1
|
Lak M, Bagheri R, Ghobadi H, Campbell B, Wong A, Shahrbaf A, Shariatzadeh M, Dutheil F. Timing matters? The effects of two different timing of high protein diets on body composition, muscular performance, and biochemical markers in resistance-trained males. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1397090. [PMID: 38846541 PMCID: PMC11156191 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1397090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether resistance training in combination with different timing of protein intake might have differential effects on muscle hypertrophy, strength, and performance. Therefore, we compared the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training combined with two different high-protein diet strategies (immediately pre-and after, or 3 h pre and after exercise) in resistance-trained males. Methods Forty resistance-trained males (24 ± 4 years) performed 8 weeks of resistance training combined with 2 g kg-1 d-1 protein. Body composition, muscular performance, and biochemical markers were assessed pre and post-intervention. Results Nine participants (four from 3 h group and five from the immediate group) withdrew from the study. Therefore, 31 participants completed the study. All measures of skeletal muscle mass, Australian pull-up, and muscle strength, significantly increased post-intervention in both groups (p < 0.05). The biochemical marker urea also significantly increased from pre to post in both groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant between-group differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion High-protein diet enhances muscular performance and skeletal muscle mass in resistance-trained males, irrespective of intake time. Consequently, the total daily protein intake appears to be the primary factor in facilitating muscle growth induced by exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghobadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bill Campbell
- Performance and Physique Enhancement Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Amin Shahrbaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fred Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rocha JNDS, Pereira-Monteiro MR, Vasconcelos ABS, Pantoja-Cardoso A, Aragão-Santos JC, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Different resistance training volumes on strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105303. [PMID: 38128241 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging causes several changes in the body, reducing strength and muscle mass, which leads to a decline in function. Resistance training (RT) is used to counteract these changes. However, there is still ongoing debate about the optimal volume of RT in the context of aging. We systematically reviewed articles that assessed the impact of different volumes of RT on muscular strength, functional fitness, and body composition of older people. We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases, using keywords related to the older population and various RT volumes. We performed meta-analyses for each outcome separately using intervention time in weeks for subgroup analyses. We employed random effects models for all meta-analyses and expressed the results as standardized mean differences (Hedges' g). We included 31 studies, encompassing a total of 1.744 participants. The sample size ranged from 18 to 376, with an average size of 56 participants. Participants' ages ranged from 60 to 83 years. On average, HV-RT (High-Volume Resistance Training) induced significant adaptations in muscle strength of the upper limbs (g = 0.36; 95 % CI = 0.11-0.61) and lower limbs (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59), with superiority more pronounced after 12 weeks of training. Regarding functional fitness, there was a tendency favoring HV-RT (g = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.23-0.59). Thus, HV-RT outperforms LV-RT (Low-Volume Resistance Training) in enhancing muscle strength, particularly in longer interventions with independent older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Pantoja-Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Zhang S, Cheng X, Wu D, Chen J, Liang W, Qian S, Zhang J, Jiang F. A meta-analysis on the impact of resistance training on phase angle in middle-aged and older individuals. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105318. [PMID: 38194828 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of resistance training (RT) on phase angle (PhA) in middle-aged and older individuals via meta-analysis, explore effects in subgroups, and identify optimal RT protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched five databases using predefined criteria, assessed literature quality per Cochrane 5.1 Handbook, and used Revman 5.3 for effect size aggregation, bias assessment, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis. RESULTS RT improved PhA in middle-aged and older individuals (d = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.40, P < 0.05). Effective subgroups included Suspension (d = 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.33-0.90, P < 0.05), free-weights and machine (d = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.28-0.45, P < 0.05), equipment training (d = 0.24, 95 % CI: 0.13-0.36, P < 0.05), and moderate-intensity RT (d = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.42, P < 0.05). RT was conducted 2-3 times/week (d = 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.38, P < 0.05) or (d = 0.38, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.47, P < 0.05). PhA improved after 8 weeks (d = 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.23-0.51, P < 0.05), 12 weeks (d = 0.35, 95 % CI: 0.26-0.44, P < 0.05), and ≥ 24 weeks (d = 0.26, 95 % CI: 0.11-0.41, P < 0.05) of RT in aged and older individuals. Low- and high-intensity RT, elastic band training, and weekly exercises did not significantly improve PhA. CONCLUSIONS RT enhances PhA in middle-aged and older adults. For optimal results, we recommend 2-3 weekly sessions of free weights and machine training lasting at least 8 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Siqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuejing Cheng
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Danting Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiongxun Chen
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wenqi Liang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Siyu Qian
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
| | - Fanglin Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghobadi H, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Rashidlamir A, Mohammad Rahimi GR. Anabolic myokine responses and muscular performance following 8 weeks of autoregulated compared to linear resistance exercise in recreationally active males. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00544-z. [PMID: 38472648 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no studies, to our knowledge, have compared the efficacy of autoregulated periodized and linear resistance exercises on anabolic myokines and muscular performance among recreationally active individuals. This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8-week autoregulated periodized resistance exercise (APRE) program with a linear resistance exercise (LRE) program on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), follistatin (FST), myostatin (MST), body composition, muscular strength, and power in recreationally active males. METHODS Thirty males were randomly assigned to either the APRE group (n = 15) or the LRE group (n = 15). Participants completed training three times a week for 8 weeks. The outcome measures included serum IGF-1, FST, MST, muscular strength (isometric knee extension and handgrip), power (vertical jump), lean body mass, and fat mass. RESULTS IGF-1 circulating levels increased over time following APRE (34%) and with no significant change following LRE (~-1%). There were no significant differences over time or between groups for FST or MST. Muscular strength (knee extension [21.5 vs. ~16%] and handgrip [right: 31 vs. 25%; left: 31.7 vs. 28.8%]) and power (~ 33 vs. ~26%) significantly increased to a greater extent following APRE compared to LRE. Interestingly, the results revealed that lean body mass increased over time only after APRE (~ 3%), but not LRE. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that APRE may be more effective than LRE in increasing muscular strength, power, and lean body mass, as well as circulating IGF-1 levels, in recreationally active males. The observed differences may be attributed to the increased training volume associated with APRE. However, further research is needed to directly assess muscle protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ghobadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran.
| | - Amir Rashidlamir
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC. Changes in strength-related outcomes following velocity-monitored resistance training with 10 % and 20 % velocity loss in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 186:112361. [PMID: 38232787 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We compared the effects of velocity-monitored resistance training with an intra-set velocity loss (i.e., the decrement in repetition velocity over the set) of 10 % vs. 20 % on strength-related outcomes in older adults. We randomly assigned eighteen older adults to a velocity loss group of 10 % (n = 10; 78 ± 12 years) or 20 % (n = 8; 73 ± 10 years) to perform a 10-week training program. The primary outcomes were the one-repetition maximum (1RM) and the average mean velocity against absolute loads associated with loads <60 % 1RM (MVlow) and ≥ 60 % 1RM (MVhigh) in the leg and chest press exercises, assessed at pre-, mid- (week 5), and post-test. Secondary outcomes included handgrip strength, 1-kg medicine ball throw distance, 10-m walking time, and five-repetition sit-to-stand time. No differences between groups were found in any outcome at any time (p > 0.05). Both groups improved the 1RM leg press from pre- to mid- and post-test and the MVlow and MVhigh from pre- to mid-test (p < 0.05). No group improved the 1RM chest press (p > 0.05), but both increased the MVlow from pre- to mid-test (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both groups improved the sit-to-stand time, while only the 20 % velocity loss group significantly improved handgrip strength and 10-m walking time (p < 0.05). The results showed that both velocity losses improved leg press strength and velocity, chest press velocity, and sit-to-stand time in older adults, although a 10 % velocity loss was more efficient as it required less volume (i.e., total repetitions) than 20 %. Nevertheless, the latter seems required to optimize handgrip strength and 10-m walking time in older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Luís Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Cardoso Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bagheri R, Karimi Z, Mousavi Z, Ziaee Bashirzad M, Camera DM, Sadeghi R, Dabbagh VR, Kargarfard M, Dutheil F. High-Protein Diets during either Resistance or Concurrent Training Have No Detrimental Effect on Bone Parameters in Resistance-Trained Males. Nutrients 2024; 16:325. [PMID: 38276563 PMCID: PMC10819948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of combining resistance training (RT) and concurrent training (CT; resistance + endurance training) with varied protein doses on bone measures remain poorly understood. Hence, we conducted a comparison of the impacts of two high-protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g kg-1 d-1) over 16 weeks in resistance-trained males, either with CT or RT alone. METHODS A total of forty-eight males, all of whom were resistance-trained, had the following demographics: 26.6 ± 6 years, body mass index: 25.6 ± 2.9 kg m-2 administered either 3.2 g kg-1 d-1 protein (CT2; n = 12; RT2; n = 12) or 1.6 g kg-1 d-1 protein (CT1; n = 12; RT1; n = 12) during 16 weeks (four sessions·w-1). Bone parameters were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS There was no significant interaction between the intervention group and time for the legs, arms, ribs, or pelvis area BMC and BMD (p > 0.05). For the BMD of the pelvis and the BMC of the right ribs, however, there were significant time effects noted (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between the intervention group and time in the lumbar and thoracic spines, with a particular time effect noted for the thoracic spine region (p < 0.05). The regional differences in skeletal responses to the intervention are highlighted by these data. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the intake of two high-protein diets combined with RT and CT during 16 weeks had no adverse effects on bone tissue parameters. While these findings indicate that protein intake between 2 and 3 times the current RDI does not promote bone demineralization when consumed in conjunction with exercise, future studies investigating the long-term effects of chronic high protein intake on bone tissue health are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Zohreh Karimi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Zeynabalsadat Mousavi
- Nutrition and Food Service, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Ziaee Bashirzad
- Department of Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd Branch, Bojnourd 9417697796, Iran;
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Ramin Sadeghi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177949025, Iran; (R.S.); (V.R.D.)
