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Rouchka EC, de Almeida C, House RB, Daneshmand JC, Chariker JH, Saraswat-Ohri S, Gomes C, Sharp M, Shum-Siu A, Cesarz GM, Petruska JC, Magnuson DSK. Construction of a Searchable Database for Gene Expression Changes in Spinal Cord Injury Experiments. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1030-1043. [PMID: 37917105 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition with an estimated 18,000 new cases annually in the United States. The field has accepted and adopted standardized databases such as the Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury (ODC-SCI) to aid in broader analyses, but these currently lack high-throughput data despite the availability of nearly 6000 samples from over 90 studies available in the Sequence Read Archive. This limits the potential for large datasets to enhance our understanding of SCI-related mechanisms at the molecular and cellular level. Therefore, we have developed a protocol for processing RNA-Seq samples from high-throughput sequencing experiments related to SCI resulting in both raw and normalized data that can be efficiently mined for comparisons across studies, as well as homologous discovery across species. We have processed 1196 publicly available RNA-Seq samples from 50 bulk RNA-Seq studies across nine different species, resulting in an SQLite database that can be used by the SCI research community for further discovery. We provide both the database as well as a web-based front-end that can be used to query the database for genes of interest, differential gene expression, genes with high variance, and gene set enrichments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Carlos de Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Randi B House
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jonah C Daneshmand
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Julia H Chariker
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Training, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sujata Saraswat-Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Morgan Sharp
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alice Shum-Siu
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Greta M Cesarz
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Petruska
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David S K Magnuson
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Sgro M, Kodila ZN, Li C, Carmichael I, Warren S, Reichelt AC, Yamakawa GR, Mychasiuk R. Microbiome depletion prior to repeat mild TBI differentially alters social deficits and prefrontal cortex plasticity in adolescent and adult rats. iScience 2024; 27:109395. [PMID: 38510122 PMCID: PMC10952042 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although aging, repeat mild traumatic brain injury (RmTBI), and microbiome modifications independently change social behavior, there has been no investigation into their cumulative effects on social behavior and neuroplasticity within the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we examined how microbiome depletion prior to RmTBI affected social behavior and neuroplasticity in adolescent and adult rats. Play, temperament analysis, elevated plus maze, and the hot/cold plate assessed socio-emotional function. Analyses of perineuronal nets (PNNs) and parvalbumin (PV) interneurons was completed. Social-emotional deficits were more pronounced in adults, with microbiome depletion attenuating social behavior deficits associated with RmTBI in both age groups. Microbiome depletion increased branch length and PNN arborization within the PFC but decreased the overall number of PNNs. Adults and males were more vulnerable to RmTBI. Interestingly, microbiome depletion may have attenuated the changes to neuroplasticity and subsequent social deficits, suggesting that the microbiome is a viable, but age-specific, target for RmTBI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zoe N. Kodila
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Irena Carmichael
- Monash Micro Imaging, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Samantha Warren
- Monash Micro Imaging, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Amy C. Reichelt
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn R. Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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3
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Chambel SS, Cruz CD. Axonal growth inhibitors and their receptors in spinal cord injury: from biology to clinical translation. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2573-2581. [PMID: 37449592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelin-associated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance. Due to their inhibitory nature, they represent exciting molecular targets to study axonal inhibition and regeneration after central injuries. These molecules are mainly produced by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes within the scar and in its immediate vicinity. They exert their effects by binding to specific receptors, localized in the membranes of neurons. Receptors for these inhibitory cues include Nogo receptor 1, leucine-rich repeat, and Ig domain containing 1 and p75 neurotrophin receptor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (that form a receptor complex that binds all myelin-associated inhibitors), and also paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A bind to Nogo receptor 1, Nogo receptor 3, receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ and leucocyte common antigen related phosphatase, and neogenin, respectively. Once activated, these receptors initiate downstream signaling pathways, the most common amongst them being the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. These signaling cascades result in actin depolymerization, neurite outgrowth inhibition, and failure to regenerate after spinal cord injury. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological treatments to overcome spinal cord injuries other than physical rehabilitation and management of the array of symptoms brought on by spinal cord injuries. However, several novel therapies aiming to modulate these inhibitory proteins and/or their receptors are under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Investigation has also been demonstrating that combinatorial therapies of growth inhibitors with other therapies, such as growth factors or stem-cell therapies, produce stronger results and their potential application in the clinics opens new venues in spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Sousa Chambel
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto; Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto; Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Li Z, Xu P, Shang L, Ma B, Zhang H, Fu L, Ou Y, Mao Y. 3D collagen porous scaffold carrying PLGA-PTX/SDF-1α recruits and promotes neural stem cell differentiation for spinal cord injury repair. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2332-2355. [PMID: 37566099 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2247715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), one of the major factors of disability, can cause irreversible motor and sensory impairment. There are no effective therapeutic drugs and technologies available in domestic or foreign countries currently. Neural stem cells (NSCs), with the potential for multidirectional differentiation, are a potential treatment for SCI. However, it has been demonstrated that NSCs primarily differentiated into astrocytes rather than neurons due to the inflammatory microenvironment, and the current challenge remains to direct the differentiation of NSCs into neurons in the lesion site. It was reported that the microtubule-stabilizing agent paclitaxel (PTX) was able to promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons rather than astrocytes after SCI. SDF-1α can recruit NSCs and thus guide the migration of stem cells. In this study, we developed a functional collagen scaffold by loading SDF-1α and nanoparticle-encapsulated PLGA-PTX into a 3D collagen porous scaffold, allowing for slow release of PTX. When the functional scaffolds were implanted into the injury site, it provided a neural regeneration conduit channel for the migration of NSCs and neuronal differentiation. Neural regeneration promoted the recovery of motor function and reduced glial scar formation after SCI. In conclusion, a 3D collagen porous scaffold combined with PLGA-PTX and SDF-1α is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lijun Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bingxu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics and Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangmin Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yingji Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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5
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Zhang YY, Xue RR, Yao M, Li ZY, Hu CW, Dai YX, Fang YD, Ding X, Xu JH, Cui XJ, Mo W. A systematic review and meta-analysis of chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery in rat models of spinal cord injury. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37950873 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2278867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To comprehensively assess the neurologic recovery potential of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS The PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for animal experiments that evaluated the use of ChABC in the treatment of SCI up to November 2022. Studies reporting neurological function using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, as well as assessments of cavity area, lesion area, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, were included in the analysis. RESULTS A total of 46 studies were ultimately selected for inclusion. The results of the study showed that rats with SCI that received ChABC therapy exhibited a significant improvement in locomotor function after 7 days compared with controls (32 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.58, [0.33, 0.83], p < 0.00001). Furthermore, the benefits of ChABC therapy were maintained for up to 28 days according to BBB scale. The lesion area was reduced by ChABC (5 studies, WMD = -20.94, [-28.42, -13.46], p < 0.00001). Meanwhile, GFAP levels were reduced in the ChABC treatment group (8 studies, WMD = -29.15, [-41.57, -16.72], p < 0.00001). Cavity area is not statistically significant. The subgroup analysis recommended that a single injection of 10 μL (8 studies, WMD = 2.82, [1.99, 3.65], p < 0.00001) or 20 U/mL (4 studies, WMD = 2.21, [0.73, 3.70], p = 0.003) had a better effect on improving the function. The funnel plot of the BBB scale was found to be essentially symmetrical, indicating a low risk of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis has indicated that ChABC could improve functional recovery in rats after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-de Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hai Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Spine Disease Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Mo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Rouchka EC, de Almeida C, House RB, Daneshmand JC, Chariker JH, Saraswat-Ohri S, Gomes C, Sharp M, Shum-Siu A, Cesarz GM, Petruska JC, Magnuson DS. Construction of a searchable database for gene expression changes in spinal cord injury experiments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526630. [PMID: 36778366 PMCID: PMC9915599 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disease resulting in an estimated 18,000 new cases in the United States on an annual basis. Significant behavioral research on animal models has led to a large amount of data, some of which has been catalogued in the Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury (ODC-SCI). More recently, high throughput sequencing experiments have been utilized to understand molecular mechanisms associated with SCI, with nearly 6,000 samples from over 90 studies available in the Sequence Read Archive. However, to date, no resource is available for efficiently mining high throughput sequencing data from SCI experiments. Therefore, we have developed a protocol for processing RNA-Seq samples from high-throughput sequencing experiments related to SCI resulting in both raw and normalized data that can be efficiently mined for comparisons across studies as well as homologous discovery across species. We have processed 1,196 publicly available RNA-seq samples from 50 bulk RNA-Seq studies across nine different species, resulting in an SQLite database that can be used by the SCI research community for further discovery. We provide both the database as well as a web-based front-end that can be used to query the database for genes of interest, differential gene expression, genes with high variance, and gene set enrichments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY USA 40202
- Bioinformatics Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Carlos de Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Randi B. House
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jonah C. Daneshmand
- Bioinformatics Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Julia H. Chariker
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY USA 40202
- Department of Neuroscience Training, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Sujata Saraswat-Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Morgan Sharp
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Alice Shum-Siu
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Greta M. Cesarz
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jeffrey C. Petruska
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - David S.K. Magnuson
- Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Enzyme Kinetics Features of the Representative Engineered Recombinants of Chondroitinase ABC I. Protein J 2023; 42:55-63. [PMID: 36715784 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitinase ABC I (cABC I) from Proteus vulgaris is an important enzyme in medicinal biotechnology due to its ability to help axon regeneration after spinal cord injury. Its practical application involves solving several problems at the molecular and cellular levels. Structurally, most residues at the C-terminal domain of cABC I are arranged as organized strands, and only a small fraction of residues have helical conformation. The structural and functional features of modified residues on two specific helix fragments have previously been reported. The single mutant M889K has been combined with L679S and L679D mutants to make enzyme variants containing simultaneously modified helix. Here, the pH stability and temperature-based analysis of the transition state structure for the catalysis reaction were investigated. We found that double mutant L679D/M889K is the better choice to use in physiological conditions due to its higher pH stability at physiological pH as well as its different optimum temperature as compared with the (wild-type) WT protein. According to Arrhenius's analysis, the values of the Gibbs free energy of the transition state (∆G#) are not changed upon mutation. However, the relative contribution and absolute values of the enthalpy and entropy change to the total value of ∆G#, varied between the WT and mutants.
