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Sleeman BD, Stewart IW. A theoretical model of anaphase. Math Biosci 2024:109219. [PMID: 38795952 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper develops a theory for anaphase in cells. After a brief description of microtubules, the mitotic spindle and the centrosome, a mathematical model for anaphase is introduced and developed in the context of the cell cytoplasm and liquid crystalline structures. Prophase, prometaphase and metaphase are then briefly described in order to focus on anaphase, which is the main study of this paper. The entities involved are modelled in terms of liquid crystal defects and microtubules are represented as defect flux lines. The mathematical techniques employed make extensive use of energy considerations based on the work that was developed by Dafermos (1970) from the classical Frank-Oseen nematic liquid crystal energy (Frank, 1958; Oseen, 1933). With regard to liquid crystal theory we introduce the concept of regions of influence for defects which it is believed have important implications beyond the subject of this paper. The results of this paper align with observed biochemical phenomena and are explored in application to HeLa cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. This unified approach offers the possibility of gaining insight into various consequences of mitotic abnormalities which may result in Down syndrome, Hodgkin lymphoma, breast, prostate and various other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Sleeman
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LD2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Iain W Stewart
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH, United Kingdom.
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2
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Qin K, Yu M, Fan J, Wang H, Zhao P, Zhao G, Zeng W, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang A, Schwartz Z, Hong J, Song L, Wagstaff W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Ho SH, Strelzow J, Reid RR, He TC, Shi LL. Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk. Genes Dis 2024; 11:103-134. [PMID: 37588235 PMCID: PMC10425814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 coreceptors and transducing the signal either through β-catenin in the canonical pathway or through a series of other proteins in the noncanonical pathway. Many of the individual components of both canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling have additional functions throughout the body, establishing the complex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling pathways. This crosstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many cellular and organ processes. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in many diseases affecting a wide array of organ systems, including cancer and embryological defects, and can even cause embryonic lethality. The complexity of this system and its interacting proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic treatments. However, both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments come with potential risks that need to be addressed. This review synthesized much of the current knowledge on the Wnt signaling pathway, beginning with the history of Wnt signaling. It thoroughly described the different variants of Wnt signaling, including canonical, noncanonical Wnt/PCP, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Further description involved each of its components and their involvement in other cellular processes. Finally, this review explained the various other pathways and processes that crosstalk with Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Qin
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Yu
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Interventional Neurology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523475, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Annie Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zander Schwartz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lily Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Simpson LM, Fulcher LJ, Sathe G, Brewer A, Zhao JF, Squair DR, Crooks J, Wightman M, Wood NT, Gourlay R, Varghese J, Soares RF, Sapkota GP. An affinity-directed phosphatase, AdPhosphatase, system for targeted protein dephosphorylation. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:188-202.e6. [PMID: 36720221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases, is a fundamental process that controls protein function and intracellular signaling. Failure of phospho-control accounts for many human diseases. While a kinase phosphorylates multiple substrates, a substrate is often phosphorylated by multiple kinases. This renders phospho-control at the substrate level challenging, as it requires inhibition of multiple kinases, which would thus affect other kinase substrates. Here, we describe the development and application of the affinity-directed phosphatase (AdPhosphatase) system for targeted dephosphorylation of specific phospho-substrates. By deploying the Protein Phosphatase 1 or 2A catalytic subunits conjugated to an antigen-stabilized anti-GFP nanobody, we can promote the dephosphorylation of two independent phospho-proteins, FAM83D or ULK1, knocked in with GFP-tags using CRISPR-Cas9, with exquisite specificity. By redirecting protein phosphatases to neo-substrates through nanobody-mediated proximity, AdPhosphatase can alter the phospho-status and function of target proteins and thus, offers a new modality for potential drug discovery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Simpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Abigail Brewer
