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Deng X, Xiao Y, Tang X, Liu B, Lin H. Arabidopsis α-Aurora kinase plays a role in cytokinesis through regulating MAP65-3 association with microtubules at phragmoplast midzone. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3779. [PMID: 38710684 PMCID: PMC11074315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-Aurora kinase is a crucial regulator of spindle microtubule organization during mitosis in plants. Here, we report a post-mitotic role for α-Aurora in reorganizing the phragmoplast microtubule array. In Arabidopsis thaliana, α-Aurora relocated from spindle poles to the phragmoplast midzone, where it interacted with the microtubule cross-linker MAP65-3. In a hypomorphic α-Aurora mutant, MAP65-3 was detected on spindle microtubules, followed by a diffuse association pattern across the phragmoplast midzone. Simultaneously, phragmoplast microtubules remained belatedly in a solid disk array before transitioning to a ring shape. Microtubules at the leading edge of the matured phragmoplast were often disengaged, accompanied by conspicuous retentions of MAP65-3 at the phragmoplast interior edge. Specifically, α-Aurora phosphorylated two residues towards the C-terminus of MAP65-3. Mutation of these residues to alanines resulted in an increased association of MAP65-3 with microtubules within the phragmoplast. Consequently, the expansion of the phragmoplast was notably slower compared to wild-type cells or cells expressing a phospho-mimetic variant of MAP65-3. Moreover, mimicking phosphorylation reinstated disrupted MAP65-3 behaviors in plants with compromised α-Aurora function. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism in which α-Aurora facilitates cytokinesis progression through phosphorylation-dependent restriction of MAP65-3 associating with microtubules at the phragmoplast midzone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Fábián A, Péntek BK, Soós V, Sági L. Heat stress during male meiosis impairs cytoskeletal organization, spindle assembly and tapetum degeneration in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1314021. [PMID: 38259921 PMCID: PMC10800805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1314021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The significance of heat stress in agriculture is ever-increasing with the progress of global climate changes. Due to a negative effect on the yield of staple crops, including wheat, the impairment of plant reproductive development triggered by high ambient temperature became a restraint in food production. Although the heat sensitivity of male meiosis and the following gamete development in wheat has long been recognized, a detailed structural characterization combined with a comprehensive gene expression analysis has not been done about this phenomenon. We demonstrate here that heat stress severely alters the cytoskeletal configuration, triggers the failure of meiotic division in wheat. Moreover, it changes the expression of genes related to gamete development in male meiocytes and the tapetum layer in a genotype-dependent manner. 'Ellvis', a heat-tolerant winter wheat cultivar, showed high spikelet fertility rate and only scarce structural aberrations upon exposure to high temperature. In addition, heat shock genes and genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were significantly upregulated in 'Ellvis', and the expression of meiosis-specific and major developmental genes showed high stability in this cultivar. In the heat-sensitive 'Mv 17-09', however, genes participating in cytoskeletal fiber nucleation, the spindle assembly checkpoint genes, and tapetum-specific developmental regulators were downregulated. These alterations may be related to the decreased cytoskeleton content, frequent micronuclei formation, and the erroneous persistence of the tapetum layer observed in the sensitive genotype. Our results suggest that understanding the heat-sensitive regulation of these gene functions would be an essential contribution to the development of new, heat-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fábián
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Vilmos Soós
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - László Sági
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Section, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
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3
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Müller S. Update: on selected ROP cell polarity mechanisms in plant cell morphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:26-41. [PMID: 37070572 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The unequal (asymmetric) distribution of cell structures and proteins within a cell is designated as cell polarity. Cell polarity is a crucial prerequisite for morphogenetic processes such as oriented cell division and directed cell expansion. Rho-related GTPase from plants (ROPs) are required for cellular morphogenesis through the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and vesicle transport in various tissues. Here, I review recent advances in ROP-dependent tip growth, vesicle transport, and tip architecture. I report on the regulatory mechanisms of ROP upstream regulators found in different cell types. It appears that these regulators assemble in nanodomains with specific lipid compositions and recruit ROPs for activation in a stimulus-dependent manner. Current models link mechanosensing/mechanotransduction to ROP polarity signaling involved in feedback mechanisms via the cytoskeleton. Finally, I discuss ROP signaling components that are upregulated by tissue-specific transcription factors and exhibit specific localization patterns during cell division, clearly suggesting ROP signaling in division plane alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Müller
