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Guo X, Yang Y, Tang J, Xiang J. Ephs in cancer progression: complexity and context-dependent nature in signaling, angiogenesis and immunity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:299. [PMID: 38811954 PMCID: PMC11137953 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprising 14 distinct members classified into two subgroups: EphAs and EphBs.. Despite their essential functions in normal physiological processes, accumulating evidence suggests that the involvement of the Eph family in cancer is characterized by a dual and often contradictory nature. Research indicates that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling influences cell-cell communication, subsequently regulating cell migration, adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. The contradictory functionalities may arise from the diversity of Eph signaling pathways and the heterogeneity of different cancer microenvironment. In this review, we aim to discuss the dual role of the Eph receptors in tumor development, attempting to elucidate the paradoxical functionality through an exploration of Eph receptor signaling pathways, angiogenesis, immune responses, and more. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development. Additionally, we will explore the evolving landscape of utilizing Eph receptors as potential targets for tumor therapy and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyi Yang
- Health Management Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Patel MA, Daley M, Van Nynatten LR, Slessarev M, Cepinskas G, Fraser DD. A reduced proteomic signature in critically ill Covid-19 patients determined with plasma antibody micro-array and machine learning. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38760690 PMCID: PMC11100131 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a complex, multi-system disease with varying severity and symptoms. Identifying changes in critically ill COVID-19 patients' proteomes enables a better understanding of markers associated with susceptibility, symptoms, and treatment. We performed plasma antibody microarray and machine learning analyses to identify novel proteins of COVID-19. METHODS A case-control study comparing the concentration of 2000 plasma proteins in age- and sex-matched COVID-19 inpatients, non-COVID-19 sepsis controls, and healthy control subjects. Machine learning was used to identify a unique proteome signature in COVID-19 patients. Protein expression was correlated with clinically relevant variables and analyzed for temporal changes over hospitalization days 1, 3, 7, and 10. Expert-curated protein expression information was analyzed with Natural language processing (NLP) to determine organ- and cell-specific expression. RESULTS Machine learning identified a 28-protein model that accurately differentiated COVID-19 patients from ICU non-COVID-19 patients (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.89) and healthy controls (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.88). An optimal nine-protein model (PF4V1, NUCB1, CrkL, SerpinD1, Fen1, GATA-4, ProSAAS, PARK7, and NET1) maintained high classification ability. Specific proteins correlated with hemoglobin, coagulation factors, hypertension, and high-flow nasal cannula intervention (P < 0.01). Time-course analysis of the 28 leading proteins demonstrated no significant temporal changes within the COVID-19 cohort. NLP analysis identified multi-system expression of the key proteins, with the digestive and nervous systems being the leading systems. CONCLUSIONS The plasma proteome of critically ill COVID-19 patients was distinguishable from that of non-COVID-19 sepsis controls and healthy control subjects. The leading 28 proteins and their subset of 9 proteins yielded accurate classification models and are expressed in multiple organ systems. The identified COVID-19 proteomic signature helps elucidate COVID-19 pathophysiology and may guide future COVID-19 treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitray A Patel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mark Daley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | | | - Marat Slessarev
- Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 4V3, Canada.
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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3
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González-King H, Rodrigues PG, Albery T, Tangruksa B, Gurrapu R, Silva AM, Musa G, Kardasz D, Liu K, Kull B, Åvall K, Rydén-Markinhuhta K, Incitti T, Sharma N, Graneli C, Valadi H, Petkevicius K, Carracedo M, Tejedor S, Ivanova A, Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Menasché P, Synnergren J, Dekker N, Wang QD, Jennbacken K. Head-to-head comparison of relevant cell sources of small extracellular vesicles for cardiac repair: Superiority of embryonic stem cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12445. [PMID: 38711334 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from various cell sources have been demonstrated to enhance cardiac function in preclinical models of myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to compare different sources of sEV for cardiac repair and determine the most effective one, which nowadays remains limited. We comprehensively assessed the efficacy of sEV obtained from human primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC), human immortalized MSC (hTERT-MSC), human embryonic stem cells (ESC), ESC-derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPC), human ESC-derived cardiomyocytes (CM), and human primary ventricular cardiac fibroblasts (VCF), in in vitro models of cardiac repair. ESC-derived sEV (ESC-sEV) exhibited the best pro-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic effects in vitro. Then, we evaluated the functionality of the sEV with the most promising performances in vitro, in a murine model of MI-reperfusion injury (IRI) and analysed their RNA and protein compositions. In vivo, ESC-sEV provided the most favourable outcome after MI by reducing adverse cardiac remodelling through down-regulating fibrosis and increasing angiogenesis. Furthermore, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterizations of sEV derived from hTERT-MSC, ESC, and CPC revealed factors in ESC-sEV that potentially drove the observed functions. In conclusion, ESC-sEV holds great promise as a cell-free treatment for promoting cardiac repair following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán González-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Patricia G Rodrigues
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tamsin Albery
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Benyapa Tangruksa
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ramya Gurrapu
- AstraZeneca India Private Limited, Neville Tower 11th Floor, Ramanujan IT SEZ, Rajv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andreia M Silva
- Discovery Sciences, Oligo Assay Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Anjarium Biosciences AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gentian Musa
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dominika Kardasz
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kai Liu
- Discovery Sciences, Oligo Assay Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Drug Delivery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Bengt Kull
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karin Åvall
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Katarina Rydén-Markinhuhta
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tania Incitti
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nitin Sharma
- AstraZeneca India Private Limited, Neville Tower 11th Floor, Ramanujan IT SEZ, Rajv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cecilia Graneli
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kasparas Petkevicius
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Miguel Carracedo
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sandra Tejedor
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Alena Ivanova
- Discovery Sciences, Oligo Assay Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Chief Medical Office, Global Patient Safety, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Phillipe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, Oligo Assay Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, García MDP, Carrasco-Juan JL, Martín-Vasallo P, Madrid JF, Díaz-Flores L. Phenomena of Intussusceptive Angiogenesis and Intussusceptive Lymphangiogenesis in Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Tumors. Biomedicines 2024; 12:258. [PMID: 38397861 PMCID: PMC10887293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) and intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis (IL) play a key role in the growth and morphogenesis of vessels. However, there are very few studies in this regard in vessel tumors (VTs). Our objective is to assess the presence, characteristics, and possible mechanisms of the formation of intussusceptive structures in a broad spectrum of VTs. For this purpose, examples of benign and malignant blood and lymphatic VTs were studied via conventional procedures, semithin sections, and immunochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated intussusceptive structures (pillars, meshes, and folds) in benign (lobular capillary hemangioma or pyogenic granuloma, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia or Masson tumor, sinusoidal hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, glomeruloid hemangioma, angiolipoma, and lymphangiomas), low-grade malignancy (retiform hemangioendothelioma and Dabska tumor), and malignant (angiosarcoma and Kaposi sarcoma) VTs. Intussusceptive structures showed an endothelial cover and a core formed of connective tissue components and presented findings suggesting an origin through vessel loops, endothelialized thrombus, interendothelial bridges, and/or splitting and fusion, and conditioned VT morphology. In conclusion, the findings support the participation of IA and IL, in association with sprouting angiogenesis, in VTs, and therefore in their growth and morphogenesis, which is of pathophysiological interest and lays the groundwork for in-depth molecular studies with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria del Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab-Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Jose-Luis Carrasco-Juan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Department of Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, University of La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain (J.-L.C.-J.)