| | - Vahid Reza Dabbagh
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177949025, Iran; (R.S.); (V.R.D.)
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Witty Fit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Isenmann E, Kaluza D, Havers T, Elbeshausen A, Geisler S, Hofmann K, Flenker U, Diel P, Gavanda S. Resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:526. [PMID: 37803287 PMCID: PMC10559623 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training (RT) is effective in counteracting the age- and menopause-related loss of muscle mass (MM) and strength in middle-aged women (40-60 years). Research on RT with free weights is limited in pre- and post-menopausal women. Based on this, a 20-week training intervention was conducted with this population to investigate the effects of systematic RT with free weights on strength capacity and body composition. METHOD Forty-one healthy women (52.0 ± 3.6 years) participated in this study. After 10-week control phase (no RT, T0-T1) followed by a 10-week intervention phase (T1-T2) with RT twice a week and 6-8 sets of each muscle per week. Subjects were randomly assigned to a low-intensity (50% 1-RM) or moderate-intensity (75% 1-RM) RT group and divided into pre-menopausal and post-menopausal according to their hormone profile. Fat-free mass (FFM), MM, fat mass (FM), muscle thickness (Vastus lateralis (VL), Rectus femoris (RF), Triceps brachii (TB)), grip strength, 1-RM squat and bench press were assessed before and after each phase. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed model to account for fixed (time and group) and random (individual) effects. RESULTS A total of 31 women successfully completed the study. No injuries occurred during the intervention. Significant increases in 1-RM squat and bench press were observed in all groups. No interaction effect was observed for the strength parameters. In pre-menopausal women, FFM, MM and RF muscle thickness increased significantly, while VL showed a trend. These effects were not present in post-menopausal women regardless of RT intensity. CONCLUSION RT with free weight is safe and effective for middle-aged women to increase 1-RM. Hypertrophy effects were found exclusively in pre-menopausal women. To achieve hypertrophy and/or body composition changes in post-menopausal women, larger training volumes (> 6-8 sets/muscle per week) are likely required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dominik Kaluza
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Havers
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ana Elbeshausen
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Geisler
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Gavanda
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cavalcante EF, Kassiano W, Ribeiro AS, Costa B, Cyrino LT, Cunha PM, Antunes M, Santos LD, Tomeleri CM, Nabuco HCG, Sugihara-Júnior P, Fernandes RR, Rodrigues RJ, Carneiro MAS, Pina FLC, Dib MM, Teixeira DC, Orsatti FL, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Cyrino ES. Resistance Training for Older Women: Do Adaptive Responses Support the ACSM and NSCA Position Stands? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1651-1659. [PMID: 37005493 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal intensity of resistance training (RT) to improve muscular, physical performance, and metabolic adaptations still needs to be well established for older adults. Based on current position statements, we compared the effects of two different RT loads on muscular strength, functional performance, skeletal muscle mass, hydration status, and metabolic biomarkers in older women. METHODS One hundred one older women were randomly allocated to perform a 12-wk whole-body RT program (eight exercises, three sets, three nonconsecutive days a week) into two groups: 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM) and 10-15RM. Muscular strength (1RM tests), physical performance (motor tests), skeletal muscle mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), hydration status (bioelectrical impedance), and metabolic biomarkers (glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein) were measured at baseline and posttraining. RESULTS Regarding muscular strength, 8-12RM promoted higher 1RM increases in chest press (+23.2% vs +10.7%, P < 0.01) and preacher curl (+15.7% vs +7.4%, P < 0.01), but not in leg extension (+14.9% vs +12.3%, P > 0.05). Both groups improved functional performance ( P < 0.05) in gait speed (4.6%-5.6%), 30 s chair stand (4.6%-5.9%), and 6 min walking (6.7%-7.0%) tests, with no between-group differences ( P > 0.05). The 10-15RM group elicited superior improves in the hydration status (total body water, intracellular and extracellular water; P < 0.01), and higher gains of skeletal muscle mass (2.5% vs 6.3%, P < 0.01), upper (3.9% vs 9.0%, P < 0.01) and lower limbs lean soft tissue (2.1% vs 5.4%, P < 0.01). Both groups improved their metabolic profile. However, 10-15RM elicited greater glucose reductions (-0.2% vs -4.9%, P < 0.05) and greater HDL-c increases (-0.2% vs +4.7%, P < 0.01), with no between-group differences for the other metabolic biomarkers ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 8-2RM seems more effective than 10-15RM for increasing upper limbs' muscular strength, whereas the adaptative responses for lower limbs and functional performance appear similar in older women. In contrast, 10-15RM seems more effective for skeletal muscle mass gains, and increased intracellular hydration and improvements in metabolic profile may accompany this adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edilaine F Cavalcante
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | | | | | - Leandro Dos Santos
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Paulo Sugihara-Júnior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | | | - Marcelo A S Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Fábio L C Pina
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Márcia M Dib
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Fábio L Orsatti
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BRAZIL
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bagheri R, Shakibaee A, Camera DM, Sobhani V, Ghobadi H, Nazar E, Fakhari H, Dutheil F. Effects of 8 weeks of resistance training in combination with a high protein diet on body composition, muscular performance, and markers of liver and kidney function in untrained older ex-military men. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205310. [PMID: 37457969 PMCID: PMC10342203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of a high protein diet in combination with chronic resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle adaptation responses in untrained older ex-military men is unknown. Therefore, we compared the effects of 8 weeks of RT in combination with either a high (1.6 g/kg/d) or low protein diet (0.8 g/kg/d) on body composition [skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat percentage (BFP)], muscular strength, power, and endurance (upper and lower body), markers of liver [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] and kidney (creatinine and urea) function, and lipid profile low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and cholesterol levels in a cohort of healthy, untrained older ex-military males. Methods Forty healthy untrained older ex-military males (age: 61 ± 2 yr, body mass index: 23.2 ± 1.3 kg.m-2) performed 8 weeks (three sessions·w-1) of RT with either 1.6 g/kg/d (RHP; n = 20) or 0.8 g/kg/d of protein (RLP; n = 20). Body composition (assessed by Inbody 720), muscular strength (1-RM for chest and leg press), power (Wingate test), endurance (75% 1-RM for chest and leg press), and markers of liver and kidney function (biochemical kits) were assessed pre and post-intervention. Results SMM and muscular strength (upper and lower body) increased post-intervention in both groups and were significantly greater in RHP compared to RLP, while muscular power increased to the same extent in both groups (p < 0.05) with no between-group differences (p > 0.05). In contrast, there were no post-intervention changes in muscular endurance, HDL, and BFP remained in either group (p > 0.05). ALT and creatinine significantly increased in RHP compared to RLP while GGT, AST, and urea only increased in the RLP group (p < 0.05). LDL and cholesterol significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion A daily intake of 1.6 g/kg/d protein was superior to 0.8 g/kg/d (current recommended daily intake) for promoting greater improvements in SMM and muscle strength and thus may be a more suitable level of intake for promoting such adaptive responses. Notwithstanding observed between-group differences in ALT and creatinine and the fact that levels remained within normal ranges, it is feasible to conclude that this daily protein intake is efficacious and well tolerated by healthy, untrained older ex-military males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghobadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Eisa Nazar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hadi Fakhari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fred Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hortobágyi T, Vetrovsky T, Brach JS, van Haren M, Volesky K, Radaelli R, Lopez P, Granacher U. Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Quality in Older Individuals: A Systematic Scoping Review with Meta-Analyses. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:41. [PMID: 37278947 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle are important determinants of daily function and metabolic health. Various forms of physical exercise can improve muscle function, but this effect can be inconsistent and has not been systematically examined across the health-neurological disease continuum. The purpose of this systematic scoping review with meta-analyses was to determine the effects and potential moderators of exercise training on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MMQ, NMQ) in healthy older individuals. In addition and in the form of a scoping review, we examined the effects of exercise training on NMQ and MMQ in individuals with neurological conditions. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included that examined the effects of exercise training on muscle quality (MQ) in older individuals with and without neurological conditions. Risk of bias and study quality were assessed (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0). We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested moderators using the approximate Hotelling-Zhang test. RESULTS Thirty studies (n = 1494, 34% females) in healthy older individuals and no studies in individuals with neurological conditions were eligible for inclusion. Exercise training had small effects on MMQ (g = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.40, p = 0.029). Heterogeneity was low (median I2 = 16%). Training and demographic variables did not moderate the effects of exercise on MMQ. There was no association between changes in MMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training improved NMQ (g = 0.68, 95% CI 0.35-1.01, p < 0.000) across all studies, in particular in higher-functioning older individuals (g = 0.72, 95% CI 0.38-1.06, p < 0.001), in lower extremity muscles (g = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35-1.13, p = 0.001), and after resistance training (g = 0.91; 95% CI 0.42-1.41, p = 0.001). Heterogeneity was very high (median I2 = 79%). Of the training and demographic variables, only resistance training moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ. High- versus low-intensity exercise moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ, but these effects were considered unreliable due to a low number of studies at high intensity. There was no association between changes in NMQ and changes in functional outcomes. CONCLUSION Exercise training has small effects on MMQ and medium-large effects on NMQ in healthy older individuals. There was no association between improvements in MQ and increases in muscle strength, mobility, and balance. Information on dose-response relations following training is currently lacking. There is a critical gap in muscle quality data for older individuals with lower function and neurological conditions after exercise training. Health practitioners should use resistance training to improve muscle function in older individuals. Well-designed studies are needed to examine the relevance of exercise training-induced changes in MQ in daily function in older individuals, especially to those with lower function and neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Sport Research, Sports University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer S Brach
