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Yoo HS, Kim HK, Lee JH, Chun JH, Lee HS, Grothe MJ, Teipel S, Cavedo E, Vergallo A, Hampel H, Ryu YH, Cho H, Lyoo CH. Association of Basal Forebrain Volume with Amyloid, Tau, and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:145-159. [PMID: 38640150 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Degeneration of cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) neurons characterizes Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, what role the BF plays in the dynamics of AD pathophysiology has not been investigated precisely. Objective To investigate the baseline and longitudinal roles of BF along with core neuropathologies in AD. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 113 subjects (38 amyloid [Aβ]-negative cognitively unimpaired, 6 Aβ-positive cognitively unimpaired, 39 with prodromal AD, and 30 with AD dementia) who performed brain MRI for BF volume and cortical thickness, 18F-florbetaben PET for Aβ, 18F-flortaucipir PET for tau, and detailed cognitive testing longitudinally. We investigated the baseline and longitudinal association of BF volume with Aβ and tau standardized uptake value ratio and cognition. Results Cross-sectionally, lower BF volume was not independently associated with higher cortical Aβ, but it was associated with tau burden. Tau burden in the orbitofrontal, insular, lateral temporal, inferior temporo-occipital, and anterior cingulate cortices were associated with progressive BF atrophy. Lower BF volume was associated with faster Aβ accumulation, mainly in the prefrontal, anterior temporal, cingulate, and medial occipital cortices. BF volume was associated with progressive decline in language and memory functions regardless of baseline Aβ and tau burden. Conclusions Tau deposition affected progressive BF atrophy, which in turn accelerated amyloid deposition, leading to a vicious cycle. Also, lower baseline BF volume independently predicted deterioration in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Kyeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michel J Grothe
- Reina Sofia Alzheimer Center, CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)-Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- Sorbonne University Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Pooladgar P, Sakhabakhsh M, Soleiman-Meigooni S, Taghva A, Nasiri M, Darazam IA. The effect of donepezil hydrochloride on post-COVID memory impairment: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 118:168-174. [PMID: 37952347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) condition, known as "post-COVID syndrome," is associated with a range of complications persisting even after recovery. Among these complications, cognitive dysfunction, including memory impairment, has been relatively common observed, impacting executive function and quality of life. To date, no approved treatment exists for this specific complication. Therefore, the present clinical trial aimed to investigate the impact of Donepezil Hydrochloride on post-COVID memory impairment. METHODS A randomized, controlled trial (Approval ID: IRCT20210816052203N1) was conducted, enrolling 25 patients with post-COVID memory impairment. Participants with a history of hospitalization were randomly assigned to either the drug group (n = 10) or the control group (n = 15). Memory indices were assessed at baseline, one month, and three months later using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised test. SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests were employed for data analysis. RESULTS The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in WMS-R subtest and index scores between the drug and control groups at the 4-week and 12-week follow-up periods. However, within the drug group, there was a notable increase in the visual reproduction I and verbal paired associates II subtests during the specified time intervals. CONCLUSION While donepezil 5 mg did not exhibit a significant overall increase in memory scales compared to the control group over time, our findings suggest that this medication may exert a positive effect on specific memory subtests. Further research and exploration are warranted to better understand the potential benefits of donepezil in managing post-COVID-related memory impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Aja University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.AJAUMS.REC.1400.125) and registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (Approval ID: IRCT20210816052203N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Pooladgar
- Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sakhabakhsh
- Head of Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Arsia Taghva
- Cognitive Science and Behavioral Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Nasiri
- Basic Science Department, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ilad Alavi Darazam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Tang D, Sun C, Yang J, Fan L, Wang Y. Advances in the Study of the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Association with Periodontitis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2203. [PMID: 38004343 PMCID: PMC10672606 DOI: 10.3390/life13112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become one of the leading causes of health problems in the elderly, and studying its causes and treatments remains a serious challenge for researchers worldwide. The two main pathological features of Alzheimer's disease are the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) to form senile plaques and the intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Researchers have proposed several hypotheses to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD, but due to the complexity of the pathophysiologic factors involved in the development of AD, no effective drugs have been found to stop the progression of the disease. Currently, the mainstay drugs used to treat AD can only alleviate the patient's symptoms and do not have a therapeutic effect. As researchers explore interactions among diseases, much evidence suggests that there is a close link between periodontitis and AD, and that periodontal pathogenic bacteria can exacerbate Aβ deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation through neuroinflammatory mechanisms, thereby advancing the pathogenesis of AD. This article reviews recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD, available therapeutic agents, the relevance of periodontitis to AD, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Chang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Jumei Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Lili Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (C.S.); (L.F.)