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5
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Dutta Gupta S, Ta M. ADAMTS13 regulates angiogenic markers via Ephrin/Eph signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells under serum-deprivation stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:560. [PMID: 38177376 PMCID: PMC10766954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to facilitate angiogenesis and promote neo-vascularization via secretion of trophic factors. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism adopted by ADAMTS13 in modulating the expression of some key angiogenic markers in human umbilical cord-derived MSCs under serum-deprivation stress. Wharton's jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) were isolated from the perivascular region of human umbilical cords by explant culture. ADAMTS13 was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in WJ-MSCs under serum-deprivation stress. Correspondingly, some key angiogenic markers were also seen to be upregulated. By screening signaling pathways, p38 and JNK pathways were identified as negative and positive regulators for expression of ADAMTS13, and the angiogenic markers, respectively. Our results also indicated the Notch pathway and p53 as other probable partners modulating the expression of ADAMTS13 and the angiogenic markers. Knockdown of ADAMTS13 using siRNA led to reversal in the expression of these angiogenic markers. Further, ADAMTS13 was shown to act via the EphrinB2/EphB4 axis followed by ERK signaling to control expression of the angiogenic markers. Interestingly, stronger expression levels were noted for ADAMTS13, VEGF and PDGF under a more stringent nutrient stress condition. Thus, we highlight a novel role of ADAMTS13 in WJ-MSCs under nutrient stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Dutta Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata (IISER Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Dist: Nadia, Kolkata, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Malancha Ta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata (IISER Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Dist: Nadia, Kolkata, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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6
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Ullah A, Razzaq A, Zhou C, Ullah N, Shehzadi S, Aziz T, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Iqbal H. Biological Significance of EphB4 Expression in Cancer. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:244-255. [PMID: 37909437 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037269589231017055642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Eph receptors and their Eph receptor-interacting (ephrin) ligands comprise a vital cell communication system with several functions. In cancer cells, there was evidence of bilateral Eph receptor signaling with both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting actions. As a member of the Eph receptor family, EphB4 has been linked to tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis, which makes it a viable and desirable target for drug development in therapeutic applications. Many investigations have been conducted over the last decade to elucidate the structure and function of EphB4 in association with its ligand ephrinB2 for its involvement in tumorigenesis. Although several EphB4-targeting drugs have been investigated, and some selective inhibitors have been evaluated in clinical trials. This article addresses the structure and function of the EphB4 receptor, analyses its possibility as an anticancer therapeutic target, and summarises knowledge of EphB4 kinase inhibitors. To summarise, EphB4 is a difficult but potential treatment option for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anam Razzaq
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chuanzan Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, 818 Nelson Ave, 71272, USA
| | - Somia Shehzadi
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Westlake University, School of Engineering, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310024, China
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haroon Iqbal
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
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7
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Röss H, Aaldijk D, Vladymyrov M, Odriozola A, Djonov V. Transluminal Pillars-Their Origin and Role in the Remodelling of the Zebrafish Caudal Vein Plexus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16703. [PMID: 38069025 PMCID: PMC10706262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intussusceptive pillars, regarded as a hallmark of intussusceptive angiogenesis, have been described in developing vasculature of many organs and organisms. The aim of this study was to resolve the question about pillar formation and their further maturation employing zebrafish caudal vein plexus (CVP). The CVP development was monitored by in vivo confocal microscopy in high spatio-temporal resolution using the transgenic zebrafish model Fli1a:eGPF//Gata1:dsRed. We tracked back the formation of pillars (diameter ≤ 4 µm) and intercapillary meshes (diameter > 4 µm) and analysed their morphology and behaviour. Transluminal pillars in the CVP arose via a combination of sprouting, lumen expansion, and/or the creation of intraluminal folds, and those mechanisms were not associated directly with blood flow. The follow-up of pillars indicated that one-third of them disappeared between 28 and 48 h post fertilisation (hpf), and of the remaining ones, only 1/17 changed their cross-section area by >50%. The majority of the bigger meshes (39/62) increased their cross-section area by >50%. Plexus simplification and the establishment of hierarchy were dominated by the dynamics of intercapillary meshes, which formed mainly via sprouting angiogenesis. These meshes were observed to grow, reshape, and merge with each other. Our observations suggested an alternative view on intussusceptive angiogenesis in the CVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Röss
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.R.); (D.A.); (A.O.)
| | - Dea Aaldijk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.R.); (D.A.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Adolfo Odriozola
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.R.); (D.A.); (A.O.)
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.R.); (D.A.); (A.O.)
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8
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Tao Y, Wang W, Jin Y, Wang M, Xu J, Wang Y, Gong F. The Therapeutic Effects of EFNB2-Fc in a Cell Model of Kawasaki Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040500. [PMID: 37111257 PMCID: PMC10142267 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling pathway involves the regulation of vascular morphogenesis and angiogenesis. However, little is known about EphrinB2/EphB4 in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery aneurysm formation. Hence, this study aimed to explore the role of EphrinB2/EphB4 and the potential therapeutic effect of EphrinB2-Fc in the coronary arterial endothelial injury of KD. The levels of EphB4 were compared between KD patients and healthy children. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were stimulated with sera from acute KD patients to establish the KD cell model. The overexpression of EphB4 or treatment with EphrinB2-Fc was found to intervene in the cell model. The cell migration, angiogenesis, and proliferation ability were assessed, and the expression of inflammation-related factors was measured. Our study showed that EphB4 showed low expression in both KD patients and the cell model of KD. The EphB4 protein levels in the CECs of CAA+ KD patients were much lower than those in healthy children. EphrinB2-Fc treatment of KD sera-activated HCAECs suppressed cell proliferation, reduced the expression of inflammation-related factors (such as IL-6 and P-selectin), and elevated cell angiogenesis ability. The results reveal that EphrinB2-Fc has a protective function in endothelial cells and has promising clinical applications for protecting vascular endothelium in patients with KD.
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9
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Britzen-Laurent N, Weidinger C, Stürzl M. Contribution of Blood Vessel Activation, Remodeling and Barrier Function to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065517. [PMID: 36982601 PMCID: PMC10051397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) consist of a group of chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex etiology, which represent a clinical challenge due to their often therapy-refractory nature. In IBD, inflammation of the intestinal mucosa is characterized by strong and sustained leukocyte infiltration, resulting in the loss of epithelial barrier function and subsequent tissue destruction. This is accompanied by the activation and the massive remodeling of mucosal micro-vessels. The role of the gut vasculature in the induction and perpetuation of mucosal inflammation is receiving increasing recognition. While the vascular barrier is considered to offer protection against bacterial translocation and sepsis after the breakdown of the epithelial barrier, endothelium activation and angiogenesis are thought to promote inflammation. The present review examines the respective pathological contributions of the different phenotypical changes observed in the microvascular endothelium during IBD, and provides an overview of potential vessel-specific targeted therapy options for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Ring A, Nguyen-Sträuli BD, Wicki A, Aceto N. Biology, vulnerabilities and clinical applications of circulating tumour cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:95-111. [PMID: 36494603 PMCID: PMC9734934 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, exceptional technological advances have enabled the identification and interrogation of rare circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from blood samples of patients, leading to new fields of research and fostering the promise for paradigm-changing, liquid biopsy-based clinical applications. Analysis of CTCs has revealed distinct biological phenotypes, including the presence of CTC clusters and the interaction between CTCs and immune or stromal cells, impacting metastasis formation and providing new insights into cancer vulnerabilities. Here we review the progress made in understanding biological features of CTCs and provide insight into exploiting these developments to design future clinical tools for improving the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ring
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Shabani Z, Schuerger J, Su H. Cellular loci involved in the development of brain arteriovenous malformations. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:968369. [PMID: 36211120 PMCID: PMC9532630 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.968369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are abnormal vessels that are prone to rupture, causing life-threatening intracranial bleeding. The mechanism of bAVM formation is poorly understood. Nevertheless, animal studies revealed that gene mutation in endothelial cells (ECs) and angiogenic stimulation are necessary for bAVM initiation. Evidence collected through analyzing bAVM specimens of human and mouse models indicate that cells other than ECs also are involved in bAVM pathogenesis. Both human and mouse bAVMs vessels showed lower mural cell-coverage, suggesting a role of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in bAVM pathogenesis. Perivascular astrocytes also are important in maintaining cerebral vascular function and take part in bAVM development. Furthermore, higher inflammatory cytokines in bAVM tissue and blood demonstrate the contribution of inflammatory cells in bAVM progression, and rupture. The goal of this paper is to provide our current understanding of the roles of different cellular loci in bAVM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabani
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joana Schuerger
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hua Su
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Su, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-9877
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12
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, García MP, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF, Rodríguez Bello A. Comparison of the Behavior of Perivascular Cells (Pericytes and CD34+ Stromal Cell/Telocytes) in Sprouting and Intussusceptive Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169010. [PMID: 36012273 PMCID: PMC9409369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular cells in the pericytic microvasculature, pericytes and CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes (CD34+SCs/TCs), have an important role in angiogenesis. We compare the behavior of these cells depending on whether the growth of endothelial cells (ECs) from the pre-existing microvasculature is toward the interstitium with vascular bud and neovessel formation (sprouting angiogenesis) or toward the vascular lumen with intravascular pillar development and vessel division (intussusceptive angiogenesis). Detachment from the vascular wall, mobilization, proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation of pericytes and CD34+SCs/TCs, as well as associated changes in vessel permeability and functionality, and modifications of the extracellular matrix are more intense, longer lasting over time, and with a greater energy cost in sprouting angiogenesis than in intussusceptive angiogenesis, in which some of the aforementioned events do not occur or are compensated for by others (e.g., sparse EC and pericyte proliferation by cell elongation and thinning). The governing mechanisms involve cell-cell contacts (e.g., peg-and-socket junctions between pericytes and ECs), multiple autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules and pathways (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, angiopoietins, transforming growth factor B, ephrins, semaphorins, and metalloproteinases), and other factors (e.g., hypoxia, vascular patency, and blood flow). Pericytes participate in vessel development, stabilization, maturation and regression in sprouting angiogenesis, and in interstitial tissue structure formation of the pillar core in intussusceptive angiogenesis. In sprouting angiogenesis, proliferating perivascular CD34+SCs/TCs are an important source of stromal cells during repair through granulation tissue formation and of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumors. Conversely, CD34+SCs/TCs have less participation as precursor cells in intussusceptive angiogenesis. The dysfunction of these mechanisms is involved in several diseases, including neoplasms, with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-319317; Fax: +34-922-319279
