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Varghese SM, Patel S, Nandan A, Jose A, Ghosh S, Sah RK, Menon B, K V A, Chakravarty S. Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5. [PMID: 38730081 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder characterized by persistent dysphoria, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and a remarkable decrease in overall well-being. Despite the prevalence of accessible antidepressant therapies, many individuals do not achieve substantial improvement. Understanding the multifactorial pathophysiology and the heterogeneous nature of the disorder could lead the way toward better outcomes. Recent findings have elucidated the substantial impact of compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity on the manifestation of depression. BBB functions as an indispensable defense mechanism, tightly overseeing the transport of molecules from the periphery to preserve the integrity of the brain parenchyma. The dysfunction of the BBB has been implicated in a multitude of neurological disorders, and its disruption and consequent brain alterations could potentially serve as important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. In this review, we extensively examine the pathophysiological relevance of the BBB and delve into the specific modifications of its components that underlie the complexities of depression. A particular focus has been placed on examining the effects of peripheral inflammation on the BBB in depression and elucidating the intricate interactions between the gut, BBB, and brain. Furthermore, this review encompasses significant updates on the assessment of BBB integrity and permeability, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. Finally, we outline the therapeutic relevance and strategies based on BBB in depression, including COVID-19-associated BBB disruption and neuropsychiatric implications. Understanding the comprehensive pathogenic cascade of depression is crucial for shaping the trajectory of future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Mariya Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Shashikant Patel
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Anju Jose
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India
| | - Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682 041, India.
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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2
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Feng Z, Fang C, Ma Y, Chang J. Obesity-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction: phenotypes and mechanisms. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:110. [PMID: 38678254 PMCID: PMC11056074 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a burgeoning global health issue, is increasingly recognized for its detrimental effects on the central nervous system, particularly concerning the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This manuscript delves into the intricate relationship between obesity and BBB dysfunction, elucidating the underlying phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. We commence with an overview of the BBB's critical role in maintaining cerebral homeostasis and the pathological alterations induced by obesity. By employing a comprehensive literature review, we examine the structural and functional modifications of the BBB in the context of obesity, including increased permeability, altered transport mechanisms, and inflammatory responses. The manuscript highlights how obesity-induced systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation contribute to BBB disruption, thereby predisposing individuals to various neurological disorders. We further explore the potential pathways, such as oxidative stress and endothelial cell dysfunction, that mediate these changes. Our discussion culminates in the summary of current findings and the identification of knowledge gaps, paving the way for future research directions. This review underscores the significance of understanding BBB dysfunction in obesity, not only for its implications in neurodegenerative diseases but also for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, System of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, System of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, System of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xueyuan Ave 1068, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junlei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, System of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xueyuan Ave 1068, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Gettings SM, Timbury W, Dmochowska A, Sharma R, McGonigle R, MacKenzie LE, Miquelard-Garnier G, Bourbia N. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) micro- and nanoplastic particles affect the mitochondrial efficiency of human brain vascular pericytes without inducing oxidative stress. NANOIMPACT 2024; 34:100508. [PMID: 38663501 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of micro- and nanoplastic particles composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a significant contributor to plastic pollution, on human brain vascular pericytes. Specifically, we delved into their impact on mitochondrial functionality, oxidative stress, and the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, ferroptosis and mitochondrial functions. Our findings demonstrate that the exposure of a monoculture of human brain vascular pericytes to PET particles in vitro at a concentration of 50 μg/ml for a duration of 3, 6 and 10 days did not elicit oxidative stress. Notably, we observed a reduction in various aspects of mitochondrial respiration, including maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production in pericytes subjected to PET particles for 3 days, with a mitochondrial function recovery at 6 and 10 days. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant alterations in mitochondrial DNA copy number, or in the expression of genes linked to oxidative stress and ferroptosis, but an increase of the expression of the gene mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) was noted at 3 days exposure. These outcomes suggest that, at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, PET particles do not induce oxidative stress in human brain vascular pericytes. Instead, at 3 days exposure, PET exposure impairs mitochondrial functions, but this is recovered at 6-day exposure. This seems to indicate a potential mitochondrial hormesis response (mitohormesis) is incited, involving the gene TFAM. Further investigations are warranted to explore the stages of mitohormesis and the potential consequences of plastics on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and intercellular interactions. This research contributes to our comprehension of the potential repercussions of nanoplastic pollution on human health and underscores the imperative need for ongoing examinations into the exposure to plastic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gettings
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - William Timbury
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Anna Dmochowska
- Laboratoire PIMM, CNRS, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Cnam, HESAM Universite, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Riddhi Sharma
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Rebecca McGonigle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Lewis E MacKenzie
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier
- Laboratoire PIMM, CNRS, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Cnam, HESAM Universite, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nora Bourbia
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation Effects Department, Radiation Protection Science Division, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK.
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Joseph CR. Progressive Age-Associated Blood-Brain Barrier Leak/Dysfunction-Nexus of Neurodegenerative Disease Using MRI Markers to Identify Preclinical Disease and Potential New Targets for Future Treatments. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:726. [PMID: 38611639 PMCID: PMC11011559 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the upstream pertinent pathophysiology leading to neurodegenerative disease. Specifically, the nexus appears to be blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakiness resulting in a two-prong inflammatory disease spectrum damaging the microvasculature and corrupting protein synthesis and degradation with accumulating misfolded toxic proteins. The suboptimal results of removing misfolded proteins mean a new approach to disease in the preclinical state is required aimed at other targets. Validated noninvasive imaging and serologic biomarkers of early preclinical disease implemented in the high-risk patient cohort along with periodic surveillance once effective treatments are developed will be required. This review discusses the physiology and pathophysiology of the BBB, new MRI imaging techniques identifying the leak, and altered fluid dynamic effects in the preclinical state. The risk factors for disease development, preventative measures, and potential treatment targets are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Joseph
- Neurology and Internal Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
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Damiani D, Baggiani M, Della Vecchia S, Naef V, Santorelli FM. Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Preclinical Cellular Model for Studying Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2615. [PMID: 38473862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a family of degenerative diseases mostly hitting descending axons of corticospinal neurons. Depending on the gene and mutation involved, the disease could present as a pure form with limb spasticity, or a complex form associated with cerebellar and/or cortical signs such as ataxia, dysarthria, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. The progressive nature of HSPs invariably leads patients to require walking canes or wheelchairs over time. Despite several attempts to ameliorate the life quality of patients that have been tested, current therapeutical approaches are just symptomatic, as no cure is available. Progress in research in the last two decades has identified a vast number of genes involved in HSP etiology, using cellular and animal models generated on purpose. Although unanimously considered invaluable tools for basic research, those systems are rarely predictive for the establishment of a therapeutic approach. The advent of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells allowed instead the direct study of morphological and molecular properties of the patient's affected neurons generated upon in vitro differentiation. In this review, we revisited all the present literature recently published regarding the use of iPS cells to differentiate HSP patient-specific neurons. Most studies have defined patient-derived neurons as a reliable model to faithfully mimic HSP in vitro, discovering original findings through immunological and -omics approaches, and providing a platform to screen novel or repurposed drugs. Thereby, one of the biggest hopes of current HSP research regards the use of patient-derived iPS cells to expand basic knowledge on the disease, while simultaneously establishing new therapeutic treatments for both generalized and personalized approaches in daily medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devid Damiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Baggiani
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Naef
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128 Pisa, Italy
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Romay MC, Knutsen RH, Ma F, Mompeón A, Hernandez GE, Salvador J, Mirkov S, Batra A, Sullivan DP, Procissi D, Buchanan S, Kronquist E, Ferrante EA, Muller WA, Walshon J, Steffens A, McCortney K, Horbinski C, Tournier‑Lasserve E, Sonabend AM, Sorond FA, Wang MM, Boehm M, Kozel BA, Iruela-Arispe ML. Age-related loss of Notch3 underlies brain vascular contractility deficiencies, glymphatic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e166134. [PMID: 38015629 PMCID: PMC10786701 DOI: 10.1172/jci166134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging affects multiple organ systems, including the brain, where it can lead to vascular dementia. However, a concrete understanding of how aging specifically affects the brain vasculature, along with molecular readouts, remains vastly incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that aging is associated with a marked decline in Notch3 signaling in both murine and human brain vessels. To clarify the consequences of Notch3 loss in the brain vasculature, we used single-cell transcriptomics and found that Notch3 inactivation alters regulation of calcium and contractile function and promotes a notable increase in extracellular matrix. These alterations adversely impact vascular reactivity, manifesting as dilation, tortuosity, microaneurysms, and decreased cerebral blood flow, as observed by MRI. Combined, these vascular impairments hinder glymphatic flow and result in buildup of glycosaminoglycans within the brain parenchyma. Remarkably, this phenomenon mirrors a key pathological feature found in brains of patients with CADASIL, a hereditary vascular dementia associated with NOTCH3 missense mutations. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing of the neuronal compartment in aging Notch3-null mice unveiled patterns reminiscent of those observed in neurodegenerative diseases. These findings offer direct evidence that age-related NOTCH3 deficiencies trigger a progressive decline in vascular function, subsequently affecting glymphatic flow and culminating in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros C. Romay
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana Mompeón
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gloria E. Hernandez
