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Hurcombe JA, Barrington F, Marchetti M, Betin VM, Bowen EE, Lay AC, Ni L, Dayalan L, Pope RJ, Brinkkoetter PT, Holzenberger M, Welsh GI, Coward RJ. Contrasting consequences of podocyte insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibition. iScience 2024; 27:109749. [PMID: 38706850 PMCID: PMC11068853 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte via the insulin receptor (IR) is critical for kidney function. In this study we show that near-complete knockout of the closely related insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in podocytes is detrimental, resulting in albuminuria in vivo and podocyte cell death in vitro. In contrast, partial podocyte IGF1R knockdown confers protection against doxorubicin-induced podocyte injury. Proteomic analysis of cultured podocytes revealed that while near-complete loss of podocyte IGF1R results in the downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory complex I and DNA damage repair proteins, partial IGF1R inhibition promotes respiratory complex expression. This suggests that altered mitochondrial function and resistance to podocyte stress depends on the level of IGF1R suppression, the latter determining whether receptor inhibition is protective or detrimental. Our work suggests that the partial suppression of podocyte IGF1R could have therapeutic benefits in treating albuminuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lan Ni
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Borkar NA, Thompson MA, Bartman CM, Sathish V, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Nicotine affects mitochondrial structure and function in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L803-L818. [PMID: 37933473 PMCID: PMC11068407 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00158.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke and e-cigarettes, with nicotine as the active constituent, contributes to increased health risks associated with asthma. Nicotine exerts its functional activity via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and the alpha7 subtype (α7nAChR) has recently been shown to adversely affect airway dynamics. The mechanisms of α7nAChR action in airways, particularly in the context of airway smooth muscle (ASM), a key cell type in asthma, are still under investigation. Mitochondria have garnered increasing interest for their role in regulating airway tone and adaptations to cellular stress. Here mitochondrial dynamics such as fusion versus fission, and mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m), play an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. There is currently no information on effects and mechanisms by which nicotine regulates mitochondrial structure and function in ASM in the context of asthma. We hypothesized that nicotine disrupts mitochondrial morphology, fission-fusion balance, and [Ca2+]m regulation, with altered mitochondrial respiration and bioenergetics in the context of asthmatic ASM. Using human ASM (hASM) cells from nonasthmatics, asthmatics, and smokers, we examined the effects of nicotine on mitochondrial dynamics and [Ca2+]m. Fluorescence [Ca2+]m imaging of hASM cells with rhod-2 showed robust responses to 10 μM nicotine, particularly in asthmatics and smokers. In both asthmatics and smokers, nicotine increased the expression of fission proteins while decreasing fusion proteins. Seahorse analysis showed blunted oxidative phosphorylation parameters in response to nicotine in these groups. α7nAChR siRNA blunted nicotine effects, rescuing [Ca2+]m, changes in mitochondrial structural proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data highlight mitochondria as a target of nicotine effects on ASM, where mitochondrial disruption and impaired buffering could permit downstream effects of nicotine in the context of asthma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Asthma is a major healthcare burden, which is further exacerbated by smoking. Recognizing the smoking risk of asthma, understanding the effects of nicotine on asthmatic airways becomes critical. Surprisingly, the mechanisms of nicotine action, even in normal and especially asthmatic airways, are understudied. Accordingly, the goal of this research is to investigate how nicotine influences asthmatic airways in terms of mitochondrial structure and function, via the a7nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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3
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Gevezova M, Kazakova M, Trenova A, Sarafian V. YKL-40 and the Cellular Metabolic Profile in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16297. [PMID: 38003487 PMCID: PMC10671493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation play a crucial role as a pathogenetic mechanism in PD. The glycoprotein YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is a potential biomarker involved in inflammation and tumor processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic profile of PBMCs from PD patients and to search for a possible relationship between cellular bioenergetics and YKL-40. The study included 18 naïve PD patients and an age-matched control group (HC, n = 7). Patients were diagnosed according to the MDS-PD, the UPDRS, and the Hoen-Yahr scales. Mitochondrial activity was measured by a metabolic analyzer on isolated PBMCs from PD patients. Gene (qPCR) and protein (ELISA) expression levels of YKL40 were investigated. New data are reported revealing changes in the mitochondrial activity and YKL-40 levels in PD patients. Bioenergetic parameters showed increased respiratory reserve capacity in PD compared to HC. The protein levels of YKL-40 were threefold higher in PD. We found a correlation between the YKL-40 protein levels and basal respiration and between YKL-40 and ATP production. These observations suggest an interplay between YKL-40 and mitochondrial function in PD. We assume that the YKL-40 gene and protein levels in combination with changes in mitochondrial function might serve as an additional tool to monitor the clinical course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute at MU-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute at MU-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anastasia Trenova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- University Hospital “Kaspela”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute at MU-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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4
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Hatokova Z, Evinova A, Racay P. STF-083010 an inhibitor of IRE1α endonuclease activity affects mitochondrial respiration and generation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105652. [PMID: 37482139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
STF-083010 is an inhibitor of endonuclease activity of inositol requiring-enzyme 1α (IRE1α) that is involved in activation of IRE1α-XBP1 axis of the unfolded protein response after ER stress. STF-083010 was tested as a possible antitumor agent in some previous studies exhibiting the ability either to induce death of tumour cells or to increase sensitivity of tumours cells to other neoplastic agents. STF-083010 exhibits also hepatoprotective effects in different models of liver injury and hepatic steatohepatitis. We have shown that STF-083010 has significant impact on mitochondrial functions that is not dependent on the way of STF-083010 application. We have observed that STF-083010 decrease of both maximal respiration (representing maximal electron transfer capacity of mitochondrial respiratory chain) and spare respiratory capacity after either incubation of the SH-SY5Y cells with STF-083010 or direct addition of STF-083010 to the respiration medium. In addition, we have documented impact of STF-083010 on generation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) that could be a result of decreased mitochondrial substrate level phosphorylation. Finally, increased sensitivity of ΔΨm to uncoupler in the presence of STF-083010 was documented. Our results indicate that STF-083010 has important impact on mitochondrial functions independently of its ability to inhibit endonuclease activity of IRE1α that is involved in activation of IRE1α-XBP1 axis of the unfolded protein response after ER stress. The impact of STF-083010 on mitochondrial functions could be associated with its possible off-target effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hatokova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Evinova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Racay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry JFM CU, JFM CU Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Slovak Republic.
