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Hwu WL, Chang K, Liu YH, Wang HC, Lee NC, Chien YH. Gene therapy corrects the neurological deficits of mice with sialidosis. Gene Ther 2024; 31:263-272. [PMID: 38321198 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Patients with sialidosis (mucolipidosis type I) type I typically present with myoclonus, seizures, ataxia, cherry-red spots, and blindness because of mutations in the neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) gene. Currently, there is no treatment for sialidosis. In this study, we developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy for a Neu1 knockout (Neu1-/-) mouse model of sialidosis. The vector, AAV9-P3-NP, included the human NEU1 promoter, NEU1 cDNA, IRES, and CTSA cDNA. Untreated Neu1-/- mice showed astrogliosis and microglial LAMP1 accumulation in the nervous system, including brain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglion, together with impaired motor function. Coexpression of NEU1 and protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA) in neonatal Neu1-/- mice by intracerebroventricular injection, and less effective by facial vein injection, decreased astrogliosis and LAMP1 accumulation in the nervous system and improved rotarod performance of the treated mice. Facial vein injection also improved the grip strength and survival of Neu1-/- mice. Therefore, cerebrospinal fluid delivery of AAV9-P3-NP, which corrects the neurological deficits of mice with sialidosis, could be a suitable treatment for patients with sialidosis type I. After intracerebroventricular or facial vein injection of AAV vectors, NEU1 and PPCA are expressed together. PPCA-protected NEU1 is then sent to lysosomes, where β-Gal binds to this complex to form a multienzyme complex in order to execute its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Precision Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Karine Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Chun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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2
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Panigrahi I, Grover S, Hiranandani M, Sheth J. Non-immune hydrops fetalis due to infantile sialidosis. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:212-213. [PMID: 38296756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inusha Panigrahi
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
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3
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van de Vlekkert D, Hu H, Fremuth LE, Brown SA, Weesner JA, Gomero E, Campos Y, d'Azzo A. AAV-mediated gene therapy for Sialidosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.566667. [PMID: 38014061 PMCID: PMC10680618 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sialidosis is a glycoprotein storage disease caused by deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase NEU1, which leads to pathogenic accumulation of sialylated glycoproteins and oligosaccharides in tissues and body fluids. The disease belongs to the group of orphan disorders with no therapy currently available. Here, we have tested the therapeutic potential of AAV-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of sialidosis in a mouse model of the disease. One-month-old Neu1 -/- mice were co-injected with two scAAV2/8 vectors, expressing NEU1 and its chaperone PPCA, and sacrificed at 3 months post-injection. Treated mice were phenotypically indistinguishable from their WT controls. Histopathologically, they showed diminished or absent vacuolization in cells of visceral organs, including the kidney, as well as the choroid plexus and other areas of the brain. This was accompanied by restoration of NEU1 activity in most tissues, reversal of sialyl-oligosacchariduria, and normalization of lysosomal exocytosis in the CSF and serum of treated mice. AAV injection prevented the occurrence of generalized fibrosis, which is a prominent contributor of disease pathogenesis in Neu1 -/- mice and likely in patients. Overall, this therapeutic strategy holds promise for the treatment of sialidosis and may be applicable to adult forms of human idiopathic fibrosis with low NEU1 expression.
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4
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Bremova-Ertl T, Hofmann J, Stucki J, Vossenkaul A, Gautschi M. Inborn Errors of Metabolism with Ataxia: Current and Future Treatment Options. Cells 2023; 12:2314. [PMID: 37759536 PMCID: PMC10527548 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of hereditary ataxias are caused by inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), most of which are highly heterogeneous in their clinical presentation. Prompt diagnosis is important because disease-specific therapies may be available. In this review, we offer a comprehensive overview of metabolic ataxias summarized by disease, highlighting novel clinical trials and emerging therapies with a particular emphasis on first-in-human gene therapies. We present disease-specific treatments if they exist and review the current evidence for symptomatic treatments of these highly heterogeneous diseases (where cerebellar ataxia is part of their phenotype) that aim to improve the disease burden and enhance quality of life. In general, a multimodal and holistic approach to the treatment of cerebellar ataxia, irrespective of etiology, is necessary to offer the best medical care. Physical therapy and speech and occupational therapy are obligatory. Genetic counseling is essential for making informed decisions about family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bremova-Ertl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital) and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (J.H.); (J.S.)
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital) and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hofmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital) and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Janine Stucki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital) and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Anja Vossenkaul
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Matthias Gautschi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (A.V.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Gorelik A, Illes K, Mazhab-Jafari MT, Nagar B. Structure of the immunoregulatory sialidase NEU1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8169. [PMID: 37205763 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids linked to glycoproteins and glycolipids are important mediators of cell and protein recognition events. These sugar residues are removed by neuraminidases (sialidases). Neuraminidase-1 (sialidase-1 or NEU1) is a ubiquitously expressed mammalian sialidase located in lysosomes and on the cell membrane. Because of its modulation of multiple signaling processes, it is a potential therapeutic target for cancers and immune disorders. Genetic defects in NEU1 or in its protective protein cathepsin A (PPCA, CTSA) cause the lysosomal storage diseases sialidosis and galactosialidosis. To further our understanding of this enzyme's function at the molecular level, we determined the three-dimensional structure of murine NEU1. The enzyme oligomerizes through two self-association interfaces and displays a wide substrate-binding cavity. A catalytic loop adopts an inactive conformation. We propose a mechanism of activation involving a conformational change in this loop upon binding to its protective protein. These findings may facilitate the development of selective inhibitor and agonist therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Gorelik
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad T Mazhab-Jafari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhushan Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Liu JY, Ouyang Y, Lv H, Liu Y, Yu HM, Hu JQ, Chu DW, Li ZP, Ou SW, Wang J. Deep brain stimulation for Myoclonus in sialidosis I. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105434. [PMID: 37167833 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Jin-Qu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Dian-Wu Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Shao-Wu Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping Ward, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Chen QQ, Liu K, Shi N, Ma G, Wang P, Xie HM, Jin SJ, Wei TT, Yu XY, Wang Y, Zhang JY, Li P, Qi LW, Zhang L. Neuraminidase 1 promotes renal fibrosis development in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1713. [PMID: 36973294 PMCID: PMC10043283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of the influenza virus neuraminidase has been well documented but those of the mammalian neuraminidases remain less explored. Here, we characterize the role of neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid (FA)-induced renal fibrosis mouse models. We find that NEU1 is significantly upregulated in the fibrotic kidneys of patients and mice. Functionally, tubular epithelial cell-specific NEU1 knockout inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory cytokines production, and collagen deposition in mice. Conversely, NEU1 overexpression exacerbates progressive renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, NEU1 interacts with TGFβ type I receptor ALK5 at the 160-200aa region and stabilizes ALK5 leading to SMAD2/3 activation. Salvianolic acid B, a component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is found to strongly bind to NEU1 and effectively protect mice from renal fibrosis in a NEU1-dependent manner. Collectively, this study characterizes a promotor role for NEU1 in renal fibrosis and suggests a potential avenue of targeting NEU1 to treat kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ning Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hua-Mei Xie