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Pino García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins Megalab–Hospiten Hospitals, 38100 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lucio Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aixa Rodríguez Bello
- Department of Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Spain
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13
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Rattner A, Wang Y, Nathans J. Signaling Pathways in Neurovascular Development. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:87-108. [PMID: 35803586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During development, the central nervous system (CNS) vasculature grows to precisely meet the metabolic demands of neurons and glia. In addition, the vast majority of the CNS vasculature acquires a unique set of molecular and cellular properties-collectively referred to as the blood-brain barrier-that minimize passive diffusion of molecules between the blood and the CNS parenchyma. Both of these processes are controlled by signals emanating from neurons and glia. In this review, we describe the nature and mechanisms-of-action of these signals, with an emphasis on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and beta-catenin (canonical Wnt) signaling, the two best-understood systems that regulate CNS vascular development. We highlight foundational discoveries, interactions between different signaling systems, the integration of genetic and cell biological studies, advances that are of clinical relevance, and questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;
| | - Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Departments of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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14
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Bhatia S, Nguyen D, Darragh LB, Van Court B, Sharma J, Knitz MW, Piper M, Bukkapatnam S, Gadwa J, Bickett TE, Bhuvane S, Corbo S, Wu B, Lee Y, Fujita M, Joshi M, Heasley LE, Ferris RL, Rodriguez O, Albanese C, Kapoor M, Pasquale EB, Karam SD. EphB4 and ephrinB2 act in opposition in the head and neck tumor microenvironment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3535. [PMID: 35725568 PMCID: PMC9209511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential outcomes of EphB4-ephrinB2 signaling offers formidable challenge for the development of cancer therapeutics. Here, we interrogate the effects of targeting EphB4 and ephrinB2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and within its microenvironment using genetically engineered mice, recombinant constructs, pharmacologic agonists and antagonists. We observe that manipulating the EphB4 intracellular domain on cancer cells accelerates tumor growth and angiogenesis. EphB4 cancer cell loss also triggers compensatory upregulation of EphA4 and T regulatory cells (Tregs) influx and their targeting results in reversal of accelerated tumor growth mediated by EphB4 knockdown. EphrinB2 knockout on cancer cells and vasculature, on the other hand, results in maximal tumor reduction and vascular normalization. We report that EphB4 agonism provides no additional anti-tumoral benefit in the absence of ephrinB2. These results identify ephrinB2 as a tumor promoter and its receptor, EphB4, as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC, presenting opportunities for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diemmy Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurel B Darragh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Van Court
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jaspreet Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael W Knitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miles Piper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sanjana Bukkapatnam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob Gadwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Bickett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shiv Bhuvane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sophia Corbo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian Wu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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15
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Bush JO. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of EPH/EPHRIN signaling in evolution and development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:153-201. [PMID: 35606056 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The EPH receptor tyrosine kinases and their signaling partners, the EPHRINS, comprise a large class of cell signaling molecules that plays diverse roles in development. As cell membrane-anchored signaling molecules, they regulate cellular organization by modulating the strength of cellular contacts, usually by impacting the actin cytoskeleton or cell adhesion programs. Through these cellular functions, EPH/EPHRIN signaling often regulates tissue shape. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that this signaling family is ancient and associated with the origin of multicellularity. Though extensively studied, our understanding of the signaling mechanisms employed by this large family of signaling proteins remains patchwork, and a truly "canonical" EPH/EPHRIN signal transduction pathway is not known and may not exist. Instead, several foundational evolutionarily conserved mechanisms are overlaid by a myriad of tissue -specific functions, though common themes emerge from these as well. Here, I review recent advances and the related contexts that have provided new understanding of the conserved and varied molecular and cellular mechanisms employed by EPH/EPHRIN signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O Bush
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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16
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Broggini T, Stange L, Lucia KE, Vajkoczy P, Czabanka M. Endothelial EphrinB2 Regulates Sunitinib Therapy Response in Murine Glioma. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050691. [PMID: 35629359 PMCID: PMC9146972 DOI: 10.3390/life12050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular guidance is critical in developmental vasculogenesis and pathological angiogenesis. Brain tumors are strongly vascularized, and antiangiogenic therapy was anticipated to exhibit a strong anti-tumor effect in this tumor type. However, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) specific inhibition had no significant impact in clinical practice of gliomas. More research is needed to understand the failure of this therapeutic approach. EphrinB2 has been found to directly interact with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and regulate its activity. Here we analyzed the expression of ephrinB2 and EphB4 in human glioma, we observed vascular localization of ephrinB2 in physiology and pathology and found a significant survival reduction in patients with elevated ephrinB2 tumor expression. Induced endothelial specific depletion of ephrinB2 in the adult mouse (efnb2i∆EC) had no effect on the quiescent vascular system of the brain. However, we found glioma growth and perfusion altered in efnb2i∆EC animals similar to the effects observed with antiangiogenic therapy. No additional anti-tumor effect was observed in efnb2i∆EC animals treated with antiangiogenic therapy. Our data indicate that ephrinB2 and VEGFR2 converge on the same pathway and intervention with either molecule results in a reduction in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lena Stange
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Kristin Elizabeth Lucia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (L.S.); (K.E.L.); (M.C.)
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17
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Leng T, Wang Y, Cheng W, Wang W, Qu X, Lei B. Bioactive anti-inflammatory antibacterial metformin-contained hydrogel dressing accelerating wound healing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212737. [PMID: 35929210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient wound healing and skin regeneration remain a challenge. Long-term inflammation and bacterial infection can inhibit the healing process and lead to the scar formation. Here, we report a hydrogel (FEM) formed by self-assembly of ε-poly-l-lysine-F127-ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL-F127-EPL) and metformin for wound repair. Especially, the role of metformin-based antibacterial hydrogel in wound healing and repair was investigated for the first time. FEM has inherent multifunctional properties, including controlled metformin release, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity, temperature responsiveness, injectable and self-healing capabilities. The in vivo results showed that FEM dressings accelerated the wound healing by stimulating the angiogenesis process of the wound tissue and anti-inflammation. This study shows that the multifunctional metformin-contained hydrogel scaffolds could enhance the wound repair through the anti-inflammation and accelerated angiogenesis, which could also expand the biomedical applications of metformin-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Leng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wensi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Instrument Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.
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18
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Srinivasan S, Kryza T, Batra J, Clements J. Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:223-238. [PMID: 35102281 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment. KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including hormones and growth factors, membrane receptors and the extracellular matrix architecture involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Perturbations of the proteolytic cascade generated by these peptidases, and their downstream signalling actions, underlie tumour emergence or blockade of tumour growth. Recent studies have also revealed their role in tumour immune suppression and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the KLK family and its context-dependent nature in cancer, and discuss the different therapeutic strategies available to potentially target these proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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19
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Baek KI, Chang SS, Chang CC, Roustaei M, Ding Y, Wang Y, Chen J, O'Donnell R, Chen H, Ashby JW, Xu X, Mack JJ, Cavallero S, Roper M, Hsiai TK. Vascular Injury in the Zebrafish Tail Modulates Blood Flow and Peak Wall Shear Stress to Restore Embryonic Circular Network. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:841101. [PMID: 35369301 PMCID: PMC8971683 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.841101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechano-responsive signaling pathways enable blood vessels within a connected network to structurally adapt to partition of blood flow between organ systems. Wall shear stress (WSS) modulates endothelial cell proliferation and arteriovenous specification. Here, we study vascular regeneration in a zebrafish model by using tail amputation to disrupt the embryonic circulatory loop (ECL) at 3 days post fertilization (dpf). We observed a local increase in blood flow and peak WSS in the Segmental Artery (SeA) immediately adjacent to the amputation site. By manipulating blood flow and WSS via changes in blood viscosity and myocardial contractility, we show that the angiogenic Notch-ephrinb2 cascade is hemodynamically activated in the SeA to guide arteriogenesis and network reconnection. Taken together, ECL amputation induces changes in microvascular topology to partition blood flow and increase WSS-mediated Notch-ephrinb2 pathway, promoting new vascular arterial loop formation and restoring microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung In Baek
- Department of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shyr-Shea Chang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Justin Chen
- Department of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julianne W. Ashby
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Zebrafish Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julia J. Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marcus Roper
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Klostranec JM, Krings T. Cerebral neurovascular embryology, anatomic variations, and congenital brain arteriovenous lesions. J Neurointerv Surg 2022; 14:910-919. [PMID: 35169032 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral neurovascular development is a complex and coordinated process driven by the changing spatial and temporal metabolic demands of the developing brain. Familiarity with the process is helpful in understanding neurovascular anatomic variants and congenital arteriovenous shunting lesions encountered in endovascular neuroradiological practice. Herein, the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are reviewed, followed by examination of the morphogenesis of the cerebral arterial and venous systems. Common arterial anatomic variants are reviewed with an emphasis on their development. Finally, endothelial genetic mutations affecting angiogenesis are examined to consider their probable role in the development of three types of congenital brain arteriovenous fistulas: vein of Galen malformations, pial arteriovenous fistulas, and dural sinus malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Klostranec
- Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timo Krings
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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EphrinB2-EphB4 Signaling in Neurooncological Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031679. [PMID: 35163601 PMCID: PMC8836162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EphrinB2-EphB4 signaling is critical during embryogenesis for cardiovascular formation and neuronal guidance. Intriguingly, critical expression patterns have been discovered in cancer pathologies over the last two decades. Multiple connections to tumor migration, growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis have been identified in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular signaling pathways are manifold and signaling of the EphB4 receptor or the ephrinB2 ligand is cancer type specific. Here we explore the impact of these signaling pathways in neurooncological disease, including glioma, brain metastasis, and spinal bone metastasis. We identify potential downstream pathways that mediate cancer suppression or progression and seek to understand it´s role in antiangiogenic therapy resistance in glioma. Despite the Janus-faced functions of ephrinB2-EphB4 signaling in cancer Eph signaling remains a promising clinical target.
