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Ma R, Chen L, Hu N, Caplan S, Hu G. Cilia and Extracellular Vesicles in Brain Development and Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1020-1029. [PMID: 37956781 PMCID: PMC11087377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary and motile cilia are thin, hair-like cellular projections from the cell surface involved in movement, sensing, and communication between cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells and contain various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are delivered to and influence the behavior of other cells. Both cilia and EVs are essential for the normal functioning of brain cells, and their malfunction can lead to several neurological diseases. Cilia and EVs can interact with each other in several ways, and this interplay plays a crucial role in facilitating various biological processes, including cell-to-cell communication, tissue homeostasis, and pathogen defense. Cilia and EV crosstalk in the brain is an emerging area of research. Herein, we summarize the detailed molecular mechanisms of cilia and EV interplay and address the ciliary molecules that are involved in signaling and cellular dysfunction in brain development and diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical use of cilia and EVs in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ningyun Hu
- Millard West High School, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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2
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Johansson Y, Andreassen M, Hartsch M, Wagner S, Forsby A. Attenuated neuronal differentiation caused by acrylamide is not related to oxidative stress in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114623. [PMID: 38554842 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a known neurotoxicant and developmental neurotoxicant. As a soft electrophile, ACR reacts with thiol groups in cysteine. One hypothesis of ACR induced neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is conjugation with reduced glutathione (GSH) leading to GSH depletion, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and further oxidative stress and cellular damage. In this regard, we have investigated the effect of ACR on neuronal differentiation, glutathione levels and ROS production in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell model. After 9 days of differentiation and exposure, ACR significantly impaired area neurites per cell at non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.33 μM and 10 μM). Furthermore, 10 μM ACR dysregulated 9 mRNA markers important for neuronal development, 5 of them being associated with cytoskeleton organization and axonal guidance. At the non-cytotoxic concentrations that significantly attenuate neuronal differentiation, ACR did neither decrease the level of GSH or total glutathione levels, nor increased ROS production. In addition, the expression of 5 mRNA markers for cellular stress was assessed with no significant altered regulation after ACR exposure up to 320 μM. Thus, ACR-induced DNT is not due to GSH depletion and increased ROS production, neither at non-cytotoxic nor cytotoxic concentrations, in the SH-SH5Y model during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Johansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mathilda Andreassen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muriel Hartsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stella Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Hoving JJA, Harford-Wright E, Wingfield-Digby P, Cattin AL, Campana M, Power A, Morgan T, Torchiaro E, Quereda V, Lloyd AC. N-cadherin directs the collective Schwann cell migration required for nerve regeneration through Slit2/3-mediated contact inhibition of locomotion. eLife 2024; 13:e88872. [PMID: 38591541 PMCID: PMC11052573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is fundamental for the development of organisms and in the adult for tissue regeneration and in pathological conditions such as cancer. Migration as a coherent group requires the maintenance of cell-cell interactions, while contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), a local repulsive force, can propel the group forward. Here we show that the cell-cell interaction molecule, N-cadherin, regulates both adhesion and repulsion processes during Schwann cell (SC) collective migration, which is required for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, distinct from its role in cell-cell adhesion, the repulsion process is independent of N-cadherin trans-homodimerisation and the associated adherens junction complex. Rather, the extracellular domain of N-cadherin is required to present the repulsive Slit2/Slit3 signal at the cell surface. Inhibiting Slit2/Slit3 signalling inhibits CIL and subsequently collective SC migration, resulting in adherent, nonmigratory cell clusters. Moreover, analysis of ex vivo explants from mice following sciatic nerve injury showed that inhibition of Slit2 decreased SC collective migration and increased clustering of SCs within the nerve bridge. These findings provide insight into how opposing signals can mediate collective cell migration and how CIL pathways are promising targets for inhibiting pathological cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian JA Hoving
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Harford-Wright
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Patrick Wingfield-Digby
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne-Laure Cattin
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mariana Campana
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex Power
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toby Morgan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Erica Torchiaro
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Victor Quereda
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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4
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Li J, Jaiswal MK, Chien JF, Kozlenkov A, Jung J, Zhou P, Gardashli M, Pregent LJ, Engelberg-Cook E, Dickson DW, Belzil VV, Mukamel EA, Dracheva S. Divergent single cell transcriptome and epigenome alterations in ALS and FTD patients with C9orf72 mutation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5714. [PMID: 37714849 PMCID: PMC10504300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A repeat expansion in the C9orf72 (C9) gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here we investigate single nucleus transcriptomics (snRNA-seq) and epigenomics (snATAC-seq) in postmortem motor and frontal cortices from C9-ALS, C9-FTD, and control donors. C9-ALS donors present pervasive alterations of gene expression with concordant changes in chromatin accessibility and histone modifications. The greatest alterations occur in upper and deep layer excitatory neurons, as well as in astrocytes. In neurons, the changes imply an increase in proteostasis, metabolism, and protein expression pathways, alongside a decrease in neuronal function. In astrocytes, the alterations suggest activation and structural remodeling. Conversely, C9-FTD donors have fewer high-quality neuronal nuclei in the frontal cortex and numerous gene expression changes in glial cells. These findings highlight a context-dependent molecular disruption in C9-ALS and C9-FTD, indicating unique effects across cell types, brain regions, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, US
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Friedman Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, US
| | - Jo-Fan Chien
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, US
| | - Alexey Kozlenkov
- Friedman Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, US
| | - Jinyoung Jung
- Friedman Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, US
| | - Ping Zhou
- Friedman Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, US
| | | | - Luc J Pregent
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, US
| | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, US
| | | | - Eran A Mukamel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, US.
| | - Stella Dracheva
- Friedman Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, US.
- Research & Development and VISN2 MIREC, James J, Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, US.
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5
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Karakatsani A, Álvarez-Vergara MI, de Almodóvar CR. The vasculature of neurogenic niches: Properties and function. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203841. [PMID: 37060947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. In these areas, NSCs and their progeny integrate intrinsic signals and extrinsic cues provided by their microenvironment that control their behavior. The vasculature in the SVZ and SGZ, and the choroid plexus (ChP) in the SVZ, have emerged as critical compartments of the neurogenic niches as they provide a rich repertoire of cues to regulate NSC quiescence, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. Physical contact between NSCs and blood vessels is also a feature within the niches and supports different processes such as quiescence, migration and vesicle transport. In this review, we provide a description of the brain and choroid plexus vasculature in both stem cell niches, highlighting the main properties and role of the vasculature in each niche. We also summarize the current understanding of how blood vessel- and ChP-derived signals influence the behavior of NSCs in physiological adulthood, as well as upon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromachi Karakatsani
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - María I Álvarez-Vergara
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodóvar
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Schlegel Chair for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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6
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Geribaldi-Doldán N, Carrascal L, Pérez-García P, Oliva-Montero JM, Pardillo-Díaz R, Domínguez-García S, Bernal-Utrera C, Gómez-Oliva R, Martínez-Ortega S, Verástegui C, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Migratory Response of Cells in Neurogenic Niches to Neuronal Death: The Onset of Harmonic Repair? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6587. [PMID: 37047560 PMCID: PMC10095545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmonic mechanisms orchestrate neurogenesis in the healthy brain within specific neurogenic niches, which generate neurons from neural stem cells as a homeostatic mechanism. These newly generated neurons integrate into existing neuronal circuits to participate in different brain tasks. Despite the mechanisms that protect the mammalian brain, this organ is susceptible to many different types of damage that result in the loss of neuronal tissue and therefore in alterations in the functionality of the affected regions. Nevertheless, the mammalian brain has developed mechanisms to respond to these injuries, potentiating its capacity to generate new neurons from neural stem cells and altering the homeostatic processes that occur in neurogenic niches. These alterations may lead to the generation of new neurons within the damaged brain regions. Notwithstanding, the activation of these repair mechanisms, regeneration of neuronal tissue within brain injuries does not naturally occur. In this review, we discuss how the different neurogenic niches respond to different types of brain injuries, focusing on the capacity of the progenitors generated in these niches to migrate to the injured regions and activate repair mechanisms. We conclude that the search for pharmacological drugs that stimulate the migration of newly generated neurons to brain injuries may result in the development of therapies to repair the damaged brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M. Oliva-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Bernal-Utrera
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
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Martončíková M, Alexovič Matiašová A, Ševc J, Račeková E. Relationship between Blood Vessels and Migration of Neuroblasts in the Olfactory Neurogenic Region of the Rodent Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11506. [PMID: 34768936 PMCID: PMC8583928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursors originating in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic region of the adult brain, migrate several millimeters along a restricted migratory pathway, the rostral migratory stream (RMS), toward the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into interneurons and integrate into the local neuronal circuits. Migration of SVZ-derived neuroblasts in the adult brain differs in many aspects from that in the embryonic period. Unlike in that period, postnatally-generated neuroblasts in the SVZ are able to divide during migration along the RMS, as well as they migrate independently of radial glia. The homophilic mode of migration, i.e., using each other to move, is typical for neuroblast movement in the RMS. In addition, it has recently been demonstrated that specifically-arranged blood vessels navigate SVZ-derived neuroblasts to the OB and provide signals which promote migration. Here we review the development of vasculature in the presumptive neurogenic region of the rodent brain during the embryonic period as well as the development of the vascular scaffold guiding neuroblast migration in the postnatal period, and the significance of blood vessel reorganization during the early postnatal period for proper migration of RMS neuroblasts in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Martončíková
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Anna Alexovič Matiašová
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (A.A.M.); (J.Š.)
