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Rodriguez-Garraus A, Alonso-Jauregui M, Gil AG, Navarro-Blasco I, López de Cerain A, Azqueta A. Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of a Formulation Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Kaolin: An In Vivo Integrative Approach. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 36615913 PMCID: PMC9824684 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new material composed of a kaolin base with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) attached to its surface was developed, as an alternative to antibiotics used as supplements in animal feed. As part of its safety assessment, an in vivo geno-toxicological evaluation of this material was conducted in rats. First, a preliminary dose finding study was carried out to decide the doses to be tested in the main study: 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg b.w. For the main study, a combined strategy composed of the MN test (TG 474) and the comet assay (TG 489), integrated in a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study (TG 407), was performed. A No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 2000 mg of the silver-kaolin formulation/kg b.w. by oral route, for 28 days, was determined. The silver-kaolin formulation did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow, or DNA strand breaks (SBs) or alkali labile sites (ALS) in liver, spleen, kidney or duodenum at any dose. The modified Fpg comet assay did not reveal oxidized bases in the same tissues at the dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. Silver was quantified by ICP-MS in all the target organs, confirming the negative results obtained under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Alonso-Jauregui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana-Gloria Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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2
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Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena M, Moreno E, Carvalheiro M, Calvo A, Navarro-Blasco I, González-Peñas E, Álvarez-Galindo JI, Plano D, Irache JM, Almeida AJ, Sanmartín C, Espuelas S. Oral Efficacy of a Diselenide Compound Loaded in Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in a Murine Model of Visceral Leishmaniasis. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3197-3209. [PMID: 34767359 PMCID: PMC8675869 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis urgently needs new oral treatments, as it is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases that affects people with poor resources. The drug discovery pipeline for oral administration currently discards entities with poor aqueous solubility and permeability (class IV compounds in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, BCS) such as the diselenide 2m, a trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitor. This work was assisted by glyceryl palmitostearate and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether-based nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to render 2m bioavailable and effective after its oral administration. The loading of 2m in NLC drastically enhanced its intestinal permeability and provided plasmatic levels higher than its effective concentration (IC50). In L. infantum-infected BALB/c mice, 2m-NLC reduced the parasite burden in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow by at least 95% after 5 doses, demonstrating similar efficacy as intravenous Fungizone. Overall, compound 2m and its formulation merit further investigation as an oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena
- Institute
of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University
of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Moreno
- Institute
of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University
of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuela Carvalheiro
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alba Calvo
- Institute
of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University
of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University
of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena González-Peñas
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and
Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Plano
- Institute
of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University
of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan M. Irache
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and
Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Almeida
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Institute
of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University
of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- Institute
of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University
of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Alcolea V, Moreno E, Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena M, Navarro-Blasco I, González-Peñas E, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Irache JM, Sanmartín C, Espuelas S. 3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazoyl selenocyanate as promising agent for the treatment of Leishmania infantum-infected mice. Acta Trop 2021; 215:105801. [PMID: 33352169 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Compounds 1 and 2 (selenocyanate and diselenide derivatives, respectively) were evaluated for their potential use in vivo against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Both entities showed low cytoxicity in vitro in Vero and Caco-2 cell lines. However, the compounds were not suitable for their oral administration, since they exhibited poor values of intestinal permeability in vitro. Microsomal stability assays did not show any metabolite for compound 1 after 120 min, whereas 2 was highly metabolized by the enzyme CYP450. Thus, the in vivo efficacy of compound 1 was assessed in a murine model of L. infantum VL. The daily i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg of compound 1 during 5 consecutive days reduced parasite load in liver, spleen and bone marrow (99.2%, 91.7% and 61.4%, respectively) compared to non-treated mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a selenium compound has been tested in vivo against VL. Thus, this work evidences the possible usefulness of selenocyanate derivatives for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Alcolea
- Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Moreno
- Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena
- Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena González-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Manuel Irache
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Marin-Alejandre BA, Abete I, Monreal JI, Elorz M, Benito-Boillos A, Herrero JI, Navarro-Blasco I, Tur JA, Bandarra NM, Zulet MA, Martinez JA. Effects of a 6-month dietary-induced weight loss on erythrocyte membrane omega-3 fatty acids and hepatic status of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The Fatty Liver in Obesity study. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:837-849.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Moreno E, Calvo A, Schwartz J, Navarro-Blasco I, González-Peñas E, Sanmartín C, Irache JM, Espuelas S. Evaluation of Skin Permeation and Retention of Topical Dapsone in Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E607. [PMID: 31766282 PMCID: PMC6920985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral administration of dapsone (DAP) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is effective, although serious hematological side effects limit its use. In this study, we evaluated this drug for the topical treatment of CL. As efficacy depends on potency and skin penetration, we first determined its antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 100 μM) and selectivity index in vitro against Leishmania major-infected macrophages. In order to evaluate the skin penetration ex vivo, we compared an O/W cream containing DAP that had been micronized with a pluronic lecithin emulgel, in which the drug was solubilized with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. For both formulations we obtained similar low flux values that increased when the stratum corneum and the epidermis were removed. In vivo efficacy studies performed on L. major-infected BALB/c mice revealed that treatment not only failed to cure the lesions but made their evolution and appearance worse. High plasma drug levels were detected and were concomitant with anemia and iron accumulation in the spleen. This side effect was correlated with a reduction of parasite burden in this organ. Our results evidenced that DAP in these formulations does not have an adequate safety index for use in the topical therapy of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moreno
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alba Calvo
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
| | - Juana Schwartz
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
| | - Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Elena González-Peñas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Irache
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.); (A.C.); (J.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.G.-P.); (J.M.I.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Murillo O, Luqui DM, Gazquez C, Martinez-Espartosa D, Navarro-Blasco I, Monreal JI, Guembe L, Moreno-Cermeño A, Corrales FJ, Prieto J, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. Long-term metabolic correction of Wilson's disease in a murine model by gene therapy. J Hepatol 2016; 64:419-426. [PMID: 26409215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessively inherited copper storage disorder due to mutations in the ATP7B gene that causes hepatic and neurologic symptoms. Current treatments are based on lifelong copper chelating drugs and zinc salts, which may cause side effects and do not restore normal copper metabolism. In this work we assessed the efficacy of gene therapy to treat this condition. METHODS We transduced the liver of the Atp7b(-/-) WD mouse model with an adeno-associated vector serotype 8 (AAV8) encoding the human ATP7B cDNA placed under the control of the liver-specific α1-antitrypsin promoter (AAV8-AAT-ATP7B). After vector administration we carried out periodic evaluation of parameters associated with copper metabolism and disease progression. The animals were sacrificed 6months after treatment to analyze copper storage and hepatic histology. RESULTS We observed a dose-dependent therapeutic effect of AAV8-AAT-ATP7B manifested by the reduction of serum transaminases and urinary copper excretion, normalization of serum holoceruloplasmin, and restoration of physiological biliary copper excretion in response to copper overload. The liver of treated animals showed normalization of copper content and absence of histological alterations. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that AAV8-AAT-ATP7B-mediated gene therapy provides long-term correction of copper metabolism in a clinically relevant animal model of WD providing support for future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Murillo
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno Luqui
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain
| | - Cristina Gazquez
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain
| | - Debora Martinez-Espartosa
- IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain; Clinical Chemistry Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Monreal
- IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain; Clinical Chemistry Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Guembe
- IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain; Department of Morphology, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Armando Moreno-Cermeño
- IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain; Hepatology Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando J Corrales
- IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain; Hepatology Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERehd, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Prieto
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain; Hepatology Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, Spain.