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4
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Choi SA, Jee HJ, Bormate KJ, Kim Y, Jung YS. Sex Differences in the Preventive Effect of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Therapeutics on Dementia. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:583-598. [PMID: 37899743 PMCID: PMC10616511 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive impairment of cognitive and functional abilities. As currently applied treatments for dementia can only delay the progression of dementia and cannot fundamentally cure it, much attention is being paid to reducing its incidence by preventing the associated risk factors. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are well-known risk factors for dementia, and many studies have attempted to prevent dementia by treating these risk factors. Growing evidence suggests that sex-based factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the differences in the effects of drugs based on sex may help improve their effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed sex differences in the impact of therapeutics targeting risk factors for dementia, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, to prevent the incidence and/or progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Choi
- Graduate School of Global Pharmaceutical Industry and Clinical Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jee
- AI-Super convergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeonjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- Graduate School of Global Pharmaceutical Industry and Clinical Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Eissa KI, Kamel MM, Mohamed LW, Doghish AS, Alnajjar R, Al-Karmalawy AA, Kassab AE. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thienopyrimidine derivatives as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:937-961. [PMID: 37067008 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of 12 S-substituted tetrahydrobenzothienopyrimidines were designed and synthesized based on the donepezil scaffold. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and the most active compounds were tested for their butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity. Moreover, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against Aβ aggregation and antioxidant activity using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. Compounds 4b, 6b, and 8b displayed the most prominent AChE inhibitory action comparable to donepezil. Compound 6b showed the greatest AChE inhibitory action (IC50 = 0.07 ± 0.003 µM) and the most potent BuChE inhibitory action (IC50 = 0.059 ± 0.004 µM). Furthermore, the three compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Compounds 6b and 8b exerted more inhibitory action on Aβ aggregation than donepezil. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 4b, 6b, and 8b against the WI-38 cell line in comparison with donepezil was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The results revealed that compounds 6b and 8b were less cytotixic than donepezil, while compound 4b showed nonsignificant cytotoxicity compared to donepezil. For more insights about the binding patterns of the most promising compounds (4b, 6b, and 8b) with the AChE at molecular levels; molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The density functional theory calculations and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties were described as well. The results highlighted compound 6b, which incorporates a phenylpiperazine moiety coupled to a thienopyrimidone scaffold via two-atom spacer, to be a promising multifunctional therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It is a potent dual AChE and BuChE inhibitor. Furthermore, it had stronger Aβ aggregation inhibitory action than donepezil. Additionally, compound 6b exerted significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud I Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamia W Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Effects of 3 R, 16 S-2-hydroxyethyl apovincaminate (HEAPO), donepezil and galantamine on learning and memory retention in naïve Wistar rats. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:91-105. [PMID: 36692469 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 3R,16S-2-hydroxyethyl apovincaminate (HEAPO, RGH-10885) compared with those of two cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, were examined in naïve Wistar rats using standard active and passive avoidance tests. The active avoidance test (shuttle box) and two passive avoidance tests (step-through and step-down) were performed according to the experimental design. There were 10 groups of rats (n = 8) and the substances studied were applied orally before each testing session. In the active avoidance test, the number of conditioned stimuli (avoidances), unconditioned stimuli (escapes) and intertrial crossings were observed. In step-down and step-through passive avoidance tests, the latencies of reactions were observed. All the studied compounds showed positive effects in the learning and memory tests, compared to the controls. It was concluded that HEAPO, donepezil and galantamine had a memory-enhancing effect in active and passive avoidance tests.
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7
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Neha, Parvez S. Emerging therapeutics agents and recent advances in drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101815. [PMID: 36529440 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multivariate and diversified disease and affects the most sensitive areas of the brain, the cerebral cortex, and the hippocampus. AD is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease most often associated with memory deficits and cognition that get more worsen over time. The central theory on the pathophysiological hallmark features of AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, also associated with tau proteins (τ) dysfunctioning which leads to distorted microtubular structure, affects the cholinergic system, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This review emphasizes how simple it is to find novel treatments for AD and focuses on several recently developed medications through repurposing that can speed up traditional drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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8
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Eissa KI, Kamel MM, Mohamed LW, Kassab AE. Development of new Alzheimer's disease drug candidates using donepezil as a key model. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200398. [PMID: 36149034 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent geriatric diseases and a significant cause of high mortality. This crippling disorder is becoming more prevalent at an unprecedented rate, which has led to an increase in the financial cost of caring. It is a pathologically complicated, multifactorial disease characterized by β-amyloid precipitation, β-amyloid oligomer production, decrease in cholinergic function, and dysregulation of other neurotransmitter systems. Due to the pathogenic complexity of AD, multitarget drugs that can simultaneously alternate multiple biological targets may enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Donepezil (DNP) is the most potent approved drug for the treatment of AD. It has a remarkable effect on a number of AD-related processes, including cholinesterase activity, anti-Aβ aggregation, oxidative stress, and more. DNP resembles an excellent scaffold to be hybridized with other pharmacophoric moieties having biological activity against AD pathological factors. There have been significant attempts made to modify the structure of DNP to create new bioactive chemical entities with novel structural patterns. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of multiple-target DNP-hybridized models for the treatment of AD that can be used in the future in the rational design of new potential AD therapeutics. The design and development of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD using DNP as a molecular scaffold have also been reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud I Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamia W Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Pooladgar P, Sakhabakhsh M, Taghva A, Soleiman-Meigooni S. Donepezil Beyond Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review of Therapeutic Potentials of Donepezil in Different Diseases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e128408. [PMID: 36942075 PMCID: PMC10024338 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-128408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil hydrochloride is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor studied and approved to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, this drug can have positive therapeutic potential in treating different conditions, including various neurodegenerative disorders such as other types of dementia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, psychiatric and mood disorders, and even infectious diseases. Hence, this study reviewed the therapeutic potential of this drug in treating Alzheimer's and other diseases by reviewing the articles from databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct. It was shown that donepezil could affect the pathophysiology of these diseases via mechanisms such as increasing the concentration of acetylcholine, modulating local and systemic inflammatory processes, affecting acetylcholine receptors like nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and activating various cellular signaling via receptors like sigma-1 receptors. Despite many therapeutic potentials, this drug has not yet been approved for treating non-Alzheimer's diseases, and more comprehensive studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Pooladgar
- Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sakhabakhsh
- Head of Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsia Taghva