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8
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Khalil AS, Hellenbrand D, Reichl K, Umhoefer J, Filipp M, Choe J, Hanna A, Murphy WL. A Localized Materials-Based Strategy to Non-Virally Deliver Chondroitinase ABC mRNA Improves Hindlimb Function in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200206. [PMID: 35882512 PMCID: PMC10031873 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury often results in devastating consequences for those afflicted, with very few therapeutic options. A central element of spinal cord injuries is astrogliosis, which forms a glial scar that inhibits neuronal regeneration post-injury. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) is an enzyme capable of degrading chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), the predominant extracellular matrix component of the glial scar. However, poor protein stability remains a challenge in its therapeutic use. Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery is an emerging gene therapy technology for in vivo production of difficult-to-produce therapeutic proteins. Here, mineral-coated microparticles as an efficient, non-viral mRNA delivery vehicles to produce exogenous ChABC in situ within a spinal cord lesion are used. ChABC production reduces the deposition of CSPGs in an in vitro model of astrogliosis, and direct injection of these microparticles within a glial scar forces local overexpression of ChABC and improves recovery of motor function seven weeks post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Daniel Hellenbrand
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Kaitlyn Reichl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Jennifer Umhoefer
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Mallory Filipp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Joshua Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Amgad Hanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Forward BIO Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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9
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Sánchez-Ventura J, Canal C, Hidalgo J, Penas C, Navarro X, Torres-Espin A, Fouad K, Udina E. Aberrant perineuronal nets alter spinal circuits, impair motor function, and increase plasticity. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114220. [PMID: 36064003 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix that have been extensively studied in the brain. Cortical PNNs are implicated in synaptic stabilization, plasticity inhibition, neuroprotection, and ionic buffering. However, the role of spinal PNNs, mainly found around motoneurons, is still unclear. Thus, the goal of this study is to elucidate the role of spinal PNNs on motor function and plasticity in both intact and spinal cord injured mice. We used transgenic mice lacking the cartilage link protein 1 (Crtl1 KO mice), which is implicated in PNN assembly. Crtl1 KO mice showed disorganized PNNs with an altered proportion of their components in both motor cortex and spinal cord. Behavioral and electrophysiological tests revealed motor impairments and hyperexcitability of spinal reflexes in Crtl1 KO compared to WT mice. These functional outcomes were accompanied by an increase in excitatory synapses around spinal motoneurons. Moreover, following spinal lesions of the corticospinal tract, Crtl1 KO mice showed increased contralateral sprouting compared to WT mice. Altogether, the lack of Crtl1 generates aberrant PNNs that alter excitatory synapses and change the physiological properties of motoneurons, overall altering spinal circuits and producing motor impairment. This disorganization generates a permissive scenario for contralateral axons to sprout after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sánchez-Ventura
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Canal
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Hidalgo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Penas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - X Navarro
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Torres-Espin
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitative Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Udina
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain.
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10
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Ribeiro M, Ayupe AC, Beckedorff FC, Levay K, Rodriguez S, Tsoulfas P, Lee JK, Nascimento-Dos-Santos G, Park KK. Retinal ganglion cell expression of cytokine enhances occupancy of NG2 cell-derived astrocytes at the nerve injury site: Implication for axon regeneration. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114147. [PMID: 35738417 PMCID: PMC10648309 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Following injury in the central nervous system, a population of astrocytes occupy the lesion site, form glial bridges and facilitate axon regeneration. These astrocytes originate primarily from resident astrocytes or NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. However, the extent to which these cell types give rise to the lesion-filling astrocytes, and whether the astrocytes derived from different cell types contribute similarly to optic nerve regeneration remain unclear. Here we examine the distribution of astrocytes and NG2+ cells in an optic nerve crush model. We show that optic nerve astrocytes partially fill the injury site over time after a crush injury. Viral mediated expression of a growth-promoting factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) promotes axon regeneration without altering the lesion size or the degree of lesion-filling GFAP+ cells. Strikingly, using inducible NG2CreER driver mice, we found that CNTF overexpression in RGCs increases the occupancy of NG2+ cell-derived astrocytes in the optic nerve lesion. An EdU pulse-chase experiment shows that the increase in NG2 cell-derived astrocytes is not due to an increase in cell proliferation. Lastly, we performed RNA-sequencing on the injured optic nerve and reveal that CNTF overexpression in RGCs results in significant changes in the expression of distinct genes, including those that encode chemokines, growth factor receptors, and immune cell modulators. Even though CNTF-induced axon regeneration has long been recognized, this is the first evidence of this procedure affecting glial cell fate at the optic nerve crush site. We discuss possible implication of these results for axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Ribeiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA7103 MCN/VUIIS, 1161 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ana C Ayupe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Felipe C Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Room 715, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Konstantin Levay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sara Rodriguez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gabriel Nascimento-Dos-Santos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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11
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Brandebura AN, Kolson DR, Amick EM, Ramadan J, Kersting MC, Nichol RH, Holcomb PS, Mathers PH, Stoilov P, Spirou GA. Transcriptional profiling reveals roles of intercellular Fgf9 signaling in astrocyte maturation and synaptic refinement during brainstem development. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102176. [PMID: 35753346 PMCID: PMC9304775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue maturation is a coordinated process under tight transcriptional control. We previously analyzed the kinetics of gene expression in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the brainstem during the critical postnatal phase of its development. While this work revealed timed execution of transcriptional programs, it was blind to the specific cells where gene expression changes occurred. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-Seq to determine transcriptional profiles of each major MNTB cell type. We discerned directional signaling patterns between neuronal, glial, and vascular-associated cells for VEGF, TGFβ, and Delta-Notch pathways during a robust period of vascular remodeling in the MNTB. Furthermore, we describe functional outcomes of the disruption of neuron-astrocyte fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) signaling. We used a conditional KO (cKO) approach to genetically delete Fgf9 from principal neurons in the MNTB, which led to an early onset of glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap) expression in astrocytes. In turn, Fgf9 cKO mice show increased levels of astrocyte-enriched brevican (Bcan), a component of the perineuronal net matrix that ensheaths principal neurons in the MNTB and the large calyx of Held terminal, while levels of the neuron-enriched hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapln1) were unchanged. Finally, volumetric analysis of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (Vglut1/2), which serves as a proxy for terminal size, revealed an increase in calyx of Held volume in the Fgf9 cKO. Overall, we demonstrate a coordinated neuron-astrocyte Fgf9 signaling network that functions to regulate astrocyte maturation, perineuronal net structure, and synaptic refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Brandebura
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Douglas R Kolson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Emily M Amick
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jad Ramadan
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew C Kersting
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert H Nichol
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Paul S Holcomb
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Peter H Mathers
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Otolaryngology HNS, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
| | - George A Spirou
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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12
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Chio JCT, Punjani N, Hejrati N, Zavvarian MM, Hong J, Fehlings MG. Extracellular Matrix and Oxidative Stress Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles and Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:184-207. [PMID: 34465134 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant disruption to neuronal, glial, vascular, and extracellular elements. The spinal cord extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises structural and communication proteins that are involved in reparative and regenerative processes after SCI. In the healthy spinal cord, the ECM helps maintain spinal cord homeostasis. After SCI, the damaged ECM limits plasticity and contributes to inflammation through the expression of damage-associated molecules such as proteoglycans. Recent Advances: Considerable insights have been gained by characterizing the origins of the gliotic and fibrotic scars, which not only reduce the spread of injury but also limit neuroregeneration. These properties likely limit the success of therapies used to treat patients with SCI. The ECM, which is a major contributor to the scars and normal physiological functions of the spinal cord, represents an exciting therapeutic target to enhance recovery post-SCI. Critical Issue: Various ECM-based preclinical therapies have been developed. These include disrupting scar components, inhibiting activity of ECM metalloproteinases, and maintaining iron homeostasis. Biomaterials have also been explored. However, the majority of these treatments have not experienced successful clinical translation. This could be due to the ECM and scars' polarizing roles. Future Directions: This review surveys the complexity involved in spinal ECM modifications, discusses new ECM-based combinatorial strategies, and explores the biomaterials evaluated in clinical trials, which hope to introduce new treatments that enhance recovery after SCI. These topics will incorporate oxidative species, which are both beneficial and harmful in reparative and regenerative processes after SCI, and not often assessed in pertinent literature. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 184-207.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Chon Teng Chio
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nayaab Punjani
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nader Hejrati