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Ju WK, Perkins GA, Kim KY, Bastola T, Choi WY, Choi SH. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101136. [PMID: 36400670 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by a slow, progressive, and multifactorial degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, resulting in vision loss. Despite its high prevalence in individuals 60 years of age and older, the causing factors contributing to glaucoma progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatable risk factor. However, lowering IOP is insufficient for preventing disease progression. One of the significant interests in glaucoma pathogenesis is understanding the structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in RGCs and their axons and synapses. Glaucomatous risk factors such as IOP elevation, aging, genetic variation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor deprivation, and vascular dysregulation, are potential inducers for mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma. Because oxidative phosphorylation stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in glaucomatous RGCs, understanding the underlying mechanisms and relationship between structural and functional alterations in mitochondria would be beneficial to developing mitochondria-related neuroprotection in RGCs and their axons and synapses against glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we review the current studies focusing on mitochondrial dynamics-based structural and functional alterations in the mitochondria of glaucomatous RGCs and therapeutic strategies to protect RGCs against glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Woo-Young Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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6
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Nanjireddy PM, Olejniczak SH, Buxbaum NP. Targeting of chimeric antigen receptor T cell metabolism to improve therapeutic outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121565. [PMID: 36999013 PMCID: PMC10043186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can cure patients with cancers that are refractory to standard therapeutic approaches. To date, adoptive cell therapies have been less effective against solid tumors, largely due to impaired homing and function of immune cells within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Cellular metabolism plays a key role in T cell function and survival and is amenable to manipulation. This manuscript provides an overview of known aspects of CAR T metabolism and describes potential approaches to manipulate metabolic features of CAR T to yield better anti-tumor responses. Distinct T cell phenotypes that are linked to cellular metabolism profiles are associated with improved anti-tumor responses. Several steps within the CAR T manufacture process are amenable to interventions that can generate and maintain favorable intracellular metabolism phenotypes. For example, co-stimulatory signaling is executed through metabolic rewiring. Use of metabolic regulators during CAR T expansion or systemically in the patient following adoptive transfer are described as potential approaches to generate and maintain metabolic states that can confer improved in vivo T cell function and persistence. Cytokine and nutrient selection during the expansion process can be tailored to yield CAR T products with more favorable metabolic features. In summary, improved understanding of CAR T cellular metabolism and its manipulations have the potential to guide the development of more effective adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Maridhi Nanjireddy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Immunology Department, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Immunology Department, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nataliya Prokopenko Buxbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Nataliya Prokopenko Buxbaum,
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7
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Mesaros A, Buschbaum S, Withers DJ, Grönke S, Partridge L. Reduced insulin signaling in neurons induces sex-specific health benefits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8137. [PMID: 36812323 PMCID: PMC9946356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) extends health and life span in mammals. Loss of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) gene increases survival in mice and causes tissue-specific changes in gene expression. However, the tissues underlying IIS-mediated longevity are currently unknown. Here, we measured survival and health span in mice lacking IRS1 specifically in liver, muscle, fat, and brain. Tissue-specific loss of IRS1 did not increase survival, suggesting that lack of IRS1 in more than one tissue is required for life-span extension. Loss of IRS1 in liver, muscle, and fat did not improve health. In contrast, loss of neuronal IRS1 increased energy expenditure, locomotion, and insulin sensitivity, specifically in old males. Neuronal loss of IRS1 also caused male-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of Atf4, and metabolic adaptations consistent with an activated integrated stress response at old age. Thus, we identified a male-specific brain signature of aging in response to reduced IIS associated with improved health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dominic J. Withers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Impact of MnTBAP and Baricitinib Treatment on Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Fibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080945. [PMID: 36015093 PMCID: PMC9415676 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disease. It is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene, which results in a 50-amino-acid truncation of prelamin A. The resultant truncated prelamin A (progerin) lacks the cleavage site for the zinc-metallopeptidase ZMPSTE24. Progerin is permanently farnesylated, carboxymethylated, and strongly anchored to the nuclear envelope. This leads to abnormalities, such as altered nuclear shape, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. HGPS patients display symptoms of physiological aging, including atherosclerosis, alopecia, lipodystrophy, and arthritis. Currently, no cure for HGPS exists. Here we focus on a drug combination consisting of the superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP and JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib (Bar) to restore phenotypic alterations in HGPS fibroblasts. Treating HGPS fibroblasts with the MnTBAP/Bar combination improved mitochondrial functions and sustained Bar’s positive effects on reducing progerin and pro-inflammatory factor levels. Collectively, MnTBAP/Bar combination treatment ameliorates the aberrant phenotype of HGPS fibroblasts and is a potential treatment strategy for patients with HGPS.
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9
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Immune Cell Metabolic Fitness for Life. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020032. [PMID: 35645205 PMCID: PMC9149842 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy holds great promise for treating a myriad of diseases, especially cancer. Within the last decade, immunotherapy has provided a significant leap in the successful treatment of leukemia. The research conducted throughout this period to understand the interrelationships between cancer cells and infiltrating immune cells winds up having one very common feature, bioenergetics. Cancer cells and immune cells both need ATP to perform their individual functions and cancer cells have adopted means to limit immune cell activity via changes in immune cell bioenergetics that redirect immune cell behavior to encourage tumor growth. Current leading strategies for cancer treatment super-charge an individual’s own immune cells against cancer. Successful Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (CAR T) target pathways that ultimately influence bioenergetics. In the last decade, scientists identified that mitochondria play a crucial role in T cell physiology. When modifying T cells to create chimeras, a unique mitochondrial fitness emerges that establishes stemness and persistence. This review highlights many of the key findings leading to this generation’s CAR T treatments and the work currently being done to advance immunotherapy, to empower not just T cells but other immune cells as well against a variety of cancers.
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10
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Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang S, Wei L, Cheng H, Wang J, Wang J. Impacts and mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming of tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:378. [PMID: 35444235 PMCID: PMC9021207 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders and abnormal immune function changes occur in tumor tissues and cells to varying degrees. There is increasing evidence that reprogrammed energy metabolism contributes to the development of tumor suppressive immune microenvironment and influences the course of gastric cancer (GC). Current studies have found that tumor microenvironment (TME) also has important clinicopathological significance in predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Novel approaches targeting TME therapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), metabolic inhibitors and key enzymes of immune metabolism, have been involved in the treatment of GC. However, the interaction between GC cells metabolism and immune metabolism and how to make better use of these immunotherapy methods in the complex TME in GC are still being explored. Here, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming of GC cells and immune cells involved in GC immune responses modulate anti-tumor immune responses, as well as the effects of gastrointestinal flora in TME and GC. It is also proposed how to enhance anti-tumor immune response by understanding the targeted metabolism of these metabolic reprogramming to provide direction for the treatment and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- The First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- The First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Lingyu Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Aging Mechanism Research and Transformation, Center for Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China.,Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Basic Research and Clinical Transformation, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Hongbing Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Aging Mechanism Research and Transformation, Center for Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China.,Department of Microbiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Aging Mechanism Research and Transformation, Center for Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Basic Research and Clinical Transformation, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Aging Mechanism Research and Transformation, Center for Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China. .,Department of Immunology, Center for Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China.
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11
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Checler F, Alves da Costa C. Parkin as a Molecular Bridge Linking Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040559. [PMID: 35454148 PMCID: PMC9026546 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases are two distinct age-related pathologies that are characterized by various common dysfunctions. They are referred to as proteinopathies characterized by ubiquitinated protein accumulation and aggregation. This accumulation is mainly due to altered lysosomal and proteasomal clearing processes and is generally accompanied by ER stress disturbance, autophagic and mitophagic defects, mitochondrial structure and function alterations and enhanced neuronal cell death. Genetic approaches aimed at identifying molecular triggers responsible for familial forms of AD or PD have helped to understand the etiology of their sporadic counterparts. It appears that several proteins thought to contribute to one of these pathologies are also likely to contribute to the other. One such protein is parkin (PK). Here, we will briefly describe anatomical lesions and genetic advances linked to AD and PD as well as the main cellular processes commonly affected in these pathologies. Further, we will focus on current studies suggesting that PK could well participate in AD and thereby act as a molecular bridge between these two pathologies. In particular, we will focus on the transcription factor function of PK and its newly described transcriptional targets that are directly related to AD- and PD-linked cellular defects.
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12
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Allen CNS, Arjona SP, Santerre M, De Lucia C, Koch WJ, Sawaya BE. Metabolic Reprogramming in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:812887. [PMID: 35418836 PMCID: PMC8997587 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.812887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of patients infected with HIV-1 suffer from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) such as spatial memory impairments and learning disabilities (SMI-LD). SMI-LD is also observed in patients using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Our lab has demonstrated that the HIV-1 protein, gp120, promotes SMI-LD by altering mitochondrial functions and energy production. We have investigated cellular processes upstream of the mitochondrial functions and discovered that gp120 causes metabolic reprogramming. Effectively, the addition of gp120 protein to neuronal cells disrupted the glycolysis pathway at the pyruvate level. Looking for the players involved, we found that gp120 promotes increased expression of polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), causing the splicing of pyruvate kinase M (PKM) into PKM1 and PKM2. We have also shown that these events lead to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and prevent the cleavage of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-BDNF) protein into mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The accumulation of proBDNF results in signaling that increases the expression of the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) protein which then occupies the cAMP response element (CRE)-binding sites within the BDNF promoters II and IV, thus altering normal synaptic plasticity. We reversed these events by adding Tepp-46, which stabilizes the tetrameric form of PKM2. Therefore, we concluded that gp120 reprograms cellular metabolism, causing changes linked to disrupted memory in HIV-infected patients and that preventing the disruption of the metabolism presents a potential cure against HAND progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N. S. Allen
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sterling P. Arjona
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maryline Santerre
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Claudio De Lucia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bassel E. Sawaya
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bassel E. Sawaya,
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13
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Chen MM, Li Y, Deng SL, Zhao Y, Lian ZX, Yu K. Mitochondrial Function and Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Skeletal Muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:826981. [PMID: 35265618 PMCID: PMC8898899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.826981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers contain a large number of mitochondria, which produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and provide energy for muscle contraction. In this process, mitochondria also produce several types of "reactive species" as side product, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which have attracted interest. Mitochondria have been proven to have an essential role in the production of skeletal muscle reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). Traditionally, the elevation in RONS production is related to oxidative stress, leading to impaired skeletal muscle contractility and muscle atrophy. However, recent studies have shown that the optimal RONS level under the action of antioxidants is a critical physiological signal in skeletal muscle. Here, we will review the origin and physiological functions of RONS, mitochondrial structure and function, mitochondrial dynamics, and the coupling between RONS and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The crosstalk mechanism between mitochondrial function and RONS in skeletal muscle and its regulation of muscle stem cell fate and myogenesis will also be discussed. In all, this review aims to describe a comprehensive and systematic network for the interaction between skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and RONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Prenatal Low-Protein Diet Affects Mitochondrial Structure and Function in the Skeletal Muscle of Adult Female Offspring. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061158. [PMID: 35334815 PMCID: PMC8954615 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational low-protein (LP) diet leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in adult offspring. We had earlier demonstrated that LP programming affects glucose disposal in females. Mitochondrial health is crucial for normal glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. In this study, we sought to analyze mitochondrial structure, function, and associated genes in skeletal muscles to explore the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance LP-programmed female offspring. On day four of pregnancy, rats were assigned to a control diet containing 20% protein or an isocaloric 6% protein-containing diet. Standard laboratory diet was given to the dams after delivery until the end of weaning and to pups after weaning. Gestational LP diet led to changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure in the gastrocnemius muscles, including a nine-fold increase in the presence of giant mitochondria along with unevenly formed cristae. Further, functional analysis showed that LP programming caused impaired mitochondrial functions. Although the mitochondrial copy number did not show significant changes, key genes involved in mitochondrial structure and function such as Fis1, Opa1, Mfn2, Nrf1, Nrf2, Pgc1b, Cox4b, Esrra, and Vdac were dysregulated. Our study shows that prenatal LP programming induced disruption in mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in the skeletal muscle of female offspring.
