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Rosendal C, Arlien-Søborg MC, Nielsen EH, Andersen MS, Feltoft CL, Kistorp C, Dekkers OM, Jørgensen JOL, Dal J. The changing landscape of acromegaly - an epidemiological perspective. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09875-z. [PMID: 38337125 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare disease and thus challenging to accurately quantify epidemiologically. In this comprehensive literature review, we compare different approaches to studying acromegaly from an epidemiological perspective and describe the temporal evolution of the disease pertaining to epidemiological variables, clinical presentation and mortality. We present updated epidemiological data from the population-based Danish cohort of patients with acromegaly (AcroDEN), along with meta-analyses of existing estimates from around the world.Based on this, we conclude that the incidence, prevalence and age at acromegaly diagnosis are all steadily increasing, but with considerable variation between studies. An increased number of incidental cases may contribute to the increase in incidence and age at diagnosis, respectively. The clinical features at presentation are trending toward a milder disease phenotype at diagnosis, and advances in therapeutic options have reduced the mortality of patients with acromegaly to a level similar to that of the general population. Moreover, the underlying cause of death has shifted from cardiovascular to malignant neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosendal
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | - Claus Larsen Feltoft
- Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- Department of Hormone and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Aarhus KEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Dal
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
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Kerbel J, Cano-Zaragoza A, Espinosa-Dorado R, García de la Torre KE, Mercado M. Real World Data on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acromegaly: A Registries-based Approach. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102856. [PMID: 37481822 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the inherent heterogeneity of the information derived from national registries, they are a useful tool to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and treatment outcome characteristics of low prevalence conditions such as acromegaly. Although the information provided by single-center experiences is more homogeneous, these studies usually comprise a limited number of patients and thus, frequently lack statistical power. AREAS COVERED Registry-based Information regarding the epidemiology, clinical presentation, biochemical and imaging diagnosis, as well as therapeutic outcome and mortality in acromegaly is critically analyzed. EXPERT OPINION By gathering data from multiple centers in a specific Country, these registries generate important insights into the real-life behavior of this condition, that should be considered, both, in international consensus meetings and in the design of local, Country-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Kerbel
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amayrani Cano-Zaragoza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Espinosa-Dorado
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Keren-Enid García de la Torre
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Mercado
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Tönjes A, Quinkler M, Knappe U, Störmann S, Schöfl C, Schopohl J, Meyhöfer SM. [Treatment of acromegaly - data from the German Acromegaly Register]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2023; 148:380-385. [PMID: 36940688 DOI: 10.1055/a-1847-2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare disease in which chronic growth hormone overproduction (usually from an anterior pituitary adenoma) leads to various systemic complications. The management of acromegaly and the comorbidities of the disease is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early diagnosis is extremely important, as then the chances of a complete cure are significantly higher. The operation is the therapy of first choice and should be performed at a specialized center with an experienced neurosurgeon. With good patient information and guidance, the drug therapy of acromegaly patients in specialized practices and clinics can usually lead to biochemical control and thereby normalization of mortality risk. As with numerous rare diseases, care in specialized centers and recording and evaluation in registry studies can contribute to better patient care and the optimization of therapy and diagnostic guidelines. We assume that with the help of the German Acromegaly Registry, which currently includes more than 2500 patients with acromegaly, we will be able to present a realistic picture of the care situation in Germany in the coming years.