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Si-Jia Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jun-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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8
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Neuronal Ganglioside and Glycosphingolipid (GSL) Metabolism and Disease : Cascades of Secondary Metabolic Errors Can Generate Complex Pathologies (in LSDs). ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:333-390. [PMID: 36255681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a diverse group of membrane components occurring mainly on the surfaces of mammalian cells. They and their metabolites have a role in intercellular communication, serving as versatile biochemical signals (Kaltner et al, Biochem J 476(18):2623-2655, 2019) and in many cellular pathways. Anionic GSLs, the sialic acid containing gangliosides (GGs), are essential constituents of neuronal cell surfaces, whereas anionic sulfatides are key components of myelin and myelin forming oligodendrocytes. The stepwise biosynthetic pathways of GSLs occur at and lead along the membranes of organellar surfaces of the secretory pathway. After formation of the hydrophobic ceramide membrane anchor of GSLs at the ER, membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the Golgi and Trans-Golgi network generate cell type-specific GSL patterns for cellular surfaces. GSLs of the cellular plasma membrane can reach intra-lysosomal, i.e. luminal, vesicles (ILVs) by endocytic pathways for degradation. Soluble glycoproteins, the glycosidases, lipid binding and transfer proteins and acid ceramidase are needed for the lysosomal catabolism of GSLs at ILV-membrane surfaces. Inherited mutations triggering a functional loss of glycosylated lysosomal hydrolases and lipid binding proteins involved in GSL degradation cause a primary lysosomal accumulation of their non-degradable GSL substrates in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lipid binding proteins, the SAPs, and the various lipids of the ILV-membranes regulate GSL catabolism, but also primary storage compounds such as sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol.), or chondroitin sulfate can effectively inhibit catabolic lysosomal pathways of GSLs. This causes cascades of metabolic errors, accumulating secondary lysosomal GSL- and GG- storage that can trigger a complex pathology (Breiden and Sandhoff, Int J Mol Sci 21(7):2566, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES, c/o Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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9
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Biological Role of the 3β-Corner Structural Motif in Proteins. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyze the occurrence of the unique structural motif, the 3β-corner, belonging to the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) folds, in proteins of various origins. We further assess the structural and functional role of this motif as well as the clustering of the biological functions of proteins in which it occurs. It has been shown previously that the 3β-corner occurs with different probabilities in all beta proteins, alpha and beta proteins (α + β and α/β), and alpha classes occur most often in the composition of β-proteins. The 3β-corner is often found as a building block in protein structures, such as β-barrels, -sandwiches, and -sheets/-layers.
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10
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Machado ER, van de Vlekkert D, Sheppard HS, Perry S, Downing SM, Laxton J, Ashmun R, Finkelstein DB, Neale GA, Hu H, Harwood FC, Koo SC, Grosveld GC, d'Azzo A. Haploinsufficiency of the lysosomal sialidase NEU1 results in a model of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:992. [PMID: 36127469 PMCID: PMC9489700 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common pediatric sarcoma, has no effective treatment for the pleomorphic subtype. Still, what triggers transformation into this aggressive phenotype remains poorly understood. Here we used Ptch1+/-/ETV7TG/+/- mice with enhanced incidence of rhabdomyosarcoma to generate a model of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma driven by haploinsufficiency of the lysosomal sialidase neuraminidase 1. These tumors share mostly features of embryonal and some of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Mechanistically, we show that the transforming pathway is increased lysosomal exocytosis downstream of reduced neuraminidase 1, exemplified by the redistribution of the lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 at the plasma membrane of tumor and stromal cells. Here we exploit this unique feature for single cell analysis and define heterogeneous populations of exocytic, only partially differentiated cells that force tumors to pleomorphism and promote a fibrotic microenvironment. These data together with the identification of an adipogenic signature shared by human rhabdomyosarcoma, and likely fueling the tumor's metabolism, make this model of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma ideal for diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda R Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | | | - Heather S Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Scott Perry
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Susanna M Downing
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jonathan Laxton
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Richard Ashmun
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David B Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Frank C Harwood
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Selene C Koo
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Gerard C Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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11
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Zhang W, Yang X, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang B, Zhang J, Cho WJ, Venkatarangan V, Chen L, Burugula BB, Bui S, Wang Y, Duan C, Kitzman JO, Li M. GCAF(TMEM251) regulates lysosome biogenesis by activating the mannose-6-phosphate pathway. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5351. [PMID: 36096887 PMCID: PMC9468337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) biosynthetic pathway for lysosome biogenesis has been studied for decades and is considered a well-understood topic. However, whether this pathway is regulated remains an open question. In a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, we discover TMEM251 as the first regulator of the M6P modification. Deleting TMEM251 causes mistargeting of most lysosomal enzymes due to their loss of M6P modification and accumulation of numerous undigested materials. We further demonstrate that TMEM251 localizes to the Golgi and is required for the cleavage and activity of GNPT, the enzyme that catalyzes M6P modification. In zebrafish, TMEM251 deletion leads to severe developmental defects including heart edema and skeletal dysplasia, which phenocopies Mucolipidosis Type II. Our discovery provides a mechanism for the newly discovered human disease caused by TMEM251 mutations. We name TMEM251 as GNPTAB cleavage and activity factor (GCAF) and its related disease as Mucolipidosis Type V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yingxiang Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Linchen Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bokai Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Woo Jung Cho
- BRCF Microscopy Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Varsha Venkatarangan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bala Bharathi Burugula
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob O Kitzman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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12
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Fluorescent In Situ Staining and Flow Cytometric Procedures as New Pre-Diagnostic Tests for Sialidosis, GM1 Gangliosidosis and Niemann–Pick Type C. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081962. [PMID: 36009508 PMCID: PMC9405762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis is essential in the field of lysosomal storage disorders for the proper management of patients and for starting therapies before irreversible damage occurs, particularly in neurodegenerative conditions. Currently, specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders are lacking in routine laboratory practice, except for enzymatic tests, which are available only in specialized metabolic centers. Recently, we established a method for measuring and verifying changes in GM1 ganglioside levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with GM1 gangliosidosis. However, fresh blood is not always available, and using frozen/thawed lymphocytes can lead to inaccurate results. Methods: We used frozen/thawed fibroblasts obtained from stored biopsies to explore the feasibility of fluorescent imaging and flow-cytometric methods to track changes in storage materials in fibroblasts from patients with three lysosomal neurodegenerative conditions: GM1 gangliosidosis, Sialidosis, and Niemann–Pick type C. We used specific markers for each pathology. Results and Conclusions: We demonstrated that with our methods, it is possible to clearly distinguish the levels of accumulated metabolites in fibroblasts from affected and unaffected patients for all the three pathologies considered. Our methods proved to be rapid, sensitive, unbiased, and potentially applicable to other LSDs.