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martijn van Haren
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Krystof Volesky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Regis Radaelli
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, CIPER, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith MA, Sexton CL, Smith KA, Osburn SC, Godwin JS, Beausejour JP, Ruple BA, Goodlett MD, Edison JL, Fruge AD, Robinson AT, Gladden LB, Young KC, Roberts MD. Molecular predictors of resistance training outcomes in young untrained female adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:491-507. [PMID: 36633866 PMCID: PMC10190845 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00605.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine if the myofibrillar protein synthetic (MyoPS) response to a naïve resistance exercise (RE) bout, or chronic changes in satellite cell number and muscle ribosome content, were associated with hypertrophic outcomes in females or differed in those who classified as higher (HR) or lower (LR) responders to resistance training (RT). Thirty-four untrained college-aged females (23.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2) completed a 10-wk RT protocol (twice weekly). Body composition and leg imaging assessments, a right leg vastus lateralis biopsy, and strength testing occurred before and following the intervention. A composite score, which included changes in whole body lean/soft tissue mass (LSTM), vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), midthigh mCSA, and deadlift strength, was used to delineate upper and lower HR (n = 8) and LR (n = 8) quartiles. In all participants, training significantly (P < 0.05) increased LSTM, VL mCSA, midthigh mCSA, deadlift strength, mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area, satellite cell abundance, and myonuclear number. Increases in LSTM (P < 0.001), VL mCSA (P < 0.001), midthigh mCSA (P < 0.001), and deadlift strength (P = 0.001) were greater in HR vs. LR. The first-bout 24-hour MyoPS response was similar between HR and LR (P = 0.367). While no significant responder × time interaction existed for muscle total RNA concentrations (i.e., ribosome content) (P = 0.888), satellite cell abundance increased in HR (P = 0.026) but not LR (P = 0.628). Pretraining LSTM (P = 0.010), VL mCSA (P = 0.028), and midthigh mCSA (P < 0.001) were also greater in HR vs. LR. Female participants with an enhanced satellite cell response to RT, and more muscle mass before RT, exhibited favorable resistance training adaptations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study continues to delineate muscle biology differences between lower and higher responders to resistance training and is unique in that a female population was interrogated. As has been reported in prior studies, increases in satellite cell numbers are related to positive responses to resistance training. Satellite cell responsivity, rather than changes in muscle ribosome content per milligrams of tissue, may be a more important factor in delineating resistance-training responses in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Smith
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Casey L Sexton
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Kristen A Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael D Goodlett
- Athletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Joseph L Edison
- Athletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Andrew D Fruge
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- College of Nursing, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | | | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lopez P, Taaffe DR, Newton RU, Spry N, Joseph D, Tang C, Buffart LM, Galvão DA. Reporting Attendance and Resistance Exercise Compliance in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:354-364. [PMID: 36374564 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance exercise is a well-established intervention to counteract musculoskeletal and metabolic toxicities from prostate cancer treatment. In this study, we reported resistance exercise attendance and compliance, and examined if these variables can influence changes in outcomes of interest in men with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. METHODS A total of 83 prostate cancer patients (age, 68.2 ± 7.0 yr; body mass index, 27.7 ± 3.8 kg·m -2 ) who had undergone 6 months of resistance-based exercise and had data available on exercise training from logbook records were examined. Attendance outcomes such as missed sessions, interruptions and permanent discontinuation, and metrics such as dosage completed (sessions × number of exercises × sets × repetitions × external load), compliance, tolerance, reductions, and escalations were assessed. Outcomes assessed were body composition, physical function, and muscle strength. RESULTS Median resistance exercise attendance was 80.6%, with a median resistance exercise compliance of 88.5% (interquartile range [IQR], 61.1%-107.1%) per participant. A median of 11 (IQR, 1-26) and 0 (IQR, 0-2) sessions were escalated or reduced, respectively. Significant improvements were observed in whole-body lean mass, 400-m walk, repeated chair rise, leg press, and chest press strength after 6 months of intervention ( P < 0.05) regardless of resistance exercise compliance ( Ptrend = 0.199-0.950). Participants with higher levels of resistance exercise compliance presented greater improvements in trunk fat mass ( Ptrend = 0.026) and appendicular lean mass ( Ptrend = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS A higher resistance exercise compliance led to greater improvements in regional fat and lean mass, whereas physical function and muscle strength improvements were achieved with lower compliance. In addition, patients experienced a high number of dose escalations during the intervention. These findings are important to improve the reproducibility/precision of exercise medicine prescription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nigel Spry
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Marques MC. Manipulating the Resistance Training Volume in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of the Effects on Muscle Strength and Size, Muscle Quality, and Functional Capacity. Sports Med 2023; 53:503-518. [PMID: 36307745 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective manipulation of the acute variables of resistance training is critical to optimizing muscle and functional adaptations in middle-aged and older adults. However, the ideal volume prescription (e.g., number of sets performed per exercise) in middle-aged and older adults remains inconclusive in the literature. OBJECTIVE The effects of single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscle strength and size, muscle quality, and functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults were compared. Moreover, the effects of single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscular and functional gains were also examined, considering the influence of training duration. METHODS Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials comparing single versus multiple sets per exercise on muscle strength, muscle size, muscle quality, or functional capacity in middle-aged and older adults (aged ≥ 50 years) in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases (01/09/2021, updated on 15/05/2022) were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was used. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included (430 participants; 93% women; age 57.9-70.1 years). Multiple sets per exercise produced a greater effect than single sets on lower-limb strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07-0.51; mean difference [MD] = 1.91 kg; 95% CI 0.50-3.33) and muscle quality (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI 0.05-0.75) gains. There were no differences between single versus multiple sets per exercise for upper-limb strength (SMD = 0.13; 95% CI - 0.14 to 0.40; MD = 0.11 kg; 95% CI - 0.52 to 0.75), muscle size (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI - 0.07 to 0.37), and functional capacity (SMD = 0.01; 95% CI - 0.47 to 0.50) gains. In addition, there were no differences between single versus multiple sets on muscle strength and size gains for training durations ≤ 12 weeks or > 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Multiple sets per exercise produced greater lower-limb strength and muscle quality gains than single sets in middle-aged and older adults, although the magnitude of the difference was small. In contrast, single sets per exercise were sufficient to improve upper-limb strength, muscle size, and functional capacity in these populations. Despite these findings, researchers should conduct future high-quality, pre-registered, and blinded randomized controlled trials to strengthen the scientific evidence on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Luís Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Cardoso Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Torres-Costoso A, Pascual-Morena C, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Effects of Resistance Exercise on Neuroprotective Factors in Middle and Late Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2022.1207. [PMID: 37163437 PMCID: PMC10389831 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective factors are involved in brain functioning. Although physical exercise has been shown to have a positive influence on these factors, the effect of resistance exercise on them is not well known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to 1) estimate the efficacy of resistance exercise on major neuroprotective factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in middle and late life and 2) determine whether the effect is dose dependent. A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Scopus, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science up to November 2022. Random effects models were used to estimate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of resistance exercise on peripheral IGF-1, BDNF or VEGF levels in older adults. Thirty randomized clinical trials with 1247 subjects (53.25% women, 45-92 years) were included in the systematic review, and 27 were selected for the meta-analysis. A significant effect of resistance exercise on IGF-1 levels was observed (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.69), being more effective when performing 3 sessions/week (SMD: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.79) but not on BDNF (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.94). The effect on VEGF could not be determined due to the scarcity of studies. Our data support the resistance training recommendation in middle and late life, at a frequency of at least 3 sessions/week, to mitigate the neurological and cognitive consequences associated with aging, mainly through IGF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carlos Pascual-Morena