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Takiguchi M, Miyashita K, Yamazaki K, Funakoshi K. Chondroitinase ABC Administration Facilitates Serotonergic Innervation of Motoneurons in Rats With Complete Spinal Cord Transection. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:881632. [PMID: 35845919 PMCID: PMC9280451 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.881632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) is an enzyme that degrades glycosaminoglycan side-chains of chondroitin sulfate (CS-GAG) from the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) core protein. Previous studies demonstrated that the administration of ChABC after spinal cord injury promotes nerve regeneration by removing CS-GAGs from the lesion site and promotes the plasticity of spinal neurons by removing CS-GAGs from the perineuronal nets (PNNs). These effects of ChABC might enhance the regeneration and sprouting of descending axons, leading to the recovery of motor function. Anatomical evidence, indicating that the regenerated axons innervate spinal motoneurons caudal to the lesion site, however, has been lacking. In the present study, we investigated whether descending axons pass through the lesion site and innervate the lumbar motoneurons after ChABC administration in rats with complete spinal cord transection (CST) at the thoracic level. At 3 weeks after CST, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) fibers were observed to enter the lesion in ChABC-treated rats, but not saline-treated rats. In addition, 92% of motoneurons in the ventral horn of the fifth lumbar segment (L5) in saline-treated rats, and 38% of those in ChABC-treated rats were surrounded by chondroitin sulfate-A (CS-A) positive structures. At 8 weeks after CST, many 5-HT fibers were observed in the ventral horn of the L5, where they terminated in the motoneurons in ChABC-treated rats, but not in saline-treated rats. In total, 54% of motoneurons in the L5 ventral horn in saline-treated rats and 39% of those in ChABC-treated rats were surrounded by CS-A-positive structures. ChABC-treated rats had a Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) motor score of 3.8 at 2 weeks, 7.1 at 3 weeks, and 10.3 at 8 weeks after CST. These observations suggest that ChABC administration to the lesion site immediately after CST may promote the regeneration of descending 5-HT axons through the lesion site and their termination on motoneurons at the level of caudal to the lesion site. ChABC administration might facilitate reinnervation by degrading CS-GAGs around motoneurons. Motor function of the lower limbs was significantly improved in ChABC-treated rats even before the 5-HT axons terminated on the motoneurons, suggesting that other mechanisms may also contribute to the motor function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Takiguchi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanae Miyashita
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamazaki
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kengo Funakoshi,
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14
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Sánchez-Ventura J, Lane MA, Udina E. The Role and Modulation of Spinal Perineuronal Nets in the Healthy and Injured Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:893857. [PMID: 35669108 PMCID: PMC9163449 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.893857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rather than being a stable scaffold, perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a dynamic and specialized extracellular matrix involved in plasticity modulation. They have been extensively studied in the brain and associated with neuroprotection, ionic buffering, and neural maturation. However, their biological function in the spinal cord and the effects of disrupting spinal PNNs remain elusive. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of spinal PNNs and their potential in pathological conditions such as traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). We also highlighted interventions that have been used to modulate the extracellular matrix after SCI, targeting the glial scar and spinal PNNs, in an effort to promote regeneration and stabilization of the spinal circuits, respectively. These concepts are discussed in the framework of developmental and neuroplastic changes in PNNs, drawing similarities between immature and denervated neurons after an SCI, which may provide a useful context for future SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sánchez-Ventura
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Michael A. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- The Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Esther Udina
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther Udina
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15
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Kosuri S, Borca CH, Mugnier H, Tamasi M, Patel RA, Perez I, Kumar S, Finkel Z, Schloss R, Cai L, Yarmush ML, Webb MA, Gormley AJ. Machine-Assisted Discovery of Chondroitinase ABC Complexes toward Sustained Neural Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102101. [PMID: 35112508 PMCID: PMC9119153 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the many molecules that contribute to glial scarring, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are known to be potent inhibitors of neuronal regeneration. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), a bacterial lyase, degrades the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of CSPGs and promotes tissue regeneration. However, ChABC is thermally unstable and loses all activity within a few hours at 37 °C under dilute conditions. To overcome this limitation, the discovery of a diverse set of tailor-made random copolymers that complex and stabilize ChABC at physiological temperature is reported. The copolymer designs, which are based on chain length and composition of the copolymers, are identified using an active machine learning paradigm, which involves iterative copolymer synthesis, testing for ChABC thermostability upon copolymer complexation, Gaussian process regression modeling, and Bayesian optimization. Copolymers are synthesized by automated PET-RAFT and thermostability of ChABC is assessed by retained enzyme activity (REA) after 24 h at 37 °C. Significant improvements in REA in three iterations of active learning are demonstrated while identifying exceptionally high-performing copolymers. Most remarkably, one designed copolymer promotes residual ChABC activity near 30%, even after one week and notably outperforms other common stabilization methods for ChABC. Together, these results highlight a promising pathway toward sustained tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kosuri
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Heloise Mugnier
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Matthew Tamasi
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Roshan A. Patel
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Isabel Perez
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Zachary Finkel
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Rene Schloss
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Li Cai
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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16
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Liao HY, Wang ZQ, Ran R, Zhou KS, Ma CW, Zhang HH. Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:761273. [PMID: 34988074 PMCID: PMC8721099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that maintains metabolism and homeostasis by eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Many studies have reported that autophagy plays an important role in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the spatiotemporal patterns of autophagy activation after traumatic SCI are contradictory. Most studies show that the activation of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis have neuroprotective effects on traumatic SCI. However, reports demonstrate that autophagy is strongly associated with distal neuronal death and the impaired functional recovery following traumatic SCI. This article introduces SCI pathophysiology, the physiology and mechanism of autophagy, and our current review on its role in traumatic SCI. We also discuss the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis and the therapeutic effect of activating or inhibiting autophagy in promoting functional recovery. Thus, we aim to provide a theoretical basis for the biological therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Liao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Ran
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chun-Wei Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Varadarajan SG, Hunyara JL, Hamilton NR, Kolodkin AL, Huberman AD. Central nervous system regeneration. Cell 2022; 185:77-94. [PMID: 34995518 PMCID: PMC10896592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons of the mammalian central nervous system fail to regenerate. Substantial progress has been made toward identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie regenerative failure and how altering those pathways can promote cell survival and/or axon regeneration. Here, we summarize those findings while comparing the regenerative process in the central versus the peripheral nervous system. We also highlight studies that advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying neural degeneration in response to injury, as many of these mechanisms represent primary targets for restoring functional neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John L Hunyara
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natalie R Hamilton
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Andrew D Huberman
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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18
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Li C, Sahu S, Kou G, Jagadeesan N, Joseph TP, Li Lin S, Schachner M. Chondroitin 6-sulfate-binding peptides improve recovery in spinal cord-injured mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174421. [PMID: 34391768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of glycosaminoglycan sulfation patterns, particularly in regard to scar formation and inhibition of neuritogenesis, has been mainly studied in cell culture with a focus on chondroitin 4-sulfate. In this study, we investigated chondroitin 6-sulfate (C6S) and found that it also inhibits neurite outgrowth of mouse cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. To examine whether the inhibitory activity of C6S could be neutralized, seven previously characterized high-affinity C6S-binding peptides were tested, among which three peptides neutralized the inhibitory functions of C6S. We further investigated these peptides in a mouse model of spinal cord injury, since upregulation of C6S expression in the glial scar following injury has been associated with reduced axonal regrowth and functional recovery. We here subjected mice to severe compression injury at thoracic levels T7-T9, immediately followed by inserting gelfoam patches soaked in C6S-binding peptides or in a control peptide. Application of C6S-binding peptides led to functional recovery after injury and prevented fibrotic glial scar formation, as seen by decreased activation of astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. Decreased expression of several lecticans and deposition of fibronectin at the site of injury were also observed. Application of C6S-binding peptides led to axonal regrowth and inhibited the C6S-mediated activation of RhoA/ROCK and decrease of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. Taken together, these results indicate that treatment with C6S-binding peptides improves functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijie Li
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Sudhanshu Sahu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Guanhua Kou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Nataraj Jagadeesan
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Thomson Patrick Joseph
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Stanley Li Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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19
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Zawadzka M, Kwaśniewska A, Miazga K, Sławińska U. Perspectives in the Cell-Based Therapies of Various Aspects of the Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Pathologies: Lessons from the Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112995. [PMID: 34831217 PMCID: PMC8616284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the spinal cord (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition often leading to severe dysfunctions, therefore an improvement in clinical treatment for SCI patients is urgently needed. The potential benefits of transplantation of various cell types into the injured spinal cord have been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials. Despite the many challenges that are still ahead, cell transplantation alone or in combination with other factors, such as artificial matrices, seems to be the most promising perspective. Here, we reviewed recent advances in cell-based experimental strategies supporting or restoring the function of the injured spinal cord with a particular focus on the regenerative mechanisms that could define their clinical translation.