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15
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Pandey A, Sarkar S, Yadav SK, Yadav SS, Srikrishna S, Siddiqui MH, Parmar D, Yadav S. Studies on Regulation of Global Protein Profile and Cellular Bioenergetics of Differentiating SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1799-1818. [PMID: 35025051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by sequential exposure of retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) are a well-employed cellular model for studying the mechanistic aspects of neural development and neurodegeneration. Earlier studies from our lab have identified dramatic upregulation (77 miRNAs) and downregulation (17 miRNAs) of miRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with successive exposure of RA + BDNF and demonstrated the essential role of increased levels of P53 proteins in coping with the differentiation-induced changes in protein levels. In continuation to our earlier studies, we have performed unbiased LC-MS/MS global protein profiling of naïve and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and analyzed the identified proteins in reference to miRNAs identified in our earlier studies to identify the cellular events regulated by both identified miRNAs and proteins. Analysis of LC-MS/MS data has shown a significant increase and decrease in levels of 215 and 163 proteins, respectively, in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Integrative analysis of miRNA identified in our previous studies and protein identified in the present study is carried out to discover novel miRNA-protein regulatory modules to elucidate miRNA-protein regulatory relationships of differentiating neurons. In silico network analysis of miRNAs and proteins deregulated upon SH-SY5Y differentiation identified cell cycle, synapse formation, axonogenesis, differentiation, neuron projection, and neurotransmission, as the topmost involved pathways. Further, measuring mitochondrial dynamics and cellular bioenergetics using qPCR and Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer, respectively, showed that differentiated cells possess increased mitochondrial dynamics and OCR relative to undifferentiated cells. In summary, our studies have identified a novel set of proteins deregulated during neuronal differentiation and establish the role of miRNAs identified in earlier studies in the regulation of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS-based global profiling of differentiating neurons, which will help in future studies related to neural development and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Pandey
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sana Sarkar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Singh Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Devendra Parmar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India. .,All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Uttar Pradesh, Raebareli, India.
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16
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Bakaeva Z, Lizunova N, Tarzhanov I, Boyarkin D, Petrichuk S, Pinelis V, Fisenko A, Tuzikov A, Sharipov R, Surin A. Lipopolysaccharide From E. coli Increases Glutamate-Induced Disturbances of Calcium Homeostasis, the Functional State of Mitochondria, and the Death of Cultured Cortical Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:811171. [PMID: 35069113 PMCID: PMC8767065 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.811171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a fragment of the bacterial cell wall, specifically interacting with protein complexes on the cell surface, can induce the production of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic signaling molecules, leading to the damage and death of brain cells. Similar effects have been noted in stroke and traumatic brain injury, when the leading factor of death is glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity too. But being an amphiphilic molecule with a significant hydrophobic moiety and a large hydrophilic region, LPS can also non-specifically bind to the plasma membrane, altering its properties. In the present work, we studied the effect of LPS from Escherichia coli alone and in combination with the hyperstimulation of Glu-receptors on the functional state of mitochondria and Ca2+ homeostasis, oxygen consumption and the cell survival in primary cultures from the rats brain cerebellum and cortex. In both types of cultures, LPS (0.1–10 μg/ml) did not change the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in resting neurons but slowed down the median of the decrease in [Ca2+]i on 14% and recovery of the mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm) after Glu removal. LPS did not affect the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cortical neurons; however, it did decrease the acute OCR during Glu and LPS coapplication. Evaluation of the cell culture survival using vital dyes and the MTT assay showed that LPS (10 μg/ml) and Glu (33 μM) reduced jointly and separately the proportion of live cortical neurons, but there was no synergism or additive action. LPS-effects was dependent on the type of culture, that may be related to both the properties of neurons and the different ratio between neurons and glial cells in cultures. The rapid manifestation of these effects may be the consequence of the direct effect of LPS on the rheological properties of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanda Bakaeva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Department of General Biology and Physiology, Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Elista, Russia
- *Correspondence: Zanda Bakaeva, ,
| | - Natalia Lizunova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Tarzhanov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Pharmacy, The Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Boyarkin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Petrichuk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Pinelis
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Fisenko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tuzikov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat Sharipov
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Surin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, “National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health”, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Pain, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Salazar C, Barros M, Elorza AA, Ruiz LM. Dynamic Distribution of HIG2A between the Mitochondria and the Nucleus in Response to Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010389. [PMID: 35008815 PMCID: PMC8745331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory supercomplex formation requires HIG2A protein, which also has been associated with cell proliferation and cell survival under hypoxia. HIG2A protein localizes in mitochondria and nucleus. DNA methylation and mRNA expression of the HIGD2A gene show significant alterations in several cancers, suggesting a role for HIG2A in cancer biology. The present work aims to understand the dynamics of the HIG2A subcellular localization under cellular stress. We found that HIG2A protein levels increase under oxidative stress. H2O2 shifts HIG2A localization to the mitochondria, while rotenone shifts it to the nucleus. HIG2A protein colocalized at a higher level in the nucleus concerning the mitochondrial network under normoxia and hypoxia (2% O2). Hypoxia (2% O2) significantly increases HIG2A nuclear colocalization in C2C12 cells. In HEK293 cells, chemical hypoxia with CoCl2 (>1% O2) and FCCP mitochondrial uncoupling, the HIG2A protein decreased its nuclear localization and shifted to the mitochondria. This suggests that the HIG2A distribution pattern between the mitochondria and the nucleus depends on stress and cell type. HIG2A protein expression levels increase under cellular stresses such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. Its dynamic distribution between mitochondria and the nucleus in response to stress factors suggests a new communication system between the mitochondria and the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Salazar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
| | - Miriam Barros
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute in Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Lina María Ruiz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Mancini G, Dias C, Lourenço CF, Laranjinha J, de Bem A, Ledo A. A High Fat/Cholesterol Diet Recapitulates Some Alzheimer's Disease-Like Features in Mice: Focus on Hippocampal Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1619-1633. [PMID: 34219714 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ample evidence from clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests mid-life hypercholesterolemia as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later age. Hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary habits can lead to vascular perturbations that increase the risk of developing sporadic AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD) as a risk factor for AD by using a rodent model of AD and its correspondent control (healthy animals). METHODS We compared the effect of a HFCD in normal mice (non-transgenic mice, NTg) and the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTgAD). We evaluated cognitive performance in relation to changes in oxidative metabolism and neuron-derived nitric oxide (•NO) concentration dynamics in hippocampal slices as well as histochemical staining of markers of the neurovascular unit. RESULTS In NTg, the HFCD produced only moderate hypercholesterolemia but significant decline in spatial memory was observed. A tendency for decrease in •NO production was accompanied by compromised mitochondrial function with decrease in spare respiratory capacity. In 3xTgAD mice, a robust increase in plasma cholesterol levels with the HFCD did not worsen cognitive performance but did induce compromise of mitochondrial function and significantly decreased •NO production. We found increased staining of biomarkers for astrocyte endfeet and endothelial cells in 3xTgAD hippocampi, which was further increased by the HFCD. CONCLUSION A short term (8 weeks) intervention with HFCD can produce an AD-like phenotype even in the absence of overt systemic hypercholesterolemia and highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a link between hypercholesterolemia and sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Mancini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Candida Dias