| | - Juraj Ševc
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (A.A.M.); (J.Š.)
| | - Enikő Račeková
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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Planques A, Oliveira Moreira V, Benacom D, Bernard C, Jourdren L, Blugeon C, Dingli F, Masson V, Loew D, Prochiantz A, Di Nardo AA. OTX2 Homeoprotein Functions in Adult Choroid Plexus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8951. [PMID: 34445655 PMCID: PMC8396604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus is an important blood barrier that secretes cerebrospinal fluid, which essential for embryonic brain development and adult brain homeostasis. The OTX2 homeoprotein is a transcription factor that is critical for choroid plexus development and remains highly expressed in adult choroid plexus. Through RNA sequencing analyses of constitutive and conditional knockdown adult mouse models, we reveal putative functional roles for OTX2 in adult choroid plexus function, including cell signaling and adhesion, and show that OTX2 regulates the expression of factors that are secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, notably transthyretin. We also show that Otx2 expression impacts choroid plexus immune and stress responses, and affects splicing, leading to changes in the mRNA isoforms of proteins that are implicated in the oxidative stress response and DNA repair. Through mass spectrometry analysis of OTX2 protein partners in the choroid plexus, and in known non-cell-autonomous target regions, such as the visual cortex and subventricular zone, we identify putative targets that are involved in cell adhesion, chromatin structure, and RNA processing. Thus, OTX2 retains important roles for regulating choroid plexus function and brain homeostasis throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Planques
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (A.P.); (V.O.M.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Vanessa Oliveira Moreira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (A.P.); (V.O.M.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (A.P.)
| | - David Benacom
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (A.P.); (V.O.M.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Clémence Bernard
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (A.P.); (V.O.M.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (L.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (L.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France; (F.D.); (V.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Vanessa Masson
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France; (F.D.); (V.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France; (F.D.); (V.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (A.P.); (V.O.M.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Neurosciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ariel A. Di Nardo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; (A.P.); (V.O.M.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (A.P.)
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9
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Wurmser M, Muppavarapu M, Tait CM, Laumonnerie C, González-Castrillón LM, Wilson SI. Robo2 Receptor Gates the Anatomical Divergence of Neurons Derived From a Common Precursor Origin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668175. [PMID: 34249921 PMCID: PMC8263054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory information relayed to the brain is dependent on complex, yet precise spatial organization of neurons. This anatomical complexity is generated during development from a surprisingly small number of neural stem cell domains. This raises the question of how neurons derived from a common precursor domain respond uniquely to their environment to elaborate correct spatial organization and connectivity. We addressed this question by exploiting genetically labeled mouse embryonic dorsal interneuron 1 (dI1) neurons that are derived from a common precursor domain and give rise to spinal projection neurons with distinct organization of cell bodies with axons projecting either commissurally (dI1c) or ipsilaterally (dI1i). In this study, we examined how the guidance receptor, Robo2, which is a canonical Robo receptor, influenced dI1 guidance during embryonic development. Robo2 was enriched in embryonic dI1i neurons, and loss of Robo2 resulted in misguidance of dI1i axons, whereas dI1c axons remained unperturbed within the mantle zone and ventral commissure. Further, Robo2 profoundly influenced dI1 cell body migration, a feature that was partly dependent on Slit2 signaling. These data suggest that dI1 neurons are dependent on Robo2 for their organization. This work integrated with the field support of a model whereby canonical Robo2 vs. non-canonical Robo3 receptor expression facilitates projection neurons derived from a common precursor domain to read out the tissue environment uniquely giving rise to correct anatomical organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Wurmser
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Ivy Wilson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Li J, Sun L, Peng XL, Yu XM, Qi SJ, Lu ZJ, Han JDJ, Shen Q. Integrative genomic analysis of early neurogenesis reveals a temporal genetic program for differentiation and specification of preplate and Cajal-Retzius neurons. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009355. [PMID: 33760820 PMCID: PMC7990179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the developing neocortex begins with the generation of the preplate, which consists of early-born neurons including Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells and subplate neurons. Here, utilizing the Ebf2-EGFP transgenic mouse in which EGFP initially labels the preplate neurons then persists in CR cells, we reveal the dynamic transcriptome profiles of early neurogenesis and CR cell differentiation. Genome-wide RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses at multiple early neurogenic stages have revealed the temporal gene expression dynamics of early neurogenesis and distinct histone modification patterns in early differentiating neurons. We have identified a new set of coding genes and lncRNAs involved in early neuronal differentiation and validated with functional assays in vitro and in vivo. In addition, at E15.5 when Ebf2-EGFP+ cells are mostly CR neurons, single-cell sequencing analysis of purified Ebf2-EGFP+ cells uncovers molecular heterogeneities in CR neurons, but without apparent clustering of cells with distinct regional origins. Along a pseudotemporal trajectory these cells are classified into three different developing states, revealing genetic cascades from early generic neuronal differentiation to late fate specification during the establishment of CR neuron identity and function. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing the early differentiation steps during cortical development, especially CR neuron differentiation. Neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the embryonic brain give rise to neurons following a precise temporal order after initial expansion. Early-born neurons including Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells and subplate neurons form the preplate in the developing cerebral cortex, then CR neurons occupy the layer 1, playing an important role in cortical histogenesis. The molecular mechanisms governing the early neuronal differentiation processes remain to be explored. Here, by genome-wide approaches including bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we comprehensively characterized the temporal dynamic gene expression profile and epigenetic status at different stages during early cortical development and uncovered molecularly heterogeneous subpopulations within the CR cells. We revealed CR neuron signatures and cell type-specific histone modification patterns along early neuron specification. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we identified novel lncRNAs as potential functional regulators in preplate differentiation and CR neuron identity establishment. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic and epigenetic programs during neuronal differentiation and would help bring new insights into the early cortical neurogenesis process, particularly the differentiation of CR neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- PTN graduate program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- PTN graduate program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Jun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi John Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong J. Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Méndez-Ruette M, Ortloff A, Luz-Crawford P, Rivera FJ, Figueroa CD, Molina L, Bátiz LF. The Impact of Estrogen and Estrogen-Like Molecules in Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration: Beneficial or Harmful? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:636176. [PMID: 33762910 PMCID: PMC7984366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.636176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogen-like molecules can modify the biology of several cell types. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, while the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) represents a non-classical estrogen receptor mainly located in the plasma membrane. As estrogen receptors are ubiquitously distributed, they can modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in several tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Estrogens can exert neuroprotective roles by acting as anti-oxidants, promoting DNA repair, inducing the expression of growth factors, and modulating cerebral blood flow. Additionally, estrogen-dependent signaling pathways are involved in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), thus influencing neurogenic processes. Since several estrogen-based therapies are used nowadays and estrogen-like molecules, including phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens, are omnipresent in our environment, estrogen-dependent changes in cell biology and tissue homeostasis have gained attention in human health and disease. This article provides a comprehensive literature review on the current knowledge of estrogen and estrogen-like molecules and their impact on cell survival and neurodegeneration, as well as their role in NSPCs proliferation/differentiation balance and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maxs Méndez-Ruette
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Ortloff
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Immunology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Bátiz
- Neuroscience Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Sex-Specific Role for SLIT1 in Regulating Stress Susceptibility. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 91:81-91. [PMID: 33896623 PMCID: PMC8390577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a pervasive and debilitating syndrome characterized by mood disturbances, anhedonia, and alterations in cognition. While the prevalence of major depressive disorder is twice as high for women as men, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that drive sex differences in depression susceptibility. METHODS We discovered that SLIT1, a secreted protein essential for axonal navigation and molecular guidance during development, is downregulated in the adult ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) of women with depression compared with healthy control subjects, but not in men with depression. This sex-specific downregulation of Slit1 was also observed in the vmPFC of mice exposed to chronic variable stress. To identify a causal, sex-specific role for SLIT1 in depression-related behavioral abnormalities, we performed knockdown (KD) of Slit1 expression in the vmPFC of male and female mice. RESULTS When combined with stress exposure, vmPFC Slit1 KD reflected the human condition by inducing a sex-specific increase in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Furthermore, we found that vmPFC Slit1 KD decreased the dendritic arborization of vmPFC pyramidal neurons and decreased the excitability of the neurons in female mice, effects not observed in males. RNA sequencing analysis of the vmPFC after Slit1 KD in female mice revealed an augmented transcriptional stress signature. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings establish a crucial role for SLIT1 in regulating neurophysiological and transcriptional responses to stress within the female vmPFC and provide mechanistic insight into novel signaling pathways and molecular factors influencing sex differences in depression susceptibility.