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20
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Eisele BS, Luka Z, Wu AJ, Yang F, Hale AT, York JD. Sulfation of glycosaminoglycans depends on the catalytic activity of lithium-inhibited phosphatase BPNT2 in vitro. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101293. [PMID: 34634304 PMCID: PMC8551643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi-resident bisphosphate nucleotidase 2 (BPNT2) is a member of a family of magnesium-dependent, lithium-inhibited phosphatases that share a three-dimensional structural motif that directly coordinates metal binding to effect phosphate hydrolysis. BPNT2 catalyzes the breakdown of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate, a by-product of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfation. KO of BPNT2 in mice leads to skeletal abnormalities because of impaired GAG sulfation, especially chondroitin-4-sulfation, which is critical for proper extracellular matrix development. Mutations in BPNT2 have also been found to underlie a chondrodysplastic disorder in humans. The precise mechanism by which the loss of BPNT2 impairs sulfation remains unclear. Here, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to test the hypothesis that the catalytic activity of BPNT2 is required for GAG sulfation in vitro. We show that a catalytic-dead Bpnt2 construct (D108A) does not rescue impairments in intracellular or secreted sulfated GAGs, including decreased chondroitin-4-sulfate, present in Bpnt2-KO MEFs. We also demonstrate that missense mutations in Bpnt2 adjacent to the catalytic site, which are known to cause chondrodysplasia in humans, recapitulate defects in overall GAG sulfation and chondroitin-4-sulfation in MEF cultures. We further show that treatment of MEFs with lithium (a common psychotropic medication) inhibits GAG sulfation and that this effect depends on the presence of BPNT2. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the catalytic activity of an enzyme potently inhibited by lithium can modulate GAG sulfation and therefore extracellular matrix composition, revealing new insights into lithium pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynna S Eisele
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zigmund Luka
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alice J Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John D York
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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21
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Roth JG, Huang MS, Li TL, Feig VR, Jiang Y, Cui B, Greely HT, Bao Z, Paşca SP, Heilshorn SC. Advancing models of neural development with biomaterials. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:593-615. [PMID: 34376834 PMCID: PMC8612873 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but they remain limited in their capacity to model certain features of human neural development. Specifically, current models do not efficiently incorporate extracellular matrix-derived biochemical and biophysical cues, facilitate multicellular spatio-temporal patterning, or achieve advanced functional maturation. Engineered biomaterials have the capacity to create increasingly biomimetic neural microenvironments, yet further refinement is needed before these approaches are widely implemented. This Review therefore highlights how continued progression and increased integration of engineered biomaterials may be well poised to address intractable challenges in recapitulating human neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien G Roth
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivian R Feig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry T Greely
- Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sergiu P Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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22
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Gushchina S, Yip PK, Parry GA, Sivakumar H, Li J, Liu M, Bo X. Alleviation of neuropathic pain by over-expressing a soluble colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor to suppress microgliosis and macrophage accumulation. Glia 2021; 69:2963-2980. [PMID: 34472629 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microglial proliferation and activation and macrophage accumulation are implicated in neuropathic pain development. In this study, we aim to suppress microgliosis and macrophage accumulation by over-expressing a non-functional soluble colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (sCSF1R) using an adeno-associated virus 9 vector (AAV9). AAV9/sCSF1R and the control vector AAV9/GFP were intrathecally administered into the lumbar spine of adult C57BL/6 mice. Two weeks later, these mice underwent partial sciatic nerve ligation to induce neuropathic pain. GFP and sCSF1R were highly expressed in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord of AAV9-injected mice. A significant increase in microglia densities in the dorsal and ventral horns of lumbar spinal cords and macrophage densities in DRG and sciatic nerves were observed in the mice with either ligation alone or pre-treated with AAV9/GFP. In nerve-ligated mice pre-treated with AAV9/sCSF1R the microglia densities in the dorsal and ventral horns and macrophage densities in DRG and sciatic nerves were significantly lower compared to nerve-ligated mice pre-treated with AAV9/GFP. Behavioral tests showed that nerve-ligated mice pre-treated with AAV9/sCSF1R had a significantly higher paw withdrawal threshold, indicating the alleviation of neuropathic pain. The results implicate that viral vector-mediated expression of sCSF1R may represent a novel strategy in the alleviation of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Gushchina
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Glesni A Parry
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Haripriya Sivakumar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jie Li
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Min Liu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xuenong Bo
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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23
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Hlavac N, Seroski DT, Agrawal NK, Astrab L, Liu R, Hudalla GA, Schmidt CE. Chondroitinase ABC/galectin-3 fusion proteins with hyaluronan-based hydrogels stabilize enzyme and provide targeted enzyme activity for neural applications. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34082409 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac07bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for central nervous system regeneration. Despite multiple beneficial outcomes for regeneration, translation of this enzyme is challenged by poor pharmacokinetics, localization, and stability.Approach. This study explored the function andin vitroapplication of engineered ChABC fused to galectin-3 (Gal3). Two previously developed ChABC-Gal3 oligomers (monomeric and trimeric) were evaluated for functionality and kinetics, then applied to anin vitrocellular outgrowth model using dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). The fusions were combined with two formulations of hyaluronan (HA)-based scaffolds to determine the extent of active enzyme release compared to wild type (WT) ChABC.Main Results. Monomeric and trimeric ChABC-Gal3 maintained digestive capabilities with kinetic properties that were substrate-dependent for chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C. The fusions had longer half-lives at 37 °C on the order of seven fold for monomer and twelve fold for trimer compared to WT. Both fusions were also effective at restoring DRG outgrowthin vitro. To create a combination approach, two triple-component hydrogels containing modified HA were formulated to match the mechanical properties of native spinal cord tissue and to support astrocyte viability (>80%) and adhesion. The hydrogels included collagen-I and laminin mixed with either 5 mg ml-1of glycidyl methacrylate HA or 3 mg ml-1Hystem. When combined with scaffolds, ChABC-Gal3 release time was lengthened compared to WT. Both fusions had measurable enzymatic activity for at least 10 d when incorporated in gels, compared to WT that lost activity after 1 d. These longer term release products from gels maintained adequate function to promote DRG outgrowth.Significance. Results of this study demonstrated cohesive benefits of two stabilized ChABC-Gal3 oligomers in combination with HA-based scaffolds for neural applications. Significant improvements to ChABC stability and release were achieved, meriting future studies of ChABC-Gal3/hydrogel combinations to target neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Dillon T Seroski
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nikunj K Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Leilani Astrab
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Renjie Liu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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24
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Sefiani A, Geoffroy CG. The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682259. [PMID: 34220440 PMCID: PMC8249862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there are approximately 291,000 people suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. SCI is associated with traumatic changes in mobility and neuralgia, as well as many other long-term chronic health complications, including metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Due to medical advances, patients with SCI survive much longer than previously. This increase in life expectancy exposes them to novel neurological complications such as memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, these usually age-associated disorders are more prevalent in people living with SCI. A common factor of these disorders is the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis. Inflammation, which is elevated after SCI, plays a major role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. While there is no clear consensus on the mechanism of the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition after SCI, we will examine in this review how SCI-induced inflammation could modulate hippocampal neurogenesis and provoke age-associated neurological disorders. Thereafter, we will discuss possible therapeutic options which may mitigate the influence of SCI associated complications on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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25