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Du P, Liu Y, Deng L, Qian D, Xue X, Yang T, Li T, Xiang Y, Ren H. AtMAC stabilizes the phragmoplast by crosslinking microtubules and actin filaments during cytokinesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1950-1965. [PMID: 37093857 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phragmoplast, a structure crucial for the completion of cytokinesis in plant cells, is composed of antiparallel microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs). However, how the parallel structure of phragmoplast MTs and AFs is maintained, especially during centrifugal phragmoplast expansion, remains elusive. Here, we analyzed a new Arabidopsis thaliana MT and AF crosslinking protein (AtMAC). When AtMAC was deleted, the phragmoplast showed disintegrity during centrifugal expansion, and the resulting phragmoplast fragmentation led to incomplete cell plates. Overexpression of AtMAC increased the resistance of phragmoplasts to depolymerization and caused the formation of additional phragmoplasts during cytokinesis. Biochemical experiments showed that AtMAC crosslinked MTs and AFs in vitro, and the truncated AtMAC protein, N-CC1, was the key domain controlling the ability of AtMAC. Further analysis showed that N-CC1(51-154) is the key domain for binding MTs, and N-CC1(51-125) for binding AFs. In conclusion, AtMAC is the novel MT and AF crosslinking protein found to be involved in regulation of phragmoplast organization during centrifugal phragmoplast expansion, which is required for complete cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhou Du
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiuhua Xue
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Tonghui Li
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
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5
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Nan Q, Liang H, Mendoza J, Liu L, Fulzele A, Wright A, Bennett EJ, Rasmussen CG, Facette MR. The OPAQUE1/DISCORDIA2 myosin XI is required for phragmoplast guidance during asymmetric cell division in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2678-2693. [PMID: 37017144 PMCID: PMC10291028 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Formative asymmetric divisions produce cells with different fates and are critical for development. We show the maize (Zea mays) myosin XI protein, OPAQUE1 (O1), is necessary for asymmetric divisions during maize stomatal development. We analyzed stomatal precursor cells before and during asymmetric division to determine why o1 mutants have abnormal division planes. Cell polarization and nuclear positioning occur normally in the o1 mutant, and the future site of division is correctly specified. The defect in o1 becomes apparent during late cytokinesis, when the phragmoplast forms the nascent cell plate. Initial phragmoplast guidance in o1 is normal; however, as phragmoplast expansion continues o1 phragmoplasts become misguided. To understand how O1 contributes to phragmoplast guidance, we identified O1-interacting proteins. Maize kinesins related to the Arabidopsis thaliana division site markers PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESINs (POKs), which are also required for correct phragmoplast guidance, physically interact with O1. We propose that different myosins are important at multiple steps of phragmoplast expansion, and the O1 actin motor and POK-like microtubule motors work together to ensure correct late-stage phragmoplast guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Janette Mendoza
- Department of Botany, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Michelle R Facette
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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6
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Kimata Y, Yamada M, Murata T, Kuwata K, Sato A, Suzuki T, Kurihara D, Hasebe M, Higashiyama T, Ueda M. Novel inhibitors of microtubule organization and phragmoplast formation in diverse plant species. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201657. [PMID: 36849250 PMCID: PMC9971157 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division is essential for development and involves spindle assembly, chromosome separation, and cytokinesis. In plants, the genetic tools for controlling the events in cell division at the desired time are limited and ineffective owing to high redundancy and lethality. Therefore, we screened cell division-affecting compounds in Arabidopsis thaliana zygotes, whose cell division is traceable without time-lapse observations. We then determined the target events of the identified compounds using live-cell imaging of tobacco BY-2 cells. Subsequently, we isolated two compounds, PD-180970 and PP2, neither of which caused lethal damage. PD-180970 disrupted microtubule (MT) organization and, thus, nuclear separation, and PP2 blocked phragmoplast formation and impaired cytokinesis. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed that these compounds reduced the phosphorylation of diverse proteins, including MT-associated proteins (MAP70) and class II Kinesin-12. Moreover, these compounds were effective in multiple plant species, such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and moss (Physcomitrium patens). These properties make PD-180970 and PP2 useful tools for transiently controlling plant cell division at key manipulation nodes conserved across diverse plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kimata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moé Yamada