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jocelynda Salvador
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Snezana Mirkov
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ayush Batra
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Neurology, and
| | | | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel Buchanan
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elise Kronquist
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisa A. Ferrante
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jordain Walshon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alicia Steffens
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elisabeth Tournier‑Lasserve
- Inserm NeuroDiderot, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique Neurovasculaire, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Michael M. Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A. Kozel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Chia RSL, Minta K, Wu LY, Salai KHT, Chai YL, Hilal S, Venketasubramanian N, Chen CP, Chong JR, Lai MKP. Serum Brevican as a Biomarker of Cerebrovascular Disease in an Elderly Cognitively Impaired Cohort. Biomolecules 2024; 14:75. [PMID: 38254675 PMCID: PMC10813026 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition shapes the neuronal microenvironment and can undergo substantial changes with cerebral pathology. Brevican is integral to the formation of the ECM's neuroprotective perineuronal nets (PNNs). Decreased brevican levels were reported in vascular dementia (VaD) but not in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the status of brevican in clinical cohorts with high concomitance of AD pathological burden and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is unclear. In this study, 32 non-cognitively impaired (NCI), 97 cognitively impaired no dementia (CIND), 46 AD, and 23 VaD participants recruited from memory clinics based in Singapore underwent neuropsychological and neuroimaging assessments, together with measurements of serum brevican. Association analyses were performed between serum brevican and neuroimaging measures of CeVDs, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cortical infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds. Using an aggregated score for CeVD burden, only CIND participants showed lower brevican levels with higher CeVD compared to those with lower CeVD burden (p = 0.006). Among the CeVD subtypes assessed, only elevated WMH burden was associated with lower brevican levels (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3-5.5). Our findings suggest that brevican deficits may play a role in early cerebrovascular damage in participants at risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. L. Chia
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Karolina Minta
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore–ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Liu-Yun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Kaung H. T. Salai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Departments of Epidemiology and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christopher P. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Joyce R. Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Xu Y, Fang X, Zhao Z, Wu H, Fan H, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Rong Q, Fukunaga K, Guo Q, Liu Q. GPR124 induces NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in endothelial cells during ischemic injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176228. [PMID: 38042462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE G protein-coupled receptor 124 (GPR124) regulates central nervous system angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and its deficiency aggravates BBB breakdown and hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic mice. However, excessive GPR124 expression promotes inflammation in atherosclerotic mice. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of GPR124 in hypoxia/ischemia-induced cerebrovascular endothelial cell injury. METHODS bEnd.3 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and time-dependent changes in GPR124 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The effects of GPR124 overexpression or knockdown on the expression of pyroptosis-related genes were assessed at the mRNA and protein levels. Tadehaginoside (TA) was screened as a potential small molecule targeting GPR124, and its effects on pyroptosis-related signaling pathways were investigated. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of TA was evaluated using a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO/R). RESULTS During OGD, the expression of GPR124 initially increased and then decreased over time, with the highest levels observed 1 h after OGD. The overexpression of GPR124 enhanced the OGD-induced expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) in bEnd.3 cells, whereas GPR124 knockdown reduced pyroptosis. Additionally, TA exhibited a high targeting ability to GPR124, significantly inhibiting its function and expression and suppressing the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins during OGD. Furthermore, TA treatment significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume and pyroptotic signaling in tMCAO/R rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GPR124 mediates pyroptotic signaling in endothelial cells during the early stages of hypoxia/ischemia, thereby exacerbating ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy & Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Xingyue Fang
- Department of Pharmacy & Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Haolin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy & Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Haofei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Qingwen Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Qiongwen Rong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Qibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy & Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
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9
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van Splunder H, Villacampa P, Martínez-Romero A, Graupera M. Pericytes in the disease spotlight. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:58-71. [PMID: 37474376 PMCID: PMC10777571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are known as the mural cells in small-caliber vessels that interact closely with the endothelium. Pericytes play a key role in vasculature formation and homeostasis, and when dysfunctional contribute to vasculature-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, significant extravascular roles of pathological pericytes are being discovered with relevant implications for cancer and fibrosis. Pericyte research is challenged by the lack of consistent molecular markers and clear discrimination criteria versus other (mural) cells. However, advances in single-cell approaches are uncovering and clarifying mural cell identities, biological functions, and ontogeny across organs. We discuss the latest developments in pericyte pathobiology to inform future research directions and potential outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Romero
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Gao P, Yi J, Chen W, Gu J, Miao S, Wang X, Huang Y, Jiang T, Li Q, Zhou W, Zhao S, Wu M, Yin G, Chen J. Pericyte-derived exosomal miR-210 improves mitochondrial function and inhibits lipid peroxidation in vascular endothelial cells after traumatic spinal cord injury by activating JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:452. [PMID: 38012616 PMCID: PMC10680350 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a significant health concern, with limited available treatment options. This condition poses significant medical, economic, and social challenges. SCI is typically categorized into primary and secondary injuries. Inflammation, oxidative stress, scar formation, and the immune microenvironment impede axon regeneration and subsequent functional restoration. Numerous studies have shown that the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and microvessels is a crucial factor in severe secondary injury. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced lipid peroxidation significantly contributes to endothelial cell death. Pericytes are essential constituents of the BBB that share the basement membrane with endothelial cells and astrocytes. They play a significant role in the establishment and maintenance of BBB. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining at different time points revealed a consistent correlation between pericyte coverage and angiogenesis, suggesting that pericytes promote vascular repair via paracrine signaling. Pericytes undergo alterations in cellular morphology and the transcriptome when exposed to hypoxic conditions, potentially promoting angiogenesis. We simulated an early ischemia-hypoxic environment following SCI using glucose and oxygen deprivation and BBB models. Co-culturing pericytes with endothelial cells improved barrier function compared to the control group. However, this enhancement was reduced by the exosome inhibitor, GW4869. In vivo injection of exosomes improved BBB integrity and promoted motor function recovery in mice following SCI. Subsequently, we found that pericyte-derived exosomes exhibited significant miR-210-5p expression based on sequencing analysis. Therefore, we performed a series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that miR-210-5p regulates endothelial barrier function by inhibiting JAK1/STAT3 signaling. This process is achieved by regulating lipid peroxidation levels and improving mitochondrial function, suggesting a potential mechanism for restoration of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Orthopedic, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, No. 1128 Dacheng Road, Wuxi, 214105, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Miao
- Department of Orthopedic, Suqian First People's Hospital, No. 120 Suzhi Road, Suqian, 223812, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Maanshan People's Hospital, No. 45 Hubei Road, Maanshan, 243000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhang L, Abedin M, Jo HN, Levey J, Dinh QC, Chen Z, Angers S, Junge HJ. A Frizzled4-LRP5 agonist promotes blood-retina barrier function by inducing a Norrin-like transcriptional response. iScience 2023; 26:107415. [PMID: 37559903 PMCID: PMC10407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Norrin (NDP) and WNT7A/B induce and maintain the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier (BBB, BRB) by stimulating the Frizzled4-LDL receptor related protein 5/6 (FZD4-LRP5/6) complex to induce beta-catenin-dependent signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). Recently developed agonists for the FZD4-LRP5 complex have therapeutic potential in retinal and neurological diseases. Here, we use the tetravalent antibody modality F4L5.13 to identify agonist activities in Tspan12-/- mice, which display a complex retinal pathology due to impaired NDP-signaling. F4L5.13 administration during development alleviates BRB defects, retinal hypovascularization, and restores neural function. In mature Tspan12-/- mice F4L5.13 partially induces a BRB de novo without inducing angiogenesis. In a genetic model of impaired BRB maintenance, administration of F4L5.13 rapidly and substantially restores the BRB. scRNA-seq reveals perturbations of key mediators of barrier functions in juvenile Tspan12-/- mice, which are in large parts restored after F4L5.13 administration. This study identifies transcriptional and functional activities of FZD4-LRP5 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Md. Abedin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ha-Neul Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacklyn Levey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Quynh Chau Dinh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harald J. Junge
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Nakisli S, Lagares A, Nielsen CM, Cuervo H. Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in central nervous system arteriovenous malformations. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210563. [PMID: 37601628 PMCID: PMC10437819 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously considered passive support cells, mural cells-pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells-have started to garner more attention in disease research, as more subclassifications, based on morphology, gene expression, and function, have been discovered. Central nervous system (CNS) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a neurovascular disorder in which mural cells have been shown to be affected, both in animal models and in human patients. To study consequences to mural cells in the context of AVMs, various animal models have been developed to mimic and predict human AVM pathologies. A key takeaway from recently published work is that AVMs and mural cells are heterogeneous in their molecular, cellular, and functional characteristics. In this review, we summarize the observed perturbations to mural cells in human CNS AVM samples and CNS AVM animal models, and we discuss various potential mechanisms relating mural cell pathologies to AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Lindner T, Bolar DS, Achten E, Barkhof F, Bastos-Leite AJ, Detre JA, Golay X, Günther M, Wang DJJ, Haller S, Ingala S, Jäger HR, Jahng GH, Juttukonda MR, Keil VC, Kimura H, Ho ML, Lequin M, Lou X, Petr J, Pinter N, Pizzini FB, Smits M, Sokolska M, Zaharchuk G, Mutsaerts HJMM. Current state and guidance on arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in clinical neuroimaging. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:2024-2047. [PMID: 36695294 PMCID: PMC10914350 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on clinical applications of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and is part of a wider effort from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group to update and expand on the recommendations provided in the 2015 ASL consensus paper. Although the 2015 consensus paper provided general guidelines for clinical applications of ASL MRI, there was a lack of guidance on disease-specific parameters. Since that time, the clinical availability and clinical demand for ASL MRI has increased. This position paper provides guidance on using ASL in specific clinical scenarios, including acute ischemic stroke and steno-occlusive disease, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, brain tumors, neurodegenerative disease, seizures/epilepsy, and pediatric neuroradiology applications, focusing on disease-specific considerations for sequence optimization and interpretation. We present several neuroradiological applications in which ASL provides unique information essential for making the diagnosis. This guidance is intended for anyone interested in using ASL in a routine clinical setting (i.e., on a single-subject basis rather than in cohort studies) building on the previous ASL consensus review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Divya S. Bolar