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Grandgeorge N, Barchetti G, Grunenwald S, Bonneville F, Caron P. MRI follow-up of patients with acromegaly being treated with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands after surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:686-688. [PMID: 34160834 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naia Grandgeorge
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Solange Grunenwald
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Caron
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
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Mercado M, Abreu C, Vergara-López A, González-Virla B, Espinosa-de-Los-Monteros AL, Sosa-Eroza E, Cadena-Obando D, Cuevas-Ramos D, Portocarrero-Ortiz LA, Pérez-Reyes SP, Mercado-Cherem A, Ibarra-Salce R, Talavera JO. Surgical and Pharmacological Outcomes in Acromegaly: Real-Life Data From the Mexican Acromegaly Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5908275. [PMID: 32944780 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acromegaly registries constitute a valuable source of therapeutic outcome information in real-life. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to analyze surgical and pharmacological outcomes in the Mexican Acromegaly Registry (MAR). DESIGN AND METHODS Data were extracted from the MAR informatic platform. Surgical remission was defined by a postoperative postglucose (GH) of less than 1 ng/mL and an insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) of less than 1.2 × upper limit of normal (ULN). Pharmacological remission was defined by a basal GH of less than 1 ng/mL and an IGF-1 of less than 1.2 × ULN. RESULTS A total of 650 surgical outcomes were analyzed (94.6% transsphenoidal). Surgical remission was achieved in 40.15%, whereas 44.15% remained biochemically active. Persistently active disease after surgery was significantly associated with harboring an invasive macroadenoma, a basal GH of greater than 10 ng/mL, and/or an IGF-1 of greater than 2 × ULN at diagnosis on bivariate and multivariate analysis. The outcome of monotherapy with first-generation somatostatin analogs (SSAs) was evaluated in 267 patients (adjunctive in 65%), of whom 28.4% achieved remission. Persistently active disease was significantly associated with harboring an invasive macroadenoma as well as with pretreatment basal GH and IGF-1 levels of greater than 10 ng/mL and greater than 2 × ULN, respectively, on bivariate and multivariate analysis. Combined therapy with SSA and cabergoline was analyzed in 100 patients, of whom 19% achieved remission and 44% remained active; in this subset of patients, only a pretreatment IGF-1 of greater than 2 × ULN was significantly associated with persistent disease activity. CONCLUSION Surgical and pharmacological outcomes in acromegaly are highly dependent on tumor size/invasiveness as well as on the degree of hypersomatotropinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Mercado
- Endocrinology Service and Research Unit in Endocrine Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Coralys Abreu
- Endocrinology Service, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, ISSSTE, México City, Mexico
| | - Alma Vergara-López
- Endocrinology Service, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre, ISSSTE, México City, Mexico
| | - Baldomero González-Virla
- Endocrinology Service and Research Unit in Endocrine Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Ana-Laura Espinosa-de-Los-Monteros
- Endocrinology Service and Research Unit in Endocrine Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Sosa-Eroza
- Endocrinology Service and Research Unit in Endocrine Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Diego Cadena-Obando
- Endocrinology Service and Research Unit in Endocrine Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Neuroendocrinology Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Abraham Mercado-Cherem
- Endocrinology Service and Research Unit in Endocrine Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Ibarra-Salce
- Endocrinology Service and Research Unit in Endocrine Diseases, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Juan O Talavera
- División of Education and Research, American British Cowdray Medical Center, México City, Mexico
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Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare disease, associated with multiple organs and systems damage. Thanks to implementation of registries, systematic data gathering, knowledge sharing and standardizing medical practices for optimal care greatly improved. Data concerning 19 national acromegaly registries are available, involving more than 16,000 patients. The weighted mean age of diagnosis is 45.2 years and seems stable over time. A macroadenoma is found in 75% of the cases. The proportion of patients operated (>80%) did not change along time. By contrast, use of radiotherapy has decreased while use of medical therapy increased. If judged on IGF-I levels, acromegaly is controlled in 61.3% of the patients. The disease control rate has improved over time. This is likely due to the development of medical treatment strategies. The collection of data about comorbidities in national registries is much less comprehensive than those about epidemiology, disease control or treatment strategies. The most reported comorbidities are arterial hypertension and diabetes. Data concerning mortality trends are controversial. It seems that cancer has become a leading cause of death in acromegaly patients in the last decade, period in which life expectancy improved, while cardiovascular mortality decreased. In conclusion, acromegaly registries offer a global view of the disease with no "a priori" assumptions. This is of outmost importance, because of the large amount of data and the huge number of associated comorbidities. This will help to establish guidelines for management of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maione