- Department of Biological Science, Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Bellinger MA, Uyehara AN, Allsman L, Martinez P, McCarthy MC, Rasmussen CG. Cortical microtubules contribute to division plane positioning during telophase in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1496-1512. [PMID: 36753568 PMCID: PMC10118269 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell divisions are accurately positioned to generate cells of the correct size and shape. In plant cells, the new cell wall is built in the middle of the cell by vesicles trafficked along an antiparallel microtubule and a microfilament array called the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast expands toward a specific location at the cell cortex called the division site, but how it accurately reaches the division site is unclear. We observed microtubule arrays that accumulate at the cell cortex during the telophase transition in maize (Zea mays) leaf epidermal cells. Before the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, these cortical-telophase microtubules transiently interact with the division site. Increased microtubule plus end capture and pausing occur when microtubules contact the division site-localized protein TANGLED1 or other closely associated proteins. Microtubule capture and pausing align the cortical microtubules perpendicular to the division site during telophase. Once the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, cortical-telophase microtubules are incorporated into the phragmoplast primarily by parallel bundling. The addition of microtubules into the phragmoplast promotes fine-tuning of the positioning at the division site. Our hypothesis is that division site-localized proteins such as TANGLED1 organize cortical microtubules during telophase to mediate phragmoplast positioning at the final division plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marschal A Bellinger
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aimee N Uyehara
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lindy Allsman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Pablo Martinez
- Biochemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Riverside, CA 92508, USA
| | | | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Biochemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Riverside, CA 92508, USA
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8
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Hsiao AS, Huang JY. Microtubule Regulation in Plants: From Morphological Development to Stress Adaptation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040627. [PMID: 37189374 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are essential elements of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are critical for various cell functions. During cell division, plant MTs form highly ordered structures, and cortical MTs guide the cell wall cellulose patterns and thus control cell size and shape. Both are important for morphological development and for adjusting plant growth and plasticity under environmental challenges for stress adaptation. Various MT regulators control the dynamics and organization of MTs in diverse cellular processes and response to developmental and environmental cues. This article summarizes the recent progress in plant MT studies from morphological development to stress responses, discusses the latest techniques applied, and encourages more research into plant MT regulation.
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9
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Liu H, Cao Y, Zhang W, Liu Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Yu F, Liu X. The wheat TaIQD3D-6 gene encodes a microtubule-associated protein and regulates cell morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111420. [PMID: 35985415 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) modulate the dynamics of microtubules (MTs) to ensure the proper elaboration of developmental programs in plants. Among the plant-specific MAPs are the IQ67 domain (IQD) family proteins. Despite the great progress in elucidating IQD protein functions, the majority of IQD proteins, especially IQDs in crop species, remain to be functionally explored. In this study, we identified 78 putative IQD family genes in the genome of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). Phylogenetic analysis of wheat and Arabidopsis IQDs supports the previous notion that the expansion of the IQD family coincides with plant terrestrialization. Further characterization of one TaIQD, TaIQD3D-6, revealed that TaIQD3D-6 directly binds to MTs and free tubulins in vitro and is associated with cortical MTs in interphase cells in vivo. Overexpressing TaIQD3D-6 in Arabidopsis leads to a spectrum of phenotypes that are indicative of perturbed MT homeostasis, including spiral growth, hypersensitivity to MT-destabilizing drugs, defects in cell morphogenesis, and altered organization of cMT arrays. Finally, we determined that TaIQD3D-6-GFP localizes to the expanding cell plate during cytokinesis and the overexpression of TaIQD3D-6 interferes with asymmetric cell division in the stomatal lineage in Arabidopsis. In summary, our findings establish that TaIQD3D-6 is a MAP that regulates plant cell and organ morphogenesis and provide new insights into the functions of crop