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Achten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, UK
| | | | - John A. Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Xavier Golay
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Günther
- (1) University Bremen, Germany; (2) Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany; (3) mediri GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Sven Haller
- (1) CIMC - Centre d’Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Place de Cornavin 18, 1201 Genève 1201 Genève (2) Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (3) Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, P. R. China
| | - Silvia Ingala
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Jäger
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neuroradiology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geon-Ho Jahng
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meher R. Juttukonda
- (1) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown MA USA (2) Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA USA
| | - Vera C. Keil
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hirohiko Kimura
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, JAPAN
| | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maarten Lequin
- Division Imaging & Oncology, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine | University Medical Center Utrecht & Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jan Petr
- (1) Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany (2) Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nandor Pinter
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. University at Buffalo Neurosurgery, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Francesca B. Pizzini
- Radiology Institute, Dept. of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marion Smits
- (1) Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2) The Brain Tumour Centre, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Sokolska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Henk JMM Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Bjørnholm KD, Del Gaudio F, Li H, Li W, Vazquez-Liebanas E, Mäe MA, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C, Nilsson P, Karlström H, Vanlandewijck M. A robust and efficient microvascular isolation method for multimodal characterization of the mouse brain vasculature. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100431. [PMID: 37056377 PMCID: PMC10088242 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Studying disease-related changes in the brain vasculature is warranted due to its crucial role in supplying oxygen and nutrients and removing waste and due to the anticipated vascular dysfunction in brain diseases. To this end, we have developed a protocol for fast and simple isolation of brain vascular fragments without the use of transgenic reporters. We used it to isolate and analyze 22,515 cells by single-cell RNA sequencing. The cells distributed into 23 distinct clusters corresponding to all known vascular and perivascular cell types in the brain. Western blot analysis also suggested that the protocol is suitable for proteomic analysis. We further adapted it for the establishment of primary cell cultures. The protocol generated highly reproducible results. In conclusion, we have developed a simple and robust brain vascular isolation protocol suitable for different experimental modalities, such as single-cell analyses, western blotting, and primary cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Dahl Bjørnholm
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Weihan Li
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisa Vazquez-Liebanas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helena Karlström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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15
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Slaoui L, Gilbert A, Rancillac A, Delaunay-Piednoir B, Chagnot A, Gerard Q, Letort G, Mailly P, Robil N, Gelot A, Lefebvre M, Favier M, Dias K, Jourdren L, Federici L, Auvity S, Cisternino S, Vivien D, Cohen-Salmon M, Boulay AC. In mice and humans, brain microvascular contractility matures postnatally. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:475-492. [PMID: 36380034 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although great efforts to characterize the embryonic phase of brain microvascular system development have been made, its postnatal maturation has barely been described. Here, we compared the molecular and functional properties of brain vascular cells on postnatal day (P)5 vs. P15, via a transcriptomic analysis of purified mouse cortical microvessels (MVs) and the identification of vascular-cell-type-specific or -preferentially expressed transcripts. We found that endothelial cells (EC), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and fibroblasts (FB) follow specific molecular maturation programs over this time period. Focusing on VSMCs, we showed that the arteriolar VSMC network expands and becomes contractile resulting in a greater cerebral blood flow (CBF), with heterogenous developmental trajectories within cortical regions. Samples of the human brain cortex showed the same postnatal maturation process. Thus, the postnatal phase is a critical period during which arteriolar VSMC contractility required for vessel tone and brain perfusion is acquired and mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Slaoui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alice Gilbert
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Rancillac
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Delaunay-Piednoir
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Quentin Gerard
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoinette Gelot
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Lefebvre
- Service de foetopathologie, Centre hospitalier régional d'Orleans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Karine Dias
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de L'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de L'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Federici
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de la côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Cécile Boulay
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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16
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Perrelli A, Bozza A, Ferraris C, Osella S, Moglia A, Mioletti S, Battaglia L, Retta SF. Multidrug-Loaded Lipid Nanoemulsions for the Combinatorial Treatment of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020480. [PMID: 36831015 PMCID: PMC9953270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) or cavernoma is a major vascular disease of genetic origin, whose main phenotypes occur in the central nervous system, and is currently devoid of pharmacological therapeutic strategies. Cavernomas can remain asymptomatic during a lifetime or manifest with a wide range of symptoms, including recurrent headaches, seizures, strokes, and intracerebral hemorrhages. Loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1/CCM1 are responsible for more than 50% of all familial cases, and have been clearly shown to affect cellular junctions, redox homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of multidrug-loaded lipid nanoemulsions in rescuing the pathological phenotype of CCM disease. The pro-autophagic rapamycin, antioxidant avenanthramide, and antiangiogenic bevacizumab were loaded into nanoemulsions, with the aim of reducing the major molecular dysfunctions associated with cavernomas. Through Western blot analysis of biomarkers in an in vitro CCM model, we demonstrated that drug-loaded lipid nanoemulsions rescue antioxidant responses, reactivate autophagy, and reduce the effect of pro-angiogenic factors better than the free drugs. Our results show the importance of developing a combinatorial preventive and therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of lesion formation and inhibit or completely revert the multiple hallmarks that characterize the pathogenesis and progression of cavernomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Annalisa Bozza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Sara Osella
- San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Torino, 10154 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, TO, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.F.R.)
| | - Saverio Francesco Retta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- CCM Italia Research Network, National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.F.R.)
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17
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Boehme M, Guzzetta KE, Wasén C, Cox LM. The gut microbiota is an emerging target for improving brain health during ageing. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2023; 4:E2. [PMID: 37179659 PMCID: PMC10174391 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays crucial roles in maintaining the health and homeostasis of its host throughout lifespan, including through its ability to impact brain function and regulate behaviour during ageing. Studies have shown that there are disparate rates of biologic ageing despite equivalencies in chronologic age, including in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, which suggests that environmental factors may play an important role in determining health outcomes in ageing. Recent evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota may be a potential novel target to ameliorate symptoms of brain ageing and promote healthy cognition. This review highlights the current knowledge around the relationships between the gut microbiota and host brain ageing, including potential contributions to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we assess key areas for which gut microbiota-based strategies may present as opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Boehme
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Katherine Elizabeth Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Wasén
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Michelle Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Joseph CR, Kreilach A, Reyna VA, Kepler TA, Taylor BV, Kang J, McCorkle D, Rider NL. Utilizing Reduced Labeled Proton Clearance to Identify Preclinical Alzheimer Disease with 3D ASL MRI. Case Rep Neurol 2023; 15:177-186. [PMID: 37901133 PMCID: PMC10603764 DOI: 10.1159/000530980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing the seminal pathophysiology in Alzheimer disease (AD) is the next logical focus for effective intervention, given the initial disappointing and more recent possibly encouraging results of monoclonal antibody trials. Endothelial cell dysfunction-induced blood-brain barrier leak with associated prolonged capillary mean transit time (cMTT) and glymphatic outflow dysfunction is the most proximal events in the degeneration cascade. Sensitive and reproducible markers are required to both identify early disease and assess future treatment trial outcomes. Two participants, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and one with AD, were evaluated clinically prior to MRI in this small case series report. From seven 3D turbo gradient and spin echo (TGSE) pulsed arterial spin echo (PASL) MRI sequences six homologous region of interest in bitemporal, bifrontal, and biparietal lobes for each sequence were examined and plotted against time. By choosing late perfusion times during cMTT phase of perfusion linear analysis of signal decay could be utilized. A reference axial FLAIR sequence was also obtained. Slope of the linear analysis correlated to the rate of labeled proton clearance with reduced clearance occurring in AD participants compared to normal participants in our previous study. Whether similar differences in clearance rate extend to either MCI or early AD was investigated. Participants were categorized by clinical phenotype before MRI and compared to previously published phenotype cohorts: n = 18 normal/healthy, n = 6 AD, n = 3 MCI. Significant differences in labeled proton clearance rates between AD and MCI/control phenotypes within bilateral temporal lobes (left p = 0.004, right p = 0.002) and within bilateral frontal lobes AD versus controls (left p = 0.001, right p = 0.008) and AD versus MCI (left p = 0.001, right p = 0.001) were found. This noninvasive MRI technique has potential for identifying MCI transition to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Joseph
- Department of Neurology, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine (LUCOM) Lynchburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jubin Kang
- LUCOM medical student, Lynchburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas L. Rider