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13
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Bressan C, Saghatelyan A. Intrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Neuronal Migration in the Postnatal Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:620379. [PMID: 33519385 PMCID: PMC7838331 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.620379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a fundamental brain development process that allows cells to move from their birthplaces to their sites of integration. Although neuronal migration largely ceases during embryonic and early postnatal development, neuroblasts continue to be produced and to migrate to a few regions of the adult brain such as the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the SVZ, a large number of neuroblasts migrate into the olfactory bulb (OB) along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Neuroblasts migrate in chains in a tightly organized micro-environment composed of astrocytes that ensheath the chains of neuroblasts and regulate their migration; the blood vessels that are used by neuroblasts as a physical scaffold and a source of molecular factors; and axons that modulate neuronal migration. In addition to diverse sets of extrinsic micro-environmental cues, long-distance neuronal migration involves a number of intrinsic mechanisms, including membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling, Ca2+ signaling, mitochondria dynamics, energy consumption, and autophagy. All these mechanisms are required to cope with the different micro-environment signals and maintain cellular homeostasis in order to sustain the proper dynamics of migrating neuroblasts and their faithful arrival in the target regions. Neuroblasts in the postnatal brain not only migrate into the OB but may also deviate from their normal path to migrate to a site of injury induced by a stroke or by certain neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will focus on the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate long-distance neuroblast migration in the adult brain and on how these pathways may be modulated to control the recruitment of neuroblasts to damaged/diseased brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bressan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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14
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Ribeiro FF, Xapelli S. An Overview of Adult Neurogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1331:77-94. [PMID: 34453294 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74046-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is maintained in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood in two main regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Adult neurogenesis is a process composed of multiple steps by which neurons are generated from dividing adult neural stem cells and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Alterations in any of these steps impair neurogenesis and may compromise brain function, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate adult neurogenesis is the centre of attention of regenerative research. In this chapter, we review the main properties of the adult neurogenic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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15
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Fontán-Lozano Á, Morcuende S, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA, Benítez-Temiño B, Mejías R, Matarredona ER. To Become or Not to Become Tumorigenic: Subventricular Zone Versus Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602217. [PMID: 33330101 PMCID: PMC7729188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the adult mammalian brain in two neurogenic regions: the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Compelling evidence suggests that NSCs of the subventricular zone could be the cell type of origin of glioblastoma, the most devastating brain tumor. Studies in glioblastoma patients revealed that NSCs of the tumor-free subventricular zone, harbor cancer-driver mutations that were found in the tumor cells but were not present in normal cortical tissue. Endogenous mutagenesis can also take place in hippocampal NSCs. However, to date, no conclusive studies have linked hippocampal mutations with glioblastoma development. In addition, glioblastoma cells often invade or are closely located to the subventricular zone, whereas they do not tend to infiltrate into the hippocampus. In this review we will analyze possible causes by which subventricular zone NSCs might be more susceptible to malignant transformation than their hippocampal counterparts. Cellular and molecular differences between the two neurogenic niches, as well as genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of their respective NSCs will be discussed regarding why the cell type originating glioblastoma brain tumors has been linked mainly to subventricular zone, but not to hippocampal NSCs.
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16
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Ikegaya S, Iga Y, Mikawa S, Zhou L, Abe M, Sakimura K, Sato K, Yamagishi S. Decreased Proliferation in the Neurogenic Niche, Disorganized Neuroblast Migration, and Increased Oligodendrogenesis in Adult Netrin-5-Deficient Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:570974. [PMID: 33324143 PMCID: PMC7726356 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.570974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult mouse brain, neurogenesis occurs mainly in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Neuroblasts generated in the V-SVZ migrate to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in response to guidance molecules, such as netrin-1. We previously showed that the related netrin-5 (NTN5) is expressed in Mash1-positive transit-amplifying cells and doublecortin-positive neuroblasts in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, the RMS, and the subgranular zone of the adult mouse brain. However, the precise role of NTN5 in adult neurogenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we show that proliferation in the neurogenic niche is impaired in NTN5 knockout mice. The number of proliferating (EdU-labeled) cells in NTN5 KO mice was significantly lower in the V-SVZ, whereas the number of Ki67-positive proliferating cells was unchanged, suggesting a longer cell cycle and decreased cell division in NTN5 KO mice. The number of EdU-labeled cells in the RMS and olfactory bulb was unchanged. By contrast, the numbers of EdU-labeled cells in the cortex, basal ganglia/lateral septal nucleus, and corpus callosum/anterior commissure were increased, which largely represented oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Lastly, we found that chain migration in the RMS of NTN5 KO mice was disorganized. These findings suggest that NTN5 may play important roles in promoting proliferation in the V-SVZ niche, organizing proper chain migration in the RMS, and suppressing oligodendrogenesis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ikegaya
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yurika Iga
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Sumiko Mikawa
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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17
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Deboux C, Spigoni G, Caillava C, Garcia-Diaz B, Ypsilanti A, Sarrazin N, Bachelin C, Chédotal A, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Slit1 Protein Regulates SVZ-Derived Precursor Mobilization in the Adult Demyelinated CNS. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:168. [PMID: 32670024 PMCID: PMC7332780 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Slit1 is a secreted axon guidance molecule, also involved in adult neurogenesis. In physiological conditions, Slit1 loss promotes ectopic dispersal of SVZ-derived neural precursors (SVZ-NPCs) into periventricular structures such as the corpus callosum. Demyelination of the corpus callosum triggers SVZ-NPC migration to ectopic locations and their recruitment by the lesion, suggesting a possible role for Slit1 in SVZ-NPCs ectopic dispersal regulation in pathological conditions. Here, we have investigated the function of Slit1 protein in the recruitment of SVZ-NPCs after CNS demyelination. We find that the dynamics of oligodendrogenesis and temporal profile of developmental myelination in Slit1–/– mice are similar to Slit1+/− controls. SVZ micro-dissection and RT-PCR from wild-type mice, show that Slits and Robos are physiologically regulated at the transcriptional level in response to corpus callosum demyelination suggesting their role in the process of SVZ-NPC ectopic migration in demyelinating conditions. Moreover, we find that the number of SVZ-NPCs recruited by the lesion increases in Sli1–/– mice compared to Slit1+/− mice, leading to higher numbers of Olig2+ cells within the lesion. Time-lapse video-microscopy of immuno-purified NPCs shows that Slit1-deficient cells migrate faster and make more frequent directional changes than control NPCs, supporting a cell-autonomous mechanism of action of Slit1 in NPC migration. In conclusion, while Slit1 does not affect the normal developmental process of oligodendrogenesis and myelination, it regulates adult SVZ-NPC ectopic migration in response to demyelination, and consequently oligodendrocyte renewal within the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Deboux
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - G Spigoni
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - C Caillava
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - B Garcia-Diaz
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - A Ypsilanti
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - N Sarrazin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - C Bachelin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
| | - A Chédotal
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - A Baron-Van Evercooren
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UM75, Paris, France
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18
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Rezaei-Lotfi S, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Coupled cycling programs multicellular self-organization of neural progenitors. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2040-2054. [PMID: 31286803 PMCID: PMC6681778 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1638692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organization is central to the morphogenesis of multicellular organisms. However, the molecular platform that coordinates the robust emergence of complex morphological patterns from local interactions between cells remains unresolved. Here we demonstrate that neural self- organization is driven by coupled cycling of progenitor cells. In a coupled cycling mode, intercellular contacts relay extrinsic cues to override the intrinsic cycling rhythm of an individual cell and synchronize the population. The stringency of coupling and hence the synchronicity of the population is programmed by recruitment of a key coupler, β-catenin, into junctional complexes. As such, multicellular self-organization is driven by the same basic mathematical principle that governs synchronized behavior of macro-scale biological systems as diverse as the synchronized chirping of crickets, flashing of fireflies and schooling of fish; that is synchronization by coupling. It is proposed that coupled cycling foreshadows a fundamental adaptive change that facilitated evolution and diversification of multicellular life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rezaei-Lotfi