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; UMR-S1185 Université Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; UMR-S1185 Université Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, F-94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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Tseng FY, Huang TS, Lin JD, Chen ST, Wang PW, Chen JF, Huey-Herng Sheu W, Chang TC. A registry of acromegaly patients and one year following up in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:1430-1437. [PMID: 30612883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to describe epidemiological data, treatment outcomes, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with acromegaly in Taiwan. METHODS From 2013 to 2015, subjects with acromegaly were recruited through five medical centers. After enrollment, each patient was kept on observation for 1 year. RESULTS The analyzed cohort included 272 acromegalic subjects (117 males, 155 females) with a mean age of 51.4 ± 12.9 years. Their mean age at diagnosis was 41.8 ± 12.1 years. About 83.8% patients presented symptoms of facial changes. Galactorrhea was noted at the earliest age of 32.7 ± 9.1 years. The duration between the onset of symptoms/signs and diagnosis was 6.9 ± 8.1 years. Around 70.3% patients harbored a macroadenoma. At enrollment, percentages of patients ever received surgical intervention, radiotherapy, somatostatin analogs, and dopamine agonists were 94.8%, 27.9%, 64%, and 30%, respectively. At the final following-up visit, the random growth hormone (GH), nadir GH after oral glucose tolerance test, and the insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were 2.7 ± 4.9 μg/L, 2.4 ± 6.1 μg/L, and 291.5 ± 162.4 ng/mL, respectively. The remission rate assessed by random GH level (≦2 μg/L) was 63.8%. The mean AcroQoL scores for the total 22 items were 64.0 ± 19.7. About 42.8% patients never sensed or felt discomfort about their changes in appearance. CONCLUSION This study described the profiles of acromegaly in Taiwan. It is important to enhance early diagnosis and timely commencement of treatment to prevent serious complications of acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Yu Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Tah Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linkuo Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Fu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Gatto F, Trifirò G, Lapi F, Cocchiara F, Campana C, Dell'Aquila C, Ferrajolo C, Arvigo M, Cricelli C, Giusti M, Ferone D. Epidemiology of acromegaly in Italy: analysis from a large longitudinal primary care database. Endocrine 2018; 61:533-541. [PMID: 29797214 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological data are pivotal for the estimation of disease burden in populations. AIM Of the study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of acromegaly in Italy along with the impact of comorbidities and hospitalization rates as compared to the general population. METHODS Retrospective epidemiological study (from 2000 to 2014) and case control-study. Data were extracted from the Health Search Database (HSD). HSD contains patient records from about 1000 general practitioners (GPs) throughout Italy, covering a population of more than 1 million patients. It includes information about patient demographics and medical data including clinical diagnoses and diagnostic tests. RESULTS At the end of the study period, 74 acromegaly patients (out of 1,066,871 people) were identified, resulting in a prevalence of 6.9 per 100,000 inhabitants [95% CI 5.4-8.5]. Prevalence was higher in females than men (p = 0.004), and showed a statistically significant trend of increase over time (p < 0.0001). Overall, incidence during the study period was 0.31 per 100,000 person-years. Hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus were the comorbidities more frequently associated with acromegaly (31.3 and 14.6%, respectively) and patients were more likely to undergo a high frequency of yearly hospitalization (≥3 accesses/year, p < 0.001) compared to sex-age matched controls. CONCLUSIONS This epidemiological study on acromegaly carried out using a large GP-based database, documented a disease prevalence of about 7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. As expected, acromegaly was associated with a number of comorbidities (mainly hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus) and a high rate of patients' hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gatto
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Lapi
- Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Cocchiara
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Campana
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Dell'Aquila
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carmen Ferrajolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, Campania Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marica Arvigo
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Cricelli
- Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Giusti
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Diego Ferone
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Portocarrero-Ortiz LA, Vergara-Lopez A, Vidrio-Velazquez M, Uribe-Diaz AM, García-Dominguez A, Reza-Albarrán AA, Cuevas-Ramos D, Melgar V, Talavera J, Rivera-Hernandez ADJ, Valencia-Méndez CV, Mercado M. The Mexican Acromegaly Registry: Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics at Diagnosis and Therapeutic Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3997-4004. [PMID: 27428551 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acromegaly is a systemic disorder caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. As with other rare diseases, acromegaly registries developed in various European countries have provided us with important information. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, biochemical, and therapeutic data from the Mexican Acromegaly Registry (MAR). SETTING The setting of the study was a nationwide patient registry. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY The MAR was created in 2009. It gathers data from 24 participating centers belonging to three different institutions using a specifically designed on-line platform. Only patients diagnosed after 1990 were included in the program. RESULTS A total of 2057 patients (51% female, mean age at diagnosis 41.1 ± 24.5 y) have been registered for an estimated prevalence of 18 cases per 1 million inhabitants. Hypertension, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were present in 27%, 18.4%, 30%, and 24% of the patients, respectively. The IGF-1 level at diagnosis and the concomitant presence of hypertension were significantly associated with the development of diabetes. Transsphenoidal surgery was the primary treatment in 72% of the patients. Pharmacological treatment, mostly with somatostatin analogs, was administered primarily and adjunctively in 26% and 54% of the patients, respectively. Treatment choice varied among the three participating institutions, with the predominance of pharmacological therapy in two of them and of radiation therapy in the third. Therapeutic outcomes were similar to those reported in the European registries. CONCLUSIONS The MAR is the largest and first non-European registry of the disease. Our findings highlight important within-country differences in treatment choice due to variations in the availability of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly A Portocarrero-Ortiz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Vergara-Lopez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maricela Vidrio-Velazquez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Uribe-Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Avril García-Dominguez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Adolfo Reza-Albarrán