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jin-Feng Zhao
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daniel R Squair
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jennifer Crooks
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Melanie Wightman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Abstract
Eryptosis is a coordinated non-lytic cell death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage, cell membrane scrambling, Ca2+ influx, ceramide accumulation, oxidative stress, activation of calpain and caspases. Physiologically, it aims at removing damaged or aged erythrocytes from circulation. A plethora of diseases are associated with enhanced eryptosis, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular pathology, renal and hepatic diseases, hematological disorders, systemic autoimmune pathology, and cancer. This makes eryptosis and eryptosis-regulating signaling pathways a target for therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the eryptotic signaling machinery containing several protein kinases and its small molecular inhibitors with a special emphasis on casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a serine/threonine protein kinase with a broad spectrum of activity. In this review article, we provide a critical analysis of the regulatory role of CK1α in eryptosis, highlight triggers of CK1α-mediated suicidal death of red blood cells, cover the knowledge gaps in understanding CK1α-driven eryptosis and discover the opportunity of CK1α-targeted pharmacological modulation of eryptosis. Moreover, we discuss the directions of future research focusing on uncovering crosstalks between CK1α and other eryptosis-regulating kinases and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Li J, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhao H, Guo J, Liu Z, Yin C, Zhao X, Yue W. Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and prognostic model revealed the carcinogenicity and clinical significance of FAM83D in ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1055648. [PMID: 36568230 PMCID: PMC9773999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1055648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a fatal gynecological tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. Yet, its molecular mechanism is still not fully explored, and early prognostic markers are still missing. In this study, we assessed carcinogenicity and clinical significance of family with sequence similarity 83 member D (FAM83D) in ovarian cancer by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and a prognostic model. Methods A 10x scRNA-seq analysis was performed on cells from normal ovary and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissue. The prognostic model was constructed by Lasso-Cox regression analysis. The biological function of FAM83D on cell growth, invasion, migration, and drug sensitivity was examined in vitro in OC cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay was performed for binding analysis between FAM83D and microRNA-138-5p (miR-138-5p). Results Our integrative analysis identified a subset of malignant epithelial cells (C1) with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and potential hyperproliferation gene signature. A FAM83D+ malignant epithelial subcluster (FAM83D+ MEC) was associated with cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and EMT activation. FAM83D resulted as a viable prognostic marker in a prognostic model that efficiently predict the overall survival of OC patients. FAM83D downregulation in SKOV3 and A2780 cells increased cisplatin sensitivity, reducing OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. MiR-138-5p was identified to regulate FAM83D's carcinogenic effect in OC cells. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of miR-138 -5p/FAM83D/EMT signaling and may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefeng Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wentao Yue, ; Xiaoting Zhao, ; Chenghong Yin,
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wentao Yue, ; Xiaoting Zhao, ; Chenghong Yin,
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wentao Yue, ; Xiaoting Zhao, ; Chenghong Yin,
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Lu C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li L, Qiu J, Gou K, Cui S. Casein kinase 1α regulates murine spermatogenesis via p53-Sox3 signaling. Development 2022; 149:275697. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), acting as one member of the β-catenin degradation complex, negatively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CK1α knockout usually causes both Wnt/β-catenin and p53 activation. Our results demonstrated that conditional disruption of CK1α in spermatogonia impaired spermatogenesis and resulted in male mouse infertility. The progenitor cell population was dramatically decreased in CK1α conditional knockout (cKO) mice, while the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) was not affected. Furthermore, our molecular analyses identified that CK1α loss was accompanied by nuclear stability of p53 protein in mouse spermatogonia, and dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that p53 directly targeted the Sox3 gene. In addition, the p53 inhibitor pifithrin α (PFTα) partially rescued the phenotype observed in cKO mice. Collectively, our data suggest that CK1α regulates spermatogenesis and male fertility through p53-Sox3 signaling, and they deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University 3 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Kemian Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses 4 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses 4 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Quan Y, Lv J, Gong S, Ren P. Inhibition of FAM83D displays antitumor effects in glioblastoma via down-regulation of the AKT/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1343-1356. [PMID: 35150198 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of family with sequence similarity 83 member D (FAM83D) has been acknowledged as a vital contributor for the carcinogenesis of numerous cancers. The relevance of FAM83D in glioblastoma (GBM), however, is not well understood. This current work aimed to determine the possible roles and mechanisms of FAM83D in GBM. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found dramatic increases in FAM83D expression in GBM tissue. We also observed elevated levels of FAM83D in the clinical specimens of GBM. In vitro data showed that silencing FAM83D resulted in remarkable antitumor effects via inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GBM cells. Moreover, the knockdown of FAM83D improved sensitivity to the chemotherapy drug temozolomide. In-depth mechanism research revealed that the silencing of FAM83D strikingly decreased the phosphorylation levels of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and prohibited activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The suppression of AKT abolished FAM83D-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The re-expression of β-catenin reversed FAM83D-silencing-induced antitumor effects in GBM cells. In addition, GBM cells with FAM83D silencing exhibited reduced tumorigenic potential in vivo. Overall, the data from this work show that the inhibition of FAM83D displays antitumor effects in GBM via down-regulation of the AKT/Wnt/β-catenin pathway and propose FAM83D as a new therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shouping Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Modification of BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk by HMMR overexpression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1895. [PMID: 35393420 PMCID: PMC8989921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk for carriers of BRCA1 pathological variants is modified by genetic factors. Genetic variation in HMMR may contribute to this effect. However, the impact of risk modifiers on cancer biology remains undetermined and the biological basis of increased risk is poorly understood. Here, we depict an interplay of molecular, cellular, and tissue microenvironment alterations that increase BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk. Analysis of genome-wide association results suggests that diverse biological processes, including links to BRCA1-HMMR profiles, influence risk. HMMR overexpression in mouse mammary epithelium increases Brca1-mutant tumorigenesis by modulating the cancer cell phenotype and tumor microenvironment. Elevated HMMR activates AURKA and reduces ARPC2 localization in the mitotic cell cortex, which is correlated with micronucleation and activation of cGAS-STING and non-canonical NF-κB signaling. The initial tumorigenic events are genomic instability, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and tissue infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages. The findings reveal a biological foundation for increased risk of BRCA1-associated breast cancer.
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CK1 Is a Druggable Regulator of Microtubule Dynamics and Microtubule-Associated Processes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051345. [PMID: 35267653 PMCID: PMC8909099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases of the Casein Kinase 1 family play a vital role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Apart from functions associated with regulation of proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis, localization of several Casein Kinase 1 isoforms to the centrosome and microtubule asters also implicates regulatory functions in microtubule dynamic processes. Being localized to the spindle apparatus during mitosis Casein Kinase 1 directly modulates microtubule dynamics by phosphorylation of tubulin isoforms. Additionally, site-specific phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins can be related to the maintenance of genomic stability but also microtubule stabilization/destabilization, e.g., by hyper-phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1A and RITA1. Consequently, approaches interfering with Casein Kinase 1-mediated microtubule-specific functions might be exploited as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. Currently pursued strategies include the development of Casein Kinase 1 isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors and therapeutically useful peptides specifically inhibiting kinase-substrate interactions.