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Zhang Y, Al Mamun A, Yuan Y, Lu Q, Xiong J, Yang S, Wu C, Wu Y, Wang J. Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:417. [PMID: 33846780 PMCID: PMC8025476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating of all the traumatic conditions that afflict individuals. For a number of years, extensive studies have been conducted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of SCI. Experimental and clinical studies have indicated that two phases, primary damage and secondary damage, are involved in SCI. The initial mechanical damage is caused by local impairment of the spinal cord. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms are associated with hyperflexion, hyperextension, axial loading and rotation. By contrast, secondary injury mechanisms are led by systemic and cellular factors, which may also be initiated by the primary injury. Although significant advances in supportive care have improved clinical outcomes in recent years, a number of studies continue to explore specific pharmacological therapies to minimize SCI. The present review summarized some important pathophysiologic mechanisms that are involved in SCI and focused on several pharmacological and non‑pharmacological therapies, which have either been previously investigated or have a potential in the management of this debilitating injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P.R. China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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26
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McKenna M, Shackelford D, Ferreira Pontes H, Ball B, Nance E. Multiple Particle Tracking Detects Changes in Brain Extracellular Matrix and Predicts Neurodevelopmental Age. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8559-8573. [PMID: 33969999 PMCID: PMC8281364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain extracellular matrix (ECM) structure mediates many aspects of neural development and function. Probing structural changes in brain ECM could thus provide insights into mechanisms of neurodevelopment, the loss of neural function in response to injury, and the detrimental effects of pathological aging and neurological disease. We demonstrate the ability to probe changes in brain ECM microstructure using multiple particle tracking (MPT). We performed MPT of colloidally stable polystyrene nanoparticles in organotypic rat brain slices collected from rats aged 14-70 days old. Our analysis revealed an inverse relationship between nanoparticle diffusive ability in the brain extracellular space and age. Additionally, the distribution of effective ECM pore sizes in the cortex shifted to smaller pores throughout development. We used the raw data and features extracted from nanoparticle trajectories to train a boosted decision tree capable of predicting chronological age with high accuracy. Collectively, this work demonstrates the utility of combining MPT with machine learning for measuring changes in brain ECM structure and predicting associated complex features such as chronological age. This will enable further understanding of the roles brain ECM play in development and aging and the specific mechanisms through which injuries cause aberrant neuronal function. Additionally, this approach has the potential to develop machine learning models capable of detecting the presence of injury or indicating the extent of injury based on changes in the brain microenvironment microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David Shackelford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hugo Ferreira Pontes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brendan Ball
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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27
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Li S, Duan Q, Lu M, Wen X, Chen J, Tan S, Guo Y. CSPGs promote the migration of meningeal fibroblasts via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway under OGD conditions. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:37-44. [PMID: 33984430 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Usually glial scar that occurs after central nervous system injury has significantly affected the local neural microenvironment. Meningeal fibroblasts play an essential role in the formation of the glial scar. However, how and why meningeal fibroblasts migrate to lesion sites is still unclear. MAIN METHODS Astrocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury. And then, we measured the glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) expression of reactive astrocytes by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after they were co-cultured with meningeal fibroblasts. Following, we clarified the possibility that CSPGs induce the migration of meningeal fibroblasts to glial scar by transwell migration assay and the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway during the migration by western blot. KEY FINDINGS We found that co-cultured meningeal fibroblasts could alleviate the significantly increased expression of GFAP and CSPGs in the activation of reactive astrocytes induced by OGD/R. Additionally, CSPGs secreted by reactive astrocytes could induce the migration of meningeal fibroblasts and the expression of phospho-p38 in meningeal fibroblasts when meningeal fibroblasts were co-cultured with supernatant of reactive astrocytes. What's more, we could observe a noticeable increase in CSPGs that chondroitinase ABC could reverse their functions. Moreover, phospho-p38 could cause the expression of phospho-cofilin and the migration of CSPGs-induced meningeal fibroblasts. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides reliable evidence for explaining scar formation mechanisms and further studying to improve regeneration after an injury to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingrui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Wen
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tan
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Wingert JC, Sorg BA. Impact of Perineuronal Nets on Electrophysiology of Parvalbumin Interneurons, Principal Neurons, and Brain Oscillations: A Review. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:673210. [PMID: 34040511 PMCID: PMC8141737 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.673210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that surround specific neurons in the brain and spinal cord, appear during critical periods of development, and restrict plasticity during adulthood. Removal of PNNs can reinstate juvenile-like plasticity or, in cases of PNN removal during early developmental stages, PNN removal extends the critical plasticity period. PNNs surround mainly parvalbumin (PV)-containing, fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons in several brain regions. These inhibitory interneurons profoundly inhibit the network of surrounding neurons via their elaborate contacts with local pyramidal neurons, and they are key contributors to gamma oscillations generated across several brain regions. Among other functions, these gamma oscillations regulate plasticity associated with learning, decision making, attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. The detailed mechanisms by which PNN removal increases plasticity are only beginning to be understood. Here, we review the impact of PNN removal on several electrophysiological features of their underlying PV interneurons and nearby pyramidal neurons, including changes in intrinsic and synaptic membrane properties, brain oscillations, and how these changes may alter the integration of memory-related information. Additionally, we review how PNN removal affects plasticity-associated phenomena such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and paired-pulse ratio (PPR). The results are discussed in the context of the role of PV interneurons in circuit function and how PNN removal alters this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme C Wingert
- Program in Neuroscience, Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- Program in Neuroscience, Robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
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29
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Atiq Hassan, Nasir N, Muzammil K. Treatment Strategies to Promote Regeneration in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Models. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Sanchez-Hernandez A, Nicolas C, Gil-Miravet I, Guarque-Chabrera J, Solinas M, Miquel M. Time-dependent regulation of perineuronal nets in the cerebellar cortex during abstinence of cocaine-self administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1059-1068. [PMID: 33388819 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The probability of structural remodeling in brain circuits may be modulated by molecules of perineuronal nets (PNNs) that restrict neuronal plasticity to stabilize circuits. Animal research demonstrates that addictive drugs can remodel PNNs in different brain regions, including the cerebellum. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of short versus extended access to cocaine self-administration on PNN expression around Golgi interneurons in the cerebellar cortex after different periods of abstinence. METHODS After 1 week of training (2 h/day), Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered cocaine daily for 20 days under short (ShA) or extended (LgA) access. PNN expression in the cerebellum was assessed after 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days of forced abstinence. PNNs were immunolabeled using Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) and captured by confocal microscopy. RESULTS WFA intensity increased in PNN-bearing Golgi neurons over the abstinence period and a higher proportion of more intense PNNs were formed throughout the first month of abstinence. After the first 24 h of cocaine abstinence, however, we found a reduction in WFA intensity in the cerebellar cortex of rats with ShA to cocaine as compared to naïve animals. When comparing with naïve rats, LgA rats showed consistent PNN upregulation at 28 days of cocaine abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that cocaine self-administration produces modifications in PNN that enhance conditions for synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. These modifications are revealed shortly after the cessation of drug intake but PNNs become more intense during protracted abstinence in the LgA group, pointing to the stabilization of drug-induced synaptic changes. These findings indicate that extended access to cocaine self-administration dynamically regulates conditions for plasticity in the cerebellum during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Sanchez-Hernandez
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Celine Nicolas
- INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isis Gil-Miravet
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Julian Guarque-Chabrera
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Marcello Solinas
- INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat sn, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
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31