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13
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Haslund-Gourley BS, Aziz PV, Heithoff DM, Restagno D, Fried JC, Ilse MB, Bäumges H, Mahan MJ, Lübke T, Marth JD. Establishment of blood glycosidase activities and their excursions in sepsis. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac113. [PMID: 35967980 PMCID: PMC9364217 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosidases are hydrolytic enzymes studied principally in the context of intracellular catabolism within the lysosome. Therefore, glycosidase activities are classically measured in experimentally acidified assay conditions reflecting their low pH optima. However, glycosidases are also present in the bloodstream where they may retain sufficient activity to participate in the regulation of glycoprotein half-lives, proteostasis, and disease pathogenesis. We have, herein, established at physiological pH 7.4 in blood plasma and sera the normal ranges of four major glycosidase activities essential for blood glycoprotein remodeling in healthy mice and humans. These activities included β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, and α-fucosidase. We have identified their origins to include the mammalian genes Glb1, HexB, Man2a1, and Fuca1. In experimental sepsis, excursions of glycosidase activities occurred with differences in host responses to discrete bacterial pathogens. Among similar excursions in human sepsis, the elevation of β-galactosidase activity was a prognostic indicator of increased likelihood of patient death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Haslund-Gourley
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter V Aziz
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Douglas M Heithoff
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Damien Restagno
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Fried
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cottage Hospital of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Mai-Britt Ilse
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Germany
| | - Hannah Bäumges
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Germany
| | - Michael J Mahan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Torben Lübke
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Germany
| | - Jamey D Marth
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Khan A, Sergi CM. NEU1—A Unique Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902259. [PMID: 35847014 PMCID: PMC9277458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) is considered to be the most abundant and ubiquitous mammalian enzyme, with a broad tissue distribution. It plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular mechanisms. The deficiency of NEU1 has been implicated in various pathological manifestations of sialidosis and neurodegeneration. Thus, it is a novel therapeutic target for neurodegenerative changes in the Alzheimer’s brain. However, to manipulate NEU1 as a therapeutic target, it is imperative to understand that, although NEU1 is commonly known for its lysosomal catabolic function, it is also involved in other pathways. NEU1 is involved in immune response modulation, elastic fiber assembly modulation, insulin signaling, and cell proliferation. In recent years, our knowledge of NEU1 has continued to grow, yet, at the present moment, current data is still limited. In addition, the unique biochemical properties of NEU1 make it challenging to target it as an effective therapeutic option for sialidosis, which is a rare disease but has an enormous patient burden. However, the fact that NEU1 has been linked to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, which is rapidly growing worldwide, makes it more relevant to be studied and explored. In the present study, the authors have discussed various cellular mechanisms involving NEU1 and how they are relevant to sialidosis and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Consolato M. Sergi,
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15
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Tazi K, Guy‐Viterbo V, Gheldof A, Empain A, Paternoster A, De Laet C. Ascites in infantile onset type
II
Sialidosis. JIMD Rep 2022; 63:316-321. [PMID: 35822090 PMCID: PMC9259393 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoutar Tazi
- Paediatric Department Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue Jean Joseph Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels Belgium
| | - Vanessa Guy‐Viterbo
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue Jean Joseph Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Center for Medical Genetics Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Avenue du Laerbeek 101, 1090 Brussels Belgium
| | - Aurélie Empain
- Nutrition and Metabolic Unit Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue Jean Joseph Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels Belgium
| | - Anne Paternoster
- Paediatric Department Centre Hospitalier EpiCURA Route de Mons 63, 7301 Hornu Belgium
| | - Corinne De Laet
- Nutrition and Metabolic Unit Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue Jean Joseph Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels Belgium
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16
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Hematopoietic cell transplantation for sialidosis type I. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 30:100832. [PMID: 35242566 PMCID: PMC8856904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the clinical and laboratory follow-up data of an adolescent female with Type I Sialidosis who underwent bone marrow transplant (BMT). After BMT, plasma and urine biomarkers responded concurrently with engraftment. Neuropsychiatry data showed preservation in some domains, but she did have overall decline in motor performance. Sialidosis is a very rare lysosomal condition, and we believe this to be the first report of a case of Type I Sialidosis undergoing BMT.
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17
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Vial F, McGurrin P, Attaripour S, d'Azzo A, Tifft CJ, Toro C, Hallett M. Myoclonus generators in sialidosis. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2022; 7:169-173. [PMID: 35800887 PMCID: PMC9253402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortical origin of myoclonus in sialidosis does not fully explain the phenomena. We used electrophysiology to show a possible subcortical source for the myoclonus. Correct understanding of this physiopathology may help improve treatment.
Objective Sialidosis is an inborn error of metabolism. There is evidence that the myoclonic movements observed in this disorder have a cortical origin, but this mechanism does not fully explain the bilaterally synchronous myoclonus activity frequently observed in many patients. We present evidence of a subcortical basis for synchronous myoclonic phenomena. Methods Electromyographic investigations were undertaken in two molecularly and biochemically confirmed patients with sialidosis type-1. Results The EMG recordings showed clear episodes of bilaterally synchronous myoclonic activity in contralateral homologous muscles. We also observed a high muscular-muscular coherence with near-zero time-lag between these muscles. Conclusion The absence of coherence phase lag between the right-and-left homologous muscles during synchronous events indicates that a unilateral cortical source cannot fully explain the myoclonic activity. There must exist a subcortical mechanism for bilateral synchronization accounting for this phenomenon. Significance Understanding this mechanism may illuminate cortical-subcortical relationships in myoclonus.
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18
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Hu H, Mosca R, Gomero E, van de Vlekkert D, Campos Y, Fremuth LE, Brown SA, Weesner JA, Annunziata I, d’Azzo A. AAV-mediated gene therapy for galactosialidosis: A long-term safety and efficacy study. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:644-658. [PMID: 34901309 PMCID: PMC8640647 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AAV-mediated gene therapy holds promise for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), some of which are already in clinical trials. Yet, ultra-rare subtypes of LSDs, such as some glycoproteinoses, have lagged. Here, we report on a long-term safety and efficacy preclinical study conducted in the murine model of galactosialidosis, a glycoproteinosis caused by a deficiency of protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA). One-month-old Ctsa -/- mice were injected intravenously with a high dose of a self-complementary AAV2/8 vector expressing human CTSA in the liver. Treated mice, examined up to 12 months post injection, appeared grossly indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates. Sustained expression of scAAV2/8-CTSA in the liver resulted in the release of the therapeutic precursor protein in circulation and its widespread uptake by cells in visceral organs and the brain. Increased cathepsin A activity resolved lysosomal vacuolation throughout the affected organs and sialyl-oligosacchariduria. No signs of hyperplasia or inflammation were detected in the liver up to a year of age. Clinical chemistry panels, blood cell counts, and T cell immune responses were normal in all treated animals. These results warrant a close consideration of this gene therapy approach for the treatment of galactosialidosis, an orphan disease with no cure in sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rosario Mosca
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elida Gomero
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leigh E. Fremuth
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Scott A. Brown
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jason A. Weesner
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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19