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Navarro-Blasco I, Duran A, Pérez-Nicolás M, Fernández JM, Sirera R, Alvarez JI. A safer disposal of hazardous phosphate coating sludge by formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate matrix. J Environ Manage 2015; 159:288-300. [PMID: 26024992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate coating hazardous wastes originated from the automotive industry were efficiently encapsulated by an acid-base reaction between phosphates present in the sludge and calcium aluminate cement, yielding very inert and stable monolithic blocks of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Two different compositions of industrial sludge were characterized and loaded in ratios ranging from 10 to 50 wt.%. Setting times and compressive strengths were recorded to establish the feasibility of this method to achieve a good handling and a safe landfilling of these samples. Short solidification periods were found and leaching tests showed an excellent retention for toxic metals (Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) and for organic matter. Retentions over 99.9% for Zn and Mn were observed even for loadings as high as 50 wt.% of the wastes. The formation of ACP phase of low porosity and high stability accounted for the effective immobilization of the hazardous components of the wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Navarro-Blasco
- MIMED Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Duran
- MIMED Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Nicolás
- MIMED Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J M Fernández
- MIMED Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - R Sirera
- MIMED Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J I Alvarez
- MIMED Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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9
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Gómez-Arranz E, Navarro-Blasco I. Aflatoxin M1 in Spanish infant formulae: occurrence and dietary intake regarding type, protein-base and physical state. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2014; 3:193-9. [PMID: 24779574 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2010.503353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in 69 different infant formulae marketed in Spain between 2007 and 2008 was studied and dietary intake estimated. Samples were analysed using an HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. The toxin was detected in 26 formulae (37.7%) at levels below the permissible limit set by EC legislation, giving a range of 0.6-11.6 ng kg(-1) with a mean value of 3.1 ng kg(-1). Increasing occurrence was found in those formulae produced by the less complex manufacturing processes affecting casein/whey protein ratio: pre-term, 14.3%; starter, 35.3%; follow-up, 42.1%; toddler 87.6%; while hypoallergenic and lactose-free were totally exempt. Additionally, the influence of main protein source and physical state (powdered and ready-to-use formula) on AFM1 occurrence was evaluated leading to similar conclusions. Dietary AFM1 weekly intake was observed to be stable around 1 ng kg(-1) bw for standard formula and 0.1 ng kg(-1) bw for pre-term feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gómez-Arranz
- a Department of Chemistry and Soil Science , University of Navarra , Irunlarrea 1 , 31008 Pamplona , Spain
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10
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Fernández JM, Navarro-Blasco I, Duran A, Sirera R, Alvarez JI. Treatment of toxic metal aqueous solutions: encapsulation in a phosphate-calcium aluminate matrix. J Environ Manage 2014; 140:1-13. [PMID: 24721638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate-modified calcium aluminate cement matrices were prepared by using aqueous solutions polluted with toxic metals as mixing water to obtain waste-containing solid blocks with improved management and disposal. Synthetically contaminated waters containing either Pb or Cu or Zn were incorporated into phosphoaluminate cement mortars and the effects of the metal's presence on setting time and mechanical performance were assessed. Sorption and leaching tests were also executed and both retention and release patterns were investigated. For all three metals, high uptake capacities as well as percentages of retention larger than 99.9% were measured. Both Pb and Cu were seen to be largely compatible with this cementitious matrix, rendering the obtained blocks suitable for landfilling or for building purposes. However, Zn spoilt the compressive strength values because of its reaction with hydrogen phosphate anions, hindering the development of the binding matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fernández
- Inorganic Materials and Environment (MIMED), Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Navarro-Blasco
- Inorganic Materials and Environment (MIMED), Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Duran
- Inorganic Materials and Environment (MIMED), Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - R Sirera
- Inorganic Materials and Environment (MIMED), Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - J I Alvarez
- Inorganic Materials and Environment (MIMED), Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Barbosa KBF, Volp ACP, Marques-Rocha JL, Ribeiro SMR, Navarro-Blasco I, Zulet MÁ, Martínez JA, Bressan J. Modulators of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in healthy adults: an observational study. Redox Rep 2014; 19:251-8. [PMID: 24949651 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential modulators of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in young and apparently healthy individuals. One hundred one individuals (53 women and 48 men) were evaluated for anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, clinical, dietary, and endogenous and exogenous components of the antioxidant defense system. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences among subjects by the median of GPx activity. A linear regression model and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to screen the associations between GPx activity and interest variables. Individuals with higher GPx enzymatic activity were older and higher circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) values, but conversely lower nail concentrations of selenium and copper (P < 0.05). The GPx activity was positively correlated to truncal fat percentage values (r = 0.24, P = 0.016), circulating levels of ox-LDL (r = 0.28, P = 0.004), and daily vitamin C intake (r = 0.28, P = 0.007), and negatively correlated to the nail concentration of selenium (r = -0.24, P = 0.026). Interesting, it was noticed that the truncal fat percentage and circulating levels of ox-LDL explained 5.9 and 7.4% of the GPx enzymatic activity. Thus, preventive measures such as adequate antioxidant intake and proper fat percentage would be a priority in the nutritional care of young and apparently healthy individuals.