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hajjo R, Sabbah DA, Abusara OH, Al Bawab AQ. A Review of the Recent Advances in Alzheimer's Disease Research and the Utilization of Network Biology Approaches for Prioritizing Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122975. [PMID: 36552984 PMCID: PMC9777434 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that, after decades of research and development, is still without a cure. There are some symptomatic treatments to manage the psychological symptoms but none of these drugs can halt disease progression. Additionally, over the last few years, many anti-AD drugs failed in late stages of clinical trials and many hypotheses surfaced to explain these failures, including the lack of clear understanding of disease pathways and processes. Recently, different epigenetic factors have been implicated in AD pathogenesis; thus, they could serve as promising AD diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, network biology approaches have been suggested as effective tools to study AD on the systems level and discover multi-target-directed ligands as novel treatments for AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology to provide a better understanding of disease pathogenesis hypotheses and decipher the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in disease development and progression. We also provide an overview of disease biomarkers and drug targets and suggest network biology approaches as new tools for identifying novel biomarkers and drugs. We also posit that the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to mining Alzheimer's disease multi-omics data will facilitate drug and biomarker discovery efforts and lead to effective individualized anti-Alzheimer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carlina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control, Amman 11118, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Osama H. Abusara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Abdel Qader Al Bawab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
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Espinoza LC, Guaya D, Calpena AC, Perotti RM, Halbaut L, Sosa L, Brito-Llera A, Mallandrich M. Comparative Study of Donepezil-Loaded Formulations for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Nasal Administration. Gels 2022; 8:715. [PMID: 36354623 PMCID: PMC9689763 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a progressive deterioration of neurons resulting in a steady loss of cognitive functions and memory. Many treatments encounter the challenge of overcoming the blood-brain barrier, thus the intranasal route is a non-invasive effective alternative that enhances the drug delivery in the target organ-the brain-and reduces the side effects associated with systemic administration. This study aimed at developing intranasal gels of donepezil as an approach to Alzheimer's disease. Three different gels were elaborated and characterized in terms of pH, morphology, gelation temperature, rheology, and swelling. An in vitro release study and an ex vivo permeation in porcine nasal mucosa were conducted on Franz diffusion cells. The tolerability of the formulations was determined by the cytotoxicity in human nasal cells RPMI 2650. Results showed that pluronic gels exhibit the higher release rate and enhanced permeation compared to chitosan gel. Moreover, the combination of Pluronic F-127 and Transcutol® P exerted a synergic effect on the permeation of donepezil through the nasal mucosa. The resulting gels showed suitable tolerance in the RPMI 2650 cell line and physicochemical characteristics for intranasal delivery, and thus gel formulations administered by nasal mucosa could be an alternative strategy to improve the bioavailability of donepezil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupe Carolina Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Guaya
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miguel Perotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lilian Sosa
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Adriel Brito-Llera
- Dirección de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de la Habana, Calle M entre 19 y 21 #255, Vedado, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ali SK, Ali RH. Effects of antidiabetic agents on Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in experimentally induced hyperglycemic rat model by streptozocin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271138. [PMID: 35802659 PMCID: PMC9269384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. It is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Increasing evidence shows that the disturbance of insulin signalling in the brain may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. In type 1 diabetes, these disruptions are caused by hypoinsulinemia, but in type 2 diabetes, they are caused by insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Multiple studies have shown that diabetes is connected with an increased risk of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of anti-diabetic agents on Alzheimer’s disease progression and the levels of Alzheimer’s biomarkers in a hyperglycaemic rat model, which was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin to produce insulin-deficient diabetes. Method Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were allocated into six groups of six rats each. Group I was the negative control group. Intraperitoneal injections of streptozocin (42mg/kg) were used once for the five experimental groups. Group II served as the positive control group. The rats in Groups III, IV, V, and VI received metformin (300mg/kg), donepezil (10mg/kg), insulin glargine (3 unit/animal), and glibenclamide (10mg/kg), respectively, for 21 days. Results Inducing hyperglycaemia in rats significantly increased the levels of serum glucose, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, amyloid β 42, total plasma tau, and neurofilament light. A significant increase was also found in brain amyloid β 42, nitric oxide, acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde, β secretase, and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. The greatest statistically significant reductions in serum glucose, haemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, amyloid β 42, total plasma tau, brain amyloid β 42, acetylcholinesterase, and malondialdehyde were observed in rats treated with metformin. In contrast, rats treated with donepezil demonstrated the greatest statistically significant reduction in serum tumour necrosis factor alpha, brain nitric oxide, and β secretase. The levels of neurofilament light and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau in the brains of rats treated with insulin glargine were significantly lower than the other treatment groups. The total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in rats treated with glibenclamide exhibited the most statistically significant reductions of all the treatment groups. Conclusions Metformin and donepezil, when administered at appropriate doses, were shown to successfully lower most plasma and brain biomarkers, including glucose, triglycerides, tumour necrosis factor alpha, amyloid β 42, nitric oxide, acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde, and β secretase in rats suffering from Diabetes Mellitus. As a result of this research, we suggest that metformin, either alone or in conjunction with donepezil, might be an excellent drug of choice for neuro-regeneration and risk reduction in Alzheimer’s like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatw Khalid Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- * E-mail:
| | - Rojgar H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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13
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Eissa KI, Kamel MM, Mohamed LW, Galal MA, Kassab AE. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thienopyrimidine and thienotriazine derivatives as multitarget anti-Alzheimer agents. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1394-1407. [PMID: 35749685 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetrahydrobenzothienopyrimidines and tetrahydrobenzothienotriazines incorporating a pharmacophore from donepezil molecule were designed and synthesized. The 12 newly synthesized compounds were screened for their inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Compounds that exerted the most potent AChE inhibitory action were further evaluated for their BChE inhibitory activity. In addition, the inhibitory effects of all newly synthesized compounds on Aβ and reactive oxygen species were assessed. Compounds 4d, 10b, and 10c showed potent inhibitory activity on AChE comparable to donepezil. Compound 10b (IC50 = 0.124 ± 0.006 nM) showed the greatest AChE inhibitory action and the most potent BChE inhibitory action (IC50 = 0.379 ± 0.02 nM). These three compounds showed more inhibitory action on Aβ accumulation than donepezil. Moreover, they showed potent antioxidant activity. The binding pattern of compounds 4d and 10b into AChE active site rationalized their remarkable AChE inhibitory activity. Taken together, these results indicated that these derivatives could be promising multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud I Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamia W Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Treatments and New Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061117. [PMID: 35745693 PMCID: PMC9228613 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The pathophysiology of this disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β, leading to the formation of senile plaques, and by the intracellular presence of neurofibrillary tangles based on hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In the therapeutic approach to AD, we can identify three important fronts: the approved drugs currently available for the treatment of the disease, which include aducanumab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of memantine and donepezil; therapies under investigation that work mainly on Aβ pathology and tau pathology, and which include γ-secretase inhibitors, β-secretase inhibitors, α-secretase modulators, aggregation inhibitors, metal interfering drugs, drugs that enhance Aβ clearance, inhibitors of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, tau protein aggregation inhibitors, and drugs that promote the clearance of tau, and finally, other alternative therapies designed to improve lifestyle, thus contributing to the prevention of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze and describe current treatments and possible future alternatives in the therapeutic approach to AD.