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22
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Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors Targeting the Eph-Ephrin System with a Focus on Amino Acid Conjugates of Bile Acids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020137. [PMID: 35215250 PMCID: PMC8880657 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the Eph-ephrin system in the etiology of pathological conditions has been consolidated throughout the years. In this context, approaches directed against this signaling system, intended to modulate its activity, can be strategic therapeutic opportunities. Currently, the most promising class of compounds able to interfere with the Eph receptor-ephrin protein interaction is composed of synthetic derivatives of bile acids. In the present review, we summarize the progresses achieved, in terms of chemical expansions and structure-activity relationships, both in the steroidal core and the terminal carboxylic acid group, along with the pharmacological characterization for the most promising Eph-ephrin antagonists in in vivo settings.
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23
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Cholenic acid derivative UniPR1331 impairs tumor angiogenesis via blockade of VEGF/VEGFR2 in addition to Eph/ephrin. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:908-917. [PMID: 34426652 PMCID: PMC9293752 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is crucial for tumor growth and metastatization, and is considered a promising therapeutic target. Unfortunately, drugs directed against a specific proangiogenic growth factor or receptor turned out to be of limited benefit for oncology patients, likely due to the high biochemical redundancy of the neovascularization process. In this scenario, multitarget compounds that are able to simultaneously tackle different proangiogenic pathways are eagerly awaited. UniPR1331 is a 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-cholenic acid derivative, which is already known to inhibit Eph-ephrin interaction. Here, we employed an analysis pipeline consisting of molecular modeling and simulation, surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, biochemical assays, and endothelial cell models to demonstrate that UniPR1331 directly interacts with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) too. The binding of UniPR1331 to VEGFR2 prevents its interaction with the natural ligand vascular endothelial growth factor and subsequent autophosphorylation, signal transduction, and in vitro proangiogenic activation of endothelial cells. In vivo, UniPR1331 inhibits tumor cell-driven angiogenesis in zebrafish. Taken together, these data shed light on the pleiotropic pharmacological effect of UniPR1331, and point to Δ5-cholenic acid as a promising molecular scaffold for the development of multitarget antiangiogenic compounds.
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24
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Sheng CZ, Yao GX, Zhang XR, Li D. Correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion parameters and EphB4 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma lesions. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1084-1088. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i18.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of tumor with rich blood supply. The changes of blood perfusion occur in the whole pathological process of the tumor. By analyzing the changes of blood perfusion, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can objectively assess the state of angiogenesis, and then indirectly analyze its pathobiological characteristics, which has important clinical significance.
AIM To investigate the correlation between the perfusion parameters of CEUS and ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EphB4) expression in HCC lesions.
METHODS Fifty-two patients with HCC who underwent surgical resection at our hospital were selected as the subjects. All patients were examined by CEUS within 1 wk before operation, and the perfusion parameters of HCC and paracancerous tissues were measured, including maximum intensity (IMAX), time to peak (TTP), and washout time (WT). After operation, the specimens of HCC and paracancerous tissues were sent for pathological examination, and EphB4 expression and microvessel density (MVD) were measured.
RESULTS IMAX in HCC was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (P < 0.05). TTP and WT in HCC were significantly shorter than those in paracancerous tissue (P < 0.05). EphB4 expression and MVD in HCC were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissue (P < 0.05). EphB4 expression in HCC was positively correlated with IMAX (r = 0.862, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with TTP and WT (r = -0.765, r = -0.781, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION CEUS can quantitatively evaluate the flow state of HCC microcirculation, and there is a certain correlation between perfusion parameters and EphB4 expression, which can provide reference for clinical non-invasive evaluation of EphB4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-ZhuoYa Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Deqing People's Hospital, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gen-Xin Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, Deqing People's Hospital, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Deqing People's Hospital, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
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25
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Aspriţoiu VM, Stoica I, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC. Epigenetic Regulation of Angiogenesis in Development and Tumors Progression: Potential Implications for Cancer Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689962. [PMID: 34552922 PMCID: PMC8451900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multi-stage process of new blood vessel development from pre-existing vessels toward an angiogenic stimulus. The process is essential for tissue maintenance and homeostasis during embryonic development and adult life as well as tumor growth. Under normal conditions, angiogenesis is involved in physiological processes, such as wound healing, cyclic regeneration of the endometrium, placental development and repairing certain cardiac damage, in pathological conditions, it is frequently associated with cancer development and metastasis. The control mechanisms of angiogenesis in carcinogenesis are tightly regulated at the genetic and epigenetic level. While genetic alterations are the critical part of gene silencing in cancer cells, epigenetic dysregulation can lead to repression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogene activation, becoming an important event in early development and the late stages of tumor development, as well. The global alteration of the epigenetic spectrum, which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, microRNAs, and other chromatin components, is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer, and the efforts are concentrated on the discovery of molecular epigenetic markers that identify cancerous precursor lesions or early stage cancer. This review aims to highlight recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic changes that can occur in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and analyze current knowledge on how deregulation of epigenetic modifiers contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. Also, we will evaluate the clinical relevance of epigenetic markers of angiogenesis and the potential use of "epi-drugs" in modulating the responsiveness of cancer cells to anticancer therapy through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and hormone therapy as anti-angiogenic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Romanian Academy, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
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26
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Kaczmarek R, Gajdzis P, Gajdzis M. Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126207. [PMID: 34201393 PMCID: PMC8227845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are the leading cause of irreversible blindness. They affect people of all ages, from newborns in retinopathy of prematurity, through age-independent diabetic retinopathy and complications of retinal detachment, to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which occurs mainly in the elderly. Generally speaking, the causes of all problems are disturbances in blood supply, hypoxia, the formation of abnormal blood vessels, and fibrosis. Although the detailed mechanisms underlying them are varied, the common point is the involvement of Eph receptors and ephrins in their pathogenesis. In our study, we briefly discussed the pathophysiology of the most common retinal diseases (diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and choroidal neovascularization) and collected available research results on the role of Eph and ephrins. We also discussed the safety aspect of the use of drugs acting on Eph and ephrin for ophthalmic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Pawel Gajdzis
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Gajdzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +00-48-71-736-4300
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27
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Donato C, Kunz L, Castro-Giner F, Paasinen-Sohns A, Strittmatter K, Szczerba BM, Scherrer R, Di Maggio N, Heusermann W, Biehlmaier O, Beisel C, Vetter M, Rochlitz C, Weber WP, Banfi A, Schroeder T, Aceto N. Hypoxia Triggers the Intravasation of Clustered Circulating Tumor Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108105. [PMID: 32905777 PMCID: PMC7487783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from solid cancers in the form of single or clustered cells, and the latter display an extraordinary ability to initiate metastasis. Yet, the biological phenomena that trigger the shedding of CTC clusters from a primary cancerous lesion are poorly understood. Here, when dynamically labeling breast cancer cells along cancer progression, we observe that the majority of CTC clusters are undergoing hypoxia, while single CTCs are largely normoxic. Strikingly, we find that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting leads to primary tumor shrinkage, but it increases intra-tumor hypoxia, resulting in a higher CTC cluster shedding rate and metastasis formation. Conversely, pro-angiogenic treatment increases primary tumor size, yet it dramatically suppresses the formation of CTC clusters and metastasis. Thus, intra-tumor hypoxia leads to the formation of clustered CTCs with high metastatic ability, and a pro-angiogenic therapy suppresses metastasis formation through prevention of CTC cluster generation. Hypoxia leads to cell-cell junction upregulation and intravasation of CTC clusters Hypoxic CTC clusters are highly metastatic compared to normoxic CTCs Increase in intra-tumor hypoxia leads to accelerated metastasis Treatment with EpB2 reduces hypoxia and prevents CTC cluster formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Donato
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leo Kunz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Castro-Giner
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aino Paasinen-Sohns
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karin Strittmatter
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Maria Szczerba
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramona Scherrer