IQD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China; Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Mills AM, Morris VH, Rasmussen CG. The localization of PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 at the division site depends on the microtubule-binding proteins TANGLED1 and AUXIN-INDUCED IN ROOT CULTURES9 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4583-4599. [PMID: 36005863 PMCID: PMC9614452 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Proper plant growth and development require spatial coordination of cell divisions. Two unrelated microtubule-binding proteins, TANGLED1 (TAN1) and AUXIN-INDUCED IN ROOT CULTURES9 (AIR9), are together required for normal growth and division plane orientation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The tan1 air9 double mutant has synthetic growth and division plane orientation defects, while single mutants lack obvious defects. Here we show that the division site-localized protein, PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 (POK1), was aberrantly lost from the division site during metaphase and telophase in the tan1 air9 mutant. Since TAN1 and POK1 interact via the first 132 amino acids of TAN1 (TAN11-132), we assessed the localization and function of TAN11-132 in the tan1 air9 double mutant. TAN11-132 rescued tan1 air9 mutant phenotypes and localized to the division site during telophase. However, replacing six amino-acid residues within TAN11-132, which disrupted the POK1-TAN1 interaction in the yeast-two-hybrid system, caused loss of both rescue and division site localization of TAN11-132 in the tan1 air9 mutant. Full-length TAN1 with the same alanine substitutions had defects in phragmoplast guidance and reduced TAN1 and POK1 localization at the division site but rescued most tan1 air9 mutant phenotypes. Together, these data suggest that TAN1 and AIR9 are required for POK1 localization, and yet unknown proteins may stabilize TAN1-POK1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Mills
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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11
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Lin X, Xiao Y, Song Y, Gan C, Deng X, Wang P, Liu J, Jiang Z, Peng L, Zhou D, He X, Bian J, Zhu C, Liu B, He H, Xu J. Rice microtubule-associated protein OsMAP65-3.1, but not OsMAP65-3.2, plays a critical role in phragmoplast microtubule organization in cytokinesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030247. [PMID: 36388546 PMCID: PMC9643714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, MAP65 preferentially cross-links the anti-parallel microtubules (MTs) and plays an important role for cytokinesis. However, the functions of MAP65 isoforms in rice (Oryza sativa. L) are largely unknown. Here, we identified two MAP65-3 homologs in rice, OsMAP65-3.1 and OsMAP65-3.2. We found that both OsMAP65-3.1 and OsMAP65-3.2 were similar in dimerization and location to AtMAP65-3, and the expression of either rice genes driven by the AtMAP65-3 promoter suppressed the cytokinesis failure and growth defect of atmap65-3. However, OsMAP65-3.1 with native promoter also recovered the atmap65-3, but OsMAP65-3.2 with its own promoter had no effects. OsMAP65-3.1 but not OsMAP65-3.2 was actively expressed in tissues enriched with dividing cells. R1R2R3-Myb (MYB3R) transcription factors directly bound to the OsMAP65-3.1 promoter but not that of OsMAP65-3.2. Furthermore, osmap65-3.2 had no obvious phenotype, while either osmap65-3.1 or osmap65-3.1(+/-) was lethal. The eminent MTs around the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis defects were frequently observed in OsMAP65-3.1-defective plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that OsMAP65-3.1, rather than OsMAP65-3.2, plays essential roles in rice cytokinesis resulting from their differential expression which were passably directly regulated by OsMYB3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Gan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jialong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhishu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Limei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dahu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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12
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Caillaud MC. Tools for studying the cytoskeleton during plant cell division. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1049-1062. [PMID: 35667969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant cytoskeleton regulates fundamental biological processes, including cell division. How to experimentally perturb the cytoskeleton is a key question if one wants to understand the role of both actin filaments (AFs) and microtubules (MTs) in a given biological process. While a myriad of mutants are available, knock-out in cytoskeleton regulators, when nonlethal, often produce little or no phenotypic perturbation because such regulators are often part of a large family, leading to functional redundancy. In this review, alternative techniques to modify the plant cytoskeleton during plant cell division are outlined. The different pharmacological and genetic approaches already developed in cell culture, transient assays, or in whole organisms are presented. Perspectives on the use of optogenetics to perturb the plant cytoskeleton are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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13