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Prager J, Ito D, Carwardine DR, Jiju P, Chari DM, Granger N, Wong LF. Delivery of chondroitinase by canine mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells alongside rehabilitation enhances recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113660. [PMID: 33647272 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause chronic paralysis and incontinence and remains a major worldwide healthcare burden, with no regenerative treatment clinically available. Intraspinal transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and injection of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) are both promising therapies but limited and unpredictable responses are seen, particularly in canine clinical trials. Sustained delivery of chABC presents a challenge due to its thermal instability; we hypothesised that transplantation of canine olfactory mucosal OECs genetically modified ex vivo by lentiviral transduction to express chABC (cOEC-chABC) would provide novel delivery of chABC and synergistic therapy. Rats were randomly divided into cOEC-chABC, cOEC, or vehicle transplanted groups and received transplant immediately after dorsal column crush corticospinal tract (CST) injury. Rehabilitation for forepaw reaching and blinded behavioural testing was conducted for 8 weeks. We show that cOEC-chABC transplanted animals recover greater forepaw reaching accuracy on Whishaw testing and more normal gait than cOEC transplanted or vehicle control rats. Increased CST axon sprouting cranial to the injury and serotonergic fibres caudal to the injury suggest a mechanism for recovery. We therefore demonstrate that cOECs can deliver sufficient chABC to drive modest functional improvement, and that this genetically engineered cellular and molecular approach is a feasible combination therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Prager
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Japan
| | | | - Prince Jiju
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Neural Tissue Engineering, Keele School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Nicolas Granger
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
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Raspa A, Carminati L, Pugliese R, Fontana F, Gelain F. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels for the stabilization and sustained release of active Chondroitinase ABC in vitro and in spinal cord injuries. J Control Release 2021; 330:1208-1219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Huntemer-Silveira A, Patil N, Brickner MA, Parr AM. Strategies for Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Repair in Traumatic CNS Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:619707. [PMID: 33505250 PMCID: PMC7829188 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.619707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major consequence of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury is the loss of the myelin sheath, a cholesterol-rich layer of insulation that wraps around axons of the nervous system. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin is produced and maintained by oligodendrocytes. Damage to the CNS may result in oligodendrocyte cell death and subsequent loss of myelin, which can have serious consequences for functional recovery. Demyelination impairs neuronal function by decelerating signal transmission along the axon and has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. After a traumatic injury, mechanisms of endogenous remyelination in the CNS are limited and often fail, for reasons that remain poorly understood. One area of research focuses on enhancing this endogenous response. Existing techniques include the use of small molecules, RNA interference (RNAi), and monoclonal antibodies that target specific signaling components of myelination for recovery. Cell-based replacement strategies geared towards replenishing oligodendrocytes and their progenitors have been utilized by several groups in the last decade as well. In this review article, we discuss the effects of traumatic injury on oligodendrocytes in the CNS, the lack of endogenous remyelination, translational studies in rodent models promoting remyelination, and finally human clinical studies on remyelination in the CNS after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandadevi Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Megan A. Brickner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Rodriguez-Jimenez FJ, Vilches A, Perez-Arago MA, Clemente E, Roman R, Leal J, Castro AA, Fustero S, Moreno-Manzano V, Jendelova P, Stojkovic M, Erceg S. Activation of Neurogenesis in Multipotent Stem Cells Cultured In Vitro and in the Spinal Cord Tissue After Severe Injury by Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:515-533. [PMID: 33000422 PMCID: PMC8116371 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) can induce neurogenesis, and the associated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via GSK-3 inhibition may represent a means to promote motor function recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) via increased astrocyte migration, reduced astrocyte apoptosis, and enhanced axonal growth. Herein, we assessed the effects of GSK-3 inhibition in vitro on the neurogenesis of ependymal stem/progenitor cells (epSPCs) resident in the mouse spinal cord and of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors (hESC-NPs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPs) and in vivo on spinal cord tissue regeneration and motor activity after SCI. We report that the treatment of epSPCs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors (hPSC-NPs) with the GSK-3 inhibitor Ro3303544 activates β-catenin signaling and increases the expression of the bIII-tubulin neuronal marker; furthermore, the differentiation of Ro3303544-treated cells prompted an increase in the number of terminally differentiated neurons. Administration of a water-soluble, bioavailable form of this GSK-3 inhibitor (Ro3303544-Cl) in a severe SCI mouse model revealed the increased expression of bIII-tubulin in the injury epicenter. Treatment with Ro3303544-Cl increased survival of mature neuron types from the propriospinal tract (vGlut1, Parv) and raphe tract (5-HT), protein kinase C gamma-positive neurons, and GABAergic interneurons (GAD65/67) above the injury epicenter. Moreover, we observed higher numbers of newly born BrdU/DCX-positive neurons in Ro3303544-Cl-treated animal tissues, a reduced area delimited by astrocyte scar borders, and improved motor function. Based on this study, we believe that treating animals with epSPCs or hPSC-NPs in combination with Ro3303544-Cl deserves further investigation towards the development of a possible therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel Vilches
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Amparo Perez-Arago
- National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Biomolecular Resources Platform PRB3, ISCIII, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eleonora Clemente
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Roman
- Organic Molecules Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juliette Leal
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Artero Castro
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Organic Molecules Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Victoria Moreno-Manzano
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neuroregeneration, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miodrag Stojkovic
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yufera 3, Valencia, Spain.
- National Stem Cell Bank-Valencia Node, Biomolecular Resources Platform PRB3, ISCIII, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neuroregeneration, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ahuja CS, Mothe A, Khazaei M, Badhiwala JH, Gilbert EA, van der Kooy D, Morshead CM, Tator C, Fehlings MG. The leading edge: Emerging neuroprotective and neuroregenerative cell-based therapies for spinal cord injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1509-1530. [PMID: 32691994 PMCID: PMC7695641 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are associated with tremendous physical, social, and financial costs for millions of individuals and families worldwide. Rapid delivery of specialized medical and surgical care has reduced mortality; however, long-term functional recovery remains limited. Cell-based therapies represent an exciting neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategy for SCI. This article summarizes the most promising preclinical and clinical cell approaches to date including transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, Schwann cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells, as well as strategies to activate endogenous multipotent cell pools. Throughout, we emphasize the fundamental biology of cell-based therapies, critical features in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, and the strengths and limitations of each approach. We also highlight salient completed and ongoing clinical trials worldwide and the bidirectional translation of their findings. We then provide an overview of key adjunct strategies such as trophic factor support to optimize graft survival and differentiation, engineered biomaterials to provide a support scaffold, electrical fields to stimulate migration, and novel approaches to degrade the glial scar. We also discuss important considerations when initiating a clinical trial for a cell therapy such as the logistics of clinical-grade cell line scale-up, cell storage and transportation, and the delivery of cells into humans. We conclude with an outlook on the future of cell-based treatments for SCI and opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Ahuja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Genetics and DevelopmentKrembil Research Institute, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Andrea Mothe
- Department of Genetics and DevelopmentKrembil Research Institute, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Department of Genetics and DevelopmentKrembil Research Institute, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jetan H. Badhiwala
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Emily A. Gilbert
- Division of Anatomy, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Cindi M. Morshead
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Charles Tator
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Genetics and DevelopmentKrembil Research Institute, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Genetics and DevelopmentKrembil Research Institute, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
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Chronic neuronal activation increases dynamic microtubules to enhance functional axon regeneration after dorsal root crush injury. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6131. [PMID: 33257677 PMCID: PMC7705672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
After a dorsal root crush injury, centrally-projecting sensory axons fail to regenerate across the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) to extend into the spinal cord. We find that chemogenetic activation of adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons improves axon growth on an in vitro model of the inhibitory environment after injury. Moreover, repeated bouts of daily chemogenetic activation of adult DRG neurons for 12 weeks post-crush in vivo enhances axon regeneration across a chondroitinase-digested DREZ into spinal gray matter, where the regenerating axons form functional synapses and mediate behavioral recovery in a sensorimotor task. Neuronal activation-mediated axon extension is dependent upon changes in the status of tubulin post-translational modifications indicative of highly dynamic microtubules (as opposed to stable microtubules) within the distal axon, illuminating a novel mechanism underlying stimulation-mediated axon growth. We have identified an effective combinatory strategy to promote functionally-relevant axon regeneration of adult neurons into the CNS after injury.