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Department of Biomedicine, Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolf Heusermann
- IMCF Imaging Core Facility Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Biehlmaier
- IMCF Imaging Core Facility Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Vetter
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Rochlitz
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Paul Weber
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine, Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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29
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Alternative Vascularization Mechanisms in Tumor Resistance to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081912. [PMID: 33921099 PMCID: PMC8071410 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors rely on blood vessels to grow and metastasize. Malignant tumors can employ different strategies to create a functional vascular network. Tumor cells can use normal processes of vessel formation but can also employ cancer-specific mechanisms, by co-opting normal vessels present in tissues or by turning themselves into vascular cells. These different types of tumor vessels have specific molecular and functional characteristics that profoundly affect tumor behavior and response to therapies, including drugs targeting the tumor vasculature (antiangiogenic therapies). In this review, we discuss how vessels formed by different mechanisms affect the intrinsic sensitivity of tumors to therapy and, on the other hand, how therapies can affect tumor vessel formation, leading to resistance to drugs, cancer recurrence, and treatment failure. Potential strategies to avoid vessel-mediated resistance to antineoplastic therapies will be discussed. Abstract Blood vessels in tumors are formed through a variety of different mechanisms, each generating vessels with peculiar structural, molecular, and functional properties. This heterogeneity has a major impact on tumor response or resistance to antineoplastic therapies and is now emerging as a promising target for strategies to prevent drug resistance and improve the distribution and efficacy of antineoplastic treatments. This review presents evidence of how different mechanisms of tumor vessel formation (vasculogenesis, glomeruloid proliferation, intussusceptive angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and vessel co-option) affect tumor responses to antiangiogenic and antineoplastic therapies, but also how therapies can promote alternative mechanisms of vessel formation, contributing to tumor recurrence, malignant progression, and acquired drug resistance. We discuss the possibility of tailoring treatment strategies to overcome vasculature-mediated drug resistance or to improve drug distribution and efficacy.
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30
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Morton AB, Jacobsen NL, Segal SS. Functionalizing biomaterials to promote neurovascular regeneration following skeletal muscle injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C1099-C1111. [PMID: 33852364 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00501.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, blood vessels and nerves develop with similar branching structure in response to shared signaling pathways guiding network growth. With both systems integral to physiological homeostasis, dual targeting of blood vessels and nerves to promote neurovascular regeneration following injury is an emerging therapeutic approach in biomedical engineering. A limitation to this strategy is that the nature of cross talk between emergent vessels and nerves during regeneration in an adult is poorly understood. Following peripheral nerve transection, intraneural vascular cells infiltrate the site of injury to provide a migratory pathway for mobilized Schwann cells of regenerating axons. As Schwann cells demyelinate, they secrete vascular endothelial growth factor, which promotes angiogenesis. Recent advances point to concomitant restoration of neurovascular architecture and function through simultaneous targeting of growth factors and guidance cues shared by both systems during regeneration. In the context of traumatic injury associated with volumetric muscle loss, we consider the nature of biomaterials used to engineer three-dimensional scaffolds, functionalization of scaffolds with molecular signals that guide and promote neurovascular growth, and seeding scaffolds with progenitor cells. Physiological success is defined by each tissue component of the bioconstruct (nerve, vessel, muscle) becoming integrated with that of the host. Advances in microfabrication, cell culture techniques, and progenitor cell biology hold great promise for engineering bioconstructs able to restore organ function after volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Morton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nicole L Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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31
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Arthur A, Gronthos S. Eph-Ephrin Signaling Mediates Cross-Talk Within the Bone Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:598612. [PMID: 33634116 PMCID: PMC7902060 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.598612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal integrity is maintained through the tightly regulated bone remodeling process that occurs continuously throughout postnatal life to replace old bone and to repair skeletal damage. This is maintained primarily through complex interactions between bone resorbing osteoclasts and bone forming osteoblasts. Other elements within the bone microenvironment, including stromal, osteogenic, hematopoietic, endothelial and neural cells, also contribute to maintaining skeletal integrity. Disruption of the dynamic interactions between these diverse cellular systems can lead to poor bone health and an increased susceptibility to skeletal diseases including osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia, and major fractures. Recent reports have implicated a direct role for the Eph tyrosine kinase receptors and their ephrin ligands during bone development, homeostasis and skeletal repair. These membrane-bound molecules mediate contact-dependent signaling through both the Eph receptors, termed forward signaling, and through the ephrin ligands, referred to as reverse signaling. This review will focus on Eph/ ephrin cross-talk as mediators of hematopoietic and stromal cell communication, and how these interactions contribute to blood/ bone marrow function and skeletal integrity during normal steady state or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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32
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Oleari R, André V, Lettieri A, Tahir S, Roth L, Paganoni A, Eberini I, Parravicini C, Scagliotti V, Cotellessa L, Bedogni F, De Martini LB, Corridori MV, Gulli S, Augustin HG, Gaston-Massuet C, Hussain K, Cariboni A. A Novel SEMA3G Mutation in Two Siblings Affected by Syndromic GnRH Deficiency. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:421-441. [PMID: 32365351 DOI: 10.1159/000508375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency causes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), a rare genetic disorder that impairs sexual reproduction. HH can be due to defective GnRH-secreting neuron development or function and may be associated with other clinical signs in overlapping genetic syndromes. With most of the cases being idiopathic, genetics underlying HH is still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the contribution of mutated Semaphorin 3G (SEMA3G) in the onset of a syndromic form of HH, characterized by intellectual disability and facial dysmorphic features. METHOD By combining homozygosity mapping with exome sequencing, we identified a novel variant in the SEMA3G gene. We then applied mouse as a model organism to examine SEMA3Gexpression and its functional requirement in vivo. Further, we applied homology modelling in silico and cell culture assays in vitro to validate the pathogenicity of the identified gene variant. RESULTS We found that (i) SEMA3G is expressed along the migratory route of GnRH neurons and in the developing pituitary, (ii) SEMA3G affects GnRH neuron development, but is redundant in the adult hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and (iii) mutated SEMA3G alters binding properties in silico and in vitro to its PlexinA receptors and attenuates its effect on the migration of immortalized GnRH neurons. CONCLUSION In silico, in vitro, and in vivo models revealed that SEMA3G regulates GnRH neuron migration and that its mutation affecting receptor selectivity may be responsible for the HH-related defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina André
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sophia Tahir
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lise Roth
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alyssa Paganoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovica Cotellessa
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bedogni
- San Raffaele Rett Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Simona Gulli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Sidra Medical & Research Center, Division of Endocrinology OPC, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,
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33
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Ricard N, Bailly S, Guignabert C, Simons M. The quiescent endothelium: signalling pathways regulating organ-specific endothelial normalcy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:565-580. [PMID: 33627876 PMCID: PMC7903932 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are at the interface between circulating blood and tissues. This position confers on them a crucial role in controlling oxygen and nutrient exchange and cellular trafficking between blood and the perfused organs. The endothelium adopts a structure that is specific to the needs and function of each tissue and organ and is subject to tissue-specific signalling input. In adults, endothelial cells are quiescent, meaning that they are not proliferating. Quiescence was considered to be a state in which endothelial cells are not stimulated but are instead slumbering and awaiting activating signals. However, new evidence shows that quiescent endothelium is fully awake, that it constantly receives and initiates functionally important signalling inputs and that this state is actively regulated. Signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of functionally quiescent endothelia are starting to be identified and are a combination of endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and mechanical inputs. The paracrine pathways confer a microenvironment on the endothelial cells that is specific to the perfused organs and tissues. In this Review, we present the current knowledge of organ-specific signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of endothelial quiescence and the pathologies associated with their disruption. Linking organ-specific pathways and human vascular pathologies will pave the way towards the development of innovative preventive strategies and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ricard
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Sabine Bailly
- grid.457348.9Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- grid.414221.0INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Simons