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Poyato C, Ansorena D, Navarro-Blasco I, Astiasarán I. A novel approach to monitor the oxidation process of different types of heated oils by using chemometric tools. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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García-Padial M, Martínez-Ohárriz MC, Navarro-Blasco I, Zornoza A. The role of cyclodextrins in ORAC-fluorescence assays. antioxidant capacity of tyrosol and caffeic acid with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:12260-12264. [PMID: 24303878 DOI: 10.1021/jf403265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosol and caffeic acid are biophenols that contribute to the beneficial properties of virgin olive oil. The influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) on their respective antioxidant capacities was analyzed. The ORAC antioxidant activity of tyrosol (expressed as μM Trolox equivalents/μM Tyrosol) was 0.83 ± 0.03 and it increased up to 1.20 ± 0.11 in the presence of 0.8 mM HPβ-CD. However, the ORAC antioxidant activity of caffeic acid experienced no change. The different effect of HPβ-CD on each compound was discussed. In addition, the effect of increasing concentrations of different cyclodextrins in the development of ORAC-fluorescence (ORAC-FL) assays was studied. The ORAC signal was higher for HPβ-CD, followed by Mβ-CD, β-CD, γ-CD and finally α-CD. These results could be explained by the formation of inclusion complexes with fluorescein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos García-Padial
- Departamento de Química y Edafología, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Navarra , Irunlarrea s/n, Pamplona 31080, Navarra, Spain
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Navarro-Blasco I, Duran A, Sirera R, Fernández JM, Alvarez JI. Solidification/stabilization of toxic metals in calcium aluminate cement matrices. J Hazard Mater 2013; 260:89-103. [PMID: 23747467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) to encapsulate toxic metals (Pb, Zn and Cu) was assessed under two curing conditions. Changes in the consistency and in the setting time were found upon the addition of the nitrates of the target metals. Both Pb and Cu caused a delay in CAC hydration, while Zn accelerated the stiffening of the mortar. Compressive strengths of the metal-doped mortars, when initially cured at 60 °C/100% RH, were comparable with that of the free-metal mortar. Three different pore size distribution patterns were identified and related to the compounds identified by XRD and SEM. Sorbent capacities of CAC for the toxic metals were excellent: a total uptake was achieved for up to 3 wt.% loading of the three metals. In this way, CAC mortars were perfectly able to encapsulate the toxic metals, allowing the use of CAC for waste management as proved by the leaching tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Navarro-Blasco
- Inorganic Materials & Environment (MIMED), School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Hernández-Martínez R, Navarro-Blasco I. Survey of total mercury and arsenic content in infant cereals marketed in Spain and estimated dietary intake. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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García-Íñiguez de Ciriano M, Berasategi I, Navarro-Blasco I, Astiasarán I, Ansorena D. Reduction of sodium and increment of calcium and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dry fermented sausages: effects on the mineral content, lipid profile and sensory quality. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:876-881. [PMID: 22865242 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combined technological approach was applied in the development of healthier dry fermented sausages: a partial substitution of the pork back fat by pre-emulsified linseed oil and a partial replacement of sodium chloride with calcium ascorbate at two different levels, leading to low amounts of salt (14gSalt and 10gSalt, with 14 g and 10 g NaCl per kg of mixture, respectively). RESULTS The developed products (14gSalt and 10gSalt) showed adequate results for a(w) (0.85 and 0.87) and pH (4.98 and 5.21), and low lipid oxidation values (1.4 × 10(-4) and 1.5 × 10(-5) g malondialdehyde (MDA) kg(-1)). The lipid modification led to a significantly higher supply of ω-3 (23.3 g kg(-1) ) compared to the control (3.2 g kg(-1) ). Simultaneously, reductions of 38% and 50% in sodium content and a calcium supply of 4 and 5.2 g kg(-1) were achieved in the 14gSalt and 10gSalt formulations, respectively, compared to the control products (26 g salt and 0.87 g kg(-1) Ca). Instrumental analysis of colour and texture and sensory studies demonstrated that the organoleptic quality of the new formulations was similar to that of traditional products. CONCLUSIONS The developed dry fermented sausages showed healthier properties than traditional ones owing to their reduced sodium and higher calcium content and a significant supply of ω-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel García-Íñiguez de Ciriano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008-Pamplona, Spain
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Lasheras-Zubiate M, Navarro-Blasco I, Fernández JM, Alvarez JI. Encapsulation, solid-phases identification and leaching of toxic metals in cement systems modified by natural biodegradable polymers. J Hazard Mater 2012; 233-234:7-17. [PMID: 22824786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cement mortars loaded with Cr, Pb and Zn were modified by polymeric admixtures [chitosans with low (LMWCH), medium (MMWCH) and high (HMWCH) molecular weight and hydroxypropylchitosan (HPCH)]. The influence of the simultaneous presence of the heavy metal and the polymeric additive on the fresh properties (consistency, water retention and setting time) and on the compressive strength of the mortars was assessed. Leaching patterns as well as properties of the cement mortars were related to the heavy metals-bearing solid phases. Chitosan admixtures lessened the effect of the addition of Cr and Pb on the setting time. In all instances, chitosans improved the compressive strength of the Zn-bearing mortars yielding values as high as 15 N mm(-2). A newly reported Zn phase, dietrichite (ZnAl(2)(SO(4))(4)·22H(2)O) was identified under the presence of LMWCH: it was responsible for an improvement by 24% in Zn retention. Lead-bearing silicates, such as plumalsite (Pb(4)Al(2)(SiO(3))(7)), were also identified by XRD confirming that Pb was mainly retained as a part of the silicate network after Ca ion exchange. Also, the presence of polymer induced the appearance and stabilization of some Pb(IV) species. Finally, diverse chromate species were identified and related to the larger leaching values of Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lasheras-Zubiate
- Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Encalada MA, Hoyos KM, Rehecho S, Berasategi I, de Ciriano MGÍ, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I, Navarro-Blasco I, Cavero RY, Calvo MI. Anti-proliferative effect of Melissa officinalis on human colon cancer cell line. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2011; 66:328-34. [PMID: 21964875 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is consumed as a traditional herbal tea in the Mediterranean region. The cytotoxic effect of the 50% ethanolic and aqueous extract, determined by the MTT and NR assays, was evaluated in vitro on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line (HCT-116), using Triton 10% as positive control. The 50% ethanolic extract showed significant differences after 72 h of treatment, reducing cell proliferation to values close to 40%, even the lowest dose tested (5 μg/ml). In the MTT assay, the same extract caused the lowest cell viability with 13% at a concentration of 1,000 μg/ml after 72 h of treatment, being a value lower than Triton 10%. The antioxidant activity was also confirmed evaluating the capacity of the extracts to scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals, and IC(50) values were highly correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content. Bioassay guided fractionation led to the isolation of an anti-proliferative compound, rosmarinic acid. Its structural elucidation was performed by HPLC/DAD/ESI/MS analysis. High dose of rosmarinic acid (1,000 μg/ml) was clearly cytotoxic against HCT-116 cells, with a significant decrease in cell number since the earliest time point (24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Encalada
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, Pamplona, Spain
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Lasheras-Zubiate M, Navarro-Blasco I, Alvarez JI, Fernández JM. Interaction of carboxymethylchitosan and heavy metals in cement media. J Hazard Mater 2011; 194:223-231. [PMID: 21872984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an etherified chitosan, carboxymethylchitosan (CMCH), when added to cement mortars doped with heavy metals, was assessed. In the presence of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Zn) strong modifications of the fresh-state properties were evaluated. The addition of the polymer was seen to be useful in minimising some of these modifications, as those related to the setting time. A competitive mechanism for adsorption between the oxoanionic form of the metals and the carboxylate groups of the chitosan derivative was established. Studies on the metal chelating ability of the polymer and leaching from the hardened specimens showed scarce complexation under alkaline conditions, pointing to physical entrapment based on metal adsorption. However, significant chelation of metals was proved at near-neutral pH, suggesting the potential usefulness of the polymer as an agent for removing heavy metals from polluted waters and subsequently immobilizing them in cement mortars. Leaching tests carried out on polymer-metal complex-bearing samples showed a reduction in the amount of released Pb and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lasheras-Zubiate
- Department of Chemistry and Soil Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Toledo E, Lopez-del Burgo C, Ruiz-Zambrana A, Donazar M, Navarro-Blasco I, Martínez-González MA, de Irala J. Dietary patterns and difficulty conceiving: a nested case-control study. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:1149-53. [PMID: 21943725 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate potential associations between dietary patterns (defined using factor analysis) and difficulty conceiving. DESIGN Case-control study nested in a Spanish cohort of university graduates (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra [SUN] Project). SETTING Female university graduates all over Spain participating in the SUN Project. PATIENT(S) A total of 485 women, aged 20-45 years, reporting having presented with difficulty getting pregnant, and 1,669 age-matched controls who had at least one child. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Reported difficulty getting pregnant. Data were collected from baseline and follow-up questionnaires of the SUN Project. RESULT(S) Two dietary patterns were identified. They were labeled as "Mediterranean-type" and "Western-type" patterns. A lower risk of difficulty getting pregnant was apparent in the highest quartile of adherence to the Mediterranean-type pattern compared with the lowest quartile (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.95). Greater adherence to the Western-type dietary pattern showed no association with this outcome. CONCLUSION(S) A greater adherence to the Mediterranean-type dietary pattern may enhance fertility. Further evidence about the relationship between this dietary pattern and fertility is needed to develop nutritional interventions for women desiring to get pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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Barbosa KBF, Volp ACP, Hermsdorff HHM, Navarro-Blasco I, Zulet MÁ, Martínez JA, Bressan J. Relationship of oxidized low density lipoprotein with lipid profile and oxidative stress markers in healthy young adults: a translational study. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:61. [PMID: 21504598 PMCID: PMC3110141 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays important roles in the pro-inflammatory and atherosclerotic processes, the relationships with metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers have been only scarcely investigated in young adult people. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess plasma ox-LDL concentrations and the potential association with oxidative stress markers as well as with anthropometric and metabolic features in healthy young adults. Methods This study enrolled 160 healthy subjects (92 women/68 men; 23 ± 4 y; 22.0 ± 2.9 kg/m2). Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, lifestyle features, biochemical data, and oxidative stress markers were assessed with validated tools. Selenium, copper, and zinc nail concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c and uric acid concentrations, TC-to-HDL-c ratio, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were positive predictors of ox-LDL concentrations, while nail selenium level (NSL) was a negative predictor, independently of gender, age, smoking status, physical activity. Those individuals included in the highest tertile of GPx activity (≥611 nmol/[mL/min]) and of NSL (≥430 ng/g of nail) had higher and lower ox-LDL concentrations, respectively, independently of the same covariates plus truncal fat or body mass index, and total cholesterol or LDL-c concentrations. Conclusions Ox-LDL concentrations were significantly associated with lipid biomarkers, GPx activity, uric acid concentration, and NSL, independently of different assayed covariates, in young healthy adults. These findings jointly suggest the early and complex relationship between lipid profile and redox status balance.