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-Based Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status and Challenges. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112517. [PMID: 33233861 PMCID: PMC7699962 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by irreversible cell damage, loss of neuronal cells and limited regeneration potential of the adult nervous system. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of differentiating into the multitude of cell types that compose the central and peripheral nervous systems and so have become the major focus of cell replacement therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cells have both been extensively studied as cell therapies in a wide range of neurodegenerative disease models in rodents and non-human primates, including Parkinson’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and pain. In this review, we discuss the latest progress made with stem cell therapies targeting these pathologies. We also evaluate the challenges in clinical application of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based therapies including risk of oncogenesis and tumor formation, immune rejection and difficulty in regeneration of the heterogeneous cell types composing the central nervous system.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gil Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Sim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Song
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Tae Joo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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39
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Engmann AK, Bizzozzero F, Schneider MP, Pfyffer D, Imobersteg S, Schneider R, Hofer AS, Wieckhorst M, Schwab ME. The Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus Plays a Significant Role in Locomotor Recovery after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8292-8305. [PMID: 32978289 PMCID: PMC7577599 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0474-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the brainstem has been seen as hardwired and poorly capable of plastic adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI). Data acquired over the past decades, however, suggest differently: following SCI in various animal models (lamprey, chick, rodents, nonhuman primates), different forms of spontaneous anatomic plasticity of reticulospinal projections, many of them originating from the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (NRG), have been observed. In line with these anatomic observations, animals and humans with incomplete SCI often show various degrees of spontaneous motor recovery of hindlimb/leg function. Here, we investigated the functional relevance of two different modes of reticulospinal fiber growth after cervical hemisection, local rewiring of axotomized projections at the lesion site versus compensatory outgrowth of spared axons, using projection-specific, adeno-associated virus-mediated chemogenetic neuronal silencing. Detailed assessment of joint movements and limb kinetics during overground locomotion in female adult rats showed that locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG fibers were responsible for different aspects of recovered forelimb and hindlimb functions (i.e., stability, strength, coordination, speed, or timing). During walking and swimming, both locally rewired as well as compensatory NRG plasticity were crucial for recovered function, while the contribution of locally rewired NRG plasticity to wading performance was limited. Our data demonstrate comprehensively that locally rewired as well as compensatory plasticity of reticulospinal axons functionally contribute to the observed spontaneous improvement of stepping performance after incomplete SCI and are at least partially causative to the observed recovery of function, which can also be observed in human patients with spinal hemisection lesions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Following unilateral hemisection of the spinal cord, reticulospinal projections are destroyed on the injured side, resulting in impaired locomotion. Over time, a high degree of recovery can be observed in lesioned animals, like in human hemicord patients. In the rat, recovery is accompanied by pronounced spontaneous plasticity of axotomized and spared reticulospinal axons. We demonstrate the causative relevance of locally rewired as well as compensatory reticulospinal plasticity for the recovery of locomotor functions following spinal hemisection, using chemogenetic tools to selectively silence newly formed connections in behaviorally recovered animals. Moving from a correlative to a causative understanding of the role of neuroanatomical plasticity for functional recovery is fundamental for successful translation of treatment approaches from experimental studies to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Engmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Bizzozzero
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc P Schneider
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Pfyffer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Imobersteg
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Schneider
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Sophie Hofer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wieckhorst
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lu T, Peng W, Liang Y, Li M, Li DS, Du KH, Zhu JH, Wu JH. PTEN-silencing combined with ChABC-overexpression in adipose-derived stem cells promotes functional recovery of spinal cord injury in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:420-426. [PMID: 32888649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of cell therapy after spinal cord injury (SCI) depend on the survival of transplanted cells. However, sterile microenvironment and glial scar hyperplasia extremely reduce their numbers. Our previous study found overexpression of ChABC gene is positively correlated to migration ability. Expression of PTEN gene is closely associated with proliferation. However, whether manipulation of PTEN and ChABC on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) promote motor recovery is unknown. This study aimed to promote hindlimb function recovery in SCI rats by enhancing proliferation and migration ability of ADSCs, transiently silencing expression of PTEN following overexpression of ChABC (double-gene modified ADSCs, DG-ADSCs). After PTEN silencing, we observed strong proliferation and accelerated G1-S transition in DG-ADSCs using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. In addition, we demonstrated that migration numbers of DG-ADSCs were higher than control group using Transwell assay. The protein and mRNA levels of MAP2 and βⅢ-tubulin in DG-ADSCs were increased compared with ADSCs. These results were further confirmed in SCI rats. Increased survival cells and reduction of glial scars were quantitatively analyzed in DG-ADSCs groups, which is definitely correlated to function recovery. Recovery of motor function was observed in DG-ADSCs treatment rats using BBB score, which emphasized that improved viability of transplanted cells and reduction of glial scars were an effective strategy for enhancing recovery of neurological function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai-Hui Du
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Huang Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Aggrecan, the Primary Weight-Bearing Cartilage Proteoglycan, Has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive Properties in Embryonic Development and Neurogenesis: Aggrecan Glycan Side Chain Modifications Convey Interactive Biodiversity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1244. [PMID: 32867198 PMCID: PMC7564073 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines aggrecan's roles in developmental embryonic tissues, in tissues undergoing morphogenetic transition and in mature weight-bearing tissues. Aggrecan is a remarkably versatile and capable proteoglycan (PG) with diverse tissue context-dependent functional attributes beyond its established role as a weight-bearing PG. The aggrecan core protein provides a template which can be variably decorated with a number of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains including keratan sulphate (KS), human natural killer trisaccharide (HNK-1) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). These convey unique tissue-specific functional properties in water imbibition, space-filling, matrix stabilisation or embryonic cellular regulation. Aggrecan also interacts with morphogens and growth factors directing tissue morphogenesis, remodelling and metaplasia. HNK-1 aggrecan glycoforms direct neural crest cell migration in embryonic development and is neuroprotective in perineuronal nets in the brain. The ability of the aggrecan core protein to assemble CS and KS chains at high density equips cartilage aggrecan with its well-known water-imbibing and weight-bearing properties. The importance of specific arrangements of GAG chains on aggrecan in all its forms is also a primary morphogenetic functional determinant providing aggrecan with unique tissue context dependent regulatory properties. The versatility displayed by aggrecan in biodiverse contexts is a function of its GAG side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards 2065, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards 2065, NSW, Australia
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Pu A, Mishra MK, Dong Y, Ghorbanigazar S, Stephenson EL, Rawji KS, Silva C, Kitagawa H, Sawcer S, Yong VW. The glycosyltransferase EXTL2 promotes proteoglycan deposition and injurious neuroinflammation following demyelination. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:220. [PMID: 32703234 PMCID: PMC7379813 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are potent inhibitors of axonal regrowth and remyelination. More recently, they have also been highlighted as a modulator of macrophage infiltration into the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an inflammatory model of multiple sclerosis. Methods We interrogated results from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) lying in or close to genes regulating CSPG metabolism in the summary results from two publicly available systematic studies of multiple sclerosis (MS) genetics. A demyelinating injury model in the spinal cord of exostosin-like 2 deficient (EXTL2-/-) mice was used to investigate the effects of dysregulation of EXTL2 on remyelination. Cell cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages and primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells and neurons were supplemented with purified CSPGs or conditioned media to assess potential mechanisms of action. Results The strongest evidence for genetic association was seen for SNPs mapping to the region containing the glycosyltransferase exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2), an enzyme that normally suppresses CSPG biosynthesis. Six of these SNPs showed genome-wide significant evidence for association in one of the studies with concordant and nominally significant effects in the second study. We then went on to show that a demyelinating injury to the spinal cord of EXTL2−/− mice resulted in excessive deposition of CSPGs in the lesion area. EXTL2−/− mice had exacerbated axonal damage and myelin disruption relative to wild-type mice, and increased representation of microglia/macrophages within lesions. In tissue culture, activated bone marrow-derived macrophages from EXTL2−/− mice overproduce tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Conclusions These results emphasize CSPGs as a prominent modulator of neuroinflammation and they highlight CSPGs accumulating in lesions in promoting axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Pu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Manoj K Mishra
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbanigazar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Erin L Stephenson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Claudia Silva
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, T2N 4 N1, Calgary, Canada. .,University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T3A 4X9, Canada.
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Sadik ME, Ozturk AK, Albayar A, Branche M, Sullivan PZ, Schlosser LO, Browne KD, Jaye AH, Smith DH. A Strategy Toward Bridging a Complete Spinal Cord Lesion Using Stretch-Grown Axons. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:623-635. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Ezra Sadik
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali K. Ozturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ahmed Albayar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc Branche
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Zadnik Sullivan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura O. Schlosser
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin D. Browne
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew H. Jaye
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Rodemer W, Zhang G, Sinitsa I, Hu J, Jin LQ, Li S, Selzer ME. PTPσ Knockdown in Lampreys Impairs Reticulospinal Axon Regeneration and Neuronal Survival After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:61. [PMID: 32265663 PMCID: PMC7096546 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in persistent functional deficits due to the lack of axon regeneration within the mammalian CNS. After SCI, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inhibit axon regrowth via putative interactions with the LAR-family protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPσ and LAR, localized on the injured axon tips. Unlike mammals, the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, robustly recovers locomotion after complete spinal cord transection (TX). Behavioral recovery is accompanied by heterogeneous yet predictable anatomical regeneration of the lamprey's reticulospinal (RS) system. The identified RS neurons can be categorized as "good" or "bad" regenerators based on the likelihood that their axons will regenerate. Those neurons that fail to regenerate their axons undergo a delayed form of caspase-mediated cell death. Previously, this lab reported that lamprey PTPσ mRNA is selectively expressed in "bad regenerator" RS neurons, preceding SCI-induced caspase activation. Consequently, we hypothesized that PTPσ deletion would reduce retrograde cell death and promote axon regeneration. Using antisense morpholino oligomers (MOs), we knocked down PTPσ expression after TX and assessed the effects on axon regeneration, caspase activation, intracellular signaling, and behavioral recovery. Unexpectedly, PTPσ knockdown significantly impaired RS axon regeneration at 10 weeks post-TX, primarily due to reduced long-term neuron survival. Interestingly, cell loss was not preceded by an increase in caspase or p53 activation. Behavioral recovery was largely unaffected, although PTPσ knockdowns showed mild deficits in the recovery of swimming distance and latency to immobility during open field swim assays. Although the mechanism underlying the cell death following TX and PTPσ knockdown remains unknown, this study suggests that PTPσ is not a net negative regulator of long tract axon regeneration in lampreys.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Rodemer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Isabelle Sinitsa
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianli Hu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li-qing Jin
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael E. Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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45
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Griffin JM, Bradke F. Therapeutic repair for spinal cord injury: combinatory approaches to address a multifaceted problem. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11505. [PMID: 32090481 PMCID: PMC7059014 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent years saw the advent of promising preclinical strategies that combat the devastating effects of a spinal cord injury (SCI) that are progressing towards clinical trials. However, individually, these treatments produce only modest levels of recovery in animal models of SCI that could hamper their implementation into therapeutic strategies in spinal cord injured humans. Combinational strategies have demonstrated greater beneficial outcomes than their individual components alone by addressing multiple aspects of SCI pathology. Clinical trial designs in the future will eventually also need to align with this notion. The scenario will become increasingly complex as this happens and conversations between basic researchers and clinicians are required to ensure accurate study designs and functional readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Griffin
- Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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46
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Hering TM, Beller JA, Calulot CM, Snow DM. Contributions of Chondroitin Sulfate, Keratan Sulfate and N-linked Oligosaccharides to Inhibition of Neurite Outgrowth by Aggrecan. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9020029. [PMID: 32059349 PMCID: PMC7168311 DOI: 10.3390/biology9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteoglycans in the central nervous system (CNS) is a rapidly evolving field and has major implications in the field of CNS injury. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) increase in abundance following damage to the spinal cord and inhibit neurite outgrowth. Major advances in understanding the interaction between outgrowing neurites and CSPGs has created a need for more robust and quantitative analyses to further our understanding of this interaction. We report the use of a high-throughput assay to determine the effect of various post-translational modifications of aggrecan upon neurite outgrowth from NS-1 cells (a PC12 cell line derivative). Aggrecan contains chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, and N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans), each susceptible to removal through different enzymatic digestions. Using a sequential digestion approach, we found that chondroitin sulfate and N-glycans, but not keratan sulfate, contribute to inhibition of neurite outgrowth by substrate-bound aggrecan. For the first time, we have shown that N-linked oligosaccharides on aggrecan contribute to its inhibition of neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Hering
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.M.C.); (D.M.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-288-1393
| | - Justin A. Beller
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.M.C.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Christopher M. Calulot
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.M.C.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Diane M. Snow
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.M.C.); (D.M.S.)