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Mills AM, Rasmussen CG. Defects in division plane positioning in the root meristematic zone affect cell organization in the differentiation zone. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276936. [PMID: 36074053 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division plane orientation is critical for plant and animal development and growth. TANGLED1 (TAN1) and AUXIN-INDUCED-IN-ROOT-CULTURES9 (AIR9) are division-site localized microtubule-binding proteins required for division plane positioning. tan1 and air9 Arabidopsis thaliana single mutants have minor or no noticeable phenotypes but the tan1 air9 double mutant has synthetic phenotypes including stunted growth, misoriented divisions, and aberrant cell-file rotation in the root differentiation zone. These data suggest that TAN1 plays a role in nondividing cells. To determine whether TAN1 is required in elongating and differentiating cells in the tan1 air9 double mutant, we limited its expression to actively dividing cells using the G2/M-specific promoter of the syntaxin KNOLLE (pKN:TAN1-YFP). Unexpectedly, in addition to rescuing division plane defects, pKN:TAN1-YFP rescued root growth and the root differentiation zone cell file rotation defects in the tan1 air9 double mutant. This suggests that defects that occur in the meristematic zone later affect the organization of elongating and differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Mills
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA
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14
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Gu Y, Rasmussen CG. Cell biology of primary cell wall synthesis in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:103-128. [PMID: 34613413 PMCID: PMC8774047 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process. Additional complexity is required to mediate dynamic responses to environmental and developmental cues. Enzymes, sugars, and other cell wall components are constantly and actively transported to and from the plasma membrane during diffuse growth. Cell wall components are transported in vesicles on cytoskeletal tracks composed of microtubules and actin filaments. Many of these components, and additional proteins, vesicles, and lipids are trafficked to and from the cell plate during cytokinesis. In this review, we first discuss how the cytoskeleton is initially organized to add new cell wall material or to build a new cell wall, focusing on similarities during these processes. Next, we discuss how polysaccharides and enzymes that build the cell wall are trafficked to the correct location by motor proteins and through other interactions with the cytoskeleton. Finally, we discuss some of the special features of newly formed cell walls generated during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Author for correspondence: (Y.G.), (C.G.R.)
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15
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Zhang D, Spiegelhalder RP, Abrash EB, Nunes TDG, Hidalgo I, Anleu Gil MX, Jesenofsky B, Lindner H, Bergmann DC, Raissig MT. Opposite polarity programs regulate asymmetric subsidiary cell divisions in grasses. eLife 2022; 11:79913. [PMID: 36537077 PMCID: PMC9767456 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass stomata recruit lateral subsidiary cells (SCs), which are key to the unique stomatal morphology and the efficient plant-atmosphere gas exchange in grasses. Subsidiary mother cells (SMCs) strongly polarise before an asymmetric division forms a SC. Yet apart from a proximal polarity module that includes PANGLOSS1 (PAN1) and guides nuclear migration, little is known regarding the developmental processes that form SCs. Here, we used comparative transcriptomics of developing wild-type and SC-less bdmute leaves in the genetic model grass Brachypodium distachyon to identify novel factors involved in SC formation. This approach revealed BdPOLAR, which forms a novel, distal polarity domain in SMCs that is opposite to the proximal PAN1 domain. Both polarity domains are required for the formative SC division yet exhibit various roles in guiding pre-mitotic nuclear migration and SMC division plane orientation, respectively. Nonetheless, the domains are linked as the proximal domain controls polarisation of the distal domain. In summary, we identified two opposing polarity domains that coordinate the SC division, a process crucial for grass stomatal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Emily B Abrash
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Tiago DG Nunes
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Inés Hidalgo
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Barbara Jesenofsky
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Heike Lindner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Michael T Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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16