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virgilio Melgar
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Talavera
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aleida de Jesus Rivera-Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carla Valentina Valencia-Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Mercado
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (L.A.P.-O., C.V.V.-M.), 14269 Mexico City, Mexico; Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (A.V.-L.), 03100 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital Regional 110, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.V.-V.), 44716 Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 189 (A.M.U.-D.), 91755 Veracruz, Ver, Mexico; Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Manuel Avila Camacho (A.G.-D.), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 7200 Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion (A.-A.R.-A., D.C.-R.), 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; ABC Neurological Center (V.M., J.T., M.M.), 05300 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital General Zaragoza (A.d.J.R.-H.), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, 09100 Mexico City, Mexico; and Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional S.XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (M.M.), 01120 Mexico City, Mexico
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Mooney MA, Simon ED, Little AS. Advancing Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas through Targeted Molecular Therapies: The Acromegaly and Cushing Disease Paradigms. Front Surg 2016; 3:45. [PMID: 27517036 PMCID: PMC4963385 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment of pituitary adenomas requires a balance of conservative management, surgical resection, and in select tumor types, molecular therapy. Acromegaly treatment is an evolving field where our understanding of molecular targets and drug therapies has improved treatment options for patients with excess growth hormone levels. We highlight the use of molecular therapies in this disease process and advances in this field, which may represent a paradigm shift for the future of pituitary adenoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mooney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | - Elias D Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix, AZ , USA
| | - Andrew S Little
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix, AZ , USA
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11
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Losa M, Bollerslev J. Pros and cons in endocrine practice: pre-surgical treatment with somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Endocrine 2016; 52:451-7. [PMID: 26785848 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this commentary is to balance the pros and cons for pre-surgical SSA treatment in a modern perspective ending up with a pragmatic recommendation for treatment based on the current evidence and expertise of the authors. Even though prospective and randomized studies in this particular area are hampered by obvious limitations, the interpretation of the four published trials has in general been in favor of pre-treatment with SSA, showing a better outcome following surgery. However, major drawbacks of these studies, such as non-optimal diagnostic criteria for cure, potential selection bias, and timing of the postoperative evaluation in SSA pre-treated patients, limit their overall interpretation. Three matched-controlled studies showed remarkably similar results with no apparent beneficial effect of SSA pre-treatment on surgical outcome. Both prospective, randomized studies and retrospective studies did not find any significant difference in the rate of endocrine and non-endocrine complications related to surgery, despite the beneficial clinical effects of SSA treatment in most acromegalic patients. The newly diagnosed patient with acromegaly should be carefully evaluated in the trans-disciplinary neuroendocrine team and treatment individualized accordingly. The issue of SSA pre-treatment to improve surgical outcome is yet to be settled and further methodologically sound studies are probably necessary to clarify this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Losa
- Pituitary Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Medical Clinic B, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Colao A, Auriemma RS, Pivonello R, Kasuki L, Gadelha MR. Interpreting biochemical control response rates with first-generation somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Pituitary 2016; 19:235-47. [PMID: 26519143 PMCID: PMC4858561 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-015-0684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The somatostatin analogues octreotide LAR and lanreotide Autogel have been evaluated for the treatment of acromegaly in numerous clinical trials, with considerable heterogeneity in reported biochemical response rates. This review examines and attempts to account for these differences in response rates reported in the literature. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed was searched for English-language studies of a minimum duration of 24 weeks that evaluated ≥10 patients with acromegaly treated with octreotide LAR or lanreotide Autogel from 1990 to March 2015 and reported GH and/or IGF-1 data as the primary objective of the study. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Of the 190 clinical trials found, 18 octreotide LAR and 15 lanreotide Autogel studies fulfilled the criteria for analysis. It is evident from the protocols of these studies that multiple factors are capable of impacting on reported response rates. Prospective studies reporting an intention-to-treat analysis that evaluated medically naïve patients and used the composite endpoint of both GH and IGF-1 control were associated with lower response rates. The use of non-composite biochemical control endpoints, heterogeneous patient populations, analyses that exclude treatment non-responders, assay variability and prior responsiveness to medical therapy are just a few of the factors identified that likely contribute to higher success rates. CONCLUSIONS The wide range of reported response rates with somatostatin analogues may be confusing and could lead to misinterpretation by both the patient and the physician in certain situations. Understanding the factors that potentially drive the variation in response rates should allow clinicians to better gauge treatment expectations in specific patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via S Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Renata S Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via S Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via S Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Endocrine Unit, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica R Gadelha
