NO donor were non-inferior to Fungizone® in a hamster infection model. Particles containing amphotericin B and the NO donor were superior to Ambisome®. The efficacious dose of amphotericin B was reduced by combining with the NO prodrug. Targeted drug delivery can supplement the innate NO response against Leishmania.
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Assessment of β-lapachone loaded in lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in L. major infected BALB/c mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:2003-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Firdessa R, Good L, Amstalden MC, Chindera K, Kamaruzzaman NF, Schultheis M, Röger B, Hecht N, Oelschlaeger TA, Meinel L, Lühmann T, Moll H. Pathogen- and Host-Directed Antileishmanial Effects Mediated by Polyhexanide (PHMB). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004041. [PMID: 26431058 PMCID: PMC4592236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. CL causes enormous suffering in many countries worldwide. There is no licensed vaccine against CL, and the chemotherapy options show limited efficacy and high toxicity. Localization of the parasites inside host cells is a barrier to most standard chemo- and immune-based interventions. Hence, novel drugs, which are safe, effective and readily accessible to third-world countries and/or drug delivery technologies for effective CL treatments are desperately needed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we evaluated the antileishmanial properties and delivery potential of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; polyhexanide), a widely used antimicrobial and wound antiseptic, in the Leishmania model. PHMB showed an inherent antileishmanial activity at submicromolar concentrations. Our data revealed that PHMB kills Leishmania major (L. major) via a dual mechanism involving disruption of membrane integrity and selective chromosome condensation and damage. PHMB's DNA binding and host cell entry properties were further exploited to improve the delivery and immunomodulatory activities of unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). PHMB spontaneously bound CpG ODN, forming stable nanopolyplexes that enhanced uptake of CpG ODN, potentiated antimicrobial killing and reduced host cell toxicity of PHMB. CONCLUSIONS Given its low cost and long history of safe topical use, PHMB holds promise as a drug for CL therapy and delivery vehicle for nucleic acid immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebuma Firdessa
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Liam Good
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Martina Schultheis
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Röger
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Hecht
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Moll
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Gelfuso GM, Barros MADO, Delgado-Charro MB, Guy RH, Lopez RFV. Iontophoresis of minoxidil sulphate loaded microparticles, a strategy for follicular drug targeting? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [PMID: 26222406 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of targeting drugs to hair follicles by a combination of microencapsulation and iontophoresis has been evaluated. Minoxidil sulphate (MXS), which is used in the treatment of alopecia, was selected as a relevant drug with respect to follicular penetration. The skin permeation and disposition of MXS encapsulated in chitosan microparticles (MXS-MP) was evaluated in vitro after passive and iontophoretic delivery. Uptake of MXS was quantified at different exposure times in the stratum corneum (SC) and hair follicles. Microencapsulation resulted in increased (6-fold) drug accumulation in the hair follicles relative to delivery from a simple MXS solution. Application of iontophoresis enhanced follicular delivery for both the solution and the microparticle formulations. It appears, therefore, that microencapsulation and iontophoresis can act synergistically to enhance topical drug targeting to hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Gelfuso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK; Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M Angélica de Oliveira Barros
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M Begoña Delgado-Charro
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Richard H Guy
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Renata F V Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Conventional formulations and emerging delivery systems for the topical treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:101-3. [PMID: 25690078 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Novel Arsenic Nanoparticles Are More Effective and Less Toxic than As (III) to Inhibit Extracellular and Intracellular Proliferation of Leishmania donovani. J Parasitol Res 2014; 2014:187640. [PMID: 25614827 PMCID: PMC4295593 DOI: 10.1155/2014/187640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis, a vector-borne tropical disease that is threatening about 350 million people worldwide, is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. Metalloids like arsenic and antimony have been used to treat diseases like leishmaniasis caused by the kinetoplastid parasites. Arsenic (III) at a relatively higher concentration (30 μg/mL) has been shown to have antileishmanial activity, but this concentration is reported to be toxic in several experimental mammalian systems. Nanosized metal (0) particles have been shown to be more effective than their higher oxidation state forms. There is no information so far regarding arsenic nanoparticles (As-NPs) as an antileishmanial agent. We have tested the antileishmanial properties of the As-NPs, developed for the first time in our laboratory. As-NPs inhibited the in vitro growth, oxygen consumption, infectivity, and intramacrophage proliferation of L. donovani parasites at a concentration which is about several fold lower than that of As (III). Moreover, this antileishmanial activity has comparatively less cytotoxic effect on the mouse macrophage cell line. It is evident from our findings that As-NPs have more potential than As (III) to be used as an antileishmanial agent.
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Nadhman A, Nazir S, Khan MI, Arooj S, Bakhtiar M, Shahnaz G, Yasinzai M. PEGylated silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles as novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy against Leishmania. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:230-8. [PMID: 25266330 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe daylight responsive silver (Ag) doped semiconductor nanoparticles of zinc oxide (DSNs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Leishmania. The developed materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and band-gap analysis. The Ag doped semiconductor nanoparticles of zinc oxide were PEGylated to enhance their biocompatibility. The DSNs demonstrated effective daylight response in the PDT of Leishmania protozoans, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a quantum yield of 0.13 by nondoped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NDSN) whereas 0.28 by DSNs. None of the nanoparticles have shown any antileishmanial activity in dark, confirming that only ROS produced in the daylight were involved in the killing of leishmanial cells. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles were found biocompatible. Using reactive oxygen species scavengers, cell death was attributable mainly to 77-83% singlet oxygen and 18-27% hydroxyl radical. The nanoparticles caused permeability of the cell membrane, leading to the death of parasites. Further, the uptake of nanoparticles by Leishmania cells was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). We believe that these DSNs are widely applicable for the PDT of leishmaniasis, cancers, and other infections due to daylight response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Nadhman
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Nanosciences and Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics, Shahdra Valley Road, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Nazir
- Nanosciences and Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics, Shahdra Valley Road, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Syeda Arooj
- Nanosciences and Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics, Shahdra Valley Road, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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