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Diana P Pozuelo-Carrascosa
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Cuidados (IMCU), Campus de Fábrica de Armas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pearson JR, Moodie N, Stout KW, Hawkins WC, Matuszek M, Graham ZA, Siedlik JA, Vardiman JP, Gallagher PM. Similar Responses in the Akt/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway Following Different Lower-Body Exercise Volumes in Recreationally Active Men. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1034-1041. [PMID: 36727994 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pearson, JR, Moodie, N, Stout, KW, Hawkins, WC, Matuszek, M, Graham, ZA, Siedlik, JA, Vardiman, JP, and Gallagher, PM. Similar responses in the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway after different lower-body exercise volumes in recreationally active men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-This project examined the differences between a single set (SS) compared to multiple sets (MS) of resistance exercise on the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the receptor for IGF-1 (IGF-1R) to better understand the types of resistance training protocols that are most beneficial in stimulating the muscle hypertrophic response. Sixteen healthy men were randomly selected into 2 groups of 8. Subjects in each group received 3 biopsies: (a) before exercise, (b) 15 minutes postexercise, and (c) 180 minutes postexercise. Subjects in the SS group performed 1 set of leg press to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Subjects in the MS group performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions and 1 set to failure at 80% of their predetermined 1RM, with 3 minutes of rest between each set. Our results indicated no group × time interactions in the concentration of Akt signaling proteins. Furthermore, there were no group × time interactions in IGF-1 or IGF-1R expression. However, phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1 levels increased 150% from pre to 180 minutes post (p = 0.005). In addition, there was a significantly greater increase in IGF-1R expression in the SS group compared with the MS group (7.99 ± 10.07 vs. 4.41 ± 6.28; p = 0.026). Collectively, we found that a SS of resistance training evokes a similar acute Akt/PKB pathway response as MS in recreationally active men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Pearson
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Nicole Moodie
- Department of Health, Physics and Applied Sciences, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kevan W Stout
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - William C Hawkins
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport, Southern Indiana University, Evansville, Indiana
| | - Mallory Matuszek
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida
| | - Jacob A Siedlik
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska; and
| | - John P Vardiman
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Philip M Gallagher
- Applied Physiology Laboratory and Osness Human Performance Laboratories, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rocha JNDS, Vasconcelos ABS, Aragão-Santos JC, de Resende–Neto AG, Monteiro MRP, Nogueira AC, Cardoso AP, Corrêa CB, de Moura TR, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. A single-set functional training program increases muscle power, improves functional fitness, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1054424. [PMID: 37035659 PMCID: PMC10075356 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1054424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aging can be associated with reduced muscle power, functional decline, and increased plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. Functional training (FT) can improve muscle power, functional fitness and reduce plasma cytokines. However, the functional training optimal volume required to produce these adaptations must be clarified. Our study analyzed the effects of multiple-set functional training (MSFT) and single-set functional training (SSFT) on postmenopausal women's muscle power, functional fitness, and inflammatory profile. Methods: Forty-three women were randomly allocated into three groups: multiple-set functional training (n = 16, age 64.13 ± 5.17), single-set functional training (n = 14, age 63.79 ± 4.88), and control group (CG, n = 13, age 64.62 ± 5.44). The bench press and squat exercises evaluated upper and lower limb muscle power. The following tests assessed functional fitness: putting on and taking off a T-shirt, gallon-jug shelf-transfer, standing up and walking around the house, five times sit-to-stand, and 400-m walk. Plasma cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL 10) concentrations were measured by flow cytometry. Results: Single-set functional training and multiple-set functional training increased upper and lower limbs muscle power and improved functional fitness, except for the putting on and taking off a T-shirt test. Multiple-set functional training reduced TNF-α and IL-6, while single-set functional training reduced only TNF-α. IL-10 was unaffected by exercise. Discussion: Single-set functional training and multiple-set functional training, therefore, promoted similar muscle power and functional fitness improvements over 24 weeks. Multiple-set functional training was more effective than single-set functional training, reducing both TNF and IL-6, while single-set functional training only decreased TNF-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Neris de Souza Rocha
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Department of Physical Education, Ages University Center, Paripiranga, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos,
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Raphael Pereira Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Pantoja Cardoso
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Corrêa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Swain CTV, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Chong JE, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:2106-2115. [PMID: 36464996 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer via its effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system. A systematic review searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT), Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on insulin/IGF signaling [IGFs, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Fifty-eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria, no observational or Mendelian randomization studies met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses indicated that physical activity interventions (vs. control) reduced fasting insulin, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and fasting glucose. Physical activity increased IGF-1, but there was no clear effect on IGFBP-3 or the ratio of IGF-1:IGFBP-3. Strong evidence was only established for fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to examine the effect of physical activity on C-peptide and HBA1c in women. Reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance following exercise suggest some biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-insulin/IGF signaling-breast cancer pathway. See related article by Drummond et al., p. 2116.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jamie E Chong
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Moore
- Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- IHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schaupp A, Bidlingmaier M, Martini S, Reincke M, Schluessel S, Schmidmaier R, Drey M. Resistance training-induced improvement in physical function is not associated to changes in endocrine somatotropic activity in prefrail older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 103:104792. [PMID: 36037722 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Resistance training improves muscle function in prefrail and frail elderly. The role of the somatotropic axis in this physiologic process remains unclear. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its associated proteins Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and acid labile subunit (ALS) build a circulating ternary complex that mediates growth hormone (GH) effects on peripheral organs and can serve as a measure of endocrine somatotropic activity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the association between resistance training-induced changes in physical performance and basal levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and ALS in prefrail older adults. METHODS 69 prefrail community-dwelling older adults, aged 65 to 94 years, were randomly assigned to a 12-week period of strength or power training or to a control group. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00783159. Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and ALS were measured at rest before and after the intervention. Hormonal differences were examined in relation to changes in physical performance assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). RESULTS While resistance training led to significant improvements in SPPB score it did not induce significant differences in somatotropic hormone concentrations. Pre- and post-intervention changes in IGF-I, IGFBP-3, ALS or IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were not related to the intervention mode, even after adjustment for age, sex, nutritional status, as well as SPPB and hormone concentrations at baseline. CONCLUSION Training-induced improvements in physical performance in prefrail older adults were not associated with significant changes in endocrine somatotropic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schaupp
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, Munich 80336, Germany.