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catia F Lourenço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joao Laranjinha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreza de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ana Ledo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Rigotto G, Zentilin L, Pozzan T, Basso E. Effects of Mild Excitotoxic Stimulus on Mitochondria Ca 2+ Handling in Hippocampal Cultures of a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082046. [PMID: 34440815 PMCID: PMC8394681 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the molecular mechanisms involved in the neurodegeneration are still incompletely defined, though this aspect is crucial for a better understanding of the malady and for devising effective therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered Ca2+ signaling have long been implicated in AD, though it is debated whether these events occur early in the course of the pathology, or whether they develop at late stages of the disease and represent consequences of different alterations. Mitochondria are central to many aspects of cellular metabolism providing energy, lipids, reactive oxygen species, signaling molecules for cellular quality control, and actively shaping intracellular Ca2+ signaling, modulating the intensity and duration of the signal itself. Abnormalities in the ability of mitochondria to take up and subsequently release Ca2+ could lead to changes in the metabolism of the organelle, and of the cell as a whole, that eventually result in cell death. We sought to investigate the role of mitochondria and Ca2+ signaling in a model of Familial Alzheimer’s disease and found early alterations in mitochondria physiology under stressful condition, namely, reduced maximal respiration, decreased ability to sustain membrane potential, and a slower return to basal matrix Ca2+ levels after a mild excitotoxic stimulus. Treatment with an inhibitor of the permeability transition pore attenuated some of these mitochondrial disfunctions and may represent a promising tool to ameliorate mitochondria and cellular functioning in AD and prevent or slow down cell loss in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rigotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (G.R.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Xu P, Chang JC, Zhou X, Wang W, Bamkole M, Wong E, Bettayeb K, Jiang LL, Huang T, Luo W, Xu H, Nairn AC, Flajolet M, Ip NY, Li YM, Greengard P. GSAP regulates lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202446. [PMID: 34156424 PMCID: PMC8222926 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical, pathogenic, and human genetic data confirm that GSAP (γ-secretase activating protein), a selective γ-secretase modulatory protein, plays important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying GSAP-dependent pathogenesis remains largely elusive. Here, through unbiased proteomics and single-nuclei RNAseq, we identified that GSAP regulates multiple biological pathways, including protein phosphorylation, trafficking, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that GSAP physically interacts with the Fe65-APP complex to regulate APP trafficking/partitioning. GSAP is enriched in the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) and regulates lipid homeostasis through the amyloidogenic processing of APP. GSAP deletion generates a lipid environment unfavorable for AD pathogenesis, leading to improved mitochondrial function and the rescue of cognitive deficits in an AD mouse model. Finally, we identified a novel GSAP single-nucleotide polymorphism that regulates its brain transcript level and is associated with an increased AD risk. Together, our findings indicate that GSAP impairs mitochondrial function through its MAM localization and that lowering GSAP expression reduces pathological effects associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jerry C. Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Bamkole
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karima Bettayeb
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lu-Lin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Timothy Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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21
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Pharmacological inhibition of GLUT1 as a new immunotherapeutic approach after myocardial infarction. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114597. [PMID: 33965393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Excess inflammation significantly contributes to cardiac remodeling and heart failure after MI. Accumulating evidence has shown the central role of cellular metabolism in regulating the differentiation and function of cells. Metabolic rewiring is particularly relevant for proinflammatory responses induced by ischemia. Hypoxia reduces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and induces increased reliance on glycolysis. Moreover, activation of a proinflammatory transcriptional program is associated with preferential glucose metabolism in leukocytes. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that regulate metabolic adaptations holds the potential to identify new metabolic targets and strategies to reduce ischemic cardiac damage, attenuate excess local inflammation and ultimately prevent the development of heart failure. Among possible drug targets, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) gained considerable interest considering its pivotal role in regulating glucose availability in activated leukocytes and the availability of small molecules that selectively inhibit it. Therefore, we summarize current evidence on the role of GLUT1 in leukocytes (focusing on macrophages and T cells) and non-leukocytes, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts regarding ischemic heart disease. Beyond myocardial infarction, we can foresee the role of GLUT1 blockers as a possible pharmacological approach to limit pathogenic inflammation in other conditions driven by excess sterile inflammation.
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22
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Suppression of PGC-1α Drives Metabolic Dysfunction in TGFβ2-Induced EMT of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094701. [PMID: 33946753 PMCID: PMC8124188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α, a key orchestrator of mitochondrial metabolism, plays a crucial role in governing the energetically demanding needs of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). We previously showed that silencing PGC-1α induced RPE to undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Here, we show that induction of EMT in RPE using transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) suppressed PGC-1α expression. Correspondingly, TGFβ2 induced defects in mitochondrial network integrity with increased sphericity and fragmentation. TGFβ2 reduced expression of genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics, reduced citrate synthase activity and intracellular ATP content. High-resolution respirometry showed that TGFβ2 reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS levels consistent with reduced expression of NDUFB5. The reduced mitochondrial respiration was associated with a compensatory increase in glycolytic reserve, glucose uptake and gene expression of glycolytic enzymes (PFKFB3, PKM2, LDHA). Treatment with ZLN005, a selective small molecule activator of PGC-1α, blocked TGFβ2-induced upregulation of mesenchymal genes (αSMA, Snai1, CTGF, COL1A1) and TGFβ2-induced migration using the scratch wound assay. Our data show that EMT is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and a metabolic shift towards reduced OXPHOS and increased glycolysis that may be driven by PGC-1α suppression. ZLN005 effectively blocks EMT in RPE and thus serves as a novel therapeutic avenue for treatment of subretinal fibrosis.
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23
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Moro L, Rech G, Linazzi AM, Dos Santos TG, de Oliveira DL. An optimized method for adult zebrafish brain-tissue dissociation that allows access mitochondrial function under healthy and epileptic conditions. Brain Res 2021; 1765:147498. [PMID: 33894225 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in brain metabolism. Not surprisingly, mitochondria dysfunction is a ubiquitous cause of neurodegenerative diseases. In turn, acquired forms of epilepsy etiology is specifically intriguing since mitochondria function and dysfunction remain not completely enlightened. Investigation in the field includes models of epileptic disorder using mainly rodents followed by mitochondrial function evaluation, which in general evidenced controversial data. So, we considered the efforts and limitations in this research field and we took into account that sample preparation and quality are critical for bioenergetics investigation. For these reasons the aim of the present study was to develop a thorough protocol for adult zebrafish brain-tissue dissociation to evaluate oxygen consumption flux and reach the bioenergetics profile in health and models of epileptic disorder in both, in vitro using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and N-methyl-D-Aspartic acid (NMDA), and in vivo after kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus. In conclusion, we verify that fire-polished glass Pasteur pipette is eligible to brain-tissue dissociation and to study mitochondrial function and dysfunction in adult zebrafish. The results give evidence for large effect size in increase of coupling efficiency respiration (p/O2) correlated to treatment with PTZ and spare respiratory capacity (SRC) in KA-induced model indicating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) variable alterations. Further investigation is needed in order to clarify the bioenergetics role as well as other mitochondrial functions in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Moro
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Rech
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Martins Linazzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thainá Garbino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Lösch de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurochemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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24
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Nicoletti V, Palermo G, Del Prete E, Mancuso M, Ceravolo R. Understanding the Multiple Role of Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: Lesson From Genetics and Protein-Interaction Network. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636506. [PMID: 33869180 PMCID: PMC8047151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As neurons are highly energy-demanding cell, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a large role in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with early events in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonisms, and Huntington disease. Disruption of mitochondrial structure and dynamic is linked to increased levels of reactive oxygen species production, abnormal intracellular calcium levels, and reduced mitochondrial ATP production. However, recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in such disorders than has previously been appreciated, and a remarkable number of genes and proteins that contribute to the neurodegeneration cascade interact with mitochondria or affect mitochondrial function. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the deep interconnections between mitochondrial dysfunction and basal ganglia disorders, with an emphasis into the molecular triggers to the disease process. Understanding the regulation of mitochondrial pathways may be beneficial in finding pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions to delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nicoletti
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Del Prete
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Wang T, Liu H, Itoh K, Oh S, Zhao L, Murata D, Sesaki H, Hartung T, Na CH, Wang J. C9orf72 regulates energy homeostasis by stabilizing mitochondrial complex I assembly. Cell Metab 2021; 33:531-546.e9. [PMID: 33545050 PMCID: PMC8579819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 is implicated in the most common forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the full spectrum of C9orf72 functions remains to be established. Here, we report that C9orf72 is a mitochondrial inner-membrane-associated protein regulating cellular energy homeostasis via its critical role in the control of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The translocation of C9orf72 from the cytosol to the inter-membrane space is mediated by the redox-sensitive AIFM1/CHCHD4 pathway. In mitochondria, C9orf72 specifically stabilizes translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane domain containing 1 (TIMMDC1), a crucial factor for the assembly of OXPHOS complex I. C9orf72 directly recruits the prohibitin complex to inhibit the m-AAA protease-dependent degradation of TIMMDC1. The mitochondrial complex I function is impaired in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD patient-derived neurons. These results reveal a previously unknown function of C9orf72 in mitochondria and suggest that defective energy metabolism may underlie the pathogenesis of relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Honghe Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sungtaek Oh