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Flores-Contreras EA, García-Ortiz JE, Robles-Espinoza CD, Zomosa-Signoret V, Becerra-Solano LE, Vidaltamayo R, Castaneda-García C, Esparza-García E, Molina-Aguilar C, Hernández-Orozco AA, Córdova-Fletes C. Clinical Exome Sequencing Enables Congenital Sialidosis Type II Diagnosis in Two Siblings Presenting with Unreported Clinical Features from a Rare Homozygous Sequence Variant p.(Tyr370Cys) in NEU1. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:250-257. [PMID: 34421504 DOI: 10.1159/000515081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease that presents with progressive lysosomal storage of sialylated glycopeptides and oligosaccharides caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous sequence variants in the neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) gene. These sequence variants can lead to sialidosis type I and II; the latter is the most severe and presents prenatally or at early age. However, sialidosis diagnosis is challenging, especially in those health systems with limited resources of developing countries. Consequently, it is necessary to dip into high-throughput molecular diagnostic tools to allow for an accurate diagnosis with better cost-effectiveness and turnaround time. We report a 4-member pedigree segregating an ultrarare missense variant, c.1109A>G; p.Tyr370Cys, in NEU1 as detected by whole-exome sequencing. Two short-lived siblings, who presented with previously unreported clinical features from such a homozygous sequence variant, were diagnosed with sialidosis type II. Additionally, we present a novel molecular model exhibiting the consequences of the variant in the sialidase-1 tridimensional structure. This study allowed us to provide a definitive diagnosis for our patients, increase our understanding of this pathogenic variant, and improve genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Ariadna Flores-Contreras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - José Elías García-Ortiz
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, CMNO-IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Zomosa-Signoret
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis Eduardo Becerra-Solano
- División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Clínicas, CUALTOS Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán, Mexico
| | - Román Vidaltamayo
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro GG, Mexico
| | - Carolina Castaneda-García
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Molina-Aguilar
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Córdova-Fletes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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20
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Tual-Chalot S, Stellos K. Drug repurposing to prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3783-3785. [PMID: 34254122 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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21
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Daich Varela M, Zein WM, Toro C, Groden C, Johnston J, Huryn LA, d'Azzo A, Tifft CJ, FitzGibbon EJ. A sialidosis type I cohort and a quantitative approach to multimodal ophthalmic imaging of the macular cherry-red spot. Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 105:838-843. [PMID: 32753397 PMCID: PMC8142419 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the ophthalmologic findings on the largest cohort of patients with sialidosis type I due to deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase, neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) and to introduce a quantitative neuroretinal image analysis approach to the associated 'macular cherry-red spot'. METHODS Seven patients with sialidosis type I (mutations in NEU1) and one with galactosialidosis (mutations in CTSA) were included. All patients underwent detailed ophthalmological examinations. The reflectivity of macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) was measured using greyscale analysis (Fiji) and compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Four patients were evaluated over a time of 1.5+0.5 years. RESULTS The mean age of the patients at their first visit was 27.5+9.8 years. All patients had a macular cherry-red spot, clear corneas and visually non-significant lenticular opacities. The mean visual acuity was LogMar 0.4 (20/50)+0.4 (20/20 to 20/125). Six patients had good visual function. Optic atrophy was present in two individuals with reduced acuity. A significant increase in macular reflectivity was present in all patients compared to age-matched controls (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Most of our patients (75%) have preserved visual acuity, even in adulthood. The presence of optic atrophy is associated with poor visual acuity. Increased macular reflectivity by OCT greyscale measurements is noted in all patients, although the underlying biological basis is unknown. These findings complement the current methods for examining and monitoring disease progression, especially in patients for whom visualisation of the cherry-red spot is not entirely clear. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00029965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Groden
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean Johnston
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laryssa A Huryn
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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Huizing M, Hackbarth ME, Adams DR, Wasserstein M, Patterson MC, Walkley SU, Gahl WA. Free sialic acid storage disorder: Progress and promise. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135896. [PMID: 33862140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal free sialic acid storage disorder (FSASD) is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative, multisystemic disorder caused by defects in the lysosomal sialic acid membrane exporter SLC17A5 (sialin). SLC17A5 defects cause free sialic acid and some other acidic hexoses to accumulate in lysosomes, resulting in enlarged lysosomes in some cell types and 10-100-fold increased urinary excretion of free sialic acid. Clinical features of FSASD include coarse facial features, organomegaly, and progressive neurodegenerative symptoms with cognitive impairment, cerebellar ataxia and muscular hypotonia. Central hypomyelination with cerebellar atrophy and thinning of the corpus callosum are also prominent disease features. Around 200 FSASD cases are reported worldwide, with the clinical spectrum ranging from a severe infantile onset form, often lethal in early childhood, to a mild, less severe form with subjects living into adulthood, also called Salla disease. The pathobiology of FSASD remains poorly understood and FSASD is likely underdiagnosed. Known patients have experienced a diagnostic delay due to the rarity of the disorder, absence of routine urine sialic acid testing, and non-specific clinical symptoms, including developmental delay, ataxia and infantile hypomyelination. There is no approved therapy for FSASD. We initiated a multidisciplinary collaborative effort involving worldwide academic clinical and scientific FSASD experts, the National Institutes of Health (USA), and the FSASD patient advocacy group (Salla Treatment and Research [S.T.A.R.] Foundation) to overcome the scientific, clinical and financial challenges facing the development of new treatments for FSASD. We aim to collect data that incentivize industry to further develop, obtain approval for, and commercialize FSASD treatments. This review summarizes current aspects of FSASD diagnosis, prevalence, etiology, and disease models, as well as challenges on the path to therapeutic approaches for FSASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
| | - Mary E Hackbarth
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - David R Adams
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Melissa Wasserstein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, 10467, United States; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Marc C Patterson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Steven U Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
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23
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Bongiovanni A, Cusimano A, Annunziata I, d'Azzo A. Sialylation of host proteins as targetable risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility and spreading: A hypothesis. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:192-197. [PMID: 33733058 PMCID: PMC7944874 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) develop a critical and even fatal disease, called Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19), that eventually evolves into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The gravity of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, the escalating number of confirmed cases around the world, the many unknowns related to the virus mode of action, and the heterogenous outcome of COVID‐19 disease in the population ask for the rapid development of alternative approaches, including repurposing of existing drugs, that may dampen virus infectivity. SARS‐CoV‐2 infects human cells through interaction with sialylated receptors at the surface of epithelial cells, such as angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Glycan composition on virus entry receptors has been shown to influence the rate of infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and spreading of virions has recently been linked to altered lysosomal exocytosis. These processes could concurrently involve the lysosomal system and its glycosidases. We hypothesize that modulating the activity of one of them, the lysosomal sialidase NEU1, could impinge on both the sialylation status of ACE2 and other host receptors as well as the extent of lysosomal exocytosis. Thus NEU1‐controlled pathways may represent therapeutic targets, which could impact on SARS‐CoV‐2 susceptibility, infectivity, and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB) National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee USA
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24