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Manni S, Fregnani A, Quotti Tubi L, Spinello Z, Carraro M, Scapinello G, Visentin A, Barilà G, Pizzi M, Dei Tos AP, Vianello F, Zambello R, Gurrieri C, Semenzato G, Trentin L, Piazza F. Protein Kinase CK1α Sustains B-Cell Receptor Signaling in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733848. [PMID: 34722279 PMCID: PMC8551451 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is still an incurable B-cell malignancy characterized by poor prognosis and frequent relapses. B Cell Receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors, in particular of the kinases BTK and PI3Kγ/δ, have demonstrated clinically meaningful anti-proliferative effects in B cell tumors. However, refractoriness to these drugs may develop, portending a dismal prognosis. Protein kinase CK1α is an emerging pro-growth enzyme in B cell malignancies. In multiple myeloma, this kinase sustains β-catenin and AKT-dependent survival and is involved in the activation of NF-κB in B cells. In this study, we analyzed the role of CK1α on MCL cell survival and proliferation, on the regulation of BCR-related BTK, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT signaling cascades and the effects of CK1α chemical inhibition or gene silencing in association with the BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib or the PI3Kγ/δ inhibitor Duvelisib. CK1α was found highly expressed in MCL cells as compared to normal B cells. The inactivation/loss of CK1α caused MCL cell apoptosis and proliferation arrest. CK1α sustained BCR signaling, in particular the NF-κB, AKT and BTK pathways by modulating the phosphorylation of Ser 652 on CARD11, Ser 536 p65 on NF-κB, Ser 473 on AKT, Tyr 223 on BTK, as well as the protein levels. We also provided evidence that CK1α-mediated regulation of CARD11 and BTK likely implicates a physical interaction. The combination of CK1α inhibition with Ibrutinib or Duvelisib synergistically increased cytotoxicity, leading to a further decrease of the activation of BCR signaling pathways. Therefore, CK1α sustains MCL growth through the regulation of BCR-linked survival signaling cascades and protects from Ibrutinib/Duvelisib-induced apoptosis. Thus, CK1α could be considered as a rational molecular target for the treatment of MCL, in association with novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Carraro
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vianello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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11
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Li Q, Zhou K, Du D, Chen Y, Liu D, Guan X. Dynamic expression of FAM83D in peripheral organs at different ages in mice. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 41:119199. [PMID: 34325035 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The family with sequence similarity 83 member (FAM83D) plays important role in the process of cell division as well as tumour progression. However, the role of FAM83D in tissue development was not well explored. Here, we assessed transcriptional levels of FAM83D and other possibly related genes in organs of mice at different ages and methylation level of FAM83D promoter. Our results indicate the trend of FAM83D expression in mouse testis, liver, lung and small intestine, and its relationship to CYCLINB1 and KI67. Finally, we found no effect of promoter methylation status on FAM83D expression during mice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Demin Du
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dekang Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Aquino Perez C, Burocziova M, Jenikova G, Macurek L. CK1-mediated phosphorylation of FAM110A promotes its interaction with mitotic spindle and controls chromosomal alignment. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51847. [PMID: 34080749 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by cyclin-dependent kinases that control gene expression, orchestration of mitotic spindle, and cell division. To identify new regulators of the cell cycle, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human non-transformed cells expressing a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator and identified 701 transcripts differentially expressed in G1 and G2 cells. Family with sequence similarity 110 member A (FAM110A) protein is highly expressed in G2 cells and localized at mitotic spindle and spindle poles during mitosis. Depletion of FAM110A impairs chromosomal alignment, delays metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and affects spindle positioning. Using mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation, we identified casein kinase I (CK1) in complex with FAM110A during mitosis. CK1 phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of FAM110A in vitro, and inhibition of CK1 reduces phosphorylation of mitotic FAM110A. Wild-type FAM110A, but not the FAM110A-S252-S255A mutant deficient in CK1 phosphorylation, rescues the chromosomal alignment, duration of mitosis, and orientation of the mitotic spindle after depletion of endogenous FAM110A. We propose that CK1 regulates chromosomal alignment by phosphorylating FAM110A and promoting its interaction with mitotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Aquino Perez
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Burocziova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Jenikova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Dunbar K, Macartney TJ, Sapkota GP. IMiDs induce FAM83F degradation via an interaction with CK1α to attenuate Wnt signalling. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000804. [PMID: 33361334 PMCID: PMC7768194 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) bind CRBN, a substrate receptor of the Cul4A E3 ligase complex, enabling the recruitment of neo-substrates, such as CK1α, and their degradation via the ubiquitinproteasome system. Here, we report FAM83F as such a neo-substrate. The eight FAM83 proteins (A-H) interact with and regulate the subcellular distribution of CK1α. We demonstrate that IMiD-induced FAM83F degradation requires its association with CK1α. However, no other FAM83 protein is degraded by IMiDs. We have recently identified FAM83F as a mediator of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. The IMiD-induced degradation of FAM83F attenuated Wnt signalling in colorectal cancer cells and removed CK1α from the plasma membrane, mirroring the phenotypes observed with genetic ablation of FAM83F. Intriguingly, the expression of FAM83G, which also binds to CK1α, appears to attenuate the IMiD-induced degradation of CK1α, suggesting a protective role for FAM83G on CK1α. Our findings reveal that the efficiency and extent of target protein degradation by IMiDs depends on the nature of inherent multiprotein complex in which the target protein is part of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dunbar