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daisuke Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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26
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Plotegher N, Filadi R, Pizzo P, Duchen MR. Excitotoxicity Revisited: Mitochondria on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:342-351. [PMID: 33608137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is likely to occur in pathological scenarios in which mitochondrial function is already compromised, shaping neuronal responses to glutamate. In fact, mitochondria sustain cell bioenergetics, tune intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, and regulate glutamate availability by using it as metabolic substrate. Here, we suggest the need to explore glutamate toxicity in the context of specific disease models in which it may occur, re-evaluating the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamate excitotoxicity. Our aim is to signpost new approaches, perhaps combining glutamate and pathways to rescue mitochondrial function, as therapeutic targets in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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27
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Adiponectin enhances the bioenergetics of cardiac myocytes via an AMPK- and succinate dehydrogenase-dependent mechanism. Cell Signal 2021; 78:109866. [PMID: 33271223 PMCID: PMC9619024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most abundant circulating hormones, which through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), enhances fatty acid and glucose oxidation, and exerts a cardioprotective effect. However, its effects on cellular bioenergetics have not been explored. We have previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR, an AMPK activator) enhances mitochondrial respiration through a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH or complex II)-dependent mechanism in cardiac myocytes, leading us to predict that Adiponectin would exert a similar effect via activating AMPK. Our results show that Adiponectin enhances basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production, and spare respiratory capacity (SRC), which were all abolished by the knockdown of AMPKγ1, inhibition of SDH complex assembly, via the knockdown of the SDH assembly factor 1 (Sdhaf1), or inhibition of SDH activity. Additionally, Adiponectin alleviated hypoxia-induced reductions in OCR and ATP production, in a Sdhaf1-dependent manner, whereas overexpression of Sdhaf1 confirmed its sufficiency for mediating these effects. Importantly, the levels of holoenzyme SDH under the various conditions correlated with OCR. We also show that the effects of Adiponectin, AMPK, Sdhaf1, as well as, SDH complex assembly all required sirtuin 3 (Sirt3). In conclusion, Adiponectin potentiates mitochondrial bioenergetics via promoting SDH complex assembly in an AMPK-, Sdhaf1-, and Sirt3-dependent fashion in cardiac myocytes.
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28
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Gueguen N, Lenaers G, Reynier P, Weissig V, Edeas M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mitochondrial Medicine: Current Limitations, Pitfalls, and Tomorrow. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2276:1-29. [PMID: 34060029 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1266-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Until recently restricted to hereditary mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction is now recognized as a key player and strategic factor in the pathophysiological of many human diseases, ranging from the metabolism, vascular, cardiac, and neurodegenerative diseases to cancer. Because of their participation in a myriad of cellular functions and signaling pathways, precisely identifying the cause of mitochondrial "dysfunctions" can be challenging and requires robust and controlled techniques. Initially limited to the analysis of the respiratory chain functioning, these analytical techniques now enlarge to the analyses of mitochondrial and cellular metabolism, based on metabolomic approaches.Here, we address the methods used to assay mitochondrial dysfunction, with a highlight on the techniques used in diagnosis on tissues and cells derived from patients, the information they provide, and their strength and weakness.Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction by various strategies is a huge challenge, requires robust methods of evaluation, and should be able to take into consideration the mitochondria dynamics and localization. The future of mitochondrial medicine is strongly related to a perfect comprehension of its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naig Gueguen
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Volkmar Weissig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanocenter of Excellence, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy at Glendale, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Marvin Edeas
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
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29
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Ye S, Hu JJ, Zhao QA, Yang D. Fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo quantification of hydrogen peroxide. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11989-11997. [PMID: 34094420 PMCID: PMC8162884 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays essential roles in redox signaling and oxidative stress, and its dynamic concentration is critical to human health and diseases. Here we report the design, syntheses, and biological applications of HKPerox-Red and HKPerox-Ratio for quantitative measurement of H2O2. Both probes were successfully applied to detect endogenous H2O2 fluxes in living cells or zebrafish, and biological effects of multiple stress inducers including rotenone, arsenic trioxide, and starvation were investigated. As H2O2 is a common by-product for oxidase oxidation, a general assay was developed for ultrasensitive detection of various metabolites (glucose, uric acid, and sarcosine). Moreover, cellular H2O2 measurements were achieved for the first time by combining flow cytometry with live cell calibration. This study provides a pair of unique molecular tools for advanced H2O2 bio-imaging and assay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jun Jacob Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Qian Angela Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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30
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Singhal NS, Bai M, Lee EM, Luo S, Cook KR, Ma DK. Cytoprotection by a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 in Arctic ground squirrel neural progenitor cells. eLife 2020; 9:55578. [PMID: 33050999 PMCID: PMC7671683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many organisms in nature have evolved mechanisms to tolerate severe hypoxia or ischemia, including the hibernation-capable Arctic ground squirrel (AGS). Although hypoxic or ischemia tolerance in AGS involves physiological adaptations, little is known about the critical cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic AGS cell resilience to metabolic stress. Through cell survival-based cDNA expression screens in neural progenitor cells, we identify a genetic variant of AGS Atp5g1 that confers cell resilience to metabolic stress. Atp5g1 encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. Ectopic expression in mouse cells and CRISPR/Cas9 base editing of endogenous AGS loci revealed causal roles of one AGS-specific amino acid substitution in mediating cytoprotection by AGS ATP5G1. AGS ATP5G1 promotes metabolic stress resilience by modulating mitochondrial morphological change and metabolic functions. Our results identify a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 from a mammalian hibernator that critically contributes to intrinsic cytoprotection against metabolic stress. When animals hibernate, they lower their body temperature and metabolism to conserve the energy they need to withstand cold harsh winters. One such animal is the Arctic ground squirrel, an extreme hibernator that can drop its body temperatures to below 0°C. This hibernation ability means the cells of Arctic ground squirrels can survive severe shortages of blood and oxygen. But, it is unclear how their cells are able to endure this metabolic stress. To answer this question, Singhal, Bai et al. studied the cells of Arctic ground squirrels for unique features that might make them more durable to stress. Examining the genetic code of these resilient cells revealed that Arctic ground squirrels may have a variant form of a protein called ATP5G1. This protein is found in a cellular compartment called the mitochondria, which is responsible for supplying energy to the rest of the cell and therefore plays an important role in metabolic processes. Singhal, Bai et al. found that when this variant form of ATP5G1 was introduced into the cells of mice, their mitochondria was better at coping with stress conditions, such as low oxygen, low temperature and poisoning. Using a gene editing tool to selectively substitute some of the building blocks, also known as amino acids, that make up the ATP5G1 protein revealed that improvements to the mitochondria were caused by switching specific amino acids. However, swapping these amino acids, which presumably affects the role of ATP5G1, did not completely remove the cells’ resilience to stress. This suggests that variants of other genes and proteins may also be involved in providing protection. These findings provide the first evidence of a protein variant that is responsible for protecting cells during the metabolic stress conditions caused by hibernation. The approach taken by Singhal, Bai et al. could be used to identify and study other proteins that increase resilience to metabolic stress. These findings could help develop new treatments for diseases caused by a limited blood supply to human organs, such as a stroke or heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Meirong Bai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Evan M Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shuo Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kayleigh R Cook
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Dengke K Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, United States
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31
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Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Supplementation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2360872. [PMID: 33101584 PMCID: PMC7576349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2360872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in approximately 1% of the population over 65 years of age and has become increasingly more common with advances in age. The number of individuals older than 60 years has been increasing in modern societies, as well as life expectancy in developing countries; therefore, PD may pose an impact on the economic, social, and health structures of these countries. Oxidative stress is highlighted as an important factor in the genesis of PD, involving several enzymes and signaling molecules in the underlying mechanisms of the disease. This review presents updated data on the involvement of oxidative stress in the disease, as well as the use of antioxidant supplements in its therapy.