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Machado ER, Annunziata I, van de Vlekkert D, Grosveld GC, d’Azzo A. Lysosomes and Cancer Progression: A Malignant Liaison. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642494. [PMID: 33718382 PMCID: PMC7952443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During primary tumorigenesis isolated cancer cells may undergo genetic or epigenetic changes that render them responsive to additional intrinsic or extrinsic cues, so that they enter a transitional state and eventually acquire an aggressive, metastatic phenotype. Among these changes is the alteration of the cell metabolic/catabolic machinery that creates the most permissive conditions for invasion, dissemination, and survival. The lysosomal system has emerged as a crucial player in this malignant transformation, making this system a potential therapeutic target in cancer. By virtue of their ubiquitous distribution in mammalian cells, their multifaced activities that control catabolic and anabolic processes, and their interplay with other organelles and the plasma membrane (PM), lysosomes function as platforms for inter- and intracellular communication. This is due to their capacity to adapt and sense nutrient availability, to spatially segregate specific functions depending on their position, to fuse with other compartments and with the PM, and to engage in membrane contact sites (MCS) with other organelles. Here we review the latest advances in our understanding of the role of the lysosomal system in cancer progression. We focus on how changes in lysosomal nutrient sensing, as well as lysosomal positioning, exocytosis, and fusion perturb the communication between tumor cells themselves and between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, we describe the potential impact of MCS between lysosomes and other organelles in propelling cancer growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda R. Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Klein J, Baker NC, Foil DH, Zorn KM, Urbina F, Puhl AC, Ekins S. Using Bibliometric Analysis and Machine Learning to Identify Compounds Binding to Sialidase-1. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3186-3193. [PMID: 33553934 PMCID: PMC7860073 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rare diseases impact hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. However, few therapies exist to treat the rare disease population because financial resources are limited, the number of patients affected is low, bioactivity data is often nonexistent, and very few animal models exist to support preclinical development efforts. Sialidosis is an ultrarare lysosomal storage disorder in which mutations in the NEU1 gene result in the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme sialidase-1. This enzyme catalyzes the removal of sialic acid moieties from glycoproteins and glycolipids. Therefore, the defective or deficient protein leads to the buildup of sialylated glycoproteins as well as several characteristic symptoms of sialidosis including visual impairment, ataxia, hepatomegaly, dysostosis multiplex, and developmental delay. In this study, we used a bibliometric tool to generate links between lysosomal storage disease (LSD) targets and existing bioactivity data that could be curated in order to build machine learning models and screen compounds in silico. We focused on sialidase as an example, and we used the data curated from the literature to build a Bayesian model which was then used to score compound libraries and rank these molecules for in vitro testing. Two compounds were identified from in vitro testing using microscale thermophoresis, namely sulfameter (K d 2.15 ± 1.02 μM) and mexenone (K d 8.88 ± 4.02 μM), which validated our approach to identifying new molecules binding to this protein, which could represent possible drug candidates that can be evaluated further as potential chaperones for this ultrarare lysosomal disease for which there is currently no treatment. Combining bibliometric and machine learning approaches has the ability to assist in curating small molecule data and model building, respectively, for rare disease drug discovery. This approach also has the capability to identify new compounds that are potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
J. Klein
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Nancy C. Baker
- ParlezChem, 123 W Union Street, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Daniel H. Foil
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Kimberley M. Zorn
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Fabio Urbina
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Ana C. Puhl
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- . Phone: 215-687-1320
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An iPSC-based neural model of sialidosis uncovers glycolytic impairment-causing presynaptic dysfunction and deregulation of Ca 2+ dynamics. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105279. [PMID: 33516873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis is a neuropathic lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in the NEU1 gene-encoding lysosomal neuraminidase and characterized by abnormal accumulation of undigested sialyl-oligoconjugates in systemic organs including brain. Although patients exhibit neurological symptoms, the underlying neuropathological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from skin fibroblasts with sialidosis and induced the differentiation into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Sialidosis NPCs and neurons mimicked the disease-like phenotypes including reduced neuraminidase activity, accumulation of sialyl-oligoconjugates and lysosomal expansions. Functional analysis also revealed that sialidosis neurons displayed two distinct abnormalities, defective exocytotic glutamate release and augmented α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated Ca2+ influx. These abnormalities were restored by overexpression of the wild-type NEU1 gene, demonstrating causative role of neuraminidase deficiency in functional impairments of disease neurons. Comprehensive proteomics analysis revealed the significant reduction of SNARE proteins and glycolytic enzymes in synaptosomal fraction, with downregulation of ATP production. Bypassing the glycolysis by treatment of pyruvate, which is final metabolite of glycolysis pathway, improved both the synaptsomal ATP production and the exocytotic function. We also found that upregulation of AMPAR and L-type voltage dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) subunits in disease neurons, with the restoration of AMPAR-mediated Ca2+ over-load by treatment of antagonists for the AMPAR and L-type VDCC. Our present study provides new insights into both the neuronal pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategy for sialidosis.
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Khan A, Das S, Sergi C. Therapeutic Potential of Neu1 in Alzheimer's Disease Via the Immune System. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2021; 36:1533317521996147. [PMID: 33719595 PMCID: PMC10624071 DOI: 10.1177/1533317521996147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of soluble oligomers causing extracellular beta-amyloid deposits in form of neuritic plaques and tau-containing intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in brain. One proposed mechanism explaining the formation of these proteins is impaired phagocytosis by microglia/macrophages resulting in defective clearance of soluble oligomers of beta-amyloid stimulating aggregation of amyloid plaques subsequently causing AD. However, research indicates that activating macrophages in M2 state may reduce toxic oligomers. NEU1 mutation is associated with a rare disease, sialidosis. NEU1 deficiency may also cause AD-like amyloidogenic process. Amyloid plaques have successfully been reduced using NEU1.Thus, NEU1 is suggested to have therapeutic potential for AD, with lysosomal exocytosis being suggested as underlying mechanism. Studies however demonstrate that NEU1 may activate macrophages in M2 state, which as noted earlier, is crucial to reducing toxic oligomers. In this review, authors discuss the potential therapeutic role of NEU1 in AD via immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sumit Das
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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28
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Honda A, Chigwechokha PK, Takase R, Hayasaka O, Fujimura K, Kotani T, Komatsu M, Shiozaki K. Novel Nile tilapia Neu1 sialidases: Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of the sialidases Neu1a and Neu1b. Gene 2020; 742:144538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) from sialidosis types I and II patients with pathogenic neuraminidase 1 mutations. Stem Cell Res 2020; 46:101836. [PMID: 32485644 PMCID: PMC7446138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, belonging to the glycoproteinoses. The disease is caused by deficiency of the sialic acid-cleaving enzyme, sialidase 1 or neuraminidase 1 (NEU1). Patients with sialidosis are classified based on the age of onset and severity of the clinical symptoms into type I (normomorphic) and type II (dysmorphic). Patient-derived skin fibroblasts from both disease types were reprogrammed using the CytoTune™-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit. iPSCs were characterized for pluripotency, three germ-layer differentiation, normal karyotype and absence of viral components. These cell lines represent a valuable resource to model sialidosis and to screen for therapeutics.
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Mechanism of Secondary Ganglioside and Lipid Accumulation in Lysosomal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072566. [PMID: 32272755 PMCID: PMC7178057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosidoses are caused by monogenic defects of a specific hydrolase or an ancillary sphingolipid activator protein essential for a specific step in the catabolism of gangliosides. Such defects in lysosomal function cause a primary accumulation of multiple undegradable gangliosides and glycosphingolipids. In reality, however, predominantly small gangliosides also accumulate in many lysosomal diseases as secondary storage material without any known defect in their catabolic pathway. In recent reconstitution experiments, we identified primary storage materials like sphingomyelin, cholesterol, lysosphingolipids, and chondroitin sulfate as strong inhibitors of sphingolipid activator proteins (like GM2 activator protein, saposin A and B), essential for the catabolism of many gangliosides and glycosphingolipids, as well as inhibitors of specific catabolic steps in lysosomal ganglioside catabolism and cholesterol turnover. In particular, they trigger a secondary accumulation of ganglioside GM2, glucosylceramide and cholesterol in Niemann–Pick disease type A and B, and of GM2 and glucosylceramide in Niemann–Pick disease type C. Chondroitin sulfate effectively inhibits GM2 catabolism in mucopolysaccharidoses like Hurler, Hunter, Sanfilippo, and Sly syndrome and causes a secondary neuronal ganglioside GM2 accumulation, triggering neurodegeneration. Secondary ganglioside and lipid accumulation is furthermore known in many more lysosomal storage diseases, so far without known molecular basis.