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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20
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OTX2 Signals from the Choroid Plexus to Regulate Adult Neurogenesis. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0262-18.2019. [PMID: 31064838 PMCID: PMC6506823 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0262-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and migration during adult neurogenesis are regulated by a microenvironment of signaling molecules originating from local vasculature, from CSF produced by the choroid plexus, and from local supporting cells including astrocytes. Here, we focus on the function of OTX2 homeoprotein transcription factor in the mouse adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), which generates olfactory bulb neurons. We find that OTX2 secreted by choroid plexus is transferred to the supporting cells of the V-SVZ and rostral migratory stream. Deletion of Otx2 in choroid plexus affects neuroblast migration and reduces the number of olfactory bulb newborn neurons. Adult neurogenesis was also decreased by expressing secreted single-chain antibodies to sequester OTX2 in the CSF, demonstrating the importance of non-cell-autonomous OTX2. We show that OTX2 activity modifies extracellular matrix components and signaling molecules produced by supporting astrocytes. Thus, we reveal a multilevel and non-cell-autonomous role of a homeoprotein and reinforce the choroid plexus and astrocytes as key niche compartments affecting adult neurogenesis.
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21
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Fujioka T, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K. Blood vessels as a scaffold for neuronal migration. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:69-73. [PMID: 30851365 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis and angiogenesis share regulatory factors that contribute to the formation of vascular networks and neuronal circuits in the brain. While crosstalk mechanisms between neural stem cells (NSCs) and the vasculature have been extensively investigated, recent studies have provided evidence that blood vessels also play an essential role in neuronal migration in the brain during development and regeneration. The mechanisms of the neuronal migration along blood vessels, referred to as "vascular-guided migration," are now being elucidated. The vascular endothelial cells secrete soluble factors that attract and promote neuronal migration in collaboration with astrocytes that enwrap the blood vessels. In addition, especially in the adult brain, the blood vessels serve as a migration scaffold for adult-born immature neurons generated in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), a germinal zone surrounding the lateral ventricles. The V-SVZ-derived immature neurons use the vascular scaffold to assist their migration toward an injured area after ischemic stroke, and contribute to neuronal regeneration. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of vasculature in neuronal migration and the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. While most of this research has been done in rodents, a comprehensive understanding of vasculature-guided neuronal migration could contribute to new therapeutic approaches for increasing new neurons in the brain after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Fujioka
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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22
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Taroc EZM, Lin JM, Tulloch AJ, Jaworski A, Forni PE. GnRH-1 Neural Migration From the Nose to the Brain Is Independent From Slit2, Robo3 and NELL2 Signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:70. [PMID: 30881290 PMCID: PMC6406018 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons play a pivotal role in controlling pubertal onset and fertility once they reach their hypothalamic location. During embryonic development, GnRH-1 neurons migrate from the nasal area to the hypothalamus where they modulate gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland. Defective migration of the GnRH-1 neurons to the brain, lack of GnRH-1 secretion or signaling cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), a pathology characterized by delayed or absence of puberty. Binding of the guidance cue Slit2 to the receptor roundabout 3 (Robo3) has been proposed to modulate GnRH-1 cell motility and basal forebrain (bFB) access during migration. However, evidence suggests that Neural EGFL Like 2 (NELL2), not Slit2, binds to Robo3. To resolve this discrepancy, we analyzed GnRH-1 neuronal migration in NELL2, Robo3, and Slit2 knock-out mouse lines. Our data do not confirm a negative effect for monogenic Robo3 and Slit2 mutations on GnRH-1 neuronal migration from the nasal area to the brain. Moreover, we found no changes in GnRH-1 neuronal migration in the brain after NELL2 loss-of-function. However, we found that Slit2 loss-of-function alters the patterning of GnRH-1 cells in the brain, suggesting that Slit2 loss-of-function affects GnRH-1 cell positioning in the brain in a Robo3 independent fashion. Our results challenge previous theories on GnRH-1 neuronal migration mechanisms and provide a new impetus to identify and understand the complex genetic mechanisms causing disorders like Kallmann syndrome (KS) and HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Zandro M Taroc
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Alastair J Tulloch
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexander Jaworski
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
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23
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Kaneko N, Herranz-Pérez V, Otsuka T, Sano H, Ohno N, Omata T, Nguyen HB, Thai TQ, Nambu A, Kawaguchi Y, García-Verdugo JM, Sawamoto K. New neurons use Slit-Robo signaling to migrate through the glial meshwork and approach a lesion for functional regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaav0618. [PMID: 30547091 PMCID: PMC6291311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
After brain injury, neural stem cell-derived neuronal precursors (neuroblasts) in the ventricular-subventricular zone migrate toward the lesion. However, the ability of the mammalian brain to regenerate neuronal circuits for functional recovery is quite limited. Here, using a mouse model for ischemic stroke, we show that neuroblast migration is restricted by reactive astrocytes in and around the lesion. To migrate, the neuroblasts use Slit1-Robo2 signaling to disrupt the actin cytoskeleton in reactive astrocytes at the site of contact. Slit1-overexpressing neuroblasts transplanted into the poststroke brain migrated closer to the lesion than did control neuroblasts. These neuroblasts matured into striatal neurons and efficiently regenerated neuronal circuits, resulting in functional recovery in the poststroke mice. These results suggest that the positioning of new neurons will be critical for functional neuronal regeneration in stem/progenitor cell-based therapies for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - V. Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Q-6250003-H Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - T. Otsuka
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - H. Sano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - N. Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - T. Omata
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - H. B. Nguyen
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMP), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - T. Q. Thai
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - A. Nambu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y. Kawaguchi
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - J. M. García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - K. Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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24
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Zalucki O, Harris L, Harvey TJ, Harkins D, Widagdo J, Oishi S, Matuzelski E, Yong XLH, Schmidt H, Anggono V, Burne THJ, Gronostajski RM, Piper M. NFIX-Mediated Inhibition of Neuroblast Branching Regulates Migration Within the Adult Mouse Ventricular–Subventricular Zone. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3590-3604. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the migration of newborn neurons within the brain presents a major challenge in contemporary biology. Neuronal migration is widespread within the developing brain but is also important within the adult brain. For instance, stem cells within the ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus of the adult rodent brain produce neuroblasts that migrate to the olfactory bulb and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, respectively, where they regulate key brain functions including innate olfactory responses, learning, and memory. Critically, our understanding of the factors mediating neuroblast migration remains limited. The transcription factor nuclear factor I X (NFIX) has previously been implicated in embryonic cortical development. Here, we employed conditional ablation of Nfix from the adult mouse brain and demonstrated that the removal of this gene from either neural stem and progenitor cells, or neuroblasts, within the V-SVZ culminated in neuroblast migration defects. Mechanistically, we identified aberrant neuroblast branching, due in part to increased expression of the guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (Npr2), as a factor contributing to abnormal migration in Nfix-deficient adult mice. Collectively, these data provide new insights into how neuroblast migration is regulated at a transcriptional level within the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danyon Harkins
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Widagdo
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sabrina Oishi
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elise Matuzelski
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuan Ling Hilary Yong
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
Neuron-glia antigen 2-expressing glial cells (NG2 glia) serve as oligodendrocyte progenitors during development and adulthood. However, recent studies have shown that these cells represent not only a transitional stage along the oligodendroglial lineage, but also constitute a specific cell type endowed with typical properties and functions. Namely, NG2 glia (or subsets of NG2 glia) establish physical and functional interactions with neurons and other central nervous system (CNS) cell types, that allow them to constantly monitor the surrounding neuropil. In addition to operating as sensors, NG2 glia have features that are expected for active modulators of neuronal activity, including the expression and release of a battery of neuromodulatory and neuroprotective factors. Consistently, cell ablation strategies targeting NG2 glia demonstrate that, beyond their role in myelination, these cells contribute to CNS homeostasis and development. In this review, we summarize and discuss the advancements achieved over recent years toward the understanding of such functions, and propose novel approaches for further investigations aimed at elucidating the multifaceted roles of NG2 glia.