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Kumari P, Dahiya P, Livanos P, Zergiebel L, Kölling M, Poeschl Y, Stamm G, Hermann A, Abel S, Müller S, Bürstenbinder K. IQ67 DOMAIN proteins facilitate preprophase band formation and division-plane orientation. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:739-747. [PMID: 34031540 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of cell division is essential for the growth and development of multicellular organisms. In plant cells, proper cell plate insertion during cytokinesis relies on the premitotic establishment of the division plane at the cell cortex. Two plant-specific cytoskeleton arrays, the preprophase band (PPB) and the phragmoplast, play important roles in division-plane orientation and cell plate formation, respectively1. Microtubule organization and dynamics and their communication with membranes at the cortex and cell plate are coordinated by multiple, mostly distinct microtubule-associated proteins2. How division-plane selection and establishment are linked, however, is still unknown. Here, we report members of the Arabidopsis IQ67 DOMAIN (IQD) family3 as microtubule-targeted proteins that localize to the PPB and phragmoplast and additionally reside at the cell plate and a polarized cortical region including the cortical division zone (CDZ). IQDs physically interact with PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN (POK) proteins4,5 and PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY GTPase ACTIVATING (PHGAP) proteins6, which are core components of the CDZ1. The loss of IQD function impairs PPB formation and affects CDZ recruitment of POKs and PHGAPs, resulting in division-plane positioning defects. We propose that IQDs act as cellular scaffolds that facilitate PPB formation and CDZ set-up during symmetric cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pradeep Dahiya
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luise Zergiebel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Malte Kölling
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gina Stamm
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arvid Hermann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürstenbinder
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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17
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Martinez P, Dixit R, Balkunde RS, Zhang A, O'Leary SE, Brakke KA, Rasmussen CG. TANGLED1 mediates microtubule interactions that may promote division plane positioning in maize. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151878. [PMID: 32568386 PMCID: PMC7401798 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton serves as a dynamic structural framework for mitosis in eukaryotic cells. TANGLED1 (TAN1) is a microtubule-binding protein that localizes to the division site and mitotic microtubules and plays a critical role in division plane orientation in plants. Here, in vitro experiments demonstrate that TAN1 directly binds microtubules, mediating microtubule zippering or end-on microtubule interactions, depending on their contact angle. Maize tan1 mutant cells improperly position the preprophase band (PPB), which predicts the future division site. However, cell shape–based modeling indicates that PPB positioning defects are likely a consequence of abnormal cell shapes and not due to TAN1 absence. In telophase, colocalization of growing microtubules ends from the phragmoplast with TAN1 at the division site suggests that TAN1 interacts with microtubule tips end-on. Together, our results suggest that TAN1 contributes to microtubule organization to ensure proper division plane orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martinez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachappa S Balkunde
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Antonia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Seán E O'Leary
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Kenneth A Brakke
- Department of Mathematics, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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18
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Herrmann A, Livanos P, Zimmermann S, Berendzen K, Rohr L, Lipka E, Müller S. KINESIN-12E regulates metaphase spindle flux and helps control spindle size in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:27-43. [PMID: 33751090 PMCID: PMC8136872 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bipolar mitotic spindle is a highly conserved structure among eukaryotes that mediates chromosome alignment and segregation. Spindle assembly and size control are facilitated by force-generating microtubule-dependent motor proteins known as kinesins. In animals, kinesin-12 cooperates with kinesin-5 to produce outward-directed forces necessary for spindle assembly. In plants, the relevant molecular mechanisms for spindle formation are poorly defined. While an Arabidopsis thaliana kinesin-5 ortholog has been identified, the kinesin-12 ortholog in plants remains elusive. In this study, we provide experimental evidence for the function of Arabidopsis KINESIN-12E in spindle assembly. In kinesin-12e mutants, a delay in spindle assembly is accompanied by the reduction of spindle size, demonstrating that KINESIN-12E contributes to mitotic spindle architecture. Kinesin-12E localization is mitosis-stage specific, beginning with its perinuclear accumulation during prophase. Upon nuclear envelope breakdown, KINESIN-12E decorates subpopulations of microtubules in the spindle and becomes progressively enriched in the spindle midzone. Furthermore, during cytokinesis, KINESIN-12E shares its localization at the phragmoplast midzone with several functionally diversified Arabidopsis KINESIN-12 members. Changes in the kinetochore and in prophase and metaphase spindle dynamics occur in the absence of KINESIN-12E, suggest it might play an evolutionarily conserved role during spindle formation similar to its spindle-localized animal kinesin-12 orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffi Zimmermann
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth Berendzen
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leander Rohr
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lipka