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15
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Onzi GR, D'Agustini N, Garcia SC, Guterres SS, Pohlmann PR, Rosa DD, Pohlmann AR. Chemobrain in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Potential Interventions. Drug Saf 2022; 45:601-621. [PMID: 35606623 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the potential adverse effects of breast cancer treatment, chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) has gained increased attention in the past years. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature regarding CRCI in breast cancer, focusing on three main aspects. The first aspect relates to the molecular mechanisms linking individual drugs commonly used to treat breast cancer and CRCI, which include oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced neurogenesis, reduced levels of specific neurotransmitters, alterations in neuronal dendrites and spines, and impairment in myelin production. The second aspect is related to the clinical characteristics of CRCI in patients with breast cancer treated with different drug combinations. Data suggest the incidence rates of CRCI in breast cancer vary considerably, and may affect more than 50% of treated patients. Both chemotherapy regimens with or without anthracyclines have been associated with CRCI manifestations. While cross-sectional studies suggest the presence of symptoms up to 20 years after treatment, longitudinal studies confirm cognitive impairments lasting for at most 4 years after the end of chemotherapy. The third and final aspect is related to possible therapeutic interventions. Although there is still no standard of care to treat CRCI, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have shown interesting results. In summary, even if cognitive impairments derived from chemotherapy resolve with time, awareness of CRCI is crucial to provide patients with a better understanding of the syndrome and to offer them the best care directed at improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana R Onzi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia D'Agustini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Guterres
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Paula R Pohlmann
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela D Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
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Li J, Zheng C, Ge Q, Yan S, Paranjpe MD, Hu S, Zhou Y. Association between long-term donepezil treatment and brain regional amyloid and tau burden among individuals with mild cognitive impairment assessed using 18 F-AV-45 and 18 F-AV-1451 PET. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:670-680. [PMID: 34882830 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association between long-term donepezil treatment and brain neuropathological burden and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Preprocessed 18 F-AV-45 amyloid and 18 F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET) images, magnetic resonance imaging images (MRIs), demographic information, and donepezil use status were downloaded from 255 MCI participants enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Partial volume correction was applied to all PET images. Structural MRIs were used for PET spatial normalization. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in standard space, and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images relative to the cerebellum were computed. Multiple linear regression with the least absolute shrinkage selector operator was performed to analyze the effect of long-term donepezil treatment on (a) the SUVR of each 18 F-AV-45 or 18 F-AV-1451 brain PET ROI after adjusting for age, sex, education, ApoE ε4 status, and AD-associated disease risk factors; and (b) cognitive performance after adjusting for age, sex education, ApoE ε4 status, AD-associated disease risk factors, and regional amyloid or tau burden. In adjusted models, long-term donepezil treatment was associated with greater amyloid load in the orbital frontal, superior frontal, parietal, posterior precuneus, posterior cingulate, lateral temporal, inferior temporal and fusiform regions, and tau burden in the posterior cingulate, entorhinal and parahippocampal gyrus. Long-term donepezil treatment was also associated with worse performance on the 13-item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale after adjusting for AD-related risk factors and regional brain amyloid or tau load. These results indicate that long-term donepezil treatment is associated with increased regional amyloid and tau burden and worse cognitive performance among individuals with MCI. Our study highlights the importance of using noninvasive and quantitative 18 F-AV-45 and 18 F-AV-1451 PET to elucidate the consequences of drug administration in AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (PET Center), Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chaojie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaozhen Yan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manish D Paranjpe
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine (PET Center), Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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17
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Morris JK, McCoin CS, Fuller KN, John CS, Wilkins HM, Green ZD, Wang X, Sharma P, Burns JM, Vidoni ED, Mahnken JD, Shankar K, Swerdlow RH, Thyfault JP. Mild Cognitive Impairment and Donepezil Impact Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Skeletal Muscle. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab045. [PMID: 34661111 PMCID: PMC8515006 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (ad) associates with insulin resistance and low aerobic capacity, suggestive of impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. However, this has not been directly measured in AD. This study ( n = 50) compared muscle mitochondrial respiratory function and gene expression profiling in cognitively healthy older adults (CH; n = 24) to 26 individuals in the earliest phase of ad-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 11) or MCI taking the ad medication donepezil (MCI + med; n = 15). Mitochondrial respiratory kinetics were measured in permeabilized muscle fibers from muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis. Untreated MCI exhibited lower lipid-stimulated skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration (State 3, ADP-stimulated) than both CH ( P = .043) and MCI + med (P = .007) groups. MCI also exhibited poorer mitochondrial coupling control compared to CH (P = .014). RNA sequencing of skeletal muscle revealed unique differences in mitochondrial function and metabolism genes based on both MCI status (CH vs MCI) and medication treatment (MCI vs MCI + med). MCI + med modified over 600 skeletal muscle genes compared to MCI suggesting donepezil powerfully impacts the transcriptional profile of muscle. Overall, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration is altered in untreated MCI but normalized in donepezil-treated MCI participants while leak control is impaired regardless of medication status. These results provide evidence that mitochondrial changes occur in the early stages of AD, but are influenced by a common ad medicine. Further study of mitochondrial bioenergetics and the influence of transcriptional regulation in early ad is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kelly N Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine-Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Casey S John
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Zachary D Green
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Palash Sharma