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Hernández-Martínez R, Navarro-Blasco I. Aflatoxin levels and exposure assessment of Spanish infant cereals. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B 2010; 3:275-88. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2010.531402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lasheras-Zubiate M, Navarro-Blasco I, Fernández JM, Alvarez JI. Studies on chitosan as an admixture for cement-based materials: Assessment of its viscosity enhancing effect and complexing ability for heavy metals. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Puchau B, Zulet MA, Hermsdorff HHM, Navarro-Blasco I, Martínez JA. Nail antioxidant trace elements are inversely associated with inflammatory markers in healthy young adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 133:304-12. [PMID: 19582378 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant intake may be linked to a reduction of the chronic low-grade inflammatory state related to obesity and several accompanying disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential associations between nail trace elements and several indicators in healthy young adults, emphasizing on the putative effect of antioxidant trace element intake on inflammation-related marker concentrations. This study enrolled 149 healthy young adults, whose anthropometrical and blood pressure values as well as lifestyle features were analyzed. Fasting blood samples were collected for the biochemical and inflammation-related measurements (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and homocysteine). Nail samples were collected for the analysis of selenium, zinc, and copper concentrations. Our results showed that nail selenium was negatively associated with IL-18; nail zinc concentrations were inversely related to circulating IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-alpha, whereas nail copper (Cu) and Cu/selenium values were negatively correlated with homocysteine levels and the Cu/zinc ratio was unaffected. In conclusion, nail content on some trace elements related to antioxidant defense mechanisms seems to be associated with several inflammation-related markers linked to chronic diseases in apparently healthy young adults, which is of interest to understand the role of antioxidant intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Puchau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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García-Iñiguez de Ciriano M, Larequi E, Rehecho S, Calvo MI, Cavero RY, Navarro-Blasco I, Astiasarán I, Ansorena D. Selenium, iodine, omega-3 PUFA and natural antioxidant from Melissa officinalis L.: a combination of components from healthier dry fermented sausages formulation. Meat Sci 2010; 85:274-9. [PMID: 20374898 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new formulation of dry fermented sausage, including ingredients that improve the nutritional and health benefits of this type of product is presented. Se yeast (2g/kg), iodized salt (26g/kg), linseed:algae (3:2) emulsion (62.5g/kg), and lyophilized water extract of Melissa officinalis L. as a source of natural antioxidants (686mg/kg), yielded dry fermented sausages with technological and sensory properties similar to traditional ones. From the nutritional standpoint, a 50g portion of this product would give 100% of the recommended daily intake for Se, 70% of DRI for iodine, and 40% and 100% of the reference intake for alpha-linolenic and EPA+DHA, respectively. The omega-6/omega-3 ratio decreased from 15.7 in the control product to 1.96 in the modified one. Despite the high PUFA content, no oxidation was detected by TBARS (<0.15mgMDA/kg) and volatile compounds, showing the effectiveness of the natural antioxidants from M. officinalis. The modified formulation presented good acceptability for panelists with similar appearance, odor, taste and juiciness as the control products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel García-Iñiguez de Ciriano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Puchau B, Zulet MA, Urtiaga G, Navarro-Blasco I, Martínez JA. Asymmetric dimethylarginine association with antioxidants intake in healthy young adults: a role as an indicator of metabolic syndrome features. Metabolism 2009; 58:1483-8. [PMID: 19586644 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential associations between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and several anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle features in healthy young adults, emphasizing on the putative effects of the antioxidant intake on ADMA concentrations. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements as well as lifestyle features and antioxidant intake were analyzed in 93 healthy young adults aged 18 to 34 years. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and ADMA concentrations, as well as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Nail samples were collected for the analysis of selenium and zinc concentrations. Values of body mass index (P = .004), waist circumference (P = .008), waist-to-height ratio (P = .046), systolic blood pressure (P < .001), serum glucose (P < .001), and nail selenium (P = .004) and zinc (P = .018) were significantly different between subjects with serum ADMA higher and lower than the median (cutoff, 458 nmol/L). Furthermore, ADMA showed a positive association with several adiposity markers such as body weight (P < .001), body mass index (P < .001), waist circumference (P = .006), waist-to-height ratio (P = .020), body fat mass (P = .001), systolic blood pressure (P = .001), and serum glucose (P < .001), whereas erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (P = .021) and nail selenium (P = .040) and zinc values (P = .013) were statistically significant negative predictors of ADMA concentrations. In conclusion, ADMA seems to be related with selenium and zinc status and several anthropometric and biochemical measurements linked to metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy young adults. These findings support a role for antioxidant/trace element intake in the modulation of ADMA, whose assessment may be a marker of metabolic syndrome manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Puchau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Sola-Larrañaga C, Navarro-Blasco I. Chemometric analysis of minerals and trace elements in raw cow milk from the community of Navarra, Spain. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Puchau B, Zulet MA, González de Echávarri A, Navarro-Blasco I, Martínez JA. Selenium intake reduces serum C3, an early marker of metabolic syndrome manifestations, in healthy young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008; 63:858-64. [PMID: 18985060 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations between serum complement factor 3 (C3) and several anthropometrical, biochemical and lifestyle features in healthy young adults, emphasizing on the putative effect of selenium intake on C3 concentrations. METHODS This study enrolled 100 healthy young adults aged 18-34 years. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements and lifestyle features were analyzed. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols and C3 concentrations. Nail samples were collected for the analysis of selenium concentrations. RESULTS Values of BMI (P=0.034), sum of skinfold thicknesses (STs) (P=0.021), body fat mass (BFM) (P=0.023), percentage of overweight subjects (P=0.007), serum triacylglycerols (P=0.012) and nail selenium (P=0.001) were significantly different between subjects above and below the median of serum C3 concentrations. The following correlations with serum C3 were identified tricipital ST (P=0.033), sum of STs (P=0.012), BMI (P=0.008), BFM (P=0.018), waist-to-height ratio (P=0.016), serum glucose (P=0.045), serum triacylglycerols (P=0.001) and nail selenium (P=0.006). Circulating C3 showed a positive association with several adiposity markers such as BMI (P=0.001), waist circumference (P=0.006), waist-to-height ratio (P=0.002), BFM (P=0.025), as well as serum glucose (P=0.027) and triacylglycerols (P<0.001), whereas nail selenium was a statistically significant negative predictor of C3 concentrations (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS C3 seems to be related with selenium status and several anthropometrical and biochemical measurements linked to metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy young adults. These findings suggest a possible role for selenium intake in the modulation of C3, whose assessment may be an early marker of metabolic syndrome manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Puchau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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Sola-Larrañaga C, Navarro-Blasco I. Chromium content in different kinds of Spanish infant formulae and estimation of dietary intake by infants fed on reconstituted powder formulae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:1157-68. [PMID: 17071518 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600812956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromium is well documented as an essential element for humans. Trivalent chromium, the main chemical form found in foods, is essential for maintaining normal glucose metabolism. Owing to analytical difficulties, several literature reports of chromium content of foods, especially for the lower levels, show large variability and should be interpreted with caution. Zeeman background correction, transversely heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the chromium content of 104 different infant formulae (cow's milk and soy protein based) marketed in Spain following an acid-digestion sample preparation procedure in a closed, pressurized and microwave digestion unit. The mean and range of chromium values, regarding types and main protein-based infant formulae are presented. Additionally, the influence of the type of container used, the impact of industrial process from different manufacturers and the physical state (powder and liquid formulae) on chromium levels is also discussed. In general, the infant formulae contain a higher chromium concentration than that found in human milk (reference range: 0.20-8.18 microg l-1), particularly in the case of hypoallergenic (18.16 +/- 7.89 microg l-1), lactose-free (11.37 +/- 3.07 microg l-1), pre-term (11.48 +/- 3.15 microg l-1) and soya (10.43 +/- 4.05 microg l-1) formulae. The maximum theoretical estimated intake of infants fed on the studied formulae was lower than the upper limit safety for trivalent chromium of 1 mg kg-1 (14 microg kg-1 b.w. day-1) recommended by the experts of Council for Responsible Nutrition (Hathcock 2004; available at: http://crnusa.org/safety.html), amounting to about 10, 15-18 and 26% of the standard (adapted and follow-up) and toddler, soya, lactose-free and pre-term, and hypoallergenic formulae, respectively. Therefore, manufacturers are called upon to make continued efforts to routinely monitor chromium levels, particularly for specialised and pre-term formulae, and at the same time, might consider the inclusion of labelling the levels of chromium at least in these complex formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sola-Larrañaga
- Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31.080 Pamplona Navarra, Spain.