- Department of Bioinformatics and Immunology, LUCOM, Lynchburg, VA, USA
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19
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Bouhrira N, DeOre BJ, Tran KA, Galie PA. Transcriptomic analysis of a 3D blood-brain barrier model exposed to disturbed fluid flow. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:94. [PMID: 36434717 PMCID: PMC9700938 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysms are more likely to form at bifurcations in the vasculature, where disturbed fluid is prevalent due to flow separation at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers. While previous studies have demonstrated that altered shear stress exerted by disturbed flow disrupts endothelial tight junctions, less is known about how these flow regimes alter gene expression in endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier. Specifically, the effect of disturbed flow on expression of genes associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, which likely mediate aneurysm formation, remains unclear. RNA sequencing of immortalized cerebral endothelial cells isolated from the lumen of a 3D blood-brain barrier model reveals distinct transcriptional changes in vessels exposed to fully developed and disturbed flow profiles applied by both steady and physiological waveforms. Differential gene expression, validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting, reveals that lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is the most significantly downregulated gene in endothelial cells exposed to steady, disturbed flow. Knocking down lumican expression reduces barrier function in the presence of steady, fully developed flow. Moreover, adding purified lumican into the hydrogel of the 3D blood-brain barrier model recovers barrier function in the region exposed to fully developed flow. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of flow regimes exhibiting spatial and temporal heterogeneous shear stress profiles on cell-matrix interaction in endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier, while also identifying lumican as a contributor to the formation and maintenance of an intact barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrira
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Brandon J. DeOre
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Kiet A. Tran
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Peter A. Galie
- grid.262671.60000 0000 8828 4546Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ USA
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20
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Tarawneh R, Kasper RS, Sanford J, Phuah C, Hassenstab J, Cruchaga C. Vascular endothelial-cadherin as a marker of endothelial injury in preclinical Alzheimer disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1926-1940. [PMID: 36342663 PMCID: PMC9735377 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction is an early and prevalent pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD). We here investigate the value of vascular endothelial-cadherin (VEC) as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker of endothelial injury in preclinical AD. METHODS Cognitively normal participants (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0) from the Knight Washington University-ADRC were included in this study (n = 700). Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores, CSF VEC, tau, p-tau181, Aβ42/Aβ40, neurofilament light-chain (NFL) levels, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments of white matter injury (WMI) were obtained from all participants. A subset of participants underwent brain amyloid imaging using positron emission tomography (amyloid-PET) (n = 534). Linear regression examined associations of CSF VEC with PACC and individual cognitive scores in preclinical AD. Mediation analyses examined whether CSF VEC mediated effects of CSF amyloid and tau markers on cognition in preclinical AD. RESULTS CSF VEC levels significantly correlated with PACC and individual cognitive scores in participants with amyloid (A+T±N±; n = 558) or those with amyloid and tau pathologies (A+T+N±; n = 259), after adjusting for covariates. CSF VEC also correlated with CSF measures of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration and global amyloid burden on amyloid-PET scans in our cohort. Importantly, our findings suggest that CSF VEC mediates associations of CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau181, and global amyloid burden with cognitive outcomes in preclinical AD. INTERPRETATION Our results support the utility of CSF VEC as a marker of endothelial injury in AD and highlight the importance of endothelial injury as an early pathology that contributes to cognitive impairment in even the earliest preclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA,Center for Memory and AgingUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Rachel S. Kasper
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Jessie Sanford
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA,NeuroGenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University in St LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Chia‐Ling Phuah
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University in St LouisMissouriUSA,Department of NeurologyWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of PsychologyWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA,NeuroGenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University in St LouisMissouriUSA
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21
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Li H, Xu J, Zhang Y, Hong L, He Z, Zeng Z, Zhang L. Astragaloside IV alleviates senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells through activating Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1684-1696. [PMID: 35925474 PMCID: PMC9515037 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), as one of the main active components of Astragalus membranaceus, has been reported to have cardiovascular protective effects. However, the role and molecular mechanism of AS-IV in vascular senescence have not been clearly stated. The in vitro aging model was constructed using bleomycin (BLM) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cell senescence were assessed through Western blotting analysis of aging markers, flow cytometry, and the β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) kit. Mitophagy was determined through transmission electron microscopy, TMRM staining, and Western blotting analysis of p62. A model of aging blood vessels was induced by D-gal. The vascular wall thickness of mice was also evaluated by H&E staining. Our data proved that AS-IV plays an anti-senescent role in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that AS-IV effectively improved mitochondrial injury, raised MMP, and mediated mitophagy in BLM-induced senescent VSMCs and D-gal induced aging mice. Parkin expression strengthened AS-IV's anti-senescent function. In conclusions, AS-IV attenuated BLM-induced VSMC senescence via Parkin to regulate mitophagy. Therefore, AS-IV-mediated Parkin might be a latent therapeutic agent and target for VSMC senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19, Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19, Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Long Gang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19, Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiheng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19, Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19, Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Goncalves A, Antonetti DA. Transgenic animal models to explore and modulate the blood brain and blood retinal barriers of the CNS. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:86. [PMID: 36320068 PMCID: PMC9628113 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique environment of the brain and retina is tightly regulated by blood-brain barrier and the blood-retinal barrier, respectively, to ensure proper neuronal function. Endothelial cells within these tissues possess distinct properties that allow for controlled passage of solutes and fluids. Pericytes, glia cells and neurons signal to endothelial cells (ECs) to form and maintain the barriers and control blood flow, helping to create the neurovascular unit. This barrier is lost in a wide range of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and retina such as brain tumors, stroke, dementia, and in the eye, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions and age-related macular degeneration to name prominent examples. Recent studies directly link barrier changes to promotion of disease pathology and degradation of neuronal function. Understanding how these barriers form and how to restore these barriers in disease provides an important point for therapeutic intervention. This review aims to describe the fundamentals of the blood-tissue barriers of the CNS and how the use of transgenic animal models led to our current understanding of the molecular framework of these barriers. The review also highlights examples of targeting barrier properties to protect neuronal function in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Goncalves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall St Rm, Ann Arbor, MI, 7317, USA
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall St Rm, Ann Arbor, MI, 7317, USA.
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23
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Delvecchio G, Gritti D, Squarcina L, Brambilla P. Neurovascular alterations in bipolar disorder: A review of perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies. J Affect Disord 2022; 316:254-272. [PMID: 35940377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe chronic psychiatric disorder whose aetiology is still largely unknown. However, increasing literature reported the involvement of neurovascular factors in the pathophysiology of BD, suggesting that a measure of Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) could be an important biomarker of the illness. Therefore, since, to date, Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI) techniques, such as Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) and Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL), are the most common approaches that allow non-invasive in-vivo perfusion measurements,this review aims to summarize the results from all PWI studies that evaluated the CBF in BD. METHODS A bibliographic search in PubMed up until May 2021 was performed. 16 PWI studies that used DSC or ASL sequences met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Overall, the results supported the presence of hyper-perfusion in the cingulate cortex and fronto-temporal regions, as well as the presence of hypo-perfusion in the cerebellum in BD, compared with both healthy controls and patients with unipolar depression. CBF changes after cognitive and aerobic training, as well as in relation with other physiological, clinical, and neurocognitive variables were also reported. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity across the studies, in terms of experimental designs, sample selection, and methodological approach employed, limited the studies' comparison. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed CBF alterations in the cingulate cortex, fronto-temporal regions, and cerebellum in BD, suggesting that CBF may be an important pathophysiological marker of BD that merits further investigation to clarify the extent of neurovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Gritti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Squarcina
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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24
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Senkyunolide H Affects Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Regulation on Autophagy of Neuronal Cells via P13K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9211621. [PMID: 36225195 PMCID: PMC9550497 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9211621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia (CI) is associated with high global incidence and risk; therefore, its rapid and reliable therapeutic management is essential for protecting patients' lives and improving health. Senkyunolide H (SH) is remarkably effective against phlebosclerosis, oxidation, and apoptosis. Blood-brain barrier is the main obstacle impeding the delivery of drugs and xenobiotics to brain areas. Drugs' loading in nanoparticles can overcome the blood-brain barrier obstacle and thus directly and completely act on brain tissue, and such a loading can also change the half-life of drugs in vivo and lower the dosage requirement of drugs. In this study, we loaded the SH in lipid nanoparticles to improve its delivery to the brain for the therapy of CI. Thus, this study preliminarily analyzed the mechanism of SH-loaded nanoparticles in CI. The SH-loaded lipid nanoparticles were prepared and characterized with electron microscopy and PS potentiometery. The SH-loaded nanoparticles were intraperitoneally administered to CI-induced rats and brain tissue water content, and neuronal apoptosis and autophagy-associated proteins were determined. Our assays revealed SH-loaded nanoparticle's ability to reduce nerve injury and brain tissue water content in rats with CI and inhibit the apoptosis and autophagy of their neuronal cells (NCs). Additionally, under intervention with SH-loaded nanoparticles, P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway-associated proteins in brain tissue of rats decreased. As the assay results showed, SH-loaded nanoparticles can suppress the autophagy of NCs through medicating P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway and lower apoptosis, thus delivering the effect of treating CI. Results of this study indicate SH-loaded nanoparticles as promising strategy for delivery SH to brain areas for treating CI.