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jonathan D Mahnken
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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18
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Przybyłowska M, Dzierzbicka K, Kowalski S, Chmielewska K, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Therapeutic Potential of Multifunctional Derivatives of Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1323-1344. [PMID: 33342413 PMCID: PMC8719290 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666201218103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review tacrine analogues from the last three years, which were not included in the latest review work, donepezil and galantamine hybrids from 2015 and rivastigmine derivatives from 2014. In this account, we summarize the efforts toward the development and characterization of non-toxic inhibitors of cholinesterases based on mentioned drugs with various interesting additional properties such as antioxidant, decreasing β-amyloid plaque aggregation, nitric oxide production, pro-inflammatory cytokines release, monoamine oxidase-B activity, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in vitro and in animal model that classify these hybrids as potential multifunctional therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, herein, we have described the cholinergic hypothesis, mechanisms of neurodegeneration and current pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease based on the restoration of cholinergic function through blocking enzymes that break down acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Przybyłowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Szymon Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Chmielewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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19
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Marucci G, Buccioni M, Ben DD, Lambertucci C, Volpini R, Amenta F. Efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 190:108352. [PMID: 33035532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of adult-onset dementia is characterized by a progressive decline of cognitive functions accompanied by behavioral manifestations. The main class of drugs currently used for the treatment of AD are acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is). The first ChE-I licensed for symptomatic treatment of AD was tacrine. The ChE-Is currently available in the market are donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine as tacrine is no longer in use, due to its hepatotoxicity. According to mechanism of action the ChE-Is are classified as short-acting or reversible agents such as tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine, as intermediate-acting or pseudo-irreversible agent such as rivastigmine. Overall, the efficacy of the three ChE-Is available in the market is similar and the benefit of administration of these compounds is mild and may not be clinically significant. Due to gastrointestinal side effects of these drugs, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical delivery studies have investigated solutions to improve the pharmacological activity of these compounds. In spite of the limited activity of ChE-Is, waiting for more effective approaches, these drugs still represent a pharmacotherapeutic resource for the treatment of AD. Other approaches in which ChE-Is were investigated is in their use in combination with other classes of drugs such as cholinergic precursors, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and antioxidant agents. After many years from the introduction in therapy of ChE-Is, the combination with other classes of drugs may represent the chance for a renewed interest of ChE-Is in the treatment of adult-onset dementia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Center University of Camerino via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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20
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Li Q, Xing S, Chen Y, Liao Q, Xiong B, He S, Lu W, Liu Y, Yang H, Li Q, Feng F, Liu W, Chen Y, Sun H. Discovery and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Highly Potent Selective Butyrylcholinsterase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10030-10044. [PMID: 32787113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To discover novel BChE inhibitors, a hierarchical virtual screening protocol followed by biochemical evaluation was applied. The most potent compound 8012-9656 (eqBChE IC50 = 0.18 ± 0.03 μM, hBChE IC50 = 0.32 ± 0.07 μM) was purchased and synthesized. It inhibited BChE in a noncompetitive manner and could occupy the binding pocket forming diverse interactions with the target. 8012-9656 was proven to be safe in vivo and in vitro and showed comparable performance in ameliorating the scopolamine-induced cognition impairment to tacrine. Additionally, treatment with 8012-9656 could almost entirely recover the Aβ1-42 (icv)-impaired cognitive function to the normal level and showed better behavioral performance than donepezil. The evaluation of the Aβ1-42 total amount confirmed its anti-amyloidogenic profile. Moreover, 8012-9656 possessed blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrating ability, a long T1/2, and low intrinsic clearance. Hence, the novel potential BChE inhibitor 8012-9656 can be considered as a promising lead compound for further investigation of anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Baichen Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No. 4 Meicheng Road, Huai'an 223003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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21
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Ongnok B, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Doxorubicin and cisplatin induced cognitive impairment: The possible mechanisms and interventions. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113118. [PMID: 31756316 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has significantly increased the number of cancer survivors. However, chemotherapy itself carries various adverse effects that limit the efficacy of treatment and quality of life of the cancer patients. Most patients who have received chemotherapy report some cognitive deficit characterized by dysfunction in memory, learning, concentration, and reasoning. The phenomenon of cognitive decline developed from chemotherapy treatment is referred to as chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) or chemobrain. The two most common cancers occurring worldwide are lung and breast cancer. The predominant chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat lung and breast cancer are doxorubicin and cisplatin. There is evidence to suggest that both drugs potentially induce chemobrain. The evidence around the proposed pathogenesis of chemobrain caused by these two drugs is inconsistent. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of chemobrain would aid in the prevention or treatment of the adverse effects of chemotherapy on brain. This review will summarize and discuss controversial findings and possible mechanisms involved in the development of chemobrain and the interventions which could limit it from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ongnok
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Korabecny J, Spilovska K, Mezeiova E, Benek O, Juza R, Kaping D, Soukup O. A Systematic Review on Donepezil-based Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5625-5648. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180517094023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and gradual deterioration of intellectual capacity.