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26
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Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
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27
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Chen Z. Common cues wire the spinal cord: Axon guidance molecules in spinal neuron migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 85:71-77. [PMID: 29274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Topographic arrangement of neuronal cell bodies and axonal tracts are crucial for proper wiring of the nervous system. This involves often-coordinated neuronal migration and axon guidance during development. Most neurons migrate from their birthplace to specific topographic coordinates as they adopt the final cell fates and extend axons. The axons follow temporospatial specific guidance cues to reach the appropriate targets. When neuronal or axonal migration or their coordination is disrupted, severe consequences including neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological diseases, can arise. Neuronal and axonal migration shares some molecular mechanisms, as genes originally identified as axon guidance molecules have been increasingly shown to direct both navigation processes. This review focuses on axon guidance pathways that are shown to also direct neuronal migration in the vertebrate spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of MCD Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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28
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Dominici C, Rappeneau Q, Zelina P, Fouquet S, Chédotal A. Non-cell autonomous control of precerebellar neuron migration by Slit and Robo proteins. Development 2018; 145:dev150375. [PMID: 29343636 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During development, precerebellar neurons migrate tangentially from the dorsal hindbrain to the floor plate. Their axons cross it but their cell bodies stop their ventral migration upon reaching the midline. It has previously been shown that Slit chemorepellents and their receptors, Robo1 and Robo2, might control the migration of precerebellar neurons in a repulsive manner. Here, we have used a conditional knockout strategy in mice to test this hypothesis. We show that the targeted inactivation of the expression of Robo1 and Robo2 receptors in precerebellar neurons does not perturb their migration and that they still stop at the midline. The selective ablation of the expression of all three Slit proteins in floor-plate cells has no effect on pontine neurons and only induces the migration of a small subset of inferior olivary neurons across the floor plate. Likewise, we show that the expression of Slit proteins in the facial nucleus is dispensable for pontine neuron migration. Together, these results show that Robo1 and Robo2 receptors act non-cell autonomously in migrating precerebellar neurons and that floor-plate signals, other than Slit proteins, must exist to prevent midline crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Dominici
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision 75012, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Rappeneau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision 75012, Paris, France
| | - Pavol Zelina
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision 75012, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision 75012, Paris, France
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision 75012, Paris, France
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29
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Tumelty KE, Higginson-Scott N, Fan X, Bajaj P, Knowlton KM, Shamashkin M, Coyle AJ, Lu W, Berasi SP. Identification of direct negative cross-talk between the SLIT2 and bone morphogenetic protein-Gremlin signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3039-3055. [PMID: 29317497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2) is a large, secreted protein that binds roundabout (ROBO) receptors on multiple cell types, including neurons and kidney podocytes. SLIT2-ROBO-mediated signaling regulates neuronal migration and ureteric bud (UB) outgrowth during kidney development as well as glomerular filtration in adult kidneys. Additionally, SLIT2 binds Gremlin, an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and BMP-Gremlin signaling also regulates UB formation. However, direct cross-talk between the ROBO2-SLIT2 and BMP-Gremlin signaling pathways has not been established. Here, we report the discovery of negative feedback between the SLIT2 and BMP-Gremlin signaling pathways. We found that the SLIT2-Gremlin interaction inhibited both SLIT2-ROBO2 signaling in neurons and Gremlin antagonism of BMP activity in myoblasts and fibroblasts. Furthermore, BMP2 down-regulated SLIT2 expression and promoter activity through canonical BMP signaling. Gremlin treatment, BMP receptor inhibition, and SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) knockdown rescued BMP-mediated repression of SLIT2. BMP2 treatment of nephron progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells decreased SLIT2 expression, further suggesting an interaction between the BMP2-Gremlin and SLIT2 pathways in human kidney cells. In conclusion, our study has revealed direct negative cross-talk between two pathways, previously thought to be unassociated, that may regulate both kidney development and adult tissue maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Tumelty
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Nathan Higginson-Scott
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Xueping Fan
- the Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, and
| | - Piyush Bajaj
- the Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Kelly M Knowlton
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael Shamashkin
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Anthony J Coyle
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Weining Lu
- the Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, and
| | - Stephen P Berasi
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
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30
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Ruiz-Reig N, Studer M. Rostro-Caudal and Caudo-Rostral Migrations in the Telencephalon: Going Forward or Backward? Front Neurosci 2017; 11:692. [PMID: 29311773 PMCID: PMC5742585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation and differentiation of an appropriate number of neurons, as well as its distribution in different parts of the brain, is crucial for the proper establishment, maintenance and plasticity of neural circuitries. Newborn neurons travel along the brain in a process known as neuronal migration, to finalize their correct position in the nervous system. Defects in neuronal migration produce abnormalities in the brain that can generate neurodevelopmental pathologies, such as autism, schizophrenia and intellectual disability. In this review, we present an overview of the developmental origin of the different telencephalic subdivisions and a description of migratory pathways taken by distinct neural populations traveling long distances before reaching their target position in the brain. In addition, we discuss some of the molecules implicated in the guidance of these migratory paths and transcription factors that contribute to the correct migration and integration of these neurons.