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Navarro-Blasco I, Alvarez-Galindo JI. Lead levels in retail samples of Spanish infant formulae and their contribution to dietary intake of infants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 22:726-34. [PMID: 16147428 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500164391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lead concentrations in 82 different types of infant formulae (cow's milk and soy based) marked in Spain were analysed by acid-microwave decomposition and anodic stripping voltammetry. Dietary lead intake from infant formula and tap water used for powder formula reconstitution were estimated in comparison with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Additionally, the influence of physical state (powder and ready-to-use formulae), the type of container used and the impact of the industrial process from different manufacturers on lead levels were evaluated. According to the results, lead exposure from drinking water was negligible with respect to formulae investigated; where soya formulae contributed the highest intake (58-73% PTWI), non-adapted starter and specialized formulae gave an moderate intake (31-42 and 26-37% PTWI, respectively), and, finally, pre-term, adapted starter and follow-up formulae provided the lowest lead intake (22-25, 22-26 and 16-22% PTWI, respectively). Based on the current state of knowledge about lead toxicity, manufacturers are called to make an additional effort in order to keep a maximum lead level at 20 microg l-1 for all infant formulae, although it is recommendable that these formulations supply the upper limit (5 microg l-1) of 'normal' human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Spain.
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Navarro-Blasco I, Alvarez-Galindo JI. Selenium content of Spanish infant formulae and human milk: influence of protein matrix, interactions with other trace elements and estimation of dietary intake by infants. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2004; 17:277-89. [PMID: 15139390 DOI: 10.1016/s0946-672x(04)80030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The selenium content of infant formulae varies as a result of differences in the amount of intrinsic selenium compounds. Manufacturers have been gradually changing the protein profile of infant formulae to reflect human milk contents more closely. Because of these variations in infant formula composition and their potential impact on selenium content, this trace element was analysed with regard to the different protein sources. The aims of this study were to determine the selenium content in infant formulae sold commercially in Spain, to estimate a daily dietary intake for infants fed on formulae and to compare with the selenium provided by Spanish breast milk samples used as a reference. We have also identified certain trace elements added to formulae which interact with selenium according to the type and protein matrix of the infant formulae. Selenium concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with a hydride generator. The selenium concentrations in human milk and infant formulae determined in this study are similar to those found by other researchers in different countries. The daily selenium intake from the formulae studied was estimated according to the recommended doses from the manufacturers. The theoretical selenium intake of nursed infants has been studied in relation to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA: 10 microg Se/day) and the specific recommendations for infant formula nutrient contents (10-35 microg Se/L) set by the Expert Panel of life Sciences Research Office (LSRO) of the American Society for Nutritional Sciences. According to our results, on an overall view, infants fed on the studied infant formulae have an intake between basal and normative requirements. This might be considered as providing an adequate selenium supply. However, the intake of setenium provided by several formulae included in this research did not reach the RDA for the first month of neonate life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Abstract
Levels of aluminium in 82 different infant formulae from nine different manufacturers in Spain were determined by acid-microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The influence of aluminium content in tap water in reconstituted powder formulae was examined and an estimate was made of the theoretical toxic aluminium intake in comparison with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Possible interactions between aluminium and certain essential trace elements added to infant formulations have been studied according to the type or main protein-based infant formula. In general, the infant formulae contained a higher aluminium content than that found in human milk, especially in the case of soya, preterm or hydrolysed casein-based formulae. Standard formulae gave lower aluminium intakes amounting to about 4% PTWI. Specialized and preterm formulae resulted in a moderate intake (11-12 and 8-10% PTWI, respectively) and soya formulae contributed the highest intake (15% PTWI). Aluminium exposure from drinking water used for powder formula reconstitution was not considered a potential risk. In accordance with the present state of knowledge about aluminium toxicity, it seems prudent to call for continued efforts to standardize routine quality control and reduce aluminium levels in infant formula as well as to keep the aluminium concentration under 300 microg l(-1) for all infant formulae, most specifically those formulae for premature and low birth neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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