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Serra L, Robinson S. Plant cell divisions: variations from the shortest symmetric path. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2743-2752. [PMID: 33336690 PMCID: PMC7752081 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the spatial arrangement of cells within tissues and organs is a direct consequence of the positioning of the new cell walls during cell division. Since the nineteenth century, scientists have proposed rules to explain the orientation of plant cell divisions. Most of these rules predict the new wall will follow the shortest path passing through the cell centroid halving the cell into two equal volumes. However, in some developmental contexts, divisions deviate significantly from this rule. In these situations, mechanical stress, hormonal signalling, or cell polarity have been described to influence the division path. Here we discuss the mechanism and subcellular structure required to define the cell division placement then we provide an overview of the situations where division deviates from the shortest symmetric path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Serra
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, U.K
| | - Sarah Robinson
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, U.K
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20
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Lauter ANM, Rutter L, Cook D, O’Rourke JA, Graham MA. Examining Short-Term Responses to a Long-Term Problem: RNA-Seq Analyses of Iron Deficiency Chlorosis Tolerant Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3591. [PMID: 32438745 PMCID: PMC7279018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a global crop production problem, significantly impacting yield. However, most IDC studies have focused on model species, not agronomically important crops. Soybean is the second largest crop grown in the United States, yet the calcareous soils across most of the upper U.S. Midwest limit soybean growth and profitability. To understand early soybean iron stress responses, we conducted whole genome expression analyses (RNA-sequencing) of leaf and root tissue from the iron efficient soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Clark, at 30, 60 and 120 min after transfer to iron stress conditions. We identified over 10,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the number of DEGs increasing over time in leaves, but decreasing over time in roots. To investigate these responses, we clustered our expression data across time to identify suites of genes, their biological functions, and the transcription factors (TFs) that regulate their expression. These analyses reveal the hallmarks of the soybean iron stress response (iron uptake and homeostasis, defense, and DNA replication and methylation) can be detected within 30 min. Furthermore, they suggest root to shoot signaling initiates early iron stress responses representing a novel paradigm for crop stress adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne N. Moran Lauter
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.N.M.L.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Lindsay Rutter
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Dianne Cook
- Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Jamie A. O’Rourke
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.N.M.L.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Michelle A. Graham
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.N.M.L.); (J.A.O.)
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21
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Ali I, Yang WC. Why are ATP-driven microtubule minus-end directed motors critical to plants? An overview of plant multifunctional kinesins. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:524-536. [PMID: 32336322 DOI: 10.1071/fp19177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, microtubule and actin cytoskeletons are involved in key processes including cell division, cell expansion, growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress, tropisms, hormonal signalling as well as cytoplasmic streaming in growing pollen tubes. Kinesin enzymes have a highly conserved motor domain for binding microtubule cytoskeleton assisting these motors to organise their own tracks, the microtubules by using chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis. In addition to this conserved binding site, kinesins possess non-conserved variable domains mediating structural and functional interaction of microtubules with other cell structures to perform various cellular jobs such as chromosome segregation, spindle formation and elongation, transport of organelles as well as microtubules-actins cross linking and microtubules sliding. Therefore, how the non-motor variable regions specify the kinesin function is of fundamental importance for all eukaryotic cells. Kinesins are classified into ~17 known families and some ungrouped orphans, of which ~13 families have been recognised in plants. Kinesin-14 family consisted of plant specific microtubules minus end-directed motors, are much diverse and unique to plants in the sense that they substitute the functions of animal dynein. In this review, we explore the functions of plant kinesins, especially from non-motor domains viewpoint, focussing mainly on recent work on the origin and functional diversity of motors that drive microtubule minus-end trafficking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and The College of Advanced Agricultural Science, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and Corresponding author.