Its etiology has not been elucidated yet. To date, only one therapeutic approach has
been approved for the treatment of AD. The pharmacotherapy of AD has relied on noncompetitive
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist - memantine, and acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors (AChEIs) - tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine.
Donepezil was able to ameliorate the symptoms related to AD mainly via AChE, but also
through reduction of β-amyloid burden. This review presents the overview of donepezilrelated
compounds as potential anti-AD drugs developed on the basis of cholinergic hypothesis
to act as solely AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korabecny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Spilovska
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Juza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kaping
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
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Sharma K. Cholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer's therapeutics (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1479-1487. [PMID: 31257471 PMCID: PMC6625431 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia. AD is a chronic syndrome of the central nervous system that causes a decline in cognitive function and language ability. Cholinergic deficiency is associated with AD, and various cholinesterase inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of AD, including naturally‑derived inhibitors, synthetic analogues and hybrids. Currently, the available drugs for AD are predominantly cholinesterase inhibitors. However, the efficacy of these drugs is limited as they may cause adverse side effects and are not able to completely arrest the progression of the disease. Since AD is multifactorial disease, dual and multi‑target inhibitors have been developed. The clinical applications and the limitations of the inhibitors used to treat AD are discussed in the present review. Additionally, this review presents the current status and future directions for the development of novel drugs with reduced toxicity and preserved pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
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Mohajeri M, Behnam B, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Carbon nanomaterials and amyloid-beta interactions: potentials for the detection and treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:186-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Espinoza LC, Silva-Abreu M, Clares B, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Halbaut L, Cañas MA, Calpena AC. Formulation Strategies to Improve Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Donepezil. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E64. [PMID: 30717264 PMCID: PMC6410084 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Donepezil (DPZ) is widely used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in tablet form for oral administration. The pharmacological efficacy of this drug can be enhanced by the use of intranasal administration because this route makes bypassing the blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) possible. The aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulsion (NE) as well as a nanoemulsion with a combination of bioadhesion and penetration enhancing properties (PNE) in order to facilitate the transport of DPZ from nose-to-brain. Composition of NE was established using three pseudo-ternary diagrams and PNE was developed by incorporating Pluronic F-127 to the aqueous phase. Parameters such as physical properties, stability, in vitro release profile, and ex vivo permeation were determined for both formulations. The tolerability was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo models. DPZ-NE and DPZ-PNE were transparent, monophasic, homogeneous, and physically stable with droplets of nanometric size and spherical shape. DPZ-NE showed Newtonian behavior whereas a shear thinning (pseudoplastic) behavior was observed for DPZ-PNE. The release profile of both formulations followed a hyperbolic kinetic. The permeation and prediction parameters were significantly higher for DPZ-PNE, suggesting the use of polymers to be an effective strategy to improve the bioadhesion and penetration of the drug through nasal mucosa, which consequently increase its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupe Carolina Espinoza
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador.
| | - Marcelle Silva-Abreu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - María José Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María-Alexandra Cañas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Donepezil-based multi-functional cholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:463-477. [PMID: 30243151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in elderly people. Considering the multifactorial nature of AD, the concept of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) has recently emerged as a new strategy for designing therapeutic agents on AD. MTDLs are confirmed to simultaneously affect diverse targets which contribute to etiology of AD. As the most potent approved drug, donepezil affects various events of AD, like inhibiting cholinesterases activities, anti-Aβ aggregation, anti-oxidative stress et al. Modifications of donepezil or hybrids with pharmacophores of donepezil in recent five years are summarized in this article. On the basis of case studies, our concerns and opinions about development of donepezil derivatives, designing of MTDLs, and perspectives for AD treatments are discussed in final part.
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Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Rabbani M, Ghannadi A, Abdollahi E. Cognitive enhancing of pineapple extract and juice in scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Res Pharm Sci 2017. [PMID: 28626484 PMCID: PMC5465835 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.207198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cognitive enhancing of pineapple juice and ethanolic extract in scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit mice. The ethanolic extract of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) was prepared by maceration method and its juice was obtained by a homogenizer. Object recognition task was used to evaluate the mice memory. Exploration time in the first and second trial was recorded. The differences in exploration time between a familiar and a novel object in the second trial were taken as a memory index. Animals were randomly assigned into 15 groups of 6 each including: control group (normal saline + vehicle), positive control group (scopolamine + rivastigmine), seven experimental groups (received scopolamine alone or scopolamine + ethanolic extract of pineapple in different doses), six other experimental groups were treated by ethanolic extract or juice of pineapple in different doses. Scopolamine (100 μL, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and pineapple juice or extract (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 40 and 30 min before starting the second trial in the experimental groups. Object discrimination was impaired after scopolamine administration. Results showed that juice and ethanolic extract of pineapple significantly restored object recognition ability in mice treated with scopolamine. These finding suggested that pineapple had a protective role against scopolamine-induced amnesia, indicating its ability in management of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammed Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Ghannadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
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Saravanan K, Kalaiarasi C, Kumaradhas P. Understanding the conformational flexibility and electrostatic properties of curcumin in the active site of rhAChE via molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and charge density analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 35:3627-3647. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1264891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