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25
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Shao X, Liu Z, Mao S, Han L. Unraveling the Mechanobiology Underlying Traumatic Brain Injury with Advanced Technologies and Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200760. [PMID: 35841392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health and socioeconomic problem, associated with prolonged and complex neurological aftermaths, including a variety of functional deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Research on the long-term effects has highlighted that TBI shall be regarded as a chronic health condition. The initiation and exacerbation of TBI involve a series of mechanical stimulations and perturbations, accompanied by mechanotransduction events within the brain tissues. Mechanobiology thus offers a unique perspective and likely promising approach to unravel the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to neural cells dysfunction after TBI, which may contribute to the discovery of novel targets for future clinical treatment. This article investigates TBI and the subsequent brain dysfunction from a lens of neuromechanobiology. Following an introduction, the mechanobiological insights are examined into the molecular pathology of TBI, and then an overview is given of the latest research technologies to explore neuromechanobiology, with particular focus on microfluidics and biomaterials. Challenges and prospects in the current field are also discussed. Through this article, it is hoped that extensive technical innovation in biomedical devices and materials can be encouraged to advance the field of neuromechanobiology, paving potential ways for the research and rehabilitation of neurotrauma and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.,Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhongqian Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shijie Mao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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26
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Edgerton-Fulton M, Ergul A. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment/dementia in diabetes: role of endothelial cells and pericytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1177-C1189. [PMID: 36036445 PMCID: PMC9576164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00072.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment/dementia (VCID) are a leading cause of dementia, a known neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Although diabetes increases the risks of stroke and the development of cerebrovascular disease, the cellular and vascular mechanisms that lead to VCID in diabetes are yet to be determined. A growing body of research has identified that cerebrovascular cells within the neurovascular complex display an array of cellular responses that impact their survival and reparative properties, which plays a significant role in VCID development. Specifically, endothelial cells and pericytes are the primary cell types that have gained much attention in dementia-related studies due to their molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity. In this review, we will discuss the various morphological subclasses of endothelial cells and pericytes as well as their relative distribution throughout the cerebrovasculature. Furthermore, the use of diabetic and stroke animal models in preclinical studies has provided more insight into the impact of sex differences on cerebral vascularization in progressive VCID. Understanding how cellular responses and sex differences contribute to endothelial cell and pericyte survival and function will set the stage for the development of potential preventive therapies for dementia-related disorders in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Edgerton-Fulton
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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27
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Selhorst S, Nakisli S, Kandalai S, Adhicary S, Nielsen CM. Pathological pericyte expansion and impaired endothelial cell-pericyte communication in endothelial Rbpj deficient brain arteriovenous malformation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:974033. [PMID: 36147294 PMCID: PMC9485665 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.974033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes, like vascular smooth muscle cells, are perivascular cells closely associated with blood vessels throughout the body. Pericytes are necessary for vascular development and homeostasis, with particularly critical roles in the brain, where they are involved in regulating cerebral blood flow and establishing the blood-brain barrier. A role for pericytes during neurovascular disease pathogenesis is less clear—while some studies associate decreased pericyte coverage with select neurovascular diseases, others suggest increased pericyte infiltration in response to hypoxia or traumatic brain injury. Here, we used an endothelial loss-of-function Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (Rbpj)/Notch mediated mouse model of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) to investigate effects on pericytes during neurovascular disease pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that pericyte expansion, via morphological changes, and Platelet-derived growth factor B/Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgf-B/Pdgfrβ)-dependent endothelial cell-pericyte communication are affected, during the pathogenesis of Rbpj mediated brain AVM in mice. Our data show that pericyte coverage of vascular endothelium expanded pathologically, to maintain coverage of vascular abnormalities in brain and retina, following endothelial deletion of Rbpj. In Rbpj-mutant brain, pericyte expansion was likely attributed to cytoplasmic process extension and not to increased pericyte proliferation. Despite expanding overall area of vessel coverage, pericytes from Rbpj-mutant brains showed decreased expression of Pdgfrβ, Neural (N)-cadherin, and cluster of differentiation (CD)146, as compared to controls, which likely affected Pdgf-B/Pdgfrβ-dependent communication and appositional associations between endothelial cells and pericytes in Rbpj-mutant brain microvessels. By contrast, and perhaps by compensatory mechanism, endothelial cells showed increased expression of N-cadherin. Our data identify cellular and molecular effects on brain pericytes, following endothelial deletion of Rbpj, and suggest pericytes as potential therapeutic targets for Rbpj/Notch related brain AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Selhorst
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Shruthi Kandalai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Subhodip Adhicary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Corinne M. Nielsen,
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28
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Ryu JR, Ahuja S, Arnold CR, Potts KG, Mishra A, Yang Q, Sargurupremraj M, Mahoney DJ, Seshadri S, Debette S, Childs SJ. Stroke-associated intergenic variants modulate a human FOXF2 transcriptional enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121333119. [PMID: 35994645 PMCID: PMC9436329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121333119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SNPs associated with human stroke risk have been identified in the intergenic region between Forkhead family transcription factors FOXF2 and FOXQ1, but we lack a mechanism for the association. FoxF2 is expressed in vascular mural pericytes and is important for maintaining pericyte number and stabilizing small vessels in zebrafish. The stroke-associated SNPs are located in a previously unknown transcriptional enhancer for FOXF2, functional in human cells and zebrafish. We identify critical enhancer regions for FOXF2 gene expression, including binding sites occupied by transcription factors ETS1, RBPJ, and CTCF. rs74564934, a stroke-associated SNP adjacent to the ETS1 binding site, decreases enhancer function, as does mutation of RPBJ sites. rs74564934 is significantly associated with the increased risk of any stroke, ischemic stroke, small vessel stroke, and elevated white matter hyperintensity burden in humans. Foxf2 has a conserved function cross-species and is expressed in vascular mural pericytes of the vessel wall. Thus, stroke-associated SNPs modulate enhancer activity and expression of a regulator of vascular stabilization, FOXF2, thereby modulating stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ryeon Ryu
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Suchit Ahuja
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Corey R. Arnold
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kyle G. Potts
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Boston University and the NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Douglas J. Mahoney
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Boston University and the NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah J. Childs
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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The Cell Autonomous and Non-Cell Autonomous Aspects of Neuronal Vulnerability and Resilience in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081191. [PMID: 36009818 PMCID: PMC9405388 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by a progressive paralysis due to the loss of particular neurons in our nervous system called motor neurons, that exert voluntary control of all our skeletal muscles. It is not entirely understood why motor neurons are particularly vulnerable in ALS, neither is it completely clear why certain groups of motor neurons, including those that regulate eye movement, are rather resilient to this disease. However, both vulnerability and resilience to ALS likely reflect cell intrinsic properties of different motor neuron subpopulations as well as non-cell autonomous events regulated by surrounding cell types. In this review we dissect the particular properties of different motor neuron types and their responses to disease that may underlie their respective vulnerabilities and resilience. Disease progression in ALS involves multiple cell types that are closely connected to motor neurons and we here also discuss their contributions to the differential vulnerability of motor neurons. Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined by the loss of upper motor neurons (MNs) that project from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem and spinal cord and of lower MNs in the brain stem and spinal cord which innervate skeletal muscles, leading to spasticity, muscle atrophy, and paralysis. ALS involves several disease stages, and multiple cell types show dysfunction and play important roles during distinct phases of disease initiation and progression, subsequently leading to selective MN loss. Why MNs are particularly vulnerable in this lethal disease is still not entirely clear. Neither is it fully understood why certain MNs are more resilient to degeneration in ALS than others. Brain stem MNs of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, which innervate our eye muscles, are highly resistant and persist until the end-stage of the disease, enabling paralyzed patients to communicate through ocular tracking devices. MNs of the Onuf’s nucleus in the sacral spinal cord, that innervate sphincter muscles and control urogenital functions, are also spared throughout the disease. There is also a differential vulnerability among MNs that are intermingled throughout the spinal cord, that directly relate to their physiological properties. Here, fast-twitch fatigable (FF) MNs, which innervate type IIb muscle fibers, are affected early, before onset of clinical symptoms, while slow-twitch (S) MNs, that innervate type I muscle fibers, remain longer throughout the disease progression. The resilience of particular MN subpopulations has been attributed to intrinsic determinants and multiple studies have demonstrated their unique gene regulation and protein content in health and in response to disease. Identified factors within resilient MNs have been utilized to protect more vulnerable cells. Selective vulnerability may also, in part, be driven by non-cell autonomous processes and the unique surroundings and constantly changing environment close to particular MN groups. In this article, we review in detail the cell intrinsic properties of resilient and vulnerable MN groups, as well as multiple additional cell types involved in disease initiation and progression and explain how these may contribute to the selective MN resilience and vulnerability in ALS.
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30
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Neurovascular dysfunction in GRN-associated frontotemporal dementia identified by single-nucleus RNA sequencing of human cerebral cortex. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1034-1048. [PMID: 35879464 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most prevalent form of early-onset dementia, affecting predominantly frontal and temporal cerebral lobes. Heterozygous mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) cause autosomal-dominant FTD (FTD-GRN), associated with TDP-43 inclusions, neuronal loss, axonal degeneration and gliosis, but FTD-GRN pathogenesis is largely unresolved. Here we report single-nucleus RNA sequencing of microglia, astrocytes and the neurovasculature from frontal, temporal and occipital cortical tissue from control and FTD-GRN brains. We show that fibroblast and mesenchymal cell numbers were enriched in FTD-GRN, and we identified disease-associated subtypes of astrocytes and endothelial cells. Expression of gene modules associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction was significantly enriched in FTD-GRN endothelial cells. The vasculature supportive function and capillary coverage by pericytes was reduced in FTD-GRN tissue, with increased and hypertrophic vascularization and an enrichment of perivascular T cells. Our results indicate a perturbed BBB and suggest that the neurovascular unit is severely affected in FTD-GRN.