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32
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Edwards G, Lee Y, Kim M, Bhanvadia S, Kim KY, Ju WK. Effect of Ubiquinol on Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress: Studies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and/or Visual Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E952. [PMID: 33023026 PMCID: PMC7599950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of major causal factors in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Ubiquinol promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival against glaucomatous insults such as oxidative stress. Here we investigated the effect of ubiquinol on RGC survival and/or visual function in mouse models of glaucoma and oxidative stress. DBA/2J and age-matched DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ (D2-Gpnmb+), which do not develop intraocular pressure elevation, or C57BL/6J mice were fed with ubiquinol (1%) or control diet daily for 5 or 2 months. We assessed RGC survival by Brn3a immunohistochemistry and measured expression levels of active and total BAX, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α, transcription factor A (TFAM) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex protein. Following induction of oxidative stress by paraquat injection, we also assessed visual function. In glaucomatous retina, ubiquinol supplementation significantly promoted RGC survival, blocked BAX activation and increased TFAM and OXPHOS complex II protein expression. Also, ubiquinol supplementation ameliorated oxidative stress-induced visual dysfunction. These findings indicate that ubiquinol promotes RGC survival by increasing TFAM expression and OXPHOS complex II activity in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and that ubiquinol enhances RGC survival and preserves visual function against oxidative stress. We propose that ubiquinol has a therapeutic potential for treating oxidative stress-associated glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genea Edwards
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Martha Kim
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Korea
| | - Soham Bhanvadia
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA;
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; (G.E.); (Y.L.); (M.K.); (S.B.)
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33
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Siracusa R, Scuto M, Fusco R, Trovato A, Ontario ML, Crea R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Activity of Hidrox ® in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090824. [PMID: 32899274 PMCID: PMC7576486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developed countries, the extension of human life is increasingly accompanied by a progressive increase in neurodegenerative diseases, most of which do not yet have effective therapy but only symptomatic treatments. In recent years, plant polyphenols have aroused considerable interest in the scientific community. The mechanisms currently hypothesized for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) are neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main component of Hidrox® (HD), has been shown to have some of the highest free radical evacuation and anti-inflammatory activities. Here we wanted to study the role of HD on the neurobiological and behavioral alterations induced by rotenone. METHODS A study was conducted in which mice received HD (10 mg/kg, i.p.) concomitantly with rotenone (5 mg/kg, o.s.) for 28 days. RESULTS Locomotor activity, catalepsy, histological damage and several characteristic markers of the PD, such as the dopamine transporter (DAT) content, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and accumulation of α-synuclein, have been evaluated. Moreover, we observed the effects of HD on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and inflammasomes. Taken together, the results obtained highlight HD's ability to reduce the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the damage associated with it by counteracting the three main mechanisms of PD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION HD is subject to fewer regulations than traditional drugs to improve patients' brain health and could represent a promising nutraceutical choice to prevent PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Angela Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-09-5478-1165 (A.T.); +39-09-0676-5208 (R.D.P.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC., 26225 Eden Landing Road, Unit C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA;
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-09-5478-1165 (A.T.); +39-09-0676-5208 (R.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (V.C.)
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34
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Radhakrishnan S, Norley J, Wendt S, LeRoy N, Hall H, Norcross S, Doan S, Snaider J, MacVicar BA, Weake VM, Huang L, Tantama M. Neuron Activity Dependent Redox Compartmentation Revealed with a Second Generation Red-Shifted Ratiometric Sensor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2666-2678. [PMID: 32786310 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of several aging and trauma related neurological disorders, but the precise details of how altered neuronal activity elicits subcellular redox changes have remained difficult to resolve. Current redox sensitive dyes and fluorescent proteins can quantify spatially distinct changes in reactive oxygen species levels, but multicolor probes are needed to accurately analyze compartment-specific redox dynamics in single cells that can be masked by population averaging. We previously engineered genetically encoded red-shifted redox-sensitive fluorescent protein sensors using a Förster resonance energy transfer relay strategy. Here, we developed a second-generation excitation ratiometric sensor called rogRFP2 with improved red emission for quantitative live-cell imaging. Using this sensor to measure activity-dependent redox changes in individual cultured neurons, we observed an anticorrelation in which mitochondrial oxidation was accompanied by a concurrent reduction in the cytosol. This behavior was dependent on the activity of Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and could be modulated by the presence of cocultured astrocytes. We also demonstrated that the red fluorescent rogRFP2 facilitates ratiometric one- and two-photon redox imaging in rat brain slices and Drosophila retinas. Overall, the proof-of-concept studies reported here demonstrate that this new rogRFP2 redox sensor can be a powerful tool for understanding redox biology both in vitro and in vivo across model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Wendt
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian A. MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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35
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Marchetti P, Fovez Q, Germain N, Khamari R, Kluza J. Mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity: Mechanisms, regulation, and significance in non-transformed and cancer cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:13106-13124. [PMID: 32808332 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000767r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism must constantly adapt to stress conditions in order to maintain bioenergetic levels related to cellular functions. This absence of proper adaptation can be seen in a wide array of conditions, including cancer. Metabolic adaptation calls on mitochondrial function and draws on the mitochondrial reserve to meet increasing needs. Among mitochondrial respiratory parameters, the spare respiratory capacity (SRC) represents a particularly robust functional parameter to evaluate mitochondrial reserve. We provide an overview of potential SRC mechanisms and regulation with a focus on its particular significance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marchetti
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France.,Banque de Tissus, CHU Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Fovez
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Germain
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France.,Banque de Tissus, CHU Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Raeeka Khamari
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Kluza
- Institut de Recherche contre le Cancer de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, Université Lille, Lille Cedex, France
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36
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Milam AAV, Bartleson JM, Buck MD, Chang CH, Sergushichev A, Donermeyer DL, Lam WY, Pearce EL, Artyomov MN, Allen PM. Tonic TCR Signaling Inversely Regulates the Basal Metabolism of CD4 + T Cells. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:485-497. [PMID: 32769180 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of self-peptide-MHC signaling in CD4+ T cells to metabolic programming has not been definitively established. In this study, we employed LLO118 and LLO56, two TCRtg CD4+ T cells that recognize the same Listeria epitope. We previously have shown that LLO56 T cells are highly self-reactive and respond poorly in a primary infection, whereas LLO118 cells, which are less self-reactive, respond well during primary infection. We performed metabolic profiling and found that naive LLO118 had a dramatically higher basal respiration rate, a higher maximal respiration rate, and a higher glycolytic rate relative to LLO56. The LLO118 cells also exhibited a greater uptake of 2-NBD-glucose, in vitro and in vivo. We extended the correlation of low self-reactivity (CD5lo) with high basal metabolism using two other CD4+ TCRtg cells with known differences in self-reactivity, AND and Marilyn. We hypothesized that the decreased metabolism resulting from a strong interaction with self was mediated through TCR signaling. We then used an inducible knock-in mouse expressing the Scn5a voltage-gated sodium channel. This channel, when expressed in peripheral T cells, enhanced basal TCR-mediated signaling, resulting in decreased respiration and glycolysis, supporting our hypothesis. Genes and metabolites analysis of LLO118 and LLO56 T cells revealed significant differences in their metabolic pathways, including the glycerol phosphate shuttle. Inhibition of this pathway reverts the metabolic state of the LLO118 cells to be more LLO56 like. Overall, these studies highlight the critical relationship between peripheral TCR-self-pMHC interaction, metabolism, and the immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Viehmann Milam
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Juliet M Bartleson
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael D Buck
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany.,The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David L Donermeyer
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Wing Y Lam
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Paul M Allen
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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37