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Wang X, Bove AM, Simone G, Ma B. Molecular Bases of VEGFR-2-Mediated Physiological Function and Pathological Role. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:599281. [PMID: 33304904 PMCID: PMC7701214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) play crucial roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is an important mechanism in many physiological and pathological processes, and is involved in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival, then leads to further tubulogenesis, and finally promotes formation of vessels. This series of signaling cascade pathways are precisely mediated by VEGF/VEGFR-2 system. The VEGF binding to the IgD2 and IgD3 of VEGFR-2 induces the dimerization of the receptor, subsequently the activation and trans-autophosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase, and then the initiation of the intracellular signaling cascades. Finally the VEGF-activated VEGFR-2 stimulates and mediates variety of signaling transduction, biological responses, and pathological processes in angiogenesis. Several crucial phosphorylated sites Tyr801, Try951, Try1175, and Try1214 in the VEGFR-2 intracellular domains mediate several key signaling processes including PLCγ-PKC, TSAd-Src-PI3K-Akt, SHB-FAK-paxillin, SHB-PI3K-Akt, and NCK-p38-MAPKAPK2/3 pathways. Based on the molecular structure and signaling pathways of VEGFR-2, the strategy of the VEGFR-2-targeted therapy should be considered to employ in the treatment of the VEGF/VEGFR-2-associated diseases by blocking the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, inhibiting VEGF and VEGFR-2 gene expression, blocking the binding of VEGF and VEGFR-2, and preventing the proliferation, migration, and survival of vascular endothelial cells expressing VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | - Binyun Ma
- Department of Medicine/Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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35
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Mühleder S, Fernández-Chacón M, Garcia-Gonzalez I, Benedito R. Endothelial sprouting, proliferation, or senescence: tipping the balance from physiology to pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1329-1354. [PMID: 33078209 PMCID: PMC7904752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic modulation of vascular cell proliferation and migration is essential for the effective inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer or its induction in cardiovascular disease. The general view is that an increase in vascular growth factor levels or mitogenic stimulation is beneficial for angiogenesis, since it leads to an increase in both endothelial proliferation and sprouting. However, several recent studies showed that an increase in mitogenic stimuli can also lead to the arrest of angiogenesis. This is due to the existence of intrinsic signaling feedback loops and cell cycle checkpoints that work in synchrony to maintain a balance between endothelial proliferation and sprouting. This balance is tightly and effectively regulated during tissue growth and is often deregulated or impaired in disease. Most therapeutic strategies used so far to promote vascular growth simply increase mitogenic stimuli, without taking into account its deleterious effects on this balance and on vascular cells. Here, we review the main findings on the mechanisms controlling physiological vascular sprouting, proliferation, and senescence and how those mechanisms are often deregulated in acquired or congenital cardiovascular disease leading to a diverse range of pathologies. We also discuss alternative approaches to increase the effectiveness of pro-angiogenic therapies in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mühleder
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Fernández-Chacón
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Garcia-Gonzalez
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Santamaría R, González-Álvarez M, Delgado R, Esteban S, Arroyo AG. Remodeling of the Microvasculature: May the Blood Flow Be With You. Front Physiol 2020; 11:586852. [PMID: 33178049 PMCID: PMC7593767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.586852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature ensures optimal delivery of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body, and to achieve this function it must continually adapt to varying tissue demands. Newly formed vascular plexuses during development are immature and require dynamic remodeling to generate well-patterned functional networks. This is achieved by remodeling of the capillaries preserving those which are functional and eliminating other ones. A balanced and dynamically regulated capillary remodeling will therefore ensure optimal distribution of blood and nutrients to the tissues. This is particularly important in pathological contexts in which deficient or excessive vascular remodeling may worsen tissue perfusion and hamper tissue repair. Blood flow is a major determinant of microvascular reshaping since capillaries are pruned when relatively less perfused and they split when exposed to high flow in order to shape the microvascular network for optimal tissue perfusion and oxygenation. The molecular machinery underlying blood flow sensing by endothelial cells is being deciphered, but much less is known about how this translates into endothelial cell responses as alignment, polarization and directed migration to drive capillary remodeling, particularly in vivo. Part of this knowledge is theoretical from computational models since blood flow hemodynamics are not easily recapitulated by in vitro or ex vivo approaches. Moreover, these events are difficult to visualize in vivo due to their infrequency and briefness. Studies had been limited to postnatal mouse retina and vascular beds in zebrafish but new tools as advanced microscopy and image analysis are strengthening our understanding of capillary remodeling. In this review we introduce the concept of remodeling of the microvasculature and its relevance in physiology and pathology. We summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms contributing to capillary regression and to capillary splitting highlighting the key role of blood flow to orchestrate these processes. Finally, we comment the potential and possibilities that microfluidics offers to this field. Since capillary remodeling mechanisms are often reactivated in prevalent pathologies as cancer and cardiovascular disease, all this knowledge could be eventually used to improve the functionality of capillary networks in diseased tissues and promote their repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santamaría
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Delgado
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esteban
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G. Arroyo
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Olejarz W, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Chrzanowska A, Lorenc T. Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165840. [PMID: 32823989 PMCID: PMC7461570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- 1st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-1073
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38
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Wan X, Saban DV, Kim SN, Weng Y, Dammann P, Keyvani K, Sure U, Zhu Y. PDCD10-Deficiency Promotes Malignant Behaviors and Tumor Growth via Triggering EphB4 Kinase Activity in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1377. [PMID: 32850441 PMCID: PMC7427606 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported an angiogenic and tumor-suppressor-like function of programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that loss of PDCD10 activates GBM cells and tumor progression via EphB4. To this end, PDCD10 was knocked down in U87 and T98g by lentiviral mediated shRNA transduction (shPDCD10). GBM cell phenotype in vitro and tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model were investigated in presence or absence of the treatment with a specific EphB4 kinase inhibitor NVP-BHG712 (NVP). We demonstrated that knockdown of PDCD10 in GBM cells significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of EphB4 accompanied by the activation of Erk1/2. EphB4 kinase activity, reflected by phospho-EphB4, significantly increased in shPDCD10 GBM cells, and in tumors derived from shPDCD10 GBM xenografts, which was abolished by the treatment with NVP. Furthermore, NVP treatment significantly suppressed PDCD10-knockdown mediated aggressive GBM cell phenotype in vitro and extensive tumor cell proliferation, the tumor neo-angiogenesis, and a quick progression of tumor formation in vivo. In summary, loss of PDCD10 activates GBM cells and promotes tumor growth via triggering EphB4. Targeting EphB4 might be an effective strategy particularly for the personalized therapy in GBM patients with PDCD10-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dino Vitali Saban
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Su Na Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yinlun Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
All organisms growing beyond the oxygen diffusion limit critically depend on a functional vasculature for survival. Yet blood vessels are far more than passive, uniform conduits for oxygen and nutrient supply. A remarkable organotypic heterogeneity is brought about by tissue-specific differentiated endothelial cells (lining the blood vessels' lumen) and allows blood vessels to deal with organ-specific demands for homeostasis. On the flip side, when blood vessels go awry, they promote life-threatening diseases characterized by endothelial cells inappropriately adopting an angiogenic state (eg, tumor vascularization) or becoming dysfunctional (eg, diabetic microvasculopathies), calling respectively for antiangiogenic therapies and proangiogenic/vascular regenerative strategies. In solid tumors, despite initial enthusiasm, growth factor-based (mostly anti-VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]) antiangiogenic therapies do not sufficiently live up to the expectations in terms of efficiency and patient survival, in part, due to intrinsic and acquired therapy resistance. Tumors cunningly deploy alternative growth factors than the ones targeted by the antiangiogenic therapies to reinstigate angiogenesis or revert to other ways of securing blood flow, independently of the targeted growth factors. In trying to alleviate tissue ischemia and to repair dysfunctional or damaged endothelium, local in-tissue administration of (genes encoding) proangiogenic factors or endothelial (stem) cells harnessing regenerative potential have been explored. Notwithstanding evaluation in clinical trials, these approaches are often hampered by dosing issues and limited half-life or local retention of the administered agents. Here, without intending to provide an all-encompassing historical overview, we focus on some recent advances in understanding endothelial cell behavior in health and disease and identify novel molecular players and concepts that could eventually be considered for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- From the Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium (G.E., L.T., P.C.)
| | - Lucas Treps
- From the Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium (G.E., L.T., P.C.)
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China (X.L., P.C.)
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- From the Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium (G.E., L.T., P.C.).,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China (X.L., P.C.)