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Van De Vlekkert D, Qiu X, Annunziata I, d'Azzo A. Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Exosomes fromFibroblast Cultures of Skeletal Muscle. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3576. [PMID: 33659546 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are dynamic nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells and are present in all biological fluids. Given their highly heterogeneous content exosomes have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes that they exert by influencing cell-cell and cell-ECM communication. In recent years an increasing number of methods have been established for the purification and characterization of exosomes. These include ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, immune capture and precipitation using a proprietary polymer. Here, we provide a protocol based on differential ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradients tailored for the isolation of crude and ultra-pure exosomes from primary fibroblast cultures derived from adult mouse skeletal muscle. This protocol can be adapted and modified for the isolation and characterization of exosomes from a variety of tissues and bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohiu Qiu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Abstract
The progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PMEs) represent a rare but devastating group of syndromes characterized by epileptic myoclonus, typically action-induced seizures, neurological regression, medically refractory epilepsy, and a variety of other signs and symptoms depending on the specific syndrome. Most of the PMEs begin in children who are developing as expected, with the onset of the disorder heralded by myoclonic and other seizure types. The conditions are considerably heterogenous, but medical intractability to epilepsy, particularly myoclonic seizures, is a core feature. With the increasing use of molecular genetic techniques, mutations and their abnormal protein products are being delineated, providing a basis for disease-based therapy. However, genetic and enzyme replacement or substrate removal are in the nascent stage, and the primary therapy is through antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy in children with progressive myoclonic seizures is notoriously difficult to treat. The disorder is rare, so few double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted in PME, and drugs are chosen based on small open-label trials or extrapolation of data from drug trials of other syndromes with myoclonic seizures. This review discusses the major PME syndromes and their neurogenetic basis, pathophysiological underpinning, electroencephalographic features, and currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Holmes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Stafford Hall, 118C, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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33
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Mosca R, van de Vlekkert D, Campos Y, Fremuth LE, Cadaoas J, Koppaka V, Kakkis E, Tifft C, Toro C, Allievi S, Gellera C, Canafoglia L, Visser G, Annunziata I, d’Azzo A. Conventional and Unconventional Therapeutic Strategies for Sialidosis Type I. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030695. [PMID: 32143456 PMCID: PMC7141319 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) causes the lysosomal storage disease, sialidosis, characterized by impaired processing/degradation of sialo-glycoproteins and sialo-oligosaccharides, and accumulation of sialylated metabolites in tissues and body fluids. Sialidosis is considered an ultra-rare clinical condition and falls into the category of the so-called orphan diseases, for which no therapy is currently available. In this study we aimed to identify potential therapeutic modalities, targeting primarily patients affected by type I sialidosis, the attenuated form of the disease. We tested the beneficial effects of a recombinant protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA), the natural chaperone of NEU1, as well as pharmacological and dietary compounds on the residual activity of mutant NEU1 in a cohort of patients’ primary fibroblasts. We observed a small, but consistent increase in NEU1 activity, following administration of all therapeutic agents in most of the fibroblasts tested. Interestingly, dietary supplementation of betaine, a natural amino acid derivative, in mouse models with residual NEU1 activity mimicking type I sialidosis, increased the levels of mutant NEU1 and resolved the oligosacchariduria. Overall these findings suggest that carefully balanced, unconventional dietary compounds in combination with conventional therapeutic approaches may prove to be beneficial for the treatment of sialidosis type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Mosca
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Diantha van de Vlekkert
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Leigh E. Fremuth
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jaclyn Cadaoas
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA; (J.C.); (V.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Vish Koppaka
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA; (J.C.); (V.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Emil Kakkis
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Novato, CA 94949, USA; (J.C.); (V.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Cynthia Tifft
- Office of the Clinical Director & Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NHGRI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Disease Network, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Simona Allievi
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.A.); (C.G.)
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.A.); (C.G.)
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gepke Visser
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (R.M.); (D.v.d.V.); (Y.C.); (L.E.F.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-901-595-2698
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Caciotti A, Melani F, Tonin R, Cellai L, Catarzi S, Procopio E, Chilleri C, Mavridou I, Michelakakis H, Fioravanti A, d'Azzo A, Guerrini R, Morrone A. Type I sialidosis, a normosomatic lysosomal disease, in the differential diagnosis of late-onset ataxia and myoclonus: An overview. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:47-58. [PMID: 31711734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are rare to extremely rare monogenic disorders. Their incidence, however, has probably been underestimated owing to their complex clinical manifestations. Sialidosis is a prototypical LSD inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and caused by mutations in the NEU1 gene that result in a deficiency of alpha-N-acetyl neuraminidase 1 (NEU1). Two basic forms of this disease, type I and type II, are known. The dysmorphic type II form features LSD symptoms including congenital hydrops, dysmorphogenetic traits, hepato-splenomegaly and severe intellectual disability. The diagnosis is more challenging in the normosomatic type I forms, whose clinical findings at onset include ocular defects, ataxia and generalized myoclonus. Here we report the clinical, biochemical and molecular analysis of five patients with sialidosis type I. Two patients presented novel NEU1 mutations. One of these patients was compound heterozygous for two novel NEU1 missense mutations: c.530A>T (p.Asp177Val) and c.1010A>G (p.His337Arg), whereas a second patient was compound heterozygous for a known mutation and a novel c.839G>A (p.Arg280Gln) mutation. We discuss the impact of these new mutations on the structural properties of NEU1. We also review available clinical reports of patients with sialidosis type I, with the aim of identifying the most frequent initial clinical manifestations and achieving more focused diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caciotti
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Melani
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Tonin
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Cellai
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Catarzi
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Procopio
- Metabolic and Muscular Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Chilleri
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Mavridou
- Division of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Michelakakis
- Division of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural Biology, Research Center-VIB (Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology), University of Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Dep. of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Paediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Ohnota H, Nakazawa H, Hayashi M, Okuhara Y, Honda T, d'Azzo A, Sekijima Y. Skeletal muscle cells derived from mouse skin cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:398-403. [PMID: 31926596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have established a novel, simple, and highly reproducible method to generate skeletal muscle cells from mouse skin. Small pieces of skin from the back of mice were cultured in extracellular material-coated dishes in typical culture medium for about 3 weeks. Myotubes formed after about a week, grew into twitching myotubes, and became twitching myotube clumps after 3 weeks. Skeletal muscle cells are formed spontaneously with no induction. Myotubes were immunologically positive for myosin heavy chains, MyoD, and myogenin. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the presence of the sarcomere structure. Furthermore, PAX7+/MyoD- muscle stem cells proliferated around these myotubes, and MyoD+/myogenin+/MHC-- cells were also observed. Moreover, we investigated the formation of skeletal muscle cells from the sialidosis mouse skin, and showed that it is decreased compared to that of the wild type. Our method to generate skeletal muscle cells from skin is thought to be useful for the investigation of muscle cell development and muscle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ohnota