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Griffin JM, Fackelmeier B, Clemett CA, Fong DM, Mouravlev A, Young D, O'Carroll SJ. Astrocyte-selective AAV-ADAMTS4 gene therapy combined with hindlimb rehabilitation promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113232. [PMID: 32044329 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are inhibitors to axon regeneration and plasticity. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS4) is a human enzyme that catalyses the proteolysis of CSPG protein cores. Infusion of ADAMTS4 into the damaged spinal cord was previously shown to improve functional recovery SCI, however, this therapy is limited in its enzyme form. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector gene therapy has emerged as the vector of choice for safe, robust and long-term transgene expression in the central nervous system. Here, an AAV expression cassette containing ADAMTS4 under the control of the astrocytic GfaABC1D promoter was packaged into an AAV5 vector. Sustained expression of ADAMTS4 was achieved in vitro and in vivo leading to degradation of CSPGs. Compared to a contusion only group, AAV-ADAMTS4 resulted in significantly decreased lesion size, increased sprouting of hindlimb corticospinal tract axons, increased serotonergic fiber density caudal to a contusive spinal cord injury. Hindlimb-specific exercise rehabilitation was used to drive neuroplasticity towards improving functional connections. The combination of hindlimb rehabilitation with AAV-ADAMTS4 led to functional recovery after SCI compared to a contusion only group. Thus, long-term degradation of CSPGs through AAV-ADAMTS4 gene therapy in a combinational approach with rehabilitation represents a candidate for further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Griffin
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand.
| | - Barbara Fackelmeier
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand.
| | - Connor A Clemett
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand.
| | - Dahna M Fong
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand.
| | - Alexandre Mouravlev
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand.
| | - Deborah Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand.
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, New Zealand.
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Azizi M, Farahmandghavi F, Joghataei MT, Zandi M, Imani M, Bakhtiari M, Omidian H. ChABC-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: A comprehensive study on biocompatibility, functional recovery, and axonal regeneration in animal model of spinal cord injury. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119037. [PMID: 31953081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of physical disability. In this study, spherical PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing ChABC enzyme were manufactured and fully characterized for SCI therapy. The NPs were used in the rat's contused spinal cord to assess the functional improvement and scar digestion. Twenty-three adult male Wistar rats (275 ± 25 g) were assigned into four groups of control, sham, blank-treated particle, and ChABC-treated particle. Throughout the survey, the BBB scores were obtained for all the groups. Finally, the injured sections of animals were dissected, and histological studies were conducted using Luxol fast blue and Bielschowsky. The biocompatibility and non-toxicity effects of the NPs on olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) were confirmed by the MTT test. The flow-cytometry revealed the purity of cultured OECs with p75+/GFAP+ at around 87.9 ± 2.4%. Animals in the control and the blank-treated groups exhibited significantly lower BBB scores compared with the ChABC-treated particle group. Histological results confirmed the induced contusion models in the injured site. Myelin was observed in the treated groups, especially when the ChABC-loaded nanoparticles were utilized. The immunohistochemistry results indicated the scar glial degradation in animals treated by the ChABC-loaded particles. According to this study, the loaded particles can potentially serve as a suitable candidate for spinal cord repair, functional recovery and axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Azizi
- Anatomy Department, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 14536-33143 Ilam, Iran; Molecular and Cellular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhid Farahmandghavi
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14975/112, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Molecular and Cellular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of advance technology in medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Zandi
- Biomaterials Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14975/112, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14975/112, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiari
- Molecular and Cellular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, USA
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49
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Rezaei S, Dabirmanesh B, Zare L, Golestani A, Javan M, Khajeh K. Enhancing myelin repair in experimental model of multiple sclerosis using immobilized chondroitinase ABC I on porous silicon nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 146:162-170. [PMID: 31899243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Removal of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) with chondroitinase ABC I (ChABC) facilitates axonal plasticity, axonal regeneration and remyelination, following injury to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the ChABC rapidly undergoes thermal inactivity and needs to be injected repeatedly. Here this limitation was overcame by immobilizing the ChABC on porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles (ChABC@PSi). The efficacy of immobilized ChABC on CSPGs level and the demyelination insult was assessed in mice corpora callosa demyelinated by 6 weeks cuprizone (CPZ) feeding. ChABC@PSi was able to reduce the amount of CSPGs two weeks after animals treatment. CSPGs digestion by ChABC@PSi reduced the extent of demyelinated area as well as the astrogliosis. Furthermore, ChABC@PSi treatment increased the number of newly generated oligodendrocyte lineage cells which imply for enhanced myelin repair. Our results showed that effective CSPGs digestion by ChABC@PSi enhanced remyelination in CPZ model. Accordingly, ChABC@PSi may have a great potential to be used for treatment of diseases like multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury by promoting the regeneration of damaged nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Rezaei
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Fletcher EJR, Moon LDF, Duty S. Chondroitinase ABC reduces dopaminergic nigral cell death and striatal terminal loss in a 6-hydroxydopamine partial lesion mouse model of Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:61. [PMID: 31862005 PMCID: PMC6923832 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by dopaminergic cell loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that leads to reduced striatal dopamine content and resulting motor deficits. Identifying new strategies to protect these cells from degeneration and retain striatal dopaminergic innervation is therefore of great importance. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are recognised contributors to the inhibitory extracellular milieu known to hinder tissue recovery following CNS damage. Digestion of these molecules by the bacterial lyase chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has been shown to promote functional recovery in animal models of neurological injury. Although ChABC has been shown to promote sprouting of dopaminergic axons following transection of the nigrostriatal pathway, its ability to protect against nigrostriatal degeneration in a toxin-based module with better construct validity for PD has yet to be explored. Here we examined the neuroprotective efficacy of ChABC treatment in the full and partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion mouse models of PD. Results In mice bearing a full 6-OHDA lesion, ChABC treatment failed to protect against the loss of either nigral cells or striatal terminals. In contrast, in mice bearing a partial 6-OHDA lesion, ChABC treatment significantly protected cells of the rostral SNc, which remained at more than double the numbers seen in vehicle-treated animals. In the partial lesion model, ChABC treatment also significantly preserved dopaminergic fibres of the rostral dorsal striatum which increased from 15.3 ± 3.5% of the intact hemisphere in saline-treated animals to 36.3 ± 6.5% in the ChABC-treated group. These protective effects of ChABC treatment were not accompanied by improvements in either the cylinder or amphetamine-induced rotations tests of motor function. Conclusions ChABC treatment provided significant protection against a partial 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal tract although the degree of protection was not sufficient to improve motor outcomes. These results support further investigations into the benefits of ChABC treatment for providing neuroprotection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J R Fletcher
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Susan Duty
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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