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31
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Jiang R, Smailovic U, Haytural H, Tijms BM, Li H, Haret RM, Shevchenko G, Chen G, Abelein A, Gobom J, Frykman S, Sekiguchi M, Fujioka R, Watamura N, Sasaguri H, Nyström S, Hammarström P, Saido TC, Jelic V, Syvänen S, Zetterberg H, Winblad B, Bergquist J, Visser PJ, Nilsson P. Increased CSF-decorin predicts brain pathological changes driven by Alzheimer's Aβ amyloidosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:96. [PMID: 35787306 PMCID: PMC9254429 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers play an important role in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) amyloidosis. Here, we used two App knock-in mouse models, AppNL-F/NL-F and AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F, exhibiting AD-like Aβ pathology to analyze how the brain pathologies translate to CSF proteomes by label-free mass spectrometry (MS). This identified several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as significantly altered in App knock-in mice. Next, we compared mouse CSF proteomes with previously reported human CSF MS results acquired from patients across the AD spectrum. Intriguingly, the ECM protein decorin was similarly and significantly increased in both AppNL-F/NL-F and AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, strikingly already at three months of age in the AppNL-F/NL-F mice and preclinical AD subjects having abnormal CSF-Aβ42 but normal cognition. Notably, in this group of subjects, CSF-decorin levels positively correlated with CSF-Aβ42 levels indicating that the change in CSF-decorin is associated with early Aβ amyloidosis. Importantly, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that CSF-decorin can predict a specific AD subtype having innate immune activation and potential choroid plexus dysfunction in the brain. Consistently, in AppNL-F/NL-F mice, increased CSF-decorin correlated with both Aβ plaque load and with decorin levels in choroid plexus. In addition, a low concentration of human Aβ42 induces decorin secretion from mouse primary neurons. Interestingly, we finally identify decorin to activate neuronal autophagy through enhancing lysosomal function. Altogether, the increased CSF-decorin levels occurring at an early stage of Aβ amyloidosis in the brain may reflect pathological changes in choroid plexus, present in a subtype of AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richeng Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Una Smailovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hazal Haytural
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Chinese Medicine University, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Robert Mihai Haret
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Susanne Frykman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Misaki Sekiguchi
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujioka
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoto Watamura
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sofie Nyström
- IFM-Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- IFM-Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Molecular Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ben-Zvi A, Liebner S. Developmental regulation of barrier- and non-barrier blood vessels in the CNS. J Intern Med 2022; 292:31-46. [PMID: 33665890 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for creating and maintaining tissue homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), which is key for proper neuronal function. In most vertebrates, the BBB is localized to microvascular endothelial cells that acquire barrier properties during angiogenesis of the neuroectoderm. Complex and continuous tight junctions, and the lack of fenestrae combined with low pinocytotic activity render the BBB endothelium a tight barrier for water-soluble molecules that may only enter the CNS via specific transporters. The differentiation of these unique endothelial properties during embryonic development is initiated by endothelial-specific flavours of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a precise spatiotemporal manner. In this review, we summarize the currently known cellular (neural precursor and endothelial cells) and molecular (VEGF and Wnt/β-catenin) mechanisms mediating brain angiogenesis and barrier formation. Moreover, we introduce more recently discovered crosstalk with cellular and acellular elements within the developing CNS such as the extracellular matrix. We discuss recent insights into the downstream molecular mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin in particular, the recently identified target genes like Foxf2, Foxl2, Foxq1, Lef1, Ppard, Zfp551, Zic3, Sox17, Apcdd1 and Fgfbp1 that are involved in refining and maintaining barrier characteristics in the mature BBB endothelium. Additionally, we elute to recent insight into barrier heterogeneity and differential endothelial barrier properties within the CNS, focussing on the circumventricular organs as well as on the neurogenic niches in the subventricular zone and the hippocampus. Finally, open questions and future BBB research directions are highlighted in the context of taking benefit from understanding BBB development for strategies to modulate BBB function under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ben-Zvi
- From the, The Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems (ECCPS), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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33
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Matsuoka RL, Buck LD, Vajrala KP, Quick RE, Card OA. Historical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:372. [PMID: 35726097 PMCID: PMC9209386 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic brain activity requires timely communications between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood. Brain-blood communication is facilitated by intricate networks of brain vasculature, which display striking heterogeneity in structure and function. This vascular cell heterogeneity in the brain is fundamental to mediating diverse brain functions and has long been recognized. However, the molecular basis of this biological phenomenon has only recently begun to be elucidated. Over the past century, various animal species and in vitro systems have contributed to the accumulation of our fundamental and phylogenetic knowledge about brain vasculature, collectively advancing this research field. Historically, dye tracer and microscopic observations have provided valuable insights into the anatomical and functional properties of vasculature across the brain, and these techniques remain an important approach. Additionally, recent advances in molecular genetics and omics technologies have revealed significant molecular heterogeneity within brain endothelial and perivascular cell types. The combination of these conventional and modern approaches has enabled us to identify phenotypic differences between healthy and abnormal conditions at the single-cell level. Accordingly, our understanding of brain vascular cell states during physiological, pathological, and aging processes has rapidly expanded. In this review, we summarize major historical advances and current knowledge on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain, and discuss important unsolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Luke D Buck
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Keerti P Vajrala
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Rachael E Quick
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Olivia A Card
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Reciprocal Interactions between Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and the Neurovascular Unit in Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121954. [PMID: 35741083 PMCID: PMC9221698 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are mostly known for their capability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons. However, they have been observed to frequently interact with cells of the neurovascular unit during development, homeostasis, and under pathological conditions. The functional consequences of these interactions are largely unclear, but are increasingly studied. Although OPCs appear to be a rather homogenous cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), they present with an enormous potential to adapt to their microenvironment. In this review, it is summarized what is known about the various roles of OPC-vascular interactions, and the circumstances under which they have been observed.
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35
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Baek SH, Maiorino E, Kim H, Glass K, Raby BA, Yuan K. Single Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Organ Specific Pericyte Markers and Identities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:876591. [PMID: 35722109 PMCID: PMC9199463 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.876591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mesenchymal-derived mural cells that wrap around capillaries and directly contact endothelial cells. Present throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system, pericytes are proposed to have multipotent cell-like properties and are involved in numerous biological processes, including regulation of vascular development, maturation, permeability, and homeostasis. Despite their physiological importance, the functional heterogeneity, differentiation process, and pathological roles of pericytes are not yet clearly understood, in part due to the inability to reliably distinguish them from other mural cell populations. Our study focused on identifying pericyte-specific markers by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data from tissue-specific mouse pericyte populations generated by the Tabula Muris Senis. We identified the mural cell cluster in murine lung, heart, kidney, and bladder that expressed either of two known pericyte markers, Cspg4 or Pdgfrb. We further defined pericytes as those cells that co-expressed both markers within this cluster. Single-cell differential expression gene analysis compared this subset with other clusters that identified potential pericyte marker candidates, including Kcnk3 (in the lung); Rgs4 (in the heart); Myh11 and Kcna5 (in the kidney); Pcp4l1 (in the bladder); and Higd1b (in lung and heart). In addition, we identified novel markers of tissue-specific pericytes and signaling pathways that may be involved in maintaining their identity. Moreover, the identified markers were further validated in Human Lung Cell Atlas and human heart single-cell RNAseq databases. Intriguingly, we found that markers of heart and lung pericytes in mice were conserved in human heart and lung pericytes. In this study, we, for the first time, identified specific pericyte markers among lung, heart, kidney, and bladder and reveal differentially expressed genes and functional relationships between mural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Han Baek
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Enrico Maiorino
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hyunbum Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Raby
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Benjamin A. Raby
| | - Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ke Yuan
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36
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Jiang R, Shimozawa M, Mayer J, Tambaro S, Kumar R, Abelein A, Winblad B, Bogdanovic N, Nilsson P. Autophagy Impairment in App Knock-in Alzheimer's Model Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:878303. [PMID: 35663567 PMCID: PMC9160569 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.878303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by impaired protein homeostasis leading to amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) amyloidosis. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-in mice exhibit robust Aβ pathology, providing possibilities to determine its effect on protein homeostasis including autophagy. Here we compared human AD postmortem brain tissue with brains from two different types of App knock-in mice, App NL-F and App NL-G-F mice, exhibiting AD-like pathology. In AD postmortem brains, p62 levels are increased and p62-positive staining is detected in neurons, including potential axonal beadings, as well as in the vasculature and in corpora amylacea. Interestingly, p62 is also increased in the neurons in 12-month-old App NL-G-F mice. In brain homogenates from 12-month-old App NL-G-F mice, both p62 and light chain 3 (LC3)-II levels are increased as compared to wildtype (WT) mice, indicating inhibited autophagy. Double immunostaining for LC3 and Aβ revealed LC3-positive puncta in hippocampus of 24-month-old App NL-F mice around the Aβ plaques which was subsequently identified by electron microscopy imaging as an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in dystrophic neurites around the Aβ plaques. Taken together, autophagy is impaired in App knock-in mice upon increased Aβ pathology, indicating that App knock-in mouse models provide a platform for understanding the correlation between Aβ and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richeng Jiang
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johanna Mayer
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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The Association between Serum Anion Gap and All-Cause Mortality in Cerebral Infarction Patients after Treatment with rtPA: A Retrospective Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1931818. [PMID: 35601742 PMCID: PMC9119778 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1931818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background No epidemiological study has determined the association between the anion gap (AG) and all-cause mortality in cerebral infarction patients after treatment with rtPA. This study is aimed at using AG levels as a prognostic factor for evaluating cerebral infarction patients after receiving rtPA treatment and to help the resident physicians accurately evaluate the therapeutic plan of rtPA. Methods We extracted clinical data from the public database (MIMIC-IV database V1.0) and used the Kaplan-Meier curve to estimate the survival probabilities of cerebral infarction patients after rtPA treatment for the one-year, four-year, and whole period by log-rank test in 948 intensive care unit patients. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between AG and one-year, four-year, and whole period mortality in cerebral infarction patients after treatment with rtPA. Results Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated a higher AG value is significantly associated with an increased risk of one-year, four-year, and whole-period all-cause mortality in cerebral infarction patients after treatment with rtPA. Model I adjusted for ethnicity, age, gender, and skin tone. Model II adjusted for ethnicity, age, gender, skin tone, hypertension, diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular, hyperlipidemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), respiratory failure, and end-stage renal diseaseesrd (ESRD). On the basis of model II, model III adjusted for WBC, BUN, creatinine, platelet, MCH, MCHC, MCV, RBC, and RDW. In addition, there was better predictive ability between higher AG levels and mortality in certain subgroups, such as patients with platelet ≤ 247, RBC > 3.11. Conclusion Serum AG is positively related to all-cause mortality in cerebral infarction patients after treatment with rtPA.