- Department of Drug Discovery Science, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan; Research Division, R&D, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 4365-1 Kashiwabara, Hotaka, Azumino, Nagano, 399-8304, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Nakazawa
- Department of Drug Discovery Science, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Morimichi Hayashi
- Safety Research Laboratory, R&D, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2320-1 Maki, Hotaka, Azumino, Nagano, 399-8304, Japan
| | - Yuji Okuhara
- Safety Research Laboratory, R&D, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 2320-1 Maki, Hotaka, Azumino, Nagano, 399-8304, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Department of Drug Discovery Science, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Ahn JH, Kim AR, Lee C, Kim NKD, Kim NS, Park WY, Kim M, Youn J, Cho JW, Kim JS. Type 1 Sialidosis Patient With a Novel Deletion Mutation in the NEU1 Gene: Case Report and Literature Review. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:659-664. [PMID: 30635863 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-1005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have uncovered the genetic backgrounds of various diseases. Type 1 sialidosis (OMIM#256550) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a mutation in the NEU1 (OMIM * 608272) gene. In this study, we aimed to review the previous reports of type 1 sialidosis and compare those with the first case of type 1 sialidosis in Korea. A 36-year-old woman presented with progressive ataxia, myoclonus, and seizure since the age of 12. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic missense variant c.928G > A (p.D310N) and novel c.15_16del (p.P6Qfs*21) of the NEU1 gene as final causal candidate as compound heterozygotes. We reviewed the literature and selected the clinical reports of genetically confirmed type 1 sialidosis patients. A total of 45 patients in 17 reports were identified. Cherry-red spot, myoclonus, ataxia, and seizure were reported in 51.2%, 100.0%, 87.8%, and 73.7% of patients, respectively. Abnormalities of cognitive function, EEG, and brain MRI and visual symptoms were reported in 22.2%, 40.7%, 66.7%, and 70.2% of patients, respectively. Overall, our patient showed similar clinical features to previous type 1 sialidosis patients, but she did not complain of visual symptoms despite having cherry-red spots. We summarize the clinical features of type 1 sialidosis and report the first case of type 1 sialidosis with novel deletion variant in the NEU1 gene in the Korean population. Our study suggests the importance of ophthalmologic examinations in patients with myoclonus, ataxia, and seizure who do not complain of visual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Genome Institute, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Genome Institute, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung K D Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Genome Institute, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Genome Institute, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Youn
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Whan Cho
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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The best evidence for progressive myoclonic epilepsy: A pathway to precision therapy. Seizure 2019; 71:247-257. [PMID: 31476531 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsies (PMEs) are a group of uncommon clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by myoclonus, generalized epilepsy, and neurological deterioration, including dementia and ataxia. PMEs may have infancy, childhood, juvenile or adult onset, but usually present in late childhood or adolescence, at variance from epileptic encephalopathies, which start with polymorphic seizures in early infancy. Neurophysiologic recordings are suited to describe faithfully the time course of the shock-like muscle contractions which characterize myoclonus. A combination of positive and negative myoclonus is typical of PMEs. The gene defects for most PMEs (Unverricht-Lundborg disease, Lafora disease, several forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers [MERRF], and type 1 and 2 sialidoses) have been identified. PMEs are uncommon disorders, difficult to diagnose in the absence of extensive experience. Thus, aetiology is undetermined in many patients, despite the advance in molecular medicine. Treatment of PMEs remains essentially symptomaticof seizures and myoclonus, together with palliative, supportive, and rehabilitative measures. The response to therapy may initially be relatively favourable, afterwards however, seizures may become more frequent, and progressive neurologic decline occurs. The prognosis of a PME depends on the specific disease. The history of PMEs revealed that the international collaboration and sharing experience is the right way to proceed. This emerging picture and biological insights will allow us to find ways to provide the patients with meaningful treatment.
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Annunziata I, van de Vlekkert D, Wolf E, Finkelstein D, Neale G, Machado E, Mosca R, Campos Y, Tillman H, Roussel MF, Andrew Weesner J, Ellen Fremuth L, Qiu X, Han MJ, Grosveld GC, d'Azzo A. MYC competes with MiT/TFE in regulating lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy through an epigenetic rheostat. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3623. [PMID: 31399583 PMCID: PMC6689058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of the lysosomal and autophagic systems ensures basal catabolism and normal cell physiology, and failure of either system causes disease. Here we describe an epigenetic rheostat orchestrated by c-MYC and histone deacetylases that inhibits lysosomal and autophagic biogenesis by concomitantly repressing the expression of the transcription factors MiT/TFE and FOXH1, and that of lysosomal and autophagy genes. Inhibition of histone deacetylases abates c-MYC binding to the promoters of lysosomal and autophagy genes, granting promoter occupancy to the MiT/TFE members, TFEB and TFE3, and/or the autophagy regulator FOXH1. In pluripotent stem cells and cancer, suppression of lysosomal and autophagic function is directly downstream of c-MYC overexpression and may represent a hallmark of malignant transformation. We propose that, by determining the fate of these catabolic systems, this hierarchical switch regulates the adaptive response of cells to pathological and physiological cues that could be exploited therapeutically. Genes related to lysosomal and autophagic systems are transcriptionally regulated by the Mit/TFE family of transcription factors. Here the authors show that MYC, in association with HDACs, suppresses the expression of lysosomal and autophagy genes by competing with the Mit/TFE transcription factors for occupancy of their target gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | | | - Elmar Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Eda Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Rosario Mosca
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jason Andrew Weesner
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Leigh Ellen Fremuth
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Min-Joon Han
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Gerard C Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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Aravindhan A, Veerapandiyan A, Earley C, Thulasi V, Kresge C, Kornitzer J. Child Neurology: Type 1 sialidosis due to a novel mutation in NEU1 gene. Neurology 2019; 90:622-624. [PMID: 29581327 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akilandeswari Aravindhan
- From the Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.A., C.E., V.T., J.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Department of Neurology (A.V.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Aravindhan Veerapandiyan
- From the Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.A., C.E., V.T., J.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Department of Neurology (A.V.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Chelsea Earley
- From the Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.A., C.E., V.T., J.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Department of Neurology (A.V.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Venkatraman Thulasi
- From the Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.A., C.E., V.T., J.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Department of Neurology (A.V.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Christina Kresge
- From the Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.A., C.E., V.T., J.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Department of Neurology (A.V.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Jeffrey Kornitzer
- From the Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.A., C.E., V.T., J.K.), and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K.), Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark; and Department of Neurology (A.V.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY.