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40
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Park SY, Matte A, Jung Y, Ryu J, Anand WB, Han EY, Liu M, Carbone C, Melisi D, Nagasawa T, Locascio JJ, Lin CP, Silberstein LE, De Franceschi L. Pathologic angiogenesis in the bone marrow of humanized sickle cell mice is reversed by blood transfusion. Blood 2020; 135:2071-2084. [PMID: 31990287 PMCID: PMC7273832 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic red blood cell (RBC) disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we report, for the first time, the impact of SCD on the bone marrow (BM) vascular niche, which is critical for hematopoiesis. In SCD mice, we find a disorganized and structurally abnormal BM vascular network of increased numbers of highly tortuous arterioles occupying the majority of the BM cavity, as well as fragmented sinusoidal vessels filled with aggregates of erythroid and myeloid cells. By in vivo imaging, sickle and control RBCs have significantly slow intravascular flow speeds in sickle cell BM but not in control BM. In sickle cell BM, we find increased reactive oxygen species production in expanded erythroblast populations and elevated levels of HIF-1α. The SCD BM exudate exhibits increased levels of proangiogenic growth factors and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Transplantation of SCD mouse BM cells into wild-type mice recapitulates the SCD vascular phenotype. Our data provide a model of SCD BM, in which slow RBC flow and vaso-occlusions further diminish local oxygen availability in the physiologic hypoxic BM cavity. These events trigger a milieu that is conducive to aberrant vessel growth. The distorted neovascular network is completely reversed by a 6-week blood transfusion regimen targeting hemoglobin S to <30%, highlighting the plasticity of the vascular niche. A better insight into the BM microenvironments in SCD might provide opportunities to optimize approaches toward efficient and long-term hematopoietic engraftment in the context of curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yookyung Jung
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Ryu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wilson Babu Anand
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eun-Young Han
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Min Liu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
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Du E, Li X, He S, Li X, He S. The critical role of the interplays of EphrinB2/EphB4 and VEGF in the induction of angiogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4681-4690. [PMID: 32488576 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The significant role of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) as an angiogenesis inducer is well recognized. Besides VEGF, EphrinB2/EphB4 also plays essential roles in vascular development and postnatal angiogenesis. Compared with classical proangiogenic factors, not only does EphrinB2/EphB4 promote sprouting of new vessels, it is also involved in the vessel maturation. Given their involvement in many physiologic and pathological conditions, EphB4 and EphrinB2 are increasingly recognized as attractive therapeutic targets for angiogenesis-related diseases through modulating their expression and function. Previous works mainly focused on the individual role of VEGF and EphrinB2/EphB4 in angiogenesis, respectively, but the correlation between EphrinB2/EphB4 and VEGF in angiogenesis has not been fully disclosed. Here, we summarize the structure and bidirectional signaling of EphrinB2/EphB4, provide an overview on the relationship between EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling and VEGF pathway in angiogenesis and highlight the associated potential usefulness in anti-angiogenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enming Du
- Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Siyu He
- Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Shikun He
- Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China. .,Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, USC Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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42
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Andolfo I, Lasorsa VA, Manna F, Rosato BE, Formicola D, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Kinome multigenic panel identified novel druggable EPHB4-V871I somatic variant in high-risk neuroblastoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6459-6471. [PMID: 32336043 PMCID: PMC7294133 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial neoplasm in children. The overall outcome for high‐risk NB patients is still unacceptable, therefore, it is critical to deeply understand molecular mechanisms associated with NB, which in turn can be utilized for developing drugs towards the treatment of NB. Protein kinases (TKs) play an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. Different kinases, such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), Aurora kinase, RET receptor tyrosine kinase, are potential therapeutic targets in various cancers, including NB. We analysed a cohort of 45 high‐risk NB patients and 9 NB cell lines by a targeted—(t)NGS custom gene panel (genes codifying for the kinase domains of 90 TKs). We identified somatic variants in four TK genes (ALK, EPHB4, LMTK3 and EPHB6) in NB patients and we functionally characterized an interesting somatic variant, V871I, in EPHB4 gene. EPHB4 plays a crucial role in cardiovascular development and regulates vascularization in cancer‐promoting angiogenesis, tumour growth and metastasis. Several EPHB4 mutations have previously been identified in solid and haematological tumour specimens but EPHB4 mutations were not described until now in NB. Interestingly, a re‐analysis of public CGH‐array showed that the EPHB4 gain is associated with advanced diseases in NB. We further demonstrated that higher EPHB4 expression is correlated to stage 4 of NB and with poor overall survival. Additionally, we also revealed that the EPHB4‐V871I accounts for increased proliferation, migration and invasion properties in two NB cell lines by acting on VEGF, c‐RAF and CDK4 target genes and by increasing the phosphorylation of ERK1‐2 pathway. The use of two EPHB4 inhibitors, JI‐101 and NVP‐BHG712, was able to rescue the phenotype driven by the variant. Our study suggested that EPHB4 is a promising therapeutic target in high‐risk NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Andolfo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito A Lasorsa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Manna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara E Rosato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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43
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, Gayoso S, García MP, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Sánchez R, Carrasco JL, Madrid JF. Intussusceptive angiogenesis and its counterpart intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1083-1103. [PMID: 32329808 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is currently considered an important alternative and complementary form of sprouting angiogenesis (SA). Conversely, intussusceptive lymphangiogenesis (IL) is in an initial phase of study. We compare their morphofunctional characteristics, since many can be shared by both processes. To that end, the following aspects are considered: A) The concept of IA and IL as the mechanism by which blood and lymphatic vessels split, expand and remodel through transluminal pillar formations (hallmarks of intussusception). B) Terminology and historical background, with particular reference to the group of Burri, including Djonov and Patan, who initiated and developed the vessel intussusceptive concept in blood vessels. C) Incidence in normal (e.g. in the sinuses of developing lymph nodes) and pathologic conditions, above all in vessel diseases, such as dilated veins in hemorrhoidal disease, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), sinusoidal hemangioma, lobular capillary hemangioma, lymphangiomas/lymphatic malformations and vascular transformation of lymph nodes. D) Differences and complementarity between vessel sprouting and intussusception. E) Characteristics of the cover (endothelial cells) and core (connective tissue components) of pillars and requirements for pillar identification. F) Structures involved in pillar formation, including endothelial contacts of opposite vessel walls, interendothelial bridges, merged adjacent capillaries, vessel loops and spilt pillars. G) Structures resulting from pillars with intussusceptive microvascular growth, arborization, remodeling and segmentation (compartmentalization). H) Influence of intussusception in the morphogenesis of vessel tumors/ pseudotumors; and I) Hemodynamic and molecular control of vessel intussusception, including VEGF, PDGF BB, Hypoxia, Notch, Endoglobin and Nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Gayoso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M P García
- Department of Pathology, Eurofins® Megalab-Hospiten Hospitals, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M González-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R Sánchez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J L Carrasco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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44
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Saravanan S, Vimalraj S, Pavani K, Nikarika R, Sumantran VN. Intussusceptive angiogenesis as a key therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2020; 252:117670. [PMID: 32298741 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of angiogenesis is a key reason for tumor growth and progression. Several anti-angiogenic drugs in clinical practice attempt to normalize abnormal tumor vasculature. Unfortunately, these drugs are ineffective due to the development of resistance in patients after drug holidays. A sizable literature suggests that resistance to these anti-angiogenic drugs occurs due to various compensatory mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, we describe different compensatory mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, and explain why intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA), is a crucial mechanism of compensatory angiogenesis in tumors which resist anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies. IA is often overlooked due to the scarcity of experimental models. Therefore, we examine data from existing experimental models and our novel ex-ovo model of angiogenesis in chick embryos, and explain the important genes and signaling pathways driving IA. Using bio-informatic analyses of major genes regulating conventional sprouting angiogenesis (SA) and intussusceptive angiogenesis, we provide fresh insights on the 'angiogenic switch' which regulates the transition from SA to IA. Finally, we examine the interplay between molecules regulating SA, IA, and molecules known to promote tumor progression. Based on these analyses, we conclude that intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is a promising therapeutic target for developing effective anti-cancer treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Koka Pavani
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Nikarika
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venil N Sumantran
- Abdul Kalam Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Dr. MGR Educational & Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
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45
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Activated FGF2 signaling pathway in tumor vasculature is essential for acquired resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2939. [PMID: 32076044 PMCID: PMC7031295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy shows antitumor activity against various types of solid cancers. Several resistance mechanisms against anti-VEGF therapy have been elucidated; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which the acquired resistance arises. Here, we developed new anti-VEGF therapy-resistant models driven by chronic expression of the mouse VEGFR2 extracellular domain fused with the human IgG4 fragment crystallizable (Fc) region (VEGFR2-Fc). In the VEGFR2-Fc-expressing resistant tumors, we demonstrated that the FGFR2 signaling pathway was activated, and pericytes expressing high levels of FGF2 were co-localized with endothelial cells. Lenvatinib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor including VEGFR and FGFR inhibition, showed marked antitumor activity against VEGFR2-Fc-expressing resistant tumors accompanied with a decrease in the area of tumor vessels and suppression of phospho-FGFR2 in tumors. Our findings reveal the key role that intercellular FGF2 signaling between pericytes and endothelial cells plays in maintaining the tumor vasculature in anti-VEGF therapy-resistant tumors.