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Sebastian Martini
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Sabine Schluessel
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Michael Drey
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, Munich 80336, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cunha PM, Werneck AO, Nunes JP, Stubbs B, Schuch FB, Kunevaliki G, Zou L, Cyrino ES. Resistance training reduces depressive and anxiety symptoms in older women: a pilot study. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1136-1142. [PMID: 34003711 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1922603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) on depressive and anxiety symptomsand examine the possible consequences of age, cognitive alterations, and muscular strength on such symptoms.Method: Forty-one older women (68 ± 8 years) composed a training group (TG) or a control group (CG). The TG was submitted to a supervised, progressive RT program over 12 weeks, involving eight whole-body exercises performed with three sets of 8-12 repetitions, three days per week, whereas CG remains with no intervention for the same period. Muscular strength (one-repetition maximum tests), cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment - MoCA; Verbal Fluency Tests), depression (15-item eriatric Depression Scale - GDS-15), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI) were assessed before and after the intervention period. RESULTS There were observed significant (P < 0.001) RT-induced improvements on total muscular strength (TG: pre = 122.4 ± 24.1/post = 134.3 ± 36.7; CG: pre = 105.4 ± 15.4/post = 99.2 ± 17.1) and MoCA (TG: pre =21.7 ± 4.5/post = 22.5 ± 4.7; CG: pre = 20.3 ± 3.7/post = 19.3 ± 4.1). Depressive and anxiety symptoms (even when adjusted by chronological age and changes in muscular strength or cognitive function) were reduced with RT according to GDS-15 (TG: pre = 2.26 ± 1.53/post = 1.92 ± 1.68; CG: pre =2.68 ± 1.13/post = 2.25 ± 1.18) and BAI (TG: pre = 4.07 ± 5.68/post = 2.33 ± 3.71; CG: pre = 5.18 ± 7.70/post = 9.81 ± 7.10). The time x group interactions were significant for depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a 12-week RT program reduces depressive and anxiety symptoms, regardless of age, muscular strength, and cognition function in older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kunevaliki
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise & Mental Health Laboratory. School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of Icelandic yogurt consumption and resistance training in healthy untrained older males. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1334-1342. [PMID: 34121642 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the important roles of resistance training and protein consumption in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, we assessed the efficacy of post-exercise Icelandic yogurt consumption on lean mass, strength and skeletal muscle regulatory factors in healthy untrained older males. Thirty healthy untrained older males (age = 68 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned to Icelandic yogurt (IR; n 15, 18 g of protein) or an iso-energetic placebo (PR; n 15, 0 g protein) immediately following resistance training (3×/week) for 8 weeks. Before and after training, lean mass, strength and skeletal muscle regulatory factors (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Activin A, myostatin (MST) and follistatin (FST)) were assessed. There were group × time interactions (P < 0·05) for body mass (IR: Δ 1, PR: Δ 0·7 kg), BMI (IR: Δ 0·3, PR: Δ 0·2 kg/m2), lean mass (IR: Δ 1·3, PR: Δ 0·6 kg), bench press (IR: Δ 4, PR: 2·3 kg), leg press (IR: Δ 4·2, PR: Δ 2·5 kg), IGF-1 (IR: Δ 0·5, Δ PR: 0·1 ng/ml), TGF-β (IR: Δ - 0·2, PR: Δ - 0·1 ng/ml), GDF15 (IR: Δ - 10·3, PR: Δ - 4·8 pg/ml), Activin A (IR: Δ - 9·8, PR: Δ - 2·9 pg/ml), MST (IR: Δ - 0·1, PR: Δ - 0·04 ng/ml) and FST (IR: Δ 0·09, PR: Δ 0·03 ng/ml), with Icelandic yogurt consumption resulting in greater changes compared with placebo. The addition of Icelandic yogurt consumption to a resistance training programme improved lean mass, strength and altered skeletal muscle regulatory factors in healthy untrained older males compared with placebo. Therefore, Icelandic yogurt as a nutrient-dense source and cost-effective supplement enhances muscular gains mediated by resistance training and consequently may be used as a strategy for the prevention of sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
21
|
Amarante do Nascimento M, Nunes JP, Pina FLC, Ribeiro AS, Carneiro NH, Venturini D, Barbosa DS, Mayhew JL, Cyrino ES. Comparison of 2 Weekly Frequencies of Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Body Composition, and Metabolic Biomarkers in Resistance-Trained Older Women: Effects of Detraining and Retraining. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1437-1444. [PMID: 32868680 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Amarante do Nascimento, M, Nunes, JPA, Pina, FLC, Ribeiro, AS, Carneiro, NH, Venturini, D, Barbosa, DS, Mayhew, JL, and Cyrino, ES. Comparison of 2 weekly frequencies of resistance training on muscular strength, body composition, and metabolic biomarkers in resistance-trained older women: Effects of detraining and retraining. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1437-1444, 2022-This study aimed to compare the effects of 2 weekly frequencies of resistance training (RT) on muscular strength, body composition, and metabolic biomarkers in previously resistance-trained older women after detraining and retraining. Forty subjects (>60 years) performed RT (8 exercises, 1 set of 10-15 repetitions maximum) 2 (G2x) or 3 (G3x) times per week over 12 weeks of training and retraining. After training, subjects were detrained for 12 weeks. After detraining, there were significant decreases (p < 0.05) in upper-body (∼12%) and lower-body (∼14%) muscular strength, fat-free mass (FFM) (∼2%), and testosterone (∼26%), whereas increases were revealed for fat mass (FM) (∼4%), relative body fat (∼3%), fasting glucose (∼8%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (∼21%), and triglycerides (∼24%), with no differences between groups (p > 0.05). Following retraining, there were significant increases (p < 0.05) for upper (∼7%) and lower (∼10%) muscular strength, FFM (∼2%), and testosterone (∼20%). In contrast, decreases were found for FM (∼7%), relative body fat (∼3%), fasting glucose (∼6%), LDL-C (∼14%), and triglycerides (∼21%), also with no differences between groups (p > 0.05). Gains after retraining were lower than after training (p < 0.05) only for upper- and lower-body muscular strength (∼6%) and testosterone (∼11%). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IGF-1, and C-reactive protein did not change at any point in the study for either group (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that older women can regain previous RT program benefits following detraining, regardless of the weekly training frequency. However, some fitness components may take longer to reestablish than the initial training level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Amarante do Nascimento
- Paraná State University-UNESPAR, Paranavaí Campus, Physical Education Department, Paranavaí, Brazil
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio L C Pina
- Center for Research in Health Science, University of Northern Paraná-UNOPAR, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- Center for Research in Health Science, University of Northern Paraná-UNOPAR, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelson H Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil ; and
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil ; and
| | - Jerry L Mayhew
- Exercise Science Department, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cunha PM, Ribeiro AS, Padilha C, Nunes JP, Schoenfeld BJ, Cyrino LT, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MA, Antunes M, Fernandes RR, Barbosa DS, Venturini D, Burini RC, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Improvement of Oxidative Stress in Older Women Is Dependent on Resistance Training Volume: Active Aging Longitudinal Study. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1141-1146. [PMID: 35104066 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cunha, PM, Ribeiro, AS, Padilha, C, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Cyrino, LT, Tomeleri, CM, Nascimento, MA, Antunes, M, Fernandes, RR, Barbosa, DS, Venturini, D, Burini, RC, Sardinha, LB, and Cyrino, ES. Improvement of oxidative stress in older women is dependent on resistance training volume: Active aging longitudinal study. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1141-1146, 2022-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with a higher versus lower training volume on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Thirty-eight older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a group that performed 1 set per exercise (low volume [LV], n = 18) or 3 sets per exercise (high volume [HV], n = 20). The whole-body RT consisted of a 12-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed with sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 days per week. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were used as OS biomarkers. The composite Z-score of the percentage changes from pre- to posttraining of OS biomarkers according to groups was calculated. A significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) was found for AOPP (LV = -7.3% vs. HV = -12.2%) and TRAP (LV = +1.5% vs. HV = +15.5%) concentrations, without a statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). A significant group vs. time interaction (p < 0.001) was revealed for FOX (LV = +6.4% vs. HV = -8.9%). The overall analysis indicated higher positive changes for HV than LV (composed Z-score: HV = 0.41 ± 1.22 vs. LV = -0.37 ± 1.03; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a greater volume of RT seems to promote superior improvements on OS biomarkers in older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Padilha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Exercise Science Department, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, New York, NY
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Fernandes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Venturini
- Clinical Analyses Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Burini
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
- Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center from the Department of Public Health, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil; and
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Association between Sarcopenia and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Myostatin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. J Aging Res 2022; 2022:1327332. [PMID: 35371569 PMCID: PMC8967580 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1327332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is common in hemodialysis patients, especially in the elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. Various factors may contribute to the occurrence of sarcopenia, such as anabolic and catabolic imbalance. This study aims to investigate the correlation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels as an anabolic factor, myostatin levels, and insulin resistance as catabolic factors with sarcopenia in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 40 subjects aged 60 years or more who undergoing hemodialysis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya were included in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to Asian Working Group Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. IGF-1, myostatin, and insulin resistance levels were measured once before hemodialysis. Subjects with sarcopenia diagnosis were 33 (82.5%), that is, 19 (47.5%) men and 14 (35%) women. There were 28 (70%) of the subjects diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the characteristics and geriatric parameters between the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups. There were differences between the two groups in hemoglobin levels, IGF-1 levels, myostatin levels, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels, muscle mass, handgrip strength, body mass index status, mini nutritional assessment status, and physical activity scale for elderly status (all p < 0.05). Correlation analyses showed that IGF-1 levels negatively correlated with sarcopenia status in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis (p < 0.05). On the contrary, myostatin and HOMA-IR levels were positively correlated with sarcopenia status in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis (all p < 0.05). Based on this recent study, IGF-1, myostatin, and insulin resistance were significantly correlated with sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Carlson L, Gschneidner D, Steele J, Fisher JP. Short-term supervised virtual training maintains intensity of effort and represents an efficacious alternative to traditional studio-based, supervised strength training. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