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
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14
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Dunbar K, Jones RA, Dingwell K, Macartney TJ, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. FAM83F regulates canonical Wnt signalling through an interaction with CK1α. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000805. [PMID: 33361109 PMCID: PMC7768192 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the FAM83F protein, like the functions of many members of the FAM83 family, is poorly understood. Here, we show that injection of Fam83f mRNA into Xenopus embryos causes axis duplication, a phenotype indicative of enhanced Wnt signalling. Consistent with this, overexpression of FAM83F activates Wnt signalling, whereas ablation of FAM83F from human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells attenuates it. We demonstrate that FAM83F is farnesylated and interacts and co-localises with CK1α at the plasma membrane. This interaction with CK1α is essential for FAM83F to activate Wnt signalling, and FAM83F mutants that do not interact with CK1α fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos and to activate Wnt signalling in cells. FAM83F acts upstream of GSK-3β because the attenuation of Wnt signalling caused by loss of FAM83F can be rescued by GSK-3 inhibition. Introduction of a farnesyl-deficient mutant of FAM83F in cells through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing redirects the FAM83F-CK1α complex away from the plasma membrane and significantly attenuates Wnt signalling, indicating that FAM83F exerts its effects on Wnt signalling at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dunbar
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (MRC-PPU), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee, UK
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15
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Fulcher LJ, Sapkota GP. Functions and regulation of the serine/threonine protein kinase CK1 family: moving beyond promiscuity. Biochem J 2020; 477:4603-4621. [PMID: 33306089 PMCID: PMC7733671 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regarded as constitutively active enzymes, known to participate in many, diverse biological processes, the intracellular regulation bestowed on the CK1 family of serine/threonine protein kinases is critically important, yet poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the known CK1-dependent cellular functions and review the emerging roles of CK1-regulating proteins in these processes. We go on to discuss the advances, limitations and pitfalls that CK1 researchers encounter when attempting to define relationships between CK1 isoforms and their substrates, and the challenges associated with ascertaining the correct physiological CK1 isoform for the substrate of interest. With increasing interest in CK1 isoforms as therapeutic targets, methods of selectively inhibiting CK1 isoform-specific processes is warranted, yet challenging to achieve given their participation in such a vast plethora of signalling pathways. Here, we discuss how one might shut down CK1-specific processes, without impacting other aspects of CK1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Fulcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Gopal P. Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
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16
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Simpson LM, Macartney TJ, Nardin A, Fulcher LJ, Röth S, Testa A, Maniaci C, Ciulli A, Ganley IG, Sapkota GP. Inducible Degradation of Target Proteins through a Tractable Affinity-Directed Protein Missile System. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1164-1180.e5. [PMID: 32668203 PMCID: PMC7505680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The affinity-directed protein missile (AdPROM) system utilizes specific polypeptide binders of intracellular proteins of interest (POIs) conjugated to an E3 ubiquitin ligase moiety to enable targeted proteolysis of the POI. However, a chemically tuneable AdPROM system is more desirable. Here, we use Halo-tag/VHL-recruiting proteolysis-targeting chimera (HaloPROTAC) technology to develop a ligand-inducible AdPROM (L-AdPROM) system. When we express an L-AdPROM construct consisting of an anti-GFP nanobody conjugated to the Halo-tag, we achieve robust degradation of GFP-tagged POIs only upon treatment of cells with the HaloPROTAC. For GFP-tagged POIs, ULK1, FAM83D, and SGK3 were knocked in with a GFP-tag using CRISPR/Cas9. By substituting the anti-GFP nanobody for a monobody that binds H- and K-RAS, we achieve robust degradation of unmodified endogenous RAS proteins only in the presence of the HaloPROTAC. Through substitution of the polypeptide binder, the highly versatile L-AdPROM system is useful for the inducible degradation of potentially any intracellular POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Simpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Alice Nardin
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sascha Röth
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Andrea Testa
- Division of Biological Chemistry & Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Amphista Therapeutics Ltd, Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Chiara Maniaci
- Division of Biological Chemistry & Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Chemistry Bedson Building, Kings Road, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry & Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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17