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Li W, Qiu S, Chen J, Jiang S, Chen W, Jiang J, Wang F, Si W, Shu Y, Wei P, Fan G, Tian R, Wu H, Xu C, Wang H. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Designed to Prevent Ubiquitination and Downregulation Showed Durable Antitumor Efficacy. Immunity 2020; 53:456-470.e6. [PMID: 32758419 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that poor persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T) in patients limits therapeutic efficacy. Here, we designed a CAR with recyclable capability to promote in vivo persistence and to sustain antitumor activity. We showed that the engagement of tumor antigens induced rapid ubiquitination of CARs, causing CAR downmodulation followed by lysosomal degradation. Blocking CAR ubiquitination by mutating all lysines in the CAR cytoplasmic domain (CARKR) markedly repressed CAR downmodulation by inhibiting lysosomal degradation while enhancing recycling of internalized CARs back to the cell surface. Upon encountering tumor antigens, CARKR-T cells ameliorated the loss of surface CARs, which promoted their long-term killing capacity. Moreover, CARKR-T cells containing 4-1BB signaling domains displayed elevated endosomal 4-1BB signaling that enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and promoted memory T cell differentiation, leading to superior persistence in vivo. Collectively, our study provides a straightforward strategy to optimize CAR-T antitumor efficacy by redirecting CAR trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shizhen Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jian Chen
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shutan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wendong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wen Si
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gaofeng Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ruijun Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- ENT institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Haopeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Mishra JS, Blesson CS, Kumar S. Testosterone Decreases Placental Mitochondrial Content and Cellular Bioenergetics. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070176. [PMID: 32698476 PMCID: PMC7407169 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Placental mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Since preeclampsia is a hyperandrogenic state, we hypothesized that elevated maternal testosterone levels induce damage to placental mitochondria and decrease bioenergetic profiles. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with vehicle or testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg/day) from gestation day (GD) 15 to 19. On GD20, the placentas were isolated to assess mitochondrial structure, copy number, ATP/ADP ratio, and biogenesis (Pgc-1α and Nrf1). In addition, in vitro cultures of human trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo) were treated with dihydrotestosterone (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 nM), and bioenergetic profiles using seahorse analyzer were assessed. Testosterone exposure in pregnant rats led to a 2-fold increase in plasma testosterone levels with an associated decrease in placental and fetal weights compared with controls. Elevated maternal testosterone levels induced structural damage to the placental mitochondria and decreased mitochondrial copy number. The ATP/ADP ratio was reduced with a parallel decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of Pgc-1α and Nrf1 in the placenta of testosterone-treated rats compared with controls. In cultured trophoblasts, dihydrotestosterone decreased the mitochondrial copy number and reduced PGC-1α, NRF1 mRNA, and protein levels without altering the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion genes. Dihydrotestosterone exposure induced significant mitochondrial energy deficits with a dose-dependent decrease in basal respiration, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity. In summary, our study suggests that the placental mitochondrial dysfunction induced by elevated maternal testosterone might be a potential mechanism linking preeclampsia to feto-placental growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Mishra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Chellakkan S. Blesson
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Family Fertility Center, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Correspondence:
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Atorvastatin Improves Mitochondrial Function and Prevents Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus Following Amyloid-β 1-40 Intracerebroventricular Administration in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4187-4201. [PMID: 32683653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurotoxic effects promoted by Aβ peptides involve glutamate transmission impairment, decrease of neurotrophic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptotoxicity, and neuronal degeneration. Here, we assessed the early events evoked by Aβ1-40 on the hippocampus. Additionally, we sought to unravel the molecular mechanisms of atorvastatin preventive effect on Aβ-induced hippocampal damage. Mice were treated orally (p.o.) with atorvastatin 10 mg/kg/day during 7 consecutive days before the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of Aβ1-40 (400 pmol/site). Twenty-four hours after Aβ1-40 infusion, a reduced content of mature BDNF/proBDNF ratio was observed in Aβ-treated mice. However, there is no alteration in synaptophysin, PSD-95, and doublecortin immunocontent in the hippocampus. Aβ1-40 promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation in hippocampal slices, and atorvastatin prevented this oxidative burst. Mitochondrial OXPHOS was measured by high-resolution respirometry. At this time point, Aβ1-40 did not alter the O2 consumption rates (OCR) related to phosphorylating state associated with complexes I and II, and the maximal OCR. However, atorvastatin increased OCR of phosphorylating state associated with complex I and complexes I and II, maximal OCR of complexes I and II, and OCR associated with mitochondrial spare capacity. Atorvastatin treatment improved mitochondrial function in the rodent hippocampus, even after Aβ infusion, pointing to a promising effect of improving brain mitochondria bioenergetics. Therefore, atorvastatin could act as an adjuvant in battling the symptoms of AD to preventing or delaying the disease progression.
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40
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Ramanathan R, Kiyimba F, Gonzalez J, Mafi G, DeSilva U. Impact of Up- and Downregulation of Metabolites and Mitochondrial Content on pH and Color of the Longissimus Muscle from Normal-pH and Dark-Cutting Beef. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7194-7203. [PMID: 32530278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited knowledge is currently available on the biochemical basis for the development of dark-cutting beef. The objective of this research was to determine the metabolite profile and mitochondrial content differences between normal-pH and dark-cutting beef. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer-based nontargeted metabolomic approach indicated downregulation of glycolytic metabolites, including glucose-1- and 6-phosphate and upregulation of tricarboxylic substrates such as malic and fumaric acids occurred in dark-cutting beef when compared to normal-pH beef. Neurotransmitters such as 4-aminobutyric acid and succinate semialdehyde were upregulated in dark-cutting beef than normal-pH beef. Immunohistochemistry indicated a more oxidative fiber type in dark-cutting beef than normal-pH beef. In support, the mitochondrial protein and DNA content were greater in dark-cutting beef. This increased mitochondrial content, in part, could influence oxygen consumption and myoglobin oxygenation/appearance of dark-cutting beef. The current results demonstrate that the more tricarboxylic metabolites and mitochondrial content in dark-cutting beef impact muscle pH and color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Ramanathan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Frank Kiyimba
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - John Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Gretchen Mafi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Udaya DeSilva
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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41
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Early Onset of Sex-Dependent Mitochondrial Deficits in the Cortex of 3xTg Alzheimer's Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061541. [PMID: 32599904 PMCID: PMC7349170 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health concern worldwide. Advanced age and female sex are two of the most prominent risk factors for AD. AD is characterized by progressive neuronal loss, especially in the cortex and hippocampus, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to be an early event in the onset and progression of the disease. Our results showed early perturbations in mitochondrial function in 3xTg mouse brain, with the cortex being more susceptible to mitochondrial changes than the hippocampus. In the cortex of 3xTg females, decreased coupled and uncoupled respiration were evident early (at 2 months of age), while in males it appeared later at 6 months of age. We observed increased coupled respiration in the hippocampus of 2-month-old 3xTg females, but no changes were detected later in life. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were indicated by decreased mitofusin (Mfn2) and increased dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) (only in females) in the hippocampus and cortex of 3xTg mice. Our findings highlight the importance of controlling and accounting for sex, brain region, and age in studies examining brain bioenergetics using this common AD model in order to more accurately evaluate potential therapies and improve the sex-specific translatability of preclinical findings.
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42
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Bell SM, De Marco M, Barnes K, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L, Blackburn DJ, Mortiboys H, Venneri A. Deficits in Mitochondrial Spare Respiratory Capacity Contribute to the Neuropsychological Changes of Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020032. [PMID: 32365522 PMCID: PMC7354560 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is diagnosed using neuropsychological testing, supported by amyloid and tau biomarkers and neuroimaging abnormalities. The cause of neuropsychological changes is not clear since they do not correlate with biomarkers. This study investigated if changes in cellular metabolism in AD correlate with neuropsychological changes. Fibroblasts were taken from 10 AD patients and 10 controls. Metabolic assessment included measuring total cellular ATP, extracellular lactate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic function. All participants were assessed with neuropsychological testing and brain structural MRI. AD patients had significantly lower scores in delayed and immediate recall, semantic memory, phonemic fluency and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). AD patients also had significantly smaller left hippocampal, left parietal, right parietal and anterior medial prefrontal cortical grey matter volumes. Fibroblast MMP, mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (MSRC), glycolytic reserve, and extracellular lactate were found to be lower in AD patients. MSRC/MMP correlated significantly with semantic memory, immediate and delayed episodic recall. Correlations between MSRC and delayed episodic recall remained significant after controlling for age, education and brain reserve. Grey matter volumes did not correlate with MRSC/MMP. AD fibroblast metabolic assessment may represent an emergent disease biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heather Mortiboys
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (A.V.); Tel.: +44-(0)114-222-2259 (H.M.); +44-(0)114-271-3430 (A.V.)
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (A.V.); Tel.: +44-(0)114-222-2259 (H.M.); +44-(0)114-271-3430 (A.V.)