| | - Chinnasamy Kalaiarasi
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
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Kim E, Park M, Jeong J, Kim H, Lee SK, Lee E, Oh BH, Namkoong K. Cholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Hippocampus. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 73:81-91. [PMID: 27002982 DOI: 10.1159/000441522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Donepezil, a widely prescribed drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD), is now considered to have multimodal actions beyond cholinesterase inhibition. We aimed to see whether donepezil enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and relevant signaling pathways since mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of the hypometabolic AD brain. METHODS As a metabolic gauge, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was investigated as a tentative mediator of neurometabolic action of donepezil. Changes in phospho-AMPK levels, mitochondrial biogenesis, and ATP levels were measured upon donepezil treatment using neuroblastoma cells, primary cultured neurons and ex vivo hippocampal tissue of adult mice. RESULTS Donepezil dose-dependently increased mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP levels as well as expression of PGC-1α and NRF-1 in neuroblastoma cells. Donepezil dose-dependently activated AMPK; however, inhibition of AMPK abolished the observed effects of donepezil, indicating that AMPK is a key mediator of donepezil's action. Notably, mitochondrial biogenesis upon donepezil treatment was mainly observed within dendritic regions of primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Levels of synaptic markers were also increased by donepezil. Finally, AMPK- dependent mitochondrial biogenesis by donepezil was confirmed in organotypic hippocampal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that AMPK/PGC-1α signaling is involved in beneficial actions of donepezil on neurometabolism. Pharmacological activation of AMPK might be a promising approach to counteract AD pathogenesis associated with brain hypometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eosu Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Laboratory for Alzheimers Molecular Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang Z, Chen R, An W, Wang C, Liao G, Dong X, Bi A, Yin Z, Luo L. A novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and calcium channel blocker SCR-1693 improves Aβ25-35-impaired mouse cognitive function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:599-613. [PMID: 26554390 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanism involved in AD is complex, which has prompted to develop compounds that could simultaneously interact with several potential targets. Here, we report a new synthesized compound SCR-1693 which is designed to target both AChE and calcium channels that are potential for AD therapy. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of SCR-1693 on AChE and calcium channels, the effects of neuroprotection and anti-amnesia in icv-Aβ25-35-injected mice, and the potential mechanisms. METHODS AChE activity assay, intracellular Ca(2+) content and calcium currents measurement, and Aβ25-35-induced cellular death determine were performed for validation of designed targets and neuroprotection of SCR-1693. Mice were orally administrated with SCR-1693 once daily after an Aβ25-35 injection. The Morris water maze and Y-maze test, and hippocampal protein detection were conducted on days 5-10, day 11, and day 8. The pyramidal neuron number, hippocampal AChE activity, and synaptic transmission were measured on day 12. RESULTS SCR-1693 acted as a selective, reversible, and noncompetitive inhibitor of AChE, and a nonselective voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. SCR-1693 also inhibited the increase of AChE activity in the mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 was more effective than donepezil and memantine in preventing Aβ25-35-induced long-term and short-term memory impairment, maintaining the basal transmission of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, and sustaining LTP in mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 attenuated Aβ25-35-induced death of SH-SY5Y cell and the loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and regulated Aβ25-35-induced signal cascade in neurons. CONCLUSIONS All these findings indicated that SCR-1693, as a double-target-direction agent, is a considerable candidate for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenji An
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyong Liao
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Koshibu
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma SA, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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Page M, Pacico N, Ourtioualous S, Deprez T, Koshibu K. Procognitive Compounds Promote Neurite Outgrowth. Pharmacology 2015; 96:131-6. [PMID: 26228694 DOI: 10.1159/000436974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To this date, the only available drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease are cognitive enhancers, which may improve the cognitive function of patients for a few years while the disease continues to progress. As such, there are intense investigations to develop disease-modifying drugs to suppress progressive neurodegeneration. METHODS In this study, a range of procognitive compounds are tested in a primary neuronal culture to determine their relative potential for promoting neuritogenesis. RESULTS We report that donepezil, memantine, dimebon, Pre-084 and 4-IBP are neuritogenic while tacrine, rosemarinic acid, memoquin and a BACE1 inhibitor suppress neurite outgrowth of neurons. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that some procognitive compounds may possess a disease-modifying potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Page
- Translational Bioinformatics, UCB Pharma SA, Slough, UK
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Donepezil inhibits the amyloid-beta oligomer-induced microglial activation in vitro and in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2013; 40:23-32. [PMID: 24189446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused on soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid-beta (Aβ oligomer, AβO) that are directly associated with AD-related pathologies, such as cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Donepezil is a well-known anti-dementia agent that increases acetylcholine levels through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. However, a growing body of experimental and clinical studies indicates that donepezil may also provide neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects in AD. Additionally, donepezil has recently been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharides and tau pathology. However, it remains unknown whether donepezil has anti-inflammatory effects against AβO in cultured microglial cells and the brain in animals. Further, the effects of donepezil against AβO-mediated neuronal death, astrogliosis, and memory impairment have also not yet been investigated. Thus, in the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of donepezil against AβO and its neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Donepezil significantly attenuated the release of inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide) from microglia. Donepezil also decreased AβO-induced up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B. We next showed that donepezil suppresses activated microglia-mediated toxicity in primary hippocampal cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In intrahippocampal AβO-injected mice, donepezil significantly inhibited microgliosis and astrogliosis. Furthermore, behavioral tests revealed that donepezil (2 mg/kg/day, 5 days, p.o.) significantly ameliorated AβO-induced memory impairment. These results suggest that donepezil directly inhibits microglial activation induced by AβO through blocking MAPK and NF-κB signaling and, in part, contributing to the amelioration of neurodegeneration and memory impairment.