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31
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32
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Amodeo V, A D, Betts J, Bartesaghi S, Zhang Y, Richard-Londt A, Ellis M, Roshani R, Vouri M, Galavotti S, Oberndorfer S, Leite AP, Mackay A, Lampada A, Stratford EW, Li N, Dinsdale D, Grimwade D, Jones C, Nicotera P, Michod D, Brandner S, Salomoni P. A PML/Slit Axis Controls Physiological Cell Migration and Cancer Invasion in the CNS. Cell Rep 2017; 20:411-426. [PMID: 28700942 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration through the brain parenchyma underpins neurogenesis and glioblastoma (GBM) development. Since GBM cells and neuroblasts use the same migratory routes, mechanisms underlying migration during neurogenesis and brain cancer pathogenesis may be similar. Here, we identify a common pathway controlling cell migration in normal and neoplastic cells in the CNS. The nuclear scaffold protein promyelocytic leukemia (PML), a regulator of forebrain development, promotes neural progenitor/stem cell (NPC) and neuroblast migration in the adult mouse brain. The PML pro-migratory role is active also in transformed mouse NPCs and in human primary GBM cells. In both normal and neoplastic settings, PML controls cell migration via Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated repression of Slits, key regulators of axon guidance. Finally, a PML/SLIT1 axis regulates sensitivity to the PML-targeting drug arsenic trioxide in primary GBM cells. Taken together, these findings uncover a drug-targetable molecular axis controlling cell migration in both normal and neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Amodeo
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Deli A
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Joanne Betts
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ying Zhang
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | | | - Rozita Roshani
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mikaella Vouri
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sara Galavotti
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sarah Oberndorfer
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ana Paula Leite
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alan Mackay
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Aikaterini Lampada
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | - Ningning Li
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - David Grimwade
- Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - David Michod
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Paolo Salomoni
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Belvindrah R, Natarajan K, Shabajee P, Bruel-Jungerman E, Bernard J, Goutierre M, Moutkine I, Jaglin XH, Savariradjane M, Irinopoulou T, Poncer JC, Janke C, Francis F. Mutation of the α-tubulin Tuba1a leads to straighter microtubules and perturbs neuronal migration. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2443-2461. [PMID: 28687665 PMCID: PMC5551700 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of α-tubulin isotypes is associated with cortical malformations. Belvindrah et al. show that Tuba1 mutation leads to impaired neuronal saltatory migration in vivo as a result of functional and structural microtubule defects. Comparative analyses of Tuba1a and Tuba8 in tubulin heterodimer structure and microtubule polymerization reveal an essential, noncompensated role for Tuba1a in the neuronal rostral migratory system. Brain development involves extensive migration of neurons. Microtubules (MTs) are key cellular effectors of neuronal displacement that are assembled from α/β-tubulin heterodimers. Mutation of the α-tubulin isotype TUBA1A is associated with cortical malformations in humans. In this study, we provide detailed in vivo and in vitro analyses of Tuba1a mutants. In mice carrying a Tuba1a missense mutation (S140G), neurons accumulate, and glial cells are dispersed along the rostral migratory stream in postnatal and adult brains. Live imaging of Tuba1a-mutant neurons revealed slowed migration and increased neuronal branching, which correlated with directionality alterations and perturbed nucleus–centrosome (N–C) coupling. Tuba1a mutation led to increased straightness of newly polymerized MTs, and structural modeling data suggest a conformational change in the α/β-tubulin heterodimer. We show that Tuba8, another α-tubulin isotype previously associated with cortical malformations, has altered function compared with Tuba1a. Our work shows that Tuba1a plays an essential, noncompensated role in neuronal saltatory migration in vivo and highlights the importance of MT flexibility in N–C coupling and neuronal-branching regulation during neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Belvindrah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research Université (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3348, Orsay, France
| | - Preety Shabajee
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bruel-Jungerman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Bernard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Marie Goutierre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Imane Moutkine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Xavier H Jaglin
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Mythili Savariradjane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Theano Irinopoulou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Poncer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research Université (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3348, Orsay, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France .,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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Guerrero-Cazares H, Lavell E, Chen L, Schiapparelli P, Lara-Velazquez M, Capilla-Gonzalez V, Drummond G, Clements AC, Noiman L, Thaler K, Burke A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Brief Report: Robo1 Regulates the Migration of Human Subventricular Zone Neural Progenitor Cells During Development. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1860-1865. [PMID: 28406573 PMCID: PMC5484745 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human neural progenitor cell (NPC) migration within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ganglionic eminence is an active process throughout early brain development. The migration of human NPCs from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb during fetal stages resembles what occurs in adult rodents. As the human brain develops during infancy, this migratory stream is drastically reduced in cell number and becomes barely evident in adults. The mechanisms regulating human NPC migration are unknown. The Slit-Robo signaling pathway has been defined as a chemorepulsive cue involved in axon guidance and neuroblast migration in rodents. Slit and Robo proteins expressed in the rodent brain help guide neuroblast migration from the SVZ through the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb. Here, we present the first study on the role that Slit and Robo proteins play in human-derived fetal neural progenitor cell migration (hfNPC). We describe that Robo1 and Robo2 isoforms are expressed in the human fetal SVZ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Slit2 is able to induce a chemorepellent effect on the migration of hfNPCs derived from the human fetal SVZ. In addition, when Robo1 expression is inhibited, hfNPCs are unable to migrate to the olfactory bulb of mice when injected in the anterior SVZ. Our findings indicate that the migration of human NPCs from the SVZ is partially regulated by the Slit-Robo axis. This pathway could be regulated to direct the migration of NPCs in human endogenous neural cell therapy. Stem Cells 2017;35:1860-1865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. USA (former)
| | - Emily Lavell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
| | - Linda Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. USA (former)
| | | | - Vivian Capilla-Gonzalez
- Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Liron Noiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katrina Thaler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Burke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fl, USA (current)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. USA (former)
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35
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Pothayee N, Cummings DM, Schoenfeld TJ, Dodd S, Cameron HA, Belluscio L, Koretsky AP. Magnetic resonance imaging of odorant activity-dependent migration of neural precursor cells and olfactory bulb growth. Neuroimage 2017; 158:232-241. [PMID: 28669915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitors or neuroblasts are produced by precursor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulbs (OB) throughout life. In the OB, these adult born neurons either die or replace existing olfactory interneurons, playing a critical role in the stabilization of OB circuitry. Although several aspects of the addition of new neurons into the OB have been studied, it is unclear whether long-distance activity from the OB can regulate the influx of migrating neuroblasts along the RMS. In this study, iron oxide-assisted MRI was used to track the migration of neuroblasts in combination with reversible naris occlusion to manipulate odorant-induced activity. It was found that decreasing olfactory activity led to a decrease in the rate of neuroblast migration along the RMS. Removal of the naris occlusion led to an increase in migratory rate back to control levels, indicating that olfactory activity has regulatory function on neuroblast migration in the RMS. Blocking odorant activity also led to an arrest in OB growth and re-opening the block led to a rapid re-growth returning the bulb size to control levels. Furthermore, pharmacogenetic elimination of the neuroblasts demonstrated that they were required for re-growth of the bulb following sensory deprivation. Together, these results show that sensory activity, neural migration and OB growth are tightly coupled in an interdependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikorn Pothayee
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana M Cummings
- Developmental Neural Plasticity Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy J Schoenfeld
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen Dodd
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonardo Belluscio
- Developmental Neural Plasticity Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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36
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Miyakoshi LM, Marques-Coelho D, De Souza LER, Lima FRS, Martins VR, Zanata SM, Hedin-Pereira C. Evidence of a Cell Surface Role for Hsp90 Complex Proteins Mediating Neuroblast Migration in the Subventricular Zone. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:138. [PMID: 28567003 PMCID: PMC5434112 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In most mammalian brains, the subventricular zone (SVZ) is a germinative layer that maintains neurogenic activity throughout adulthood. Neuronal precursors arising from this region migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and reach the olfactory bulbs where they differentiate and integrate into the local circuitry. Recently, studies have shown that heat shock proteins have an important role in cancer cell migration and blocking Hsp90 function was shown to hinder cell migration in the developing cerebellum. In this work, we hypothesize that chaperone complexes may have an important function regulating migration of neuronal precursors from the subventricular zone. Proteins from the Hsp90 complex are present in the postnatal SVZ as well as in the RMS. Using an in vitro SVZ explant model, we have demonstrated the expression of Hsp90 and Hop/STI1 by migrating neuroblasts. Treatment with antibodies against Hsp90 and co-chaperone Hop/STI1, as well as Hsp90 and Hsp70 inhibitors hinder neuroblast chain migration. Time-lapse videomicroscopy analysis revealed that cell motility and average migratory speed was decreased after exposure to both antibodies and inhibitors. Antibodies recognizing Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hop/STI1 were found bound to the membranes of cells from primary SVZ cultures and biotinylation assays demonstrated that Hsp70 and Hop/STI1 could be found on the external leaflet of neuroblast membranes. The latter could also be detected in conditioned medium samples obtained from cultivated SVZ cells. Our results suggest that chaperones Hsp90, Hsp70, and co-chaperone Hop/STI1, components of the Hsp90 complex, regulate SVZ neuroblast migration in a concerted manner through an extracellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M Miyakoshi