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Ando K, Tong L, Peng D, Vázquez-Liébanas E, Chiyoda H, He L, Liu J, Kawakami K, Mochizuki N, Fukuhara S, Grutzendler J, Betsholtz C. KCNJ8/ABCC9-containing K-ATP channel modulates brain vascular smooth muscle development and neurovascular coupling. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1383-1399.e7. [PMID: 35588738 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Loss- or gain-of-function mutations in ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K-ATP)-encoding genes, KCNJ8 and ABCC9, cause human central nervous system disorders with unknown pathogenesis. Here, using mice, zebrafish, and cell culture models, we investigated cellular and molecular causes of brain dysfunctions derived from altered K-ATP channel function. We show that genetic/chemical inhibition or activation of KCNJ8/ABCC9-containing K-ATP channel function leads to brain-selective suppression or promotion of arterial/arteriolar vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation, respectively. We further show that brain VSMCs develop from KCNJ8/ABCC9-containing K-ATP channel-expressing mural cell progenitor and that K-ATP channel cell autonomously regulates VSMC differentiation through modulation of intracellular Ca2+ oscillation via voltage-dependent calcium channels. Consistent with defective VSMC development, Kcnj8 knockout mice showed deficiency in vasoconstrictive capacity and neuronal-evoked vasodilation leading to local hyperemia. Our results demonstrate a role for KCNJ8/ABCC9-containing K-ATP channels in the differentiation of brain VSMC, which in turn is necessary for fine-tuning of cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ando
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Di Peng
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisa Vázquez-Liébanas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hirohisa Chiyoda
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institute, Campus Flemingsburg, Neo, Blickagången 16, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institute, Campus Flemingsburg, Neo, Blickagången 16, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Phoenix A, Chandran R, Ergul A. Cerebral Microvascular Senescence and Inflammation in Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:864758. [PMID: 35574460 PMCID: PMC9098835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.864758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced premature senescence can contribute to the accelerated metabolic aging process in diabetes. Progressive accumulation of senescent cells in the brain, especially those displaying the harmful inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), may lead to cognitive impairment linked with metabolic disturbances. In this context, the senescence within the neurovascular unit (NVU) should be studied as much as in the neurons as emerging evidence shows that neurogliovascular communication is critical for brain health. It is also known that cerebrovascular dysfunction and decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) precede the occurrence of neuronal pathologies and overt cognitive impairment. Various studies have shown that endothelial cells, the major component of the NVU, acquire a senescent phenotype via various molecular mediators and pathways upon exposure to high glucose and other conditions mimicking metabolic disturbances. In addition, senescence in the other cells that are part of the NVU, like pericytes and vascular smooth cells, was also triggered upon exposure to diabetic conditions. The senescence within the NVU may compromise functional and trophic coupling among glial, vascular, and neuronal cells and the resulting SASP may contribute to the chronic neurovascular inflammation observed in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). The link between diabetes-mediated cerebral microvascular dysfunction, NVU senescence, inflammation, and cognitive impairment must be widely studied to design therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Phoenix
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Raghavendar Chandran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Adviye Ergul,
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Muhl L, He L, Sun Y, Andaloussi Mäe M, Pietilä R, Liu J, Genové G, Zhang L, Xie Y, Leptidis S, Mocci G, Stritt S, Osman A, Anisimov A, Hemanthakumar KA, Räsänen M, Hansson EM, Björkegren J, Vanlandewijck M, Blomgren K, Mäkinen T, Peng XR, Hu Y, Ernfors P, Arnold TD, Alitalo K, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is expressed in mouse pericytes but not endothelial cells: Implications for COVID-19 vascular research. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1089-1104. [PMID: 35452595 PMCID: PMC9022216 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mouse models and mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus are increasingly used to study COVID-19 pathogenesis, so it is important to learn where the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is expressed. Here we mapped ACE2 expression during mouse postnatal development and in adulthood. Pericytes in the CNS, heart, and pancreas express ACE2 strongly, as do perineurial and adrenal fibroblasts, whereas endothelial cells do not at any location analyzed. In a number of other organs, pericytes do not express ACE2, including in the lung where ACE2 instead is expressed in bronchial epithelium and alveolar type II cells. The onset of ACE2 expression is organ specific: in bronchial epithelium already at birth, in brain pericytes before, and in heart pericytes after postnatal day 10.5. Establishing the vascular localization of ACE2 expression is central to correctly interpret data from modeling COVID-19 in the mouse and may shed light on the cause of vascular COVID-19 complications. Detailed Ace2/ACE2 expression patterns are reported for multiple mouse organs Vascular Ace2/ACE2 expression occurs in pericytes but not endothelial cells Ace2/ACE2 expression is organotypic and developmentally regulated Ace2/ACE2 expression in pericytes may suggest their involvement in COVID-19
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Muhl
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro-injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Riikka Pietilä
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Guillem Genové
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an China
| | - Stefanos Leptidis
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Mocci
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Simon Stritt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emil M Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Björkegren
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca BioPharmaceutical R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Yoshikawa M, Aizawa S, Oppenheim RW, Milligan C. Neurovascular unit pathology is observed very early in disease progression in the mutant SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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“Focused Ultrasound-mediated Drug Delivery in Humans – a Path Towards Translation in Neurodegenerative Diseases”. Pharm Res 2022; 39:427-439. [PMID: 35257286 PMCID: PMC8986691 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a major protective function in preventing the entry of harmful molecules into the brain, but is simultaneously limiting the delivery of drugs, restricting their potential clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent preclinical evidence demonstrates that following application of focused ultrasound with microbubbles (FUS+MB), the BBB becomes reversibly accessible to compounds that normally are brain-impermeable, suggesting FUS+MB as a promising new platform for delivery of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system. As a step towards translation, small cohort clinical studies were performed demonstrating safe BBB opening in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients following FUS+MB, however improved drug delivery has not yet been achieved in human. Simultaneously, rapid progress in the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) modeling technology allowed for development of novel Alzheimer’s disease patient-derived BBB in vitro model that reacts to FUS+MB with BBB opening and can be used to answer fundamental questions of human BBB responses to FUS+MB in health and disease. This review summarizes key features of the BBB that contribute to limited drug delivery, recapitulates recent advances in the FUS+MB mediated human BBB opening in vivo and in vitro in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, and highlights potential strategies for fast-track translation of the FUS+MB to improve bioavailability of drugs to the human brain. With safe and effective application, this innovative FUS+MB technology may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases leading to improved clinical outcomes for patients.
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43
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Zarekiani P, Nogueira Pinto H, Hol EM, Bugiani M, de Vries HE. The neurovascular unit in leukodystrophies: towards solving the puzzle. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35227276 PMCID: PMC8887016 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a highly organized multicellular system localized in the brain, formed by neuronal, glial (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and vascular (endothelial cells and pericytes) cells. The blood-brain barrier, a complex and dynamic endothelial cell barrier in the brain microvasculature that separates the blood from the brain parenchyma, is a component of the NVU. In a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke, dysfunctions of the NVU occurs. There is, however, a lack of knowledge regarding the NVU function in leukodystrophies, which are rare monogenic disorders that primarily affect the white matter. Since leukodystrophies are rare diseases, human brain tissue availability is scarce and representative animal models that significantly recapitulate the disease are difficult to develop. The introduction of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) now makes it possible to surpass these limitations while maintaining the ability to work in a biologically relevant human context and safeguarding the genetic background of the patient. This review aims to provide further insights into the NVU functioning in leukodystrophies, with a special focus on iPSC-derived models that can be used to dissect neurovascular pathophysiology in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parand Zarekiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrique Nogueira Pinto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Martin M, Vermeiren S, Bostaille N, Eubelen M, Spitzer D, Vermeersch M, Profaci CP, Pozuelo E, Toussay X, Raman-Nair J, Tebabi P, America M, De Groote A, Sanderson LE, Cabochette P, Germano RFV, Torres D, Boutry S, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Bellefroid EJ, Phoenix TN, Devraj K, Lacoste B, Daneman R, Liebner S, Vanhollebeke B. Engineered Wnt ligands enable blood-brain barrier repair in neurological disorders. Science 2022; 375:eabm4459. [PMID: 35175798 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from harmful blood-borne factors. Although BBB dysfunction is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, therapies to restore BBB function are lacking. An attractive strategy is to repurpose developmental BBB regulators, such as Wnt7a, into BBB-protective agents. However, safe therapeutic use of Wnt ligands is complicated by their pleiotropic Frizzled signaling activities. Taking advantage of the Wnt7a/b-specific Gpr124/Reck co-receptor complex, we genetically engineered Wnt7a ligands into BBB-specific Wnt activators. In a "hit-and-run" adeno-associated virus-assisted CNS gene delivery setting, these new Gpr124/Reck-specific agonists protected BBB function, thereby mitigating glioblastoma expansion and ischemic stroke infarction. This work reveals that the signaling specificity of Wnt ligands is adjustable and defines a modality to treat CNS disorders by normalizing the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Martin
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Simon Vermeiren
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Naguissa Bostaille
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Marie Eubelen
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Daniel Spitzer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Université de Mons, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Caterina P Profaci
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Pozuelo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Xavier Toussay
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Raman-Nair
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Tebabi
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Michelle America
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Aurélie De Groote
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Leslie E Sanderson
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Pauline Cabochette
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Raoul F V Germano
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - David Torres
- Institut d'Immunologie Médicale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Université de Mons, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium
| | - Timothy N Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Daneman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies B-6041, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
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45