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43
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Jaber SM, Yadava N, Polster BM. Mapping mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies by respirometry: Beyond the Mito Stress Test. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113282. [PMID: 32165258 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based respirometers, such as the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer, are valuable tools to assess the functionality of mitochondria within adherent neurons, as well as other cell types. The Mito Stress Test is the most frequently employed protocol of drug additions to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Sequential exposure of cells to an ATP synthase inhibitor such as oligomycin and an uncoupler such as FCCP cause changes in oxygen consumption rate that allow estimation of the cellular efficiency and capacity for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. While a useful first step in assessing whether an experimental treatment or genetic manipulation affects mitochondrial energetics, the Mito Stress Test does not identify specific sites of altered respiratory chain function. This article discusses limitations of the Mito Stress Test, proposes a refined protocol for comparing cell populations that requires independent drug titrations at multiple cell densities, and describes a stepwise series of respirometry-based assays that "map" locations of electron transport deficiency. These include strategies to test for cytochrome c release, to probe the functionality of specific electron transport chain complexes within intact or permeabilized cells, and to measure NADH oxidation by the linked activity of Complexes I, III, and IV. To illustrate utility, we show that although UK5099 and ABT-737 each decrease the spare respiratory capacity of cortical neurons, the stepwise assays reveal different underlying mechanisms consistent with their established drug targets: deficient Complex I substrate supply induced by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor UK5099 and cytochrome c release induced by the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein inhibitor ABT-737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sausan M Jaber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Electron transport chain activity is a predictor and target for venetoclax sensitivity in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1228. [PMID: 32144272 PMCID: PMC7060223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax is highly effective in multiple myeloma (MM) patients exhibiting the 11;14 translocation, the mechanistic basis of which is unknown. In evaluating cellular energetics and metabolism of t(11;14) and non-t(11;14) MM, we determine that venetoclax-sensitive myeloma has reduced mitochondrial respiration. Consistent with this, low electron transport chain (ETC) Complex I and Complex II activities correlate with venetoclax sensitivity. Inhibition of Complex I, using IACS-010759, an orally bioavailable Complex I inhibitor in clinical trials, as well as succinate ubiquinone reductase (SQR) activity of Complex II, using thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) or introduction of SDHC R72C mutant, independently sensitize resistant MM to venetoclax. We demonstrate that ETC inhibition increases BCL-2 dependence and the ‘primed’ state via the ATF4-BIM/NOXA axis. Further, SQR activity correlates with venetoclax sensitivity in patient samples irrespective of t(11;14) status. Use of SQR activity in a functional-biomarker informed manner may better select for MM patients responsive to venetoclax therapy. Venetoclax monotherapy is effective in 40% of t(11:14) positive multiple myeloma (MM). Here, the authors show that electron transport chain complex I (CI) and complex II (CII) activity predict MM sensitivity to venetoclax, and inhibition of CI with IACS-010759 or CII with TTFA increase sensitivity.
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45
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Deletion of a Neuronal Drp1 Activator Protects against Cerebral Ischemia. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3119-3129. [PMID: 32144179 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1926-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission catalyzed by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance of healthy mitochondria. However, excessive fission has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative disorders, and we recently reported that mice with smaller mitochondria are sensitized to ischemic stroke injury. Although pharmacological Drp1 inhibition has been put forward as neuroprotective, the specificity and mechanism of the inhibitor used is controversial. Here, we provide genetic evidence that Drp1 inhibition is neuroprotective. Drp1 is activated by dephosphorylation of an inhibitory phosphorylation site, Ser637. We identify Bβ2, a mitochondria-localized protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, as a neuron-specific Drp1 activator in vivo Bβ2 KO mice of both sexes display elongated mitochondria in neurons and are protected from cerebral ischemic injury. Functionally, deletion of Bβ2 and maintained Drp1 Ser637 phosphorylation improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, Ca2+ homeostasis, and attenuated superoxide production in response to ischemia and excitotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo Last, deletion of Bβ2 rescued excessive stroke damage associated with dephosphorylation of Drp1 S637 and mitochondrial fission. These results indicate that the state of mitochondrial connectivity and PP2A/Bβ2-mediated dephosphorylation of Drp1 play a critical role in determining the severity of cerebral ischemic injury. Therefore, Bβ2 may represent a target for prophylactic neuroprotective therapy in populations at high risk of stroke.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT With recent advances in clinical practice including mechanical thrombectomy up to 24 h after the ischemic event, there is resurgent interest in neuroprotective stroke therapies. In this study, we demonstrate reduced stroke damage in the brain of mice lacking the Bβ2 regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, which we have shown previously acts as a positive regulator of the mitochondrial fission enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Importantly, we provide evidence that deletion of Bβ2 can rescue excessive ischemic damage in mice lacking the mitochondrial PKA scaffold AKAP1, apparently via opposing effects on Drp1 S637 phosphorylation. These results highlight reversible phosphorylation in bidirectional regulation of Drp1 activity and identify Bβ2 as a potential pharmacological target to protect the brain from stroke injury.
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Moosavi B, Zhu XL, Yang WC, Yang GF. Genetic, epigenetic and biochemical regulation of succinate dehydrogenase function. Biol Chem 2020; 401:319-330. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II or succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a crucial enzyme involved in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the two primary metabolic pathways for generating ATP. Impaired function of SDH results in deleterious disorders from cancer to neurodegeneration. SDH function is tailored to meet the energy demands in different cell types. Thus, understanding how SDH function is regulated and how it operates in distinct cell types can support the development of therapeutic approaches against the diseases. In this article we discuss the molecular pathways which regulate SDH function and describe extra roles played by SDH in specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Moosavi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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Quintana DD, Garcia JA, Anantula Y, Rellick SL, Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Sarkar SN, Brown CM, Simpkins JW. Amyloid-β Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction via a Ca2+-Driven Upregulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation and Superoxide Production in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:119-138. [PMID: 32250296 PMCID: PMC7418488 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular pathology is pervasive in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet it is unknown whether cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to the progression or etiology of AD. In human subjects and in animal models of AD, cerebral hypoperfusion and hypometabolism are reported to manifest during the early stages of the disease and persist for its duration. Amyloid-β is known to cause cellular injury in both neurons and endothelial cells by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species and disrupting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We present a mechanism for mitochondrial degeneration caused by the production of mitochondrial superoxide, which is driven by increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. We found that persistent superoxide production injures mitochondria and disrupts electron transport in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. These observations provide a mechanism for the mitochondrial deficits that contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunction in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic D. Quintana
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jorge A. Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yamini Anantula
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Rellick
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Saumyendra N. Sarkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Candice M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W. Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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D'Souza L, Bhattacharya D. Plasma cells: You are what you eat. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:161-177. [PMID: 30874356 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cells are terminally differentiated B lymphocytes that constitutively secrete antibodies. These antibodies can provide protection against pathogens, and their quantity and quality are the best clinical correlates of vaccine efficacy. As such, plasma cell lifespan is the primary determinant of the duration of humoral immunity. Yet dysregulation of plasma cell function can cause autoimmunity or multiple myeloma. The longevity of plasma cells is primarily dictated by nutrient uptake and non-transcriptionally regulated metabolic pathways. We have previously shown a positive effect of glucose uptake and catabolism on plasma cell longevity and function. In this review, we discuss these findings with an emphasis on nutrient uptake and its effects on respiratory capacity, lifespan, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and antibody secretion in plasma cells. We further discuss how some of these pathways may be dysregulated in multiple myeloma, potentially providing new therapeutic targets. Finally, we speculate on the connection between plasma cell intrinsic metabolism and systemic changes in nutrient availability and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D'Souza
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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Morton JC, Armstrong JA, Sud A, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Altered Bioenergetics of Blood Cell Sub-Populations in Acute Pancreatitis Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122201. [PMID: 31847184 PMCID: PMC6947319 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a debilitating, sometimes fatal disease, marked by local injury and systemic inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of pancreatic damage in AP, however, its involvement in circulating blood cell subtypes is unknown. This study compared mitochondrial bioenergetics in circulating leukocytes from AP patients and healthy volunteers: 15 patients with mild to severe AP were compared to 10 healthy controls. Monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were isolated using magnetic activated cell sorting and mitochondrial bioenergetics profiles of the cell populations determined using a Seahorse XF24 flux analyser. Rates of oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) under conditions of electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition (“stress” test) informed respiratory and glycolytic parameters, respectively. Phorbol ester stimulation was used to trigger the oxidative burst. Basal OCR in all blood cell subtypes was similar in AP patients and controls. However, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity of AP patient lymphocytes were decreased, indicating impairment of functional capacity. A diminished oxidative burst occurred in neutrophils from AP patients, compared to controls, whereas this was enhanced in both monocytes and lymphocytes. The data demonstrate important early alterations of bioenergetics in blood cell sub-populations from AP patients, which imply functional alterations linked to clinical disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Morton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Jane A. Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Ajay Sud
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-151-794-5304; Fax: +44-151-794-5327
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Dependence of the mitochondrial adaptive capacity of hepatocytes on the oxidative substrates availability. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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