25
|
Thomas E, Gentile A, Lakicevic N, Moro T, Bellafiore M, Paoli A, Drid P, Palma A, Bianco A. The effect of resistance training programs on lean body mass in postmenopausal and elderly women: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2941-2952. [PMID: 33880736 PMCID: PMC8595144 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging and menopause are associated with morphological and functional changes which may lead to loss of muscle mass and therefore quality of life. Resistance training (RT) is an effective training mode to increase muscle mass. We reviewed the existing literature to identify studies implementing RT protocols and evaluating muscle hypertrophy exclusively in healthy, postmenopausal and elderly women. Participants’ age range was comprised between 50 and 80 years. The primary outcome observed was muscle hypertrophy. Fat mass was also evaluated, if available. PubMed and Web of Science were the screened database, and original articles written in English and published from 2000 up to 2020 were included. 26 articles were considered eligible and included. Quality assessment revealed a “moderate quality” of the included studies, however the majority of studies was able to reach level 4 of evidence and on overall grade of recommendation C. In total, data from 745 female participants subjected to different forms of resistance training were considered. Heterogeneity across studies was present regarding study design, intervention length (mean 16 weeks), training frequency (3 d/w), no. of exercises (n = 7.4) and participants’ age (65.8 ± 4.9 years). Small-to-moderate significant increases (k = 43; SMD = 0.44; 95% CI 0.28; 0.60; p < 0.0001) of lean body mass were observed in post-menopausal and elderly women, regardless of age, intervention period, weekly training frequency and no. of exercises. No effects were noted for fat mass (k = 17; SMD = 0.27; 95% CI − 0.02; 0.55; p = 0.07). Studies need to concentrate on providing information regarding training parameters to more effectively counteract the effects of aging and menopause on skeletal muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Gentile
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nemanja Lakicevic
- PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35031, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35031, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Lovćenska 16, 2110, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Exercise effects on muscle quality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21085. [PMID: 34702909 PMCID: PMC8548567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To systematically review and analyse the effects of exercise on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MQ) outcomes in older adults and assess a range of possible moderators that may affect the impact of exercise on MQ outcomes. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomised controlled trials were searched in CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, MedNar, OpenGrey and OpenThesis databases. Eligible trials examined the effects of exercise interventions on morphological and neuromuscular MQ in older adults (≥ 60 years). Twenty-one trials (n = 973 participants) were included. Exercise significantly improved morphological MQ (effect size (ES) = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.51, P < 0.001) with significant results maintained for studies assessing muscle density and intermuscular adipose tissue (ES = 0.45–0.52, P < 0.05). For neuromuscular MQ, exercise provided significant positive effects (ES = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.69, P < 0.001) but only maintained for physically healthy participants (ES = 0.43, P < 0.001), resistance exercise interventions (ES = 0.64, P < 0.001), or studies assessing 1-RM or knee extensor isokinetic muscle strength relative to leg lean mass (ES = 0.48–0.62, P = 0.001). Associations between exercise duration and changes in MQ measures were not observed (P > 0.05). Supervised exercise interventions significantly improved different measures of MQ regardless of exercise duration, although these effects were small-to-moderate and not supported across all population-, exercise-, and methods-related features.
Collapse
|
27
|
Prescription and Effects of Strength Training in Individuals with Intellectual Disability-A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9090125. [PMID: 34564330 PMCID: PMC8470102 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The practice of physical exercise (PE), especially strength training (ST), has health benefits in the healthy population; however, the literature is scarce in the recommendations related to the population with intellectual disability (ID). This study represents the first analysis on the topic and aims to examine the structure and efficacy of ST experimental intervention programs in individuals with ID. This systematic review was carried out between January and April 2021, using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 166 studies, eight were included in the present systematic review. The studies included a total of 280 individuals (18.23 ± 2.86 years old). The main features of the exercise programs are: 12 weeks average duration, three weekly sessions of 45–60 min, six to seven exercises targeting the main muscle groups, two to three sets, 6–12 repetitions, and avoiding free weights for safety reasons. The main results showed increments in strength, balance and fat-free mass and decrements in fat mass and waist circumference. It is a useful guideline for PE technicians to prescribe and adjust correctly in order to not only promote physical fitness, but improve the quality of life of individuals with ID.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ransdell LB, Wayment HA, Lopez N, Lorts C, Schwartz AL, Pugliesi K, Pohl PS, Bycura D, Camplain R. The impact of resistance training on body composition, muscle strength, and functional fitness in older women (45-80 years): A systematic review (2010-2020). WOMEN 2021; 1:143-168. [PMID: 35702064 PMCID: PMC9191851 DOI: 10.3390/women1030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda B Ransdell
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
| | - Heidi A Wayment
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Nanette Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Cori Lorts
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Anna L Schwartz
- School of Nursing, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Karen Pugliesi
- Department of Sociology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Patricia S Pohl
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Dierdra Bycura
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Ricky Camplain
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ghobadi H, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Rashidlamir A, Forbes SC. Auto-regulatory progressive training compared to linear programming on muscular strength, endurance, and body composition in recreationally active males. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1543-1554. [PMID: 34346831 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1963321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared eight weeks of auto-regulatory progressive resistance exercise (APRE) to linear programming resistance exercise (LPRE) on changes in muscular strength and endurance, anaerobic power, and body composition in recreationally active males. Twenty-four recreationally active males (age: 24 ± 3 y; body mass: 78.3 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: APRE (n = 12) and LPRE (n = 12). Both groups performed supervised training 3x/week for eight weeks Upper and lower body muscular strength and endurance, anaerobic power, and body composition were assessed at baseline, week 4, and 48 h after the final training session. Repeated measures ANOVA and hedge's g effect sizes (ES) were used to interpret the data. After training, there was a significant increase in absolute leg press (APRE: ES = 2.23; LPRE: ES = 1.35) and chest press strength (APRE: ES = 2.19; LPRE: ES = 0.98), upper (APRE: ES = 2.50; LPRE: ES = 1.074), and lower body peak power (APRE: ES = 0.78; LPRE: ES = 0.39), and upper (APRE: ES = 2.50; LPRE: ES = 1.60) and lower mean power (APRE: ES = 0.99; LPRE: ES = 0.54) over time in both groups compared to baseline. Following APRE, absolute leg press strength was significantly greater compared to LPRE (p = 0.04; ES = 2.41, ES = 1.36), while absolute chest press strength gains were similar between groups (p = 0.08; ES = 2.21, ES = 0.98). Skeletal muscle mass significantly increased similarly in both groups over time (APRE: ES = 0.46; LPRE: ES = 0.21), while there was no change over time or between groups for body fat %. APRE and LPRE were both effective at improving anaerobic power and skeletal muscle mass; however, APRE was more effective at improving lower body muscular strength in recreationally active males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ghobadi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Rashidlamir
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Antunes M, Kassiano W, Silva AM, Schoenfeld BJ, Ribeiro AS, Costa B, Cunha PM, Júnior PS, Cyrino LT, Teixeira DC, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Volume Reduction: Which Dose is Sufficient to Retain Resistance Training Adaptations in Older Women? Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:68-76. [PMID: 34256389 DOI: 10.1055/a-1502-6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of different resistance training (RT) volume reduction strategies on muscular strength and lean soft-tissue (LST) in older women. Fifty-seven physically independent women (>60 years) performed a 20-week pre-conditioning phase of a standardized whole-body RT program (eight exercises, three sets, 8-12 repetitions, three sessions a week), and were then randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: reduced volume for a single set (RV1, n=20) or two sets (RV2, n=19), or maintained volume of three sets (MV, n=18) for 8 weeks (specific training phase). Muscular strength in the chest press, leg extension, and preacher curl exercises was determined by one-repetition maximum tests. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device was used to estimate LST. An increase in muscular strength (16.3-32.1%) and LST (3.2-7.9%) was observed after the pre-conditioning phase. There was an increase in chest press for all groups (9.4-16.7%) after the specific training phase. In contrast, only MV increased significantly in the leg extension (4.4%). No between-group differences were revealed for LST in the specific training phase. Our results suggest that reduced RT volume from three to one set per exercise for 8 weeks seems sufficient to retain neuromuscular adaptations in older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Exercise Science Program, Lehman College of CUNY Department of Health Sciences, Bronx, United States
| | | | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sugihara Júnior
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Morawin B, Zembroń-Łacny A. Role of endocrine factors and stem cells in skeletal muscle
regeneration. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of reconstructing damaged skeletal muscles involves degeneration, inflammatory
and immune responses, regeneration and reorganization, which are regulated by
a number of immune-endocrine factors affecting muscle cells and satellite cells (SCs). One of
these molecules is testosterone (T), which binds to the androgen receptor (AR) to initiate the
expression of the muscle isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1Ec). The interaction
between T and IGF-1Ec stimulates the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscles by inhibiting
apoptosis, enhancement of SCs proliferation and myoblasts differentiation. As a result
of sarcopenia, muscle dystrophy or wasting diseases, the SCs population is significantly reduced.