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Röth S, Macartney TJ, Konopacka A, Chan KH, Zhou H, Queisser MA, Sapkota GP. Targeting Endogenous K-RAS for Degradation through the Affinity-Directed Protein Missile System. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1151-1163.e6. [PMID: 32668202 PMCID: PMC7505679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
K-RAS is known as the most frequently mutated oncogene. However, the development of conventional K-RAS inhibitors has been extremely challenging, with a mutation-specific inhibitor reaching clinical trials only recently. Targeted proteolysis has emerged as a new modality in drug discovery to tackle undruggable targets. Our laboratory has developed a system for targeted proteolysis using peptidic high-affinity binders, called “AdPROM.” Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock in a GFP tag on the native K-RAS gene in A549 adenocarcinoma (A549GFPKRAS) cells and constructed AdPROMs containing high-affinity GFP or H/K-RAS binders. Expression of GFP-targeting AdPROM in A549GFPKRAS led to robust proteasomal degradation of endogenous GFP-K-RAS, while expression of anti-HRAS-targeting AdPROM in different cell lines resulted in the degradation of both GFP-tagged and untagged K-RAS, and untagged H-RAS. Our findings imply that endogenous RAS proteins can be targeted for proteolysis, supporting the idea of an alternative therapeutic approach to these undruggable targets. Generation of A549 cells with a homozygous knockin of GFP tag on the KRAS gene Proteasomal degradation of endogenous GFP-K-RAS using a VHL-GFP-nanobody fusion Proteasomal degradation of endogenous H/K-RAS using VHL-H/K-RAS-monobody fusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Röth
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- GlaxoSmithKline, Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Kwok-Ho Chan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Houjiang Zhou
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Markus A Queisser
- GlaxoSmithKline, Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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18
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Tachie-Menson T, Gázquez-Gutiérrez A, Fulcher LJ, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Sapkota GP. Characterisation of the biochemical and cellular roles of native and pathogenic amelogenesis imperfecta mutants of FAM83H. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109632. [PMID: 32289446 PMCID: PMC7284315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The majority of mutations identified in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta have been mapped to FAM83H. As FAM83H expression is not limited to the enamel, how FAM83H contributes to amelogenesis is still largely unknown. We previously reported that members of the FAM83 family of proteins interact with and regulate the subcellular distribution of the promiscuous serine-threonine protein kinase CK1 family, through their shared N-terminal DUF1669 domains. FAM83H co-localises with CK1 isoforms to speckle-like structures in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In this report, we show FAM83H, unlike other FAM83 proteins, interacts and colocalises with NCK1/2 tyrosine kinase adaptor proteins. This interaction is mediated by proline-rich motifs within the C-terminus of FAM83H, specifically interacting with the second and third SH3 domains of NCK1/2. Moreover, FAM83H pathogenic AI mutant proteins, which trigger C-terminal truncations of FAM83H, retain their interactions with CK1 isoforms but lose interaction with NCK1/2. These AI mutant FAM83H proteins acquire a nuclear localisation, and recruit CK1 isoforms to the nucleus where CK1 retains its kinase activity. As understanding the constituents of the FAM83H-localised speckles may hold the key to unravelling potential substrates of FAM83H-associated CK1 substrates, we employed a TurboID-based proximity labelling approach and uncovered several proteins including Iporin and BAG3 as potential constituents of the speckles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Gázquez-Gutiérrez
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan, s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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19
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He Z, Mei L, Connell M, Maxwell CA. Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor (HMMR) Encodes an Evolutionarily Conserved Homeostasis, Mitosis, and Meiosis Regulator Rather than a Hyaluronan Receptor. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040819. [PMID: 32231069 PMCID: PMC7226759 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is an extracellular matrix component that absorbs water in tissues and engages cell surface receptors, like Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44), to promote cellular growth and movement. Consequently, CD44 demarks stem cells in normal tissues and tumor-initiating cells isolated from neoplastic tissues. Hyaluronan mediated motility receptor (HMMR, also known as RHAMM) is another one of few defined hyaluronan receptors. HMMR is also associated with neoplastic processes and its role in cancer progression is often attributed to hyaluronan-mediated signaling. But, HMMR is an intracellular, microtubule-associated, spindle assembly factor that localizes protein complexes to augment the activities of mitotic kinases, like polo-like kinase 1 and Aurora kinase A, and control dynein and kinesin motor activities. Expression of HMMR is elevated in cells prior to and during mitosis and tissues with detectable HMMR expression tend to be highly proliferative, including neoplastic tissues. Moreover, HMMR is a breast cancer susceptibility gene product. Here, we briefly review the associations between HMMR and tumorigenesis as well as the structure and evolution of HMMR, which identifies Hmmr-like gene products in several insect species that do not produce hyaluronan. This review supports the designation of HMMR as a homeostasis, mitosis, and meiosis regulator, and clarifies how its dysfunction may promote the tumorigenic process and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcheng He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (Z.H.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (Z.H.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (Z.H.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Christopher A. Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; (Z.H.); (L.M.); (M.C.)