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22
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Buschmann H, Müller S. Update on plant cytokinesis: rule and divide. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:97-105. [PMID: 31542698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many decisions made during plant development depend on the placement of the cytokinetic wall. Cytokinesis involves the biogenesis of the cell plate that progresses centrifugally and until the fusion of the cell plate with the parental cell wall. The phragmoplast facilitates the growth of the cell plate and directs it's insertion at the cell cortex by a mechanism known as phragmoplast guidance. Communication between the phragmoplast and its destination, the cortical division zone, however, is not well understood. The preprophase band predicts the site of cell plate fusion, seemingly controlling the site of the cortical division zone establishment, but recent results suggest the role of this cytoskeletal array to be rather subtle. This is indirectly supported by certain types of phragmoplast-driven cell division in mosses and algae, which lack preprophase bands. In this review article, we summarize recent insight concerning phragmoplast expansion and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Müller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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23
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Müller S, Livanos P. Plant Kinesin-12: Localization Heterogeneity and Functional Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174213. [PMID: 31466291 PMCID: PMC6747500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-12 family members are characterized by an N-terminal motor domain and the extensive presence of coiled-coil domains. Animal orthologs display microtubule plus-end directed motility, bundling of parallel and antiparallel microtubules, plus-end stabilization, and they play a crucial role in spindle assembly. In plants, kinesin-12 members mediate a number of developmental processes including male gametophyte, embryo, seedling, and seed development. At the cellular level, they participate in critical events during cell division. Several kinesin-12 members localize to the phragmoplast midzone, interact with isoforms of the conserved microtubule cross-linker MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 65 (MAP65) family, and are required for phragmoplast stability and expansion, as well as for proper cell plate development. Throughout cell division, a subset of kinesin-12 reside, in addition or exclusively, at the cortical division zone and mediate the accurate guidance of the phragmoplast. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on kinesin-12 in plants and shed some light onto the heterogeneous localization and domain architecture, which potentially conceals functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Müller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Abstract
Plant cells divide their cytoplasmic content by forming a new membrane compartment, the cell plate, via a rerouting of the secretory pathway toward the division plane aided by a dynamic cytoskeletal apparatus known as the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast expands centrifugally and directs the cell plate to the preselected division site at the plasma membrane to fuse with the parental wall. The division site is transiently decorated by the cytoskeletal preprophase band in preprophase and prophase, whereas a number of proteins discovered over the last decade reside continuously at the division site and provide a lasting spatial reference for phragmoplast guidance. Recent studies of membrane fusion at the cell plate have revealed the contribution of functionally conserved eukaryotic proteins to distinct stages of cell plate biogenesis and emphasize the coupling of cell plate formation with phragmoplast expansion. Together with novel findings concerning preprophase band function and the setup of the division site, cytokinesis and its spatial control remain an open-ended field with outstanding and challenging questions to resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; ,
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; ,
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25
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Plant cell division - defining and finding the sweet spot for cell plate insertion. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 60:9-18. [PMID: 30999231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The plant microtubules form unique arrays using acentrosomal microtubule nucleation pathways, yet utilizing evolutionary conserved centrosomal proteins. In cytokinesis, a multi-component cytoskeletal apparatus, the phragmoplast mediates the biosynthesis of the new cell plate by dynamic centrifugal expansion, a process that demands exquisite coordination of microtubule turnover and endomembrane trafficking. At the same time, the phragmoplast is guided to meet with the parental wall at a cortical site that is predefined before mitotic entry and transiently marked by the preprophase band of microtubules. The cortical division zone maintains positional information of the selected division plane for the entire duration of cell division and for the guidance of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis. Its establishment is an essential requirement for normal plant organogenesis, due to the confinement of cells by rigid cell walls.
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Facette MR, Rasmussen CG, Van Norman JM. A plane choice: coordinating timing and orientation of cell division during plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:47-55. [PMID: 30261337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Facette
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.
| | - Jaimie M Van Norman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States.
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Vavrdová T, ˇSamaj J, Komis G. Phosphorylation of Plant Microtubule-Associated Proteins During Cell Division. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:238. [PMID: 30915087 PMCID: PMC6421500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Progression of mitosis and cytokinesis depends on the reorganization of cytoskeleton, with microtubules driving the segregation of chromosomes and their partitioning to two daughter cells. In dividing plant cells, microtubules undergo global reorganization throughout mitosis and cytokinesis, and with the aid of various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), they form unique systems such as the preprophase band (PPB), the acentrosomal mitotic spindle, and the phragmoplast. Such proteins include nucleators of de novo microtubule formation, plus end binding proteins involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics, crosslinking proteins underlying microtubule bundle formation and members of the kinesin superfamily with microtubule-dependent motor activities. The coordinated function of such proteins not only drives the continuous remodeling of microtubules during mitosis and cytokinesis but also assists the positioning of the PPB, the mitotic spindle, and the phragmoplast, affecting tissue patterning by controlling cell division plane (CDP) orientation. The affinity and the function of such proteins is variably regulated by reversible phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues within the microtubule binding domain through a number of protein kinases and phosphatases which are differentially involved throughout cell division. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the function of protein kinases and protein phosphatases involved in cell division regulation and to identify cytoskeletal substrates relevant to the progression of mitosis and cytokinesis and the regulation of CDP orientation.
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