Regular physical exercise attenuates a decrease in SCs count, and thus elevates the
regenerative potential of muscles in both young and elderly people. One of the challenges of
modern medicine is the application of SCs and extracellular matrix scaffolds in regenerative
and molecular medicine, especially in the treatment of degenerative diseases and post-traumatic
muscle reconstruction. The aim of the study is to present current information on the
molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle regenera,tion, the role of testosterone
and growth factors in the activation of SCs and the possibility of their therapeutic use in
stimulating the reconstruction of damaged muscle fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Morawin
- Katedra Fizjologii Stosowanej i Klinicznej, Collegium Medicum, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Amiri N, Fathei M, Mosaferi Ziaaldini M. Effects of resistance training on muscle strength, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in healthy elderly subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:247-257. [PMID: 33442864 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings regarding the effects of resistance training (RT) on muscle strength, serum level of IGF-1, and its binding proteins are contradictory. To resolve this contradiction, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of RT on muscle strength, the levels of serum IGF-1, and IGF-binding protein-3 in the elderly and aged. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases and reference lists of included studies were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing subjects who underwent RT and control individuals up to May 15, 2020. This study was performed following the Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We identified and analyzed 11 eligible trials in this meta-analysis. RESULTS Pooled data displayed an overall significant elevation in IGF-1 (mean difference (MD): 17.34 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.23, 27.46) and in muscle strength in leg press (SMD: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.30, 1.34) and bench press (SMD: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.23) following RT. By contrast, the pooled estimate showed a non-significant elevation in IGFBP-3 (MD: 0.13 ng/ml; 95% CI: - 39.39, 39.65). Subgroup analysis revealed that the elevation in serum IGF-1 levels after RT was significant only in women (MD: 19.30 ng/ml); moreover, it increased after intervention durations of both > 12 weeks (MD: 21.98 ng/ml) and of ≤ 12 weeks (MD: 15.31 ng/ml). CONCLUSION RT was associated with elevated muscle strength. Moreover, RT was correlated with increased serum levels of IGF-1 among women and among those who received the training for ≤ 12 weeks or > 12 weeks. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the impact of RT on IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and muscle strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Amiri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Fathei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yoshiko A, Watanabe K. Impact of home-based squat training with two-depths on lower limb muscle parameters and physical functional tests in older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6855. [PMID: 33767255 PMCID: PMC7994411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of home-based shallow and deep squat trainings on knee extension peak torque, muscle thickness, one-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press, and physical function in older individuals. Sixteen participants were randomly assigned to the shallow squat group (SS group; age, 71.0 ± 4.0 years) or deep squat group (DS group, age; 68.6 ± 3.6 years). Chairs of 40-cm height and chairs with a cushion of 20-cm height (60-cm in total) were used as the depth targets for squats, with participants instructed to sink until their hip touched the chair and cushion. Participants performed four sets of squats per day (35 repetitions per set), three days per week, for 12 weeks at their home. Knee extension peak torque, muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris (e.g., vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius), and physical function were measured at weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 8, and 12. Maximal isometric knee extension peak torque, muscle thickness, and walking speed did not change significantly over the 12-week training period in either group (P > 0.05). However, compared with the baseline, there was significant improvement in the results of 30-s sit-to-stand repetition tests after weeks 8 and 12 in both groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, 1RM leg press results were significantly improved after weeks 4 and 12 in the DS group, and weeks 4, 8, and 12 in the SS group (P < 0.05). Results indicate that home-based weight-bearing squat training improves lower limb function in older adults, as well as performance in physical functional tests related to activities of daily living. Moreover, such training benefits older adults regardless of whether squats are shallow or deep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yoshiko
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
LOPEZ PEDRO, TAAFFE DENNISR, NEWTON ROBERTU, GALVÃO DANIELA. Resistance Exercise Dosage in Men with Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:459-469. [PMID: 32890199 PMCID: PMC7886340 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance exercise improves an array of treatment-related adverse effects in men with prostate cancer; however, the minimal dosage required is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (type, duration, volume, and intensity) on body composition, physical function, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or after treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more than three studies were included. Associations between mean differences and exercise components were tested by univariate and multivariate meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Twenty-three articles describing 21 trials and involving 1748 prostate cancer patients were included. Exercise improved fat mass (-1% in body fat and -0.6 kg in fat mass), lean mass (~0.5 kg in lean and appendicular lean mass), functional capacity (i.e., chair rise, 400-m test, 6-m fast walk, and stair climb tests), and fitness outcomes (i.e., V̇O2peak and muscle strength) (P = 0.040-<0.001) with no change in body mass index or prostate-specific antigen (P = 0.440-0.735). Meta-regression indicated no association between exercise type, resistance training duration, weekly volume and intensity, and primary outcomes (P = 0.075-0.965). There was a significant association between exercise intensity and chest press muscle strength (favoring moderate intensity, P = 0.012), but not in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION In untrained older men with prostate cancer initiating an exercise program, lower volume at moderate to high intensity is as effective as higher volume resistance training for enhancing body composition, functional capacity, and muscle strength in the short term. A low exercise dosage may help reduce barriers to exercise and enhance adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PEDRO LOPEZ
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
| | - DENNIS R. TAAFFE
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
| | - ROBERT U. NEWTON
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
| | - DANIEL A. GALVÃO
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ye G, Xiao Z, Luo Z, Huang X, Abdelrahim MEA, Huang W. Resistance training effect on serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum: a meta-analysis. Aging Male 2020; 23:1471-1479. [PMID: 32844706 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1801622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance exercise has drawn considerable attention to the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum. However, the relationship between resistance exercise and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum is conflicting. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate this relationship. METHODS A systematic literature search up to May 2020 was performed and 22 studies were detected with 680 subjects. They reported relationships between resistance exercise and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated comparing the resistance exercise and the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the serum using the continuous method with a random or fixed-effect model. RESULTS Significantly higher insulin-like growth factor 1 was observed in subjects performing resistance training for less than 16 weeks (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.49-5.57, p<.001); subjects performing resistance training for more than 16 weeks (OR, 11.55; 95% CI, 6.58-16.52, p<.001); subjects older than 60 years (OR, 11.88; 95% CI, 9.84-13.93, p<.001); females (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 2.26-5.49, p<.001) and males (OR, 16.82; 95% CI, 7.29-26.35, p<.001). However, significantly lower insulin-like growth factor 1 was observed in subjects younger than 60 years (OR, -4.80; 95% CI, -7.74 to -1.86, p=.001). CONCLUSIONS However, the resistance exercise significantly increases insulin-like growth factor 1 in subjects older than 60 years, both males and females, and subjects performing resistance exercise for all any period. Surprisingly, resistance exercise significantly decreases insulin-like growth factor 1 in subjects younger than 60 years. This relationship forces us to recommend the resistance exercise to improve insulin-like growth factor 1 in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanlun Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Zhifang Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuozhang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital's Nanhai Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Mohamed E A Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Cognition and IGF-1 Levels in Elder Women Who Live in Areas with High Air Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176203. [PMID: 32859109 PMCID: PMC7503506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a muscular strength programme on the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cognitive status in elder women with mild cognitive impairment who lived in areas of high air pollution. A total of 157 women participated in the study, distributed in four groups: Active/Clean (AC n = 38) and Active/Pollution (AP n = 37), who carried out a progressive resistance training programme for 24 months, and Sedentary/Clean (SC n = 40) and Sedentary/Pollution (SP n = 42). Maximum strength in the upper and lower limbs (1RM), cognition (Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE)) and blood IGF-1 were evaluated. At the beginning of the intervention, there were no differences between the groups in the assessed variables. The active groups which carried out the resistance training programme (AC and AP), registered better results in IGF-1 than the sedentary groups. These differences were statistically significant in AC vs. SC (p < 0.01) and AP vs. SC (p < 0.05). Regarding MMSE, group AC registered the highest score increases (+8.2%) (significantly better than the other groups), while group SP worsened (−7%) significantly compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, resistance training had a positive effect on IGF-1, while sedentary behaviour and air pollution had a negative effect on cognitive status.