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46
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Esteban S, Clemente C, Koziol A, Gonzalo P, Rius C, Martínez F, Linares PM, Chaparro M, Urzainqui A, Andrés V, Seiki M, Gisbert JP, Arroyo AG. Endothelial MT1-MMP targeting limits intussusceptive angiogenesis and colitis via TSP1/nitric oxide axis. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10862. [PMID: 31793743 PMCID: PMC7005619 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis contributes to cancer progression and chronic inflammatory diseases. In inflammatory bowel disease, the microvasculature expands by intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA), a poorly characterized mechanism involving increased blood flow and splitting of pre-existing capillaries. In this report, mice lacking the protease MT1-MMP in endothelial cells (MT1iΔEC ) presented limited IA in the capillary plexus of the colon mucosa assessed by 3D imaging during 1% DSS-induced colitis. This resulted in better tissue perfusion, preserved intestinal morphology, and milder disease activity index. Combined in vivo intravital microscopy and lentiviral rescue experiments with in vitro cell culture demonstrated that MT1-MMP activity in endothelial cells is required for vasodilation and IA, as well as for nitric oxide production via binding of the C-terminal fragment of MT1-MMP substrate thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) to CD47/αvβ3 integrin. Moreover, TSP1 levels were significantly higher in serum from IBD patients and in vivo administration of an anti-MT1-MMP inhibitory antibody or a nonamer peptide spanning the αvβ3 integrin binding site in TSP1 reduced IA during mouse colitis. Our results identify MT1-MMP as a new actor in inflammatory IA and a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esteban
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Clemente
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Agnieszka Koziol
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV)MadridSpain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics UnitCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Pablo M Linares
- Gastroenterology UnitHospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER‐EHD)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology UnitHospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER‐EHD)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Immunology DepartmentFIB‐Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)MadridSpain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV)MadridSpain
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell ResearchInstitute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology UnitHospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER‐EHD)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
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47
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Pajula JJ, Halonen PJ, Hätinen OP, Ylä-Herttuala S, Nurro J. Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Gremlin Modulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A-Induced Angiogenesis in Porcine Myocardium. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:211-218. [PMID: 31884825 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. New therapies are needed for patients who do not benefit or are not suitable for current treatments. Angiogenic gene therapy using vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) has shown potential in preclinical trials. However, undesired side effects, such as increased permeability, limit their therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate if adenoviral gene transfer of a VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) ligand Gremlin, given simultaneously with VEGF-A, could modulate VEGFR-2-mediated increase in permeability without impairing the angiogenic effect of VEGF-A gene therapy. Gene transfers were done in pigs (n = 22) using endocardial injections with an endovascular injection catheter. Animals were divided in three groups receiving adenoviral (Ad) VEGF-A (n = 10), Gremlin (n = 6), or VEGF-A+Gremlin (n = 6) gene therapy. Animals were sacrificed and samples collected 6 days later for histological, safety, and permeability analyses. The mean capillary area was significantly increased in both treatment groups with AdVEGF-A when compared with the AdGremlin group. Also, the capillary area was significantly larger in AdVEGF-A group without AdGremlin. No significant differences in tissue permeability were observed using modified Miles assay between AdVEGF-A and AdVEGF-A+AdGremlin groups. However, cardiac tamponade and sudden cardiac deaths were observed only in the AdVEGF-A group. AdVEGF-A induces strong angiogenesis in porcine myocardium. Our results suggest that AdGremlin can limit the side effects of AdVEGF-A therapy, even though no direct effect on tissue permeability could be demonstrated. This could enable the use of larger AdVEGF-A doses to increase the treatment area and angiogenic effects without adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho J Pajula
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo J Halonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Nurro
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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48
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Gianni-Barrera R, Di Maggio N, Melly L, Burger MG, Mujagic E, Gürke L, Schaefer DJ, Banfi A. Therapeutic vascularization in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:433-444. [PMID: 31922362 PMCID: PMC7103618 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis, that is, the generation of new vessels by delivery of specific factors, is required both for rapid vascularization of tissue‐engineered constructs and to treat ischemic conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of angiogenesis. However, uncontrolled expression can lead to aberrant vascular growth and vascular tumors (angiomas). Major challenges to fully exploit VEGF potency for therapy include the need to precisely control in vivo distribution of growth factor dose and duration of expression. In fact, the therapeutic window of VEGF delivery depends on its amount in the microenvironment around each producing cell rather than on the total dose, since VEGF remains tightly bound to extracellular matrix (ECM). On the other hand, short‐term expression of less than about 4 weeks leads to unstable vessels, which promptly regress following cessation of the angiogenic stimulus. Here, we will briefly overview some key aspects of the biology of VEGF and angiogenesis and discuss their therapeutic implications with a particular focus on approaches using gene therapy, genetically modified progenitors, and ECM engineering with recombinant factors. Lastly, we will present recent insights into the mechanisms that regulate vessel stabilization and the switch between normal and aberrant vascular growth after VEGF delivery, to identify novel molecular targets that may improve both safety and efficacy of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gianni-Barrera
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Melly
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cardiac, Vascular, and Thoracic Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Maximilian G Burger
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edin Mujagic
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Gürke
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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49
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Sato S, Vasaikar S, Eskaros A, Kim Y, Lewis JS, Zhang B, Zijlstra A, Weaver AM. EPHB2 carried on small extracellular vesicles induces tumor angiogenesis via activation of ephrin reverse signaling. JCI Insight 2019; 4:132447. [PMID: 31661464 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process that allows nutrient uptake and cellular trafficking and is coopted in cancer to enable tumor growth and metastasis. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to promote angiogenesis; however, it is unclear what unique features EVs contribute to the process. Here, we studied the role of EVs derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in driving tumor angiogenesis. Small EVs (SEVs), in the size range of exosomes (50-150 nm), induced angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analysis of HNSCC SEVs revealed the cell-to-cell signaling receptor ephrin type B receptor 2 (EPHB2) as a promising candidate cargo to promote angiogenesis. Analysis of patient data further identified EPHB2 overexpression in HNSCC tumors to be associated with poor patient prognosis and tumor angiogenesis, especially in the context of overexpression of the exosome secretion regulator cortactin. Functional experiments revealed that EPHB2 expression in SEVs regulated angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo and that EPHB2 carried by SEVs stimulates ephrin-B reverse signaling, inducing STAT3 phosphorylation. A STAT3 inhibitor greatly reduced SEV-induced angiogenesis. These data suggest a model in which EVs uniquely promote angiogenesis by transporting Eph transmembrane receptors to nonadjacent endothelial cells to induce ephrin reverse signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Adel Eskaros
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and
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50
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Luxán G, Stewen J, Díaz N, Kato K, Maney SK, Aravamudhan A, Berkenfeld F, Nagelmann N, Drexler HC, Zeuschner D, Faber C, Schillers H, Hermann S, Wiseman J, Vaquerizas JM, Pitulescu ME, Adams RH. Endothelial EphB4 maintains vascular integrity and transport function in adult heart. eLife 2019; 8:45863. [PMID: 31782728 PMCID: PMC6884395 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of heart and other organs relies on the appropriate provision of nutrients and functional specialization of the local vasculature. Here, we have used mouse genetics, imaging and cell biology approaches to investigate how homeostasis in the adult heart is controlled by endothelial EphB4 and its ligand ephrin-B2, which are known regulators of vascular morphogenesis and arteriovenous differentiation during development. We show that inducible and endothelial cell-specific inactivation of Ephb4 in adult mice is compatible with survival, but leads to rupturing of cardiac capillaries, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and pathological cardiac remodeling. In contrast, EphB4 is not required for integrity and homeostasis of capillaries in skeletal muscle. Our analysis of mutant mice and cultured endothelial cells shows that EphB4 controls the function of caveolae, cell-cell adhesion under mechanical stress and lipid transport. We propose that EphB4 maintains critical functional properties of the adult cardiac vasculature and thereby prevents dilated cardiomyopathy-like defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Luxán
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas Stewen
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Noelia Díaz
- Regulatory Genomics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Sathish K Maney
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Anusha Aravamudhan
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Berkenfeld
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Nagelmann
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Ca Drexler
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute for Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - John Wiseman
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan M Vaquerizas
- Regulatory Genomics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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