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-6048752000 (ext. 4691)
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20
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Cooper LM, Hanson A, Kavanagh JA, Waddell DS. Fam83d modulates MAP kinase and AKT signaling and is induced during neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109576. [PMID: 32092437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a serious health condition that can arise due to aging, cancer, corticosteroid exposure, and denervation. Previous work comparing gene expression profiles in control and denervated muscle tissue revealed for the first time that Fam83d is expressed in skeletal muscle and is significantly induced in response to denervation. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis found that Fam83d is more highly expressed in proliferating myoblasts compared to differentiated myotubes. Characterization of the transcriptional regulation of Fam83d showed that ectopic expression of myogenic regulatory factors inhibits Fam83d reporter gene activity. To assess where Fam83d is localized in the cell, Fam83d was fused with green fluorescent protein, expressed in C2C12 cells, and found to localize in a punctate manner to the cytoplasm of muscle cells. To assess function, Fam83d was ectopically expressed in cultured muscle cells and markers of muscle cell differentiation, the MAP Kinase signaling pathway, and the AKT signaling pathway were analyzed. Fam83d overexpression resulted in significant repression of myosin heavy chain and myogenin expression, while phosphorylated ERK and AKT were also significantly repressed. Interestingly, inhibition of the 26S proteasome and the MAP kinase signaling pathway both resulted in stabilization of Fam83d during muscle cell differentiation. Finally, Fam83d has a putative phospholipase D-like domain that appears to be necessary for destabilizing casein kinase Iα and inhibiting ERK phosphorylation in cultured myoblasts. The discovery that Fam83d is expressed in skeletal muscle combined with the observation that Fam83d, a potential modulator of MAP kinase and AKT signaling, is induced in response to neurogenic atrophy helps further our understanding of the molecular and cellular events of skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Cooper
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States of America
| | - Abby Hanson
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States of America
| | - Jack A Kavanagh
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States of America
| | - David S Waddell
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States of America.
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21
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Abstract
The coordinated activities of many protein kinases, acting on multiple protein substrates, ensures the error-free progression through mitosis of eukaryotic cells. Enormous research effort has thus been devoted to studying the roles and regulation of these mitotic kinases, and to the identification of their physiological substrates. Central for the timely deployment of specific protein kinases to their appropriate substrates during the cell division cycle are the many anchoring proteins, which serve critical regulatory roles. Through direct association, anchoring proteins are capable of modulating the catalytic activity and/or sub-cellular distribution of the mitotic kinases they associate with. The key roles of some anchoring proteins in cell division are well-established, whilst others are still being unearthed. Here, we review the current knowledge on anchoring proteins for some mitotic kinases, and highlight how targeting anchoring proteins for inhibition, instead of the mitotic kinases themselves, could be advantageous for disrupting the cell division cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019. [PMID: 31656861 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:133. [PMID: 31656861 PMCID: PMC6798324 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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