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lopez P, Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, Newton RU, Souza G, Trajano GS, Pinto RS. Resistance training in breast cancer patients undergoing primary treatment: a systematic review and meta-regression of exercise dosage. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:16-24. [PMID: 32815096 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is recognised as an adjunct therapy for breast cancer patients; however, little is known about the resistance training dose-response. We conducted a systematic review and meta-regression to examine the resistance training dose-response (i.e., volume and intensity) in breast cancer patients undergoing primary treatment. METHODS Searches in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were conducted for studies published up to November 2019. Experimental studies that evaluated resistance-based exercise interventions in women with breast cancer undergoing primary treatment were included. Information about resistance training components, average change and change per week, as well as standardised mean difference were extracted, and used for meta-regression analysis. Outcome measures were upper and lower body muscle strength and body composition. RESULTS 10 trials were included in the systematic review and 4 trials in the dose-response analysis. Resistance training weekly prescribed volume was inversely associated with increases in upper and lower body muscle strength (r2 = 98.1-100%; p = 0.009), although there was no relationship between resistance training intensity and strength gains. There was insufficient data for the dose-response analysis of body mass index, percent body fat, and lean mass. CONCLUSION Low volume resistance training might be a suitable exercise recommendation for breast cancer patients undergoing primary treatment producing superior benefits for muscle strength compared to higher volume training, regardless of the training intensity. Low volume resistance training may provide a conservative and appropriate approach for breast cancer patients, allowing gradual progression and modification throughout the exercise program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Perth, Western Australia, 6027, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Perth, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Perth, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Perth, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Giovani Souza
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dib MM, Tomeleri CM, Nunes JP, Cunha PM, Ribeiro AS, Schiavoni D, Cavalcante EF, Kunevaliki G, Teixeira DC, de Oliveira AR, Gonçalves EM, Gobbo LA, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Effects of Three Resistance Exercise Orders on Muscular Function and Body Composition in Older Women. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:1024-1031. [PMID: 32688414 DOI: 10.1055/a-1192-5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of three resistance exercise orders on muscular strength, body composition, and functional fitness in trained older women. Forty-five women (aged ≥60 years), after performing 12 weeks of a pre-conditioning resistance-training program were randomly assigned in one of the following groups that performed the exercises in the following orders: multi-joint to single-joint order (MJ-SJ, n=15), single-joint to multi-joint order (SJ-MJ, n=15), and alternating between upper and lower body order (ALT, n=15). Specific training intervention lasted 12 weeks (3x/week) and was composed of eight exercises performed in three sets of 15/10/5 repetitions, with increasing load through the sets. Muscular strength was estimated by one-repetition maximum tests; body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and functional fitness was analyzed with a sequence of four motor tests. All groups improved similarly in muscular strength (Cohen's effect size: MJ-SJ=0.45; SJ-MJ=0.48; ALT=0.45), skeletal muscle mass (MJ-SJ=0.08; SJ-MJ=0.07; ALT=0.09), and functional test performance (MJ-SJ=0.38; SJ-MJ=0.20; ALT=0.31), but no change was observed for body fat (P>0.05). The results suggest that 12 weeks of resistance training induce positive changes in muscle morphofunctionality, regardless of the exercise order employed in trained older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia M Dib
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Paolo M Cunha
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Parana, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Durcelina Schiavoni
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Edilaine F Cavalcante
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kunevaliki
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Denilson C Teixeira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Arli R de Oliveira
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luís A Gobbo
- School of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ribeiro AS, Picoloto A, Nunes JP, Bezerra ES, Schoenfeld BJ, Cyrino ES. Effects of Different Resistance Training Loads on the Muscle Quality Index in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1445-1449. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Nascimento de Oliveira-Júnior G, de Sousa JDFR, Carneiro MADS, Martins FM, Santagnello SB, Souza MVC, Orsatti FL. Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy, but Not Strength in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1216-1221. [PMID: 32569127 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nascimento de Oliveira Júnior, G, de Freitas Rodrigues de Sousa, J, Augusto da Silva Carneiro, M, Martins, FM, Santagnello, SB, Campos Souza, MV, and Orsatti, FL. Resistance training volume enhances muscle hypertrophy, but not strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Among several possible resistance training (RT) variables to be manipulated, the training volume has been considered as a critical variable to maximize RT-induced hypertrophy. Many of the studies that compared one set of RT with 3 sets have failed to show a difference in muscle hypertrophy in older adults. However, it is not clear whether further increases in RT volume (i.e., 6 sets) would result in even greater RT-related hypertrophy than 3 sets in older adults. This study aimed to investigate whether higher-volume RT (HV-RT) maximizes gains in lean body mass and muscle strength (MS) when compared with lower-volume RT (LV-RT) in postmenopausal women (PW). Fifty-eight PW were randomized into 1 of the 3 groups: control group (CT, no exercise), HV-RT (6 sets per exercise), and LV-RT (3 sets per exercise). Volunteers took part in a supervised training program (leg press 45°, leg extension, leg curl and standing calf raises) and were assessed for leg lean mass (LLM; dual X-ray absorptiometry) and lower limb MS (leg press and leg extension; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) before and after 12 weeks of RT. Both HV-RT and LV-RT groups increased (p < 0.05) LLM and MS when compared with the CT group. Higher increases in LLM gains were observed for the HV-RT group when compared with the LV-RT group (6.1 and 2.3%, p < 0.001). Both HV-RT and LV-RT groups similarly increased 1RM in the leg press and leg extension. Thus, there seems to be a dose-response relationship between RT volume and muscle hypertrophy, but not for MS gains in PW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernanda Maria Martins
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Markus Vinicius Campos Souza
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Exercise Biology Research Group (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nunes JP, Marcori AJ, Tomeleri CM, Nascimento MA, Mayhew JL, Ribeiro AS, Cyrino ES. Starting the Resistance-Training Session with Lower-Body Exercises Provides Lower Session Perceived Exertion without Altering the Training Volume in Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2019; 12:1187-1197. [PMID: 31839851 PMCID: PMC6886617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of four resistance-training (RT) exercise orders on rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and RT variables with exercise load properly adjusted according to its position within the sequence in older women. That is, the load was adjusted so that it was possible that the sets were performed within the repetition-zone established. Fifteen trained older women (67.4 ± 5.3 years) participated in a crossover-design, combining single-joint (SJ) and multi-joint (MJ) exercises for upper-(UB) and lower-body (LB) in the following exercise orders: SEQA = UBMJ-UBSJ-LBMJ-LBMJ; SEQB = UBSJ-UBMJ-LBSJ-LBMJ; SEQC = LBMJ-LBSJ-UBMJ-UBSJ; SEQD = LBSJ-LBMJ-UBSJ-UBMJ. Each session was comprised of eight exercises with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions. RPE was analyzed by a sequence (4) × sets (3) two-way ANOVA. Repetitions, time under tension, load, volume-load, and the average RPE of the session were analyzed by one-way ANOVA comparing the four sequences. No significant difference was identified between conditions for total repetitions, time under tension, training load, and volume-load. Lower average RPE of the session was obtained when LB exercises were performed earlier (SEQA: 7.2 ± 1.2, SEQB: 7.1 ± 1.0, SEQC: 6.7 ± 0.9, SEQD: 6.3 ± 1.1). We conclude that when lower body exercises are performed first in a training session, a lower RPE is noted throughout all the session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Alexandre J Marcori
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
- Paraná State University, Paranavaí Campus, Paranavaí, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Jerry L Mayhew
- Health and Exercise Science Program, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, BRAZIL
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Morton RW, Colenso-Semple L, Phillips SM. Training for strength and hypertrophy: an evidence-based approach. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
The Effect of Exercise on Glucoregulatory Hormones: A Countermeasure to Human Aging: Insights from a Comprehensive Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101709. [PMID: 31096708 PMCID: PMC6572009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hormones are secreted in a circadian rhythm, but also follow larger-scale timetables, such as monthly (hormones of the menstrual cycle), seasonal (i.e., winter, summer), and, ultimately, lifespan-related patterns. Several contexts modulate their secretion, such as genetics, lifestyle, environment, diet, and exercise. They play significant roles in human physiology, influencing growth of muscle, bone, and regulating metabolism. Exercise training alters hormone secretion, depending on the frequency, duration, intensity, and mode of training which has an impact on the magnitude of the secretion. However, there remains ambiguity over the effects of exercise training on certain hormones such as glucoregulatory hormones in aging adults. With advancing age, there are many alterations with the endocrine system, which may ultimately alter human physiology. Some recent studies have reported an anti-aging effect of exercise training on the endocrine system and especially cortisol, growth hormone and insulin. As such, this review examines the effects of endurance, interval, resistance and combined training on hormones (i.e., at rest and after) exercise in older individuals. We summarize the influence of age on glucoregulatory hormones, the influence of exercise training, and where possible, examine masters' athletes' endocrinological profile.
Collapse
|