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40
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Bender HU, Borggraefe I, Coppenrath E, Maier EM. Multiple foraminal compression in a child with sialidosis type 2. Neurology 2019; 93:168-169. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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41
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van de Vlekkert D, Demmers J, Nguyen XX, Campos Y, Machado E, Annunziata I, Hu H, Gomero E, Qiu X, Bongiovanni A, Feghali-Bostwick CA, d’Azzo A. Excessive exosome release is the pathogenic pathway linking a lysosomal deficiency to generalized fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav3270. [PMID: 31328155 PMCID: PMC6636989 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal exocytosis is a ubiquitous process negatively regulated by neuraminidase 1 (NEU1), a sialidase mutated in the glycoprotein storage disease sialidosis. In Neu1-/- mice, excessive lysosomal exocytosis is at the basis of disease pathogenesis. Yet, the tissue-specific molecular consequences of this deregulated pathway are still unfolding. We now report that in muscle connective tissue, Neu1-/- fibroblasts have features of myofibroblasts and are proliferative, migratory, and exocytose large amounts of exosomes. These nanocarriers loaded with activated transforming growth factor-β and wingless-related integration site (WNT)/β-catenin signaling molecules propagate fibrotic signals to other cells, maintaining the tissue in a prolonged transitional status. Myofibroblast-derived exosomes fed to normal fibroblasts convert them into myofibroblasts, changing the recipient cells' proliferative and migratory properties. These findings reveal an unexpected exosome-mediated signaling pathway downstream of NEU1 deficiency that propagates a fibrotic disease and could be implicated in idiopathic forms of fibrosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diantha van de Vlekkert
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xinh-Xinh Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Eda Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elida Gomero
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carol A. Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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42
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Paget TL, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Orgeig S. Interstitial lung disease and surfactant dysfunction as a secondary manifestation of disease: insights from lysosomal storage disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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44
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Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of over 70 diseases that are characterized by lysosomal dysfunction, most of which are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. These disorders are individually rare but collectively affect 1 in 5,000 live births. LSDs typically present in infancy and childhood, although adult-onset forms also occur. Most LSDs have a progressive neurodegenerative clinical course, although symptoms in other organ systems are frequent. LSD-associated genes encode different lysosomal proteins, including lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal membrane proteins. The lysosome is the key cellular hub for macromolecule catabolism, recycling and signalling, and defects that impair any of these functions cause the accumulation of undigested or partially digested macromolecules in lysosomes (that is, 'storage') or impair the transport of molecules, which can result in cellular damage. Consequently, the cellular pathogenesis of these diseases is complex and is currently incompletely understood. Several LSDs can be treated with approved, disease-specific therapies that are mostly based on enzyme replacement. However, small-molecule therapies, including substrate reduction and chaperone therapies, have also been developed and are approved for some LSDs, whereas gene therapy and genome editing are at advanced preclinical stages and, for a few disorders, have already progressed to the clinic.
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45
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Bhat S, Ganesh S. New discoveries in progressive myoclonus epilepsies: a clinical outlook. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:649-667. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1503949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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46
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Emerging concepts of ganglioside metabolism. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3835-3864. [PMID: 29802621 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and major membrane components enriched on cellular surfaces. Biosynthesis of mammalian GGs starts at the cytosolic leaflet of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes with the formation of their hydrophobic ceramide anchors. After intracellular ceramide transfer to Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes, anabolism of GGs, as well as of other GSLs, is catalyzed by membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) along the secretory pathway. Combined activity of only a few promiscuous GTs allows for the formation of cell-type-specific glycolipid patterns. Following an exocytotic vesicle flow to the cellular plasma membranes, GGs can be modified by metabolic reactions at or near the cellular surface. For degradation, GGs are endocytosed to reach late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas membrane-spanning enzymes of the secretory pathway catalyze GSL and GG formation, a cooperation of soluble glycosidases, lipases and lipid-binding cofactors, namely the sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), act as the main players of GG and GSL catabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles (ILVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (G131), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Lysosomal Storage Diseases That Manifest a Cardiac Phenotype. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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48
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Khan A, Sergi C. Sialidosis: A Review of Morphology and Molecular Biology of a Rare Pediatric Disorder. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8020029. [PMID: 29693572 PMCID: PMC6023449 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis (MIM 256550) is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disorder, caused by α-N-acetyl neuraminidase deficiency resulting from a mutation in the neuraminidase gene (NEU1), located on 6p21.33. This genetic alteration leads to abnormal intracellular accumulation as well as urinary excretion of sialyloligosaccharides. A definitive diagnosis is made after the identification of a mutation in the NEU1 gene. So far, 40 mutations of NEU1 have been reported. An association exists between the impact of the individual mutations and the severity of clinical presentation of sialidosis. According to the clinical symptoms, sialidosis has been divided into two subtypes with different ages of onset and severity, including sialidosis type I (normomorphic or mild form) and sialidosis type II (dysmorphic or severe form). Sialidosis II is further subdivided into (i) congenital; (ii) infantile; and (iii) juvenile. Despite being uncommon, sialidosis has enormous clinical relevance due to its debilitating character. A complete understanding of the underlying pathology remains a challenge, which in turn limits the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, in the last few years, some atypical cases of sialidosis have been reported as well. We herein attempt to combine and discuss the underlying molecular biology, the clinical features, and the morphological patterns of sialidosis type I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4.09), University of Alberta, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4.09), University of Alberta, 8440 112 St NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
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49
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Hu SC, Hung KL, Chen HJ, Lee WT. Seizure remission and improvement of neurological function in sialidosis with perampanel therapy. EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR CASE REPORTS 2018; 10:32-34. [PMID: 29977792 PMCID: PMC6030028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 15-year-old boy experienced myoclonic seizures for 3 years. He initially had occasional myoclonus, gradually progressive ataxia, tremors, and psychomotor and speech regression developed. Eventually, he exhibited nearly continuous myoclonus. He received treatment of sodium valproate, levetiracetam, clobazam, and phenobarbital, without efficacy. A ketogenic diet also proved ineffective. Adjunctive therapy with 4 mg/day of perampanel was started and was gradually titrated to 10 mg/day. The remission of myoclonic seizures was achieved within one month. The patient's neurological and cognitive functions improved to a certain degree during the following 20 months. Sialidosis was confirmed by the mutations of NEU1 gene. A case of sialidosis I with compound mutations of c.544A > G and c.619C > T in NEU1 gene presented with drug-resistant seizures. Seizures associated with sialidosis eventually resolved on adjunctive perampanel therapy titrated to 10 mg/day. Our patient with sialidosis was drug-resistant to anti-seizure medication before responding to perampanel. Perampanel might be a potentially effective treatment for sialidosis in patients with Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ching Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Long Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mackay Children's Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
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50
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Cocchiaro P, De Pasquale V, Della Morte R, Tafuri S, Avallone L, Pizard A, Moles A, Pavone LM. The Multifaceted Role of the Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:114. [PMID: 29312937 PMCID: PMC5742100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is worldwide the 12th leading cause of death affecting 8–16% of the entire population. Kidney disease encompasses acute (short-lasting episode) and chronic (developing over years) pathologies both leading to renal failure. Since specific treatments for acute or chronic kidney disease are limited, more than 2 million people a year require dialysis or kidney transplantation. Several recent evidences identified lysosomal proteases cathepsins as key players in kidney pathophysiology. Cathepsins, originally found in the lysosomes, exert important functions also in the cytosol and nucleus of cells as well as in the extracellular space, thus participating in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Based on their catalytic active site residue, the 15 human cathepsins identified up to now are classified in three different families: serine (cathepsins A and G), aspartate (cathepsins D and E), or cysteine (cathepsins B, C, F, H, K, L, O, S, V, X, and W) proteases. Specifically in the kidney, cathepsins B, D, L and S have been shown to regulate extracellular matrix homeostasis, autophagy, apoptosis, glomerular permeability, endothelial function, and inflammation. Dysregulation of their expression/activity has been associated to the onset and progression of kidney disease. This review summarizes most of the recent findings that highlight the critical role of cathepsins in kidney disease development and progression. A better understanding of the signaling pathways governed by cathepsins in kidney physiopathology may yield novel selective biomarkers or therapeutic targets for developing specific treatments against kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cocchiaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, "Défaillance Cardiaque Aigüe et Chronique", Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Center for Clinical Investigation 1433, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Della Morte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Pizard
- Faculty of Medicine, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, "Défaillance Cardiaque Aigüe et Chronique", Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Center for Clinical Investigation 1433, Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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