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Mortazavian SM, Parsaee H, Mousavi SH, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors promote angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane and inhibit apoptosis of endothelial cells. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 2013:121068. [PMID: 24159418 PMCID: PMC3789489 DOI: 10.1155/2013/121068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia in the elderly. Recently, a great attention has been paid to the possible role of vascular changes in the pathogenesis of AD. Reduced microvascular density and degeneration of the endothelium are of structural cerebrovascular changes in AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used for the improvement of AD symptoms. Until now, however, the effects of AChE inhibitors on vascular changes including angiogenesis and endothelial cell apoptosis are not fully understood. In the present work, the effects of three AChE inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) were tested on H2O2-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and on angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. Incubation of HUVEC with H2O2 led to a significant decrease in cell viability and an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. The tested drugs, at concentrations of 1-100 μ M, significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced toxicity. Also, all donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine significantly increased the number of vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane when injected into fertilized eggs. In conclusion, AChE inhibitors possess angiogenesis-accelerating properties and have antiapoptotic effects on endothelial cells. These effects of AChE inhibitors may be involved in their beneficial effects on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohsen Mortazavian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| | - Heydar Parsaee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran
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Kroker KS, Rast G, Giovannini R, Marti A, Dorner-Ciossek C, Rosenbrock H. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and phosphodiesterase-9A has differential effects on hippocampal early and late LTP. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:1964-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mehta M, Adem A, Sabbagh M. New acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2012:728983. [PMID: 22216416 PMCID: PMC3246720 DOI: 10.1155/2012/728983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibiting peripheral AchE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AchE inhibition was a reachable therapeutic target. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) continue to be developed. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper, we summarize the different types of ChEIs in development and their respective mechanisms of actions. This pharmacological approach continues to be active with many promising compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mehta
- The Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- The Cleo Roberts Center for Clinical Research, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
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Broader considerations of higher doses of donepezil in the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2012:707468. [PMID: 22191061 PMCID: PMC3235571 DOI: 10.1155/2012/707468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Donepezil, a highly selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), is approved as a symptomatic treatment mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Donepezil exerts its treatment effect through multiple mechanisms of action including nicotinic receptor stimulation, mitigation of excitotoxicity, and influencing APP processing. The use of donepezil at higher doses is justified given the worsening cholinergic deficit as the disease advances. Donepezil has been investigated in several clinical trials of subjects with moderate-to-severe AD. While the side effects are class specific (cholinergically driven), demonstrable benefit has been shown at the 10 mg dose and the 23 mg doses. Here, we review the clinical justification, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of use of donepezil in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD.
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Abstract
Chemotherapy has improved survival rates in patients with many of the common cancers. However, there is reliable evidence that, as a result of treatment, a subset of cancer survivors experience cognitive problems that can last for many years after the completion of chemotherapy. The etiology of this phenomenon is largely unknown, and currently there are no proven treatments. This article explores the clinical and preclinical literature on potential therapies for chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments. Emerging results suggest that both pharmacological and behavioral approaches may offer patients some benefits. However, research in this area has been limited and is sometimes fraught with methodological flaws. As a result, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions regarding treatment efficacy. These issues, along with predictors of cognitive decline, are discussed in the light of possible interventions.
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Goveas JS, Xie C, Ward BD, Wu Z, Li W, Franczak M, Jones JL, Antuono PG, Li SJ. Recovery of hippocampal network connectivity correlates with cognitive improvement in mild Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil assessed by resting-state fMRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:764-73. [PMID: 21769962 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the neural correlates of cognitive improvement in mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects following 12 weeks of donepezil treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) was used to measure the hippocampal functional connectivity (HFC) in 14 mild AD and 18 age-matched normal (CN) subjects. AD subjects were scanned at baseline and after donepezil treatment. CN subjects were scanned only at baseline as a reference to identify regions correlated or anticorrelated to the hippocampus. Before each scan, participants underwent cognitive, behavioral, and functional assessments. RESULTS After donepezil treatment, neural correlates of cognitive improvement measured by Mini-Mental State Examination scores were identified in the left parahippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and inferior frontal gyrus. Improvement in AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale scores correlated with the HFC changes in the left DLPFC and middle frontal gyrus. Stronger recovery in the network connectivity was associated with cognitive improvement. CONCLUSION R-fMRI may provide novel insights into the brain's responses to AD treatment in clinical pharmacological trials, and also may predict clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Goveas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Investigation into the efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, and novel procognitive agents to induce gamma oscillations in rat hippocampal slices. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:437-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Basselin M, Nguyen HN, Chang L, Bell JM, Rapoport SI. Acute but not chronic donepezil increases muscarinic receptor-mediated signaling via arachidonic acid in unanesthetized rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 17:369-82. [PMID: 19363262 PMCID: PMC2790024 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor used for treating Alzheimer's disease patients, is thought to act by increasing brain extracellular acetylcholine (ACh), and ACh binding to cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are coupled to cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation and arachidonic acid (AA) release from synaptic membrane phospholipid. This activation can be imaged in rodents as an AA incorporation coefficient k*, using quantitative autoradiography. Acute and chronic effects of donepezil on the AA signal, k* for AA, were measured in 81 brain regions of unanesthetized rats. Twenty min after a single oral dose (3.0 mg/kg) of donepezil, k* was increased significantly in 37 brain regions, whereas k* did not differ from control 7 h afterwards or following chronic (21 days) of donepezil. Pretreatment with atropine prevented the 20-min increments in k* following donepezil. Donepezil also increased the brain ACh concentration and reduced brain AChE activity, but did not change cPLA2 activity, regardless of administration regimen. These results show that donepezil acutely increases the brain AA signal that is mediated by ACh acting at muscarinic receptors, but that this signal is rapidly desensitized despite continued elevated brain ACh concentration. In contrast, the AA signal in response to arecoline was not altered following donepezil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Basselin
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 9, Room 1S126, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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