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular NeuroAnatomy, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Marques-Coelho
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular NeuroAnatomy, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E R De Souza
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of ParanáParaná, Brazil
| | - Flavia R S Lima
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vilma R Martins
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of ParanáParaná, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Hedin-Pereira
- Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular NeuroAnatomy, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil.,VPPLR-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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37
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Friocourt F, Chédotal A. The Robo3 receptor, a key player in the development, evolution, and function of commissural systems. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:876-890. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Friocourt
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision; 17 Rue Moreau Paris 75012 France
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision; 17 Rue Moreau Paris 75012 France
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38
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Kaneko N, Sawada M, Sawamoto K. Mechanisms of neuronal migration in the adult brain. J Neurochem 2017; 141:835-847. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration; National Institute for Physiological Sciences; Okazaki Aichi Japan
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39
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de la Rosa-Prieto C, Laterza C, Gonzalez-Ramos A, Wattananit S, Ge R, Lindvall O, Tornero D, Kokaia Z. Stroke alters behavior of human skin-derived neural progenitors after transplantation adjacent to neurogenic area in rat brain. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 28279192 PMCID: PMC5345149 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can ameliorate behavioral deficits in animal models of stroke. How the ischemic lesion affects the survival of the transplanted cells, their proliferation, migration, differentiation, and function is only partly understood. Methods Here we have assessed the influence of the stroke-induced injury on grafts of human skin iPSCs-derived long-term neuroepithelial-like stem cells using transplantation into the rostral migratory stream (RMS), adjacent to the neurogenic subventricular zone, in adult rats as a model system. Results We show that the occurrence of an ischemic lesion, induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, in the striatum close to the transplant does not alter the survival, proliferation, or generation of neuroblasts or mature neurons or astrocytes from the grafted progenitors. In contrast, the migration and axonal projection patterns of the transplanted cells are markedly influenced. In the intact brain, the grafted cells send many fibers to the main olfactory bulb through the RMS and a few of them migrate in the same direction, reaching the first one third of this pathway. In the stroke-injured brain, on the other hand, the grafted cells only migrate toward the ischemic lesion and virtually no axonal outgrowth is observed in the RMS. Conclusions Our findings indicate that signals released from the stroke-injured area regulate the migration of and fiber outgrowth from grafted human skin-derived neural progenitors and overcome the influence on these cellular properties exerted by the neurogenic area/RMS in the intact brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de la Rosa-Prieto
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Present address: Laboratory of Human Neuroanatomy, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Ramos
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somsak Wattananit
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruimin Ge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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40
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Secretagogin-dependent matrix metalloprotease-2 release from neurons regulates neuroblast migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2006-E2015. [PMID: 28223495 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700662114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is viewed as a glia-enriched conduit of forward-migrating neuroblasts in which chemorepulsive signals control the pace of forward migration. Here we demonstrate the existence of a scaffold of neurons that receive synaptic inputs within the rat, mouse, and human fetal RMS equivalents. These neurons express secretagogin, a Ca2+-sensor protein, to execute an annexin V-dependent externalization of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) for reconfiguring the extracellular matrix locally. Mouse genetics combined with pharmacological probing in vivo and in vitro demonstrate that MMP-2 externalization occurs on demand and that its loss slows neuroblast migration. Loss of function is particularly remarkable upon injury to the olfactory bulb. Cumulatively, we identify a signaling cascade that provokes structural remodeling of the RMS through recruitment of MMP-2 by a previously unrecognized neuronal constituent. Given the life-long presence of secretagogin-containing neurons in human, this mechanism might be exploited for therapeutic benefit in rescue strategies.
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42
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Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Proteins as Regulators of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Function. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2108495. [PMID: 26949399 PMCID: PMC4754494 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly organised structure. Many signalling systems work in concert to ensure that neural stem cells are appropriately directed to generate progenitor cells, which in turn mature into functional cell types including projection neurons, interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Herein we explore the role of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, in particular family members LRP1 and LRP2, in regulating the behaviour of neural stem and progenitor cells during development and adulthood. The ability of LRP1 and LRP2 to bind a diverse and extensive range of ligands, regulate ligand endocytosis, recruit nonreceptor tyrosine kinases for direct signal transduction and signal in conjunction with other receptors, enables them to modulate many crucial neural cell functions.
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43
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Bátiz LF, Castro MA, Burgos PV, Velásquez ZD, Muñoz RI, Lafourcade CA, Troncoso-Escudero P, Wyneken U. Exosomes as Novel Regulators of Adult Neurogenic Niches. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 9:501. [PMID: 26834560 PMCID: PMC4717294 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has been convincingly demonstrated in two regions of the mammalian brain: the sub-granular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus, and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LV). SGZ newborn neurons are destined to the granular cell layer (GCL) of the DG, while new neurons from the SVZ neurons migrate rostrally into the olfactory bulb (OB). The process of adult neurogenesis persists throughout life and is supported by a pool of neural stem cells (NSCs), which reside in a unique and specialized microenvironment known as "neurogenic niche". Neurogenic niches are structured by a complex organization of different cell types, including the NSC-neuron lineage, glial cells and vascular cells. Thus, cell-to-cell communication plays a key role in the dynamic modulation of homeostasis and plasticity of the adult neurogenic process. Specific cell-cell contacts and extracellular signals originated locally provide the necessary support and regulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Furthermore, extracellular signals originated at distant locations, including other brain regions or systemic organs, may reach the niche through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the vasculature and influence its nature. The role of several secreted molecules, such as cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones, in the biology of adult NSCs, has been systematically addressed. Interestingly, in addition to these well-recognized signals, a novel type of intercellular messengers has been identified recently: the extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs, and particularly exosomes, are implicated in the transfer of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins and lipids between cells and thus are able to modify the function of recipient cells. Exosomes appear to play a significant role in different stem cell niches such as the mesenchymal stem cell niche, cancer stem cell niche and pre-metastatic niche; however, their roles in adult neurogenic niches remain virtually unexplored. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the functional relationship between cellular and extracellular components of the adult SVZ and SGZ neurogenic niches, and the growing evidence that supports the potential role of exosomes in the physiology and pathology of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Federico Bátiz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Program for Cell Biology and Microscopy, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Maite A Castro
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Program for Cell Biology and Microscopy, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Program for Cell Biology and Microscopy, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Zahady D Velásquez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Rosa I Muñoz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos A Lafourcade
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile; Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes Santiago, Chile
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44
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Abstract
A tissue that commonly deteriorates in older vertebrates is the intervertebral disc, which is located between the vertebrae. Age-related changes in the intervertebral discs are thought to cause most cases of back pain. Back pain affects more than half of people over the age of 65, and the treatment of back pain costs 50-100 billion dollars per year in the USA. The normal intervertebral disc is composed of three distinct regions: a thick outer ring of fibrous cartilage called the annulus fibrosus, a gel-like material that is surrounded by the annulus fibrosus called the nucleus pulposus, and superior and inferior cartilaginous end plates. The nucleus pulposus has been shown to be critical for disc health and function. Damage to this structure often leads to disc disease. Recent reports have demonstrated that the embryonic notochord, a rod-like structure present in the midline of vertebrate embryos, gives rise to all cell types found in adult nuclei pulposi. The mechanism responsible for the transformation of the notochord into nuclei pulposi is unknown. In this review, we discuss potential molecular and physical mechanisms that may be responsible for the notochord to nuclei pulposi transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lawson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,
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45