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Hartmann DA, Coelho-Santos V, Shih AY. Pericyte Control of Blood Flow Across Microvascular Zones in the Central Nervous System. Annu Rev Physiol 2022; 84:331-354. [PMID: 34672718 PMCID: PMC10480047 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of the brain's vascular length is composed of capillaries, where our understanding of blood flow control remains incomplete. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the control of blood flow across microvascular zones by addressing issues with nomenclature and drawing on new developments from in vivo optical imaging and single-cell transcriptomics. Recent studies have highlighted important distinctions in mural cell morphology, gene expression, and contractile dynamics, which can explain observed differences in response to vasoactive mediators between arteriole, transitional, and capillary zones. Smooth muscle cells of arterioles and ensheathing pericytes of the arteriole-capillary transitional zone control large-scale, rapid changes in blood flow. In contrast, capillary pericytes downstream of the transitional zone act on slower and smaller scales and are involved in establishing resting capillary tone and flow heterogeneity. Many unresolved issues remain, including the vasoactive mediators that activate the different pericyte types in vivo, the role of pericyte-endothelial communication in conducting signals from capillaries to arterioles, and how neurological disease affects these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hartmann
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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46
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Knipper M, Singer W, Schwabe K, Hagberg GE, Li Hegner Y, Rüttiger L, Braun C, Land R. Disturbed Balance of Inhibitory Signaling Links Hearing Loss and Cognition. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:785603. [PMID: 35069123 PMCID: PMC8770933 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.785603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability in the central auditory pathway linked to reduced inhibitory activity is associated with numerous forms of hearing loss, including noise damage, age-dependent hearing loss, and deafness, as well as tinnitus or auditory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In most cases, the reduced central inhibitory activity and the accompanying hyperexcitability are interpreted as an active compensatory response to the absence of synaptic activity, linked to increased central neural gain control (increased output activity relative to reduced input). We here suggest that hyperexcitability also could be related to an immaturity or impairment of tonic inhibitory strength that typically develops in an activity-dependent process in the ascending auditory pathway with auditory experience. In these cases, high-SR auditory nerve fibers, which are critical for the shortest latencies and lowest sound thresholds, may have either not matured (possibly in congenital deafness or autism) or are dysfunctional (possibly after sudden, stressful auditory trauma or age-dependent hearing loss linked with cognitive decline). Fast auditory processing deficits can occur despite maintained basal hearing. In that case, tonic inhibitory strength is reduced in ascending auditory nuclei, and fast inhibitory parvalbumin positive interneuron (PV-IN) dendrites are diminished in auditory and frontal brain regions. This leads to deficits in central neural gain control linked to hippocampal LTP/LTD deficiencies, cognitive deficits, and unbalanced extra-hypothalamic stress control. Under these conditions, a diminished inhibitory strength may weaken local neuronal coupling to homeostatic vascular responses required for the metabolic support of auditory adjustment processes. We emphasize the need to distinguish these two states of excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in hearing disorders: (i) Under conditions of preserved fast auditory processing and sustained tonic inhibitory strength, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance following auditory deprivation can maintain precise hearing through a memory linked, transient disinhibition that leads to enhanced spiking fidelity (central neural gain⇑) (ii) Under conditions of critically diminished fast auditory processing and reduced tonic inhibitory strength, hyperexcitability can be part of an increased synchronization over a broader frequency range, linked to reduced spiking reliability (central neural gain⇓). This latter stage mutually reinforces diminished metabolic support for auditory adjustment processes, increasing the risks for canonical dementia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marlies Knipper,
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gisela E. Hagberg
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen (UKT), Tübingen, Germany
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Li Hegner
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Land
- Department of Experimental Otology, Institute for Audioneurotechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Scapoli C, Ziliotto N, Lunghi B, Menegatti E, Salvi F, Zamboni P, Baroni M, Mascoli F, Bernardi F, Marchetti G. Combination of Genomic and Transcriptomic Approaches Highlights Vascular and Circadian Clock Components in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010310. [PMID: 35008743 PMCID: PMC8745220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at exploring vascular components in multiple sclerosis (MS) with brain outflow disturbance, we combined transcriptome analysis in MS internal jugular vein (IJV) wall with WES in MS families with vertical transmission of disease. Main results were the differential expression in IJV wall of 16 MS-GWAS genes and of seven genes (GRIN2A, GRIN2B, IL20RB, IL26, PER3, PITX2, and PPARGC1A) not previously indicated by GWAS but encoding for proteins functionally interacting with MS candidate gene products. Strikingly, 22/23 genes have been previously associated with vascular or neuronal traits/diseases, nine encoded for transcriptional factors/regulators and six (CAMK2G, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, N1RD1, PER3, PPARGC1A) for circadian entrainment/rhythm components. Among the WES low-frequency (MAF ≤ 0.04) SNPs (n = 7) filtered in the 16 genes, the NR1D1 rs17616365 showed significantly different MAF in the Network for Italian Genomes affected cohort than in the 1000 Genome Project Tuscany samples. This pattern was also detected in five nonintronic variants (GRIN2B rs1805482, PER3 rs2640909, PPARGC1A rs2970847, rs8192678, and rs3755863) in genes coding for functional partners. Overall, the study proposes specific markers and low-frequency variants that might help (i) to understand perturbed biological processes in vascular tissues contributing to MS disease, and (ii) to characterize MS susceptibility genes for functional association with disease-pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.); (B.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicole Ziliotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Lunghi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.); (B.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Erica Menegatti
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Fabrizio Salvi
- Center for Immunological and Rare Neurological Diseases, IRCCS of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Marcello Baroni
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.); (B.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesco Mascoli
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, S. Anna University-Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.); (B.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-974425
| | - Giovanna Marchetti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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Ly6c as a New Marker of Mouse Blood Vessels: Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses on Intact and Ischemic Retinas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010019. [PMID: 35008441 PMCID: PMC8744623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly6c is an antigen commonly used to differentiate between classical and non-classical monocytes/macrophages. Here we show its potential as a marker of the mouse vasculature, particularly of the retinal vascular plexuses. Ly6c was immunodetected in several tissues of C57BL/6 mice using isolectin IB4 as the control of vasculature staining. In the retina, Ly6c expression was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in intact, ischemic, and contralateral retinas from 0 to 30 days after the insult. Ly6c expression was observed in all organs and tissues tested, with a brighter signal and more homogeneous staining than the IB4. In the retinas, Ly6c was well expressed, allowing a detailed study of their anatomy. The three retinal plexuses were morphologically different, and from the superficial to the deep one occupied 15 ± 2, 24 ± 7, and 38 ± 1.4 percent of the retinal surface, respectively. In the injured retinas, there was extravasation of the classically activated monocyte/macrophages (Ly6chigh) and the formation of new vessels in the superficial plexus, increasing the area occupied by it to 25 ± 1%. In the contralateral retinas, the superficial plexus area decreased gradually, reaching significance at 30 days, and Ly6c expression progressively disappeared in the intermediate and deep plexuses. Although the role of Ly6c in vascular endothelial cell function is still not completely understood, we demonstrate here that Ly6c can be used as a new specific marker of the mouse vasculature and to assess, qualitatively and quantitatively, vascular changes in health and disease.
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Fast Independent Component Analysis Algorithm-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Changes in Brain Functional Areas of Cerebral Infarction. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 2021:5177037. [PMID: 34912182 PMCID: PMC8645397 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5177037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the application value of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) optimized by the fast independent component correlation algorithm (ICA algorithm) in the diagnosis of brain functional areas in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). An optimized fast ICA algorithm was established based on the ICA algorithm. 50 patients with cerebral infarction were selected as the research objects, and 30 healthy people were selected as the control group. The 50 patients from the observation group were examined by fMRI based on Fast ICA algorithm, while the control group was tested by fMRI based on the routine ICA algorithm. The performances of the two algorithms, the analysis results of the two groups of brain functional areas, cerebral blood flow (CBF), resting state functional connectivity (rsFC), behavioral data, and image data correlation of patients were compared. The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Fast ICA algorithm were 97.83%, 89.52%, and 96.27%, respectively, which in the experimental group were greatly better than the control group (88.73%, 72.19%, and 89.72%), showing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The maximum Dice coefficient of FAST ICA algorithm was 0.967, and FAST ICA algorithm was better obviously than the traditional ICA algorithm (P < 0.05). The cerebral blood flow of the healthy superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and healthy superior marginal gyrus (SMG) of the observation group with good motor function recovery were 1.02 ± 0.22 and 1.53 ± 0.61, respectively; both indicators showed an increasing trend, and those in the experimental group were much higher in contrast to the control group, showing statistically obvious differences (P < 0.05). Besides, the detection results of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the healthy SFG and healthy SMG were negatively correlated with the results of connection test B. In summary, the fMRI based on the Fast ICA algorithm showed a good diagnostic effect in the changes of brain functional areas in patients with cerebral infarction. The experimental results showed that the cerebral blood flow in the brain area was related to motor or cognitive function. The results of this study provided a reliable reference for the examination and diagnosis of brain functional areas in patients with cerebral infarction.
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Kong Y, Kong Y, Dai Y, Zhang J. Prognostic value of color Doppler ultrasound, D-dimer, and Lp-PLA2 levels in carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13508-13515. [PMID: 35035692 PMCID: PMC8748169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research mainly explored the prognostic value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with D-dimer and Lp-PLA2 levels in carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. METHODS From January 2018 to August 2020, 67 patients (patient group) who were diagnosed as cerebral infarction by neurology and carotid atherosclerotic stenosis by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were recruited in this research. Fifty healthy people served as controls and were brought into this research. PI (pulsatility index), RI (resistance index), Vd (end diastolic velocity), and Vs (peak systolic velocity) were obtained by color Doppler ultrasound vascular wall imaging. The levels of D-dimer and Lp-PLA2 in serum were examined. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was employed to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of color Doppler ultrasound imaging parameters, serum D-dimer, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels on the prognosis of patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. RESULTS The levels of PI, RI, serum D-dimer, and Lp-PLA2 in the patient group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Levels of Vd and Vs were lower. PI, RI, serum D-dimer, and Lp-PLA2 levels were positively correlated with mRS scores (P < 0.05). Vd and Vs were negatively correlated (P < 0.05). The measurement of VD and Lp-PLA2 levels was more effective in predicting the prognosis of patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. CONCLUSION Vd parameters and Lp-PLA2 levels have high clinical values in carotid atherosclerotic stenosis, and are worthy of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- The Second Department of Neurology, Shangqiu First People’s HospitalShangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Ultrasonography Department, Shangqiu First People’s HospitalShangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunyi Dai
- The Second Department of Neurology, Shangqiu First People’s HospitalShangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- The Second Department of Neurology, Shangqiu First People’s HospitalShangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
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