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Hwang DY, Kohl S, Fan X, Vivante A, Chan S, Dworschak GC, Schulz J, van Eerde AM, Hilger AC, Gee HY, Pennimpede T, Herrmann BG, van de Hoek G, Renkema KY, Schell C, Huber TB, Reutter HM, Soliman NA, Stajic N, Bogdanovic R, Kehinde EO, Lifton RP, Tasic V, Lu W, Hildebrandt F. Mutations of the SLIT2-ROBO2 pathway genes SLIT2 and SRGAP1 confer risk for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Hum Genet 2015; 134:905-16. [PMID: 26026792 PMCID: PMC4497857 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) account for 40-50% of chronic kidney disease that manifests in the first two decades of life. Thus far, 31 monogenic causes of isolated CAKUT have been described, explaining ~12% of cases. To identify additional CAKUT-causing genes, we performed whole-exome sequencing followed by a genetic burden analysis in 26 genetically unsolved families with CAKUT. We identified two heterozygous mutations in SRGAP1 in 2 unrelated families. SRGAP1 is a small GTPase-activating protein in the SLIT2-ROBO2 signaling pathway, which is essential for development of the metanephric kidney. We then examined the pathway-derived candidate gene SLIT2 for mutations in cohort of 749 individuals with CAKUT and we identified 3 unrelated individuals with heterozygous mutations. The clinical phenotypes of individuals with mutations in SLIT2 or SRGAP1 were cystic dysplastic kidneys, unilateral renal agenesis, and duplicated collecting system. We show that SRGAP1 is expressed in early mouse nephrogenic mesenchyme and that it is coexpressed with ROBO2 in SIX2-positive nephron progenitor cells of the cap mesenchyme in developing rat kidney. We demonstrate that the newly identified mutations in SRGAP1 lead to an augmented inhibition of RAC1 in cultured human embryonic kidney cells and that the SLIT2 mutations compromise the ability of the SLIT2 ligand to inhibit cell migration. Thus, we report on two novel candidate genes for causing monogenic isolated CAKUT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daw-Yang Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Stefan Kohl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xueping Fan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefanie Chan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel C Dworschak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Schulz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Albertien M van Eerde
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracie Pennimpede
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Developmental Genetics Department, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Herrmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Developmental Genetics Department, Berlin, Germany
| | - Glenn van de Hoek
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Y Renkema
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Schell
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko M Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Egyptian Group for Orphan Renal Diseases (EGORD), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Natasa Stajic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mother and Child Healthcare of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radovan Bogdanovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Mother and Child Healthcare of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children’s Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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Spasova MS, Sadowska GB, Threlkeld SW, Lim YP, Stonestreet BS. Ontogeny of inter-alpha inhibitor proteins in ovine brain and somatic tissues. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 239:724-36. [PMID: 24728724 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213519195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) found in relatively high concentrations in human plasma are important in inflammation. IAIPs attenuate brain damage in young and adult subjects, decrease during sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants, and attenuate sepsis-related inflammation in newborn rats. Although a few studies have reported adult organ-specific IAIP expression, information is not available on age-dependent IAIP expression. Given evidence suggesting IAIPs attenuate brain damage in young and adult subjects, and inflammation in newborns, we examined IAIP expression in plasma, cerebral cortex (CC), choroid plexus (CP), cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and somatic organs in fetal, newborn, and adult sheep to determine the endogenous expression patterns of these proteins during development. IAIPs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were higher in newborn and adult than fetal plasma (P < 0.05). Western immunoblot detected 125 kDa PaI (Pre-alpha Inhibitor) and 250 kDa IaI (Inter-alpha Inhibitor) in plasma, CNS, and somatic organs. PaI expression in CC and CP was higher in fetuses than newborns and adults, but IaI expression was higher in adults than fetuses and newborns. Both PaI and IaI were higher in fetal than newborn CSF. IAIPs exhibited organ-specific ontogenic patterns in placenta, liver, heart, and kidney. These results provide evidence for the first time that plasma, brain, placenta, liver, heart, and kidney express IAIPs throughout ovine development and that expression patterns are unique to each organ. Although exact functions of IAIPs in CNS and somatic tissues are not known, their presence in relatively high amounts during development suggests their potential importance in brain and organ development.
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Rama N, Dubrac A, Mathivet T, Ní Chárthaigh RA, Genet G, Cristofaro B, Pibouin-Fragner L, Ma L, Eichmann A, Chédotal A. Slit2 signaling through Robo1 and Robo2 is required for retinal neovascularization. Nat Med 2015; 21:483-91. [PMID: 25894826 PMCID: PMC4819398 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases are a leading cause of blindness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade improves vision, but not all individuals respond to anti-VEGF treatment, making additional means to prevent neovascularization necessary. Slit-family proteins (Slits) are ligands of Roundabout (Robo) receptors that repel developing axons in the nervous system. Robo1 expression is altered in ocular neovascular diseases, and previous in vitro studies have reported both pro- and anti-angiogenic effects of Slits. However, genetic evidence supporting a role for Slits in ocular neovascularization is lacking. Here we generated conditional knockout mice deficient in various Slit and Robo proteins and found that Slit2 potently and selectively promoted angiogenesis via Robo1 and Robo2 in mouse postnatal retina and in a model of ocular neovascular disease. Mechanistically, Slit2 acting through Robo1 and Robo2 promoted the migration of endothelial cells. These receptors are required for both Slit2- and VEGF-induced Rac1 activation and lamellipodia formation. Thus, Slit2 blockade could potentially be used therapeutically to inhibit angiogenesis in individuals with ocular neovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rama
- 1] INSERM UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France. [2] Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France. [3] UMR 7210, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dubrac
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Mathivet
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Róisín-Ana Ní Chárthaigh
- 1] INSERM UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France. [2] Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France. [3] UMR 7210, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gael Genet
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brunella Cristofaro
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Le Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne Eichmann
- 1] Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. [2] Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France. [3] Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alain Chédotal
- 1] INSERM UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France. [2] Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France. [3] UMR 7210, CNRS, Paris, France
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48
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Bjornsson CS, Apostolopoulou M, Tian Y, Temple S. It takes a village: constructing the neurogenic niche. Dev Cell 2015; 32:435-46. [PMID: 25710530 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although many features of neurogenesis during development and in the adult are intrinsic to the neurogenic cells themselves, the role of the microenvironment is irrefutable. The neurogenic niche is a melting pot of cells and factors that influence CNS development. How do the diverse elements assemble and when? How does the niche change structurally and functionally during embryogenesis and in adulthood? In this review, we focus on the impact of non-neural cells that participate in the neurogenic niche, highlighting how cells of different embryonic origins influence this critical germinal space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yangzi Tian
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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De La Rosa-Prieto C, De Moya-Pinilla M, Saiz-Sanchez D, Ubeda-Banon I, Arzate DM, Flores-Cuadrado A, Liberia T, Crespo C, Martinez-Marcos A. Olfactory and cortical projections to bulbar and hippocampal adult-born neurons. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:4. [PMID: 25698936 PMCID: PMC4313705 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons are continually generated in the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus during adulthood. In the subventricular zone, neuroblasts migrate a long distance to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into granule or periglomerular interneurons. In the hippocampus, neuroblasts migrate a short distance from the subgranular zone to the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus to become granule neurons. In addition to the short-distance inputs, bulbar interneurons receive long-distance centrifugal afferents from olfactory-recipient structures. Similarly, dentate granule cells receive differential inputs from the medial and lateral entorhinal cortices through the perforant pathway. Little is known concerning these new inputs on the adult-born cells. In this work, we have characterized afferent inputs to 21-day old newly-born neurons. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with bromodeoxyuridine. Two weeks later, rhodamine-labeled dextran-amine was injected into the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex and lateral and medial entorhinal cortices. One week later, animals were perfused and immunofluorescences were carried out. The data show that projection neurons from the mentioned structures, establish putative synaptic contacts onto 21-day-old neurons in the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus, in some cases even before they start to express specific subpopulation proteins. Long-distance afferents reach middle and outer one-third portions of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and granule and, interestingly, periglomerular layers of the olfactory bulb. In the olfactory bulb, these fibers appear to establish presumptive axo-somatic contacts onto newly-born granule and periglomerular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos De La Rosa-Prieto
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, El Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Miguel De Moya-Pinilla
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, El Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, El Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Banon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, El Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Dulce M Arzate
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, El Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Teresa Liberia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carlos Crespo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia Burjassot, Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, El Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
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50
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O'Leary CJ, Bradford D, Chen M, White A, Blackmore DG, Cooper HM. The Netrin/RGM Receptor, Neogenin, Controls Adult Neurogenesis by Promoting Neuroblast Migration and Cell Cycle Exit. Stem Cells 2015; 33:503-14. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor J. O'Leary
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - DanaKai Bradford
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Min Chen
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Amanda White
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Daniel G. Blackmore
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Helen M. Cooper
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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