- Endocrine Unit, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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López Gavilanez E, Guerrero Franco K, Solórzano Zambrano N, Navarro Chávez M, López Estrella C, Vaca Burbano L, Marriott Díaz E. Epidemiology of acromegaly in Ecuador. ENDOCRINOLOGIA Y NUTRICION : ORGANO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA Y NUTRICION 2016; 63:333-8. [PMID: 27158065 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the epidemiology of acromegaly in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and to compare our results to those reported in the literature. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS An analysis was made of retrospective and prospective data from all patients with acromegaly attending endocrinology clinics at the 4 main hospitals of the public health network of Guayaquil from January 2000 to December 2014. Age at diagnosis, estimated delay in diagnosis, imaging studies of pituitary gland, basal growth hormone (GH) level, GH after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT-GH), and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were recorded. Incidence and prevalence of the disease were estimated using information from the 2010 census of population and housing. RESULTS Forty-eight cases were recorded in the study period in 17 males (35.4%) and 31 females (64.5%); M/F ratio=1.8:1. Mean age at diagnosis was 47.3±16.8 years (range 18-86). Delay in diagnosis was 7.3±6.3 years (range 1-30). Mean age at diagnosis was 47.9±18.2 years in males and 46.3±15.8 years in females. Delay in diagnosis was 10.2±7.9 and 5.7±3.9 years in males and females, respectively. Prevalence of acromegaly is 18.7 cases per million inhabitants, and incidence of acromegaly 1.3 cases per million people per year. CONCLUSIONS Acromegaly predominates in females, and is diagnosed in the fourth decade with a delay of approximately 8 years, usually even longer in males. Incidence and prevalence are lower than reported in international series. The disease is underdiagnosed and underreported in Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Vaca Burbano
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Docente Policía Nacional N.° 2, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Chang JS, Tseng HM, Chang TC. Serial follow-up of presurgical treatment using pasireotide long-acting release with or without octreotide long-acting release for naïve active acromegaly. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:475-80. [PMID: 27117887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serial changes of GH and IGF-1 in seven patients with naïve, active acromegaly following presurgical treatment of the somatostatin analog pasireotide long-acting release (LAR) and octreotide LAR. The patients were treated with pasireotide LAR with or without octreotide LAR for two years and underwent transsphenoidal adenomectomy. After treatment with the somatostatin analogs, the surgical cure rate was similar to that in patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery alone. Diabetes insipidus was not identified in any patients after the operation. Pasireotide LAR was effective on GH as well as IGF-1 suppression and tumor size decreasing when used as the primary therapy. Future large-population studies to investigate the surgical curative rate after presurgical treatment with somatostatin analogs in patients with acromegaly and macroadenomas close to the cavernous sinus are warranted. However, that hyperglycemia developed following pre-surgical treatment with pasireotide should take into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Shun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ham-Min Tseng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Buchfelder M, Feulner J. Neurosurgical Treatment of Acromegaly. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 138:115-39. [PMID: 26940389 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Surgical removal of as much tumor mass as possible is usually considered the first step of treatment in acromegaly, unless the patients are unfit for surgery or refuse an operation. To date, in almost all cases, minimally invasive, transsphenoidal microscopic or endoscopic approaches are used. Whether a curative approach is feasible or a debulking procedure is planned, can be anticipated on the basis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. It mostly depends on localization, size, and the invasive character of the lesion. The surgical results depend on tumor-related factors such as size, extension, the presence or absence of invasion, and the magnitude of IGF-1 and growth hormone oversecretion, respectively. However, even surgeon-related factors such as experience and case load of the centers have been shown to strongly affect surgical results and complication rates. A reoperation can be considered at various stages in the treatment algorithm. There are several new technical gadgets which might aid in the surgical procedure: navigation, the Doppler probe, and variants of intraoperative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julian Feulner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Chanson P. Medical Treatment of Acromegaly with Dopamine Agonists or Somatostatin Analogs. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:50-8. [PMID: 25677539 DOI: 10.1159/000377704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of acromegaly aims to correct (or prevent) tumor compression of surrounding tissues by excising the disease-causing lesion and reduce growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 levels to normal values. When surgery (the usual first-line treatment) fails to correct GH/IGF-1 hypersecretion, medical treatment with dopamine agonists (DAs; particularly cabergoline) or somatostatin analogs (SAs) can be used. The GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant is helpful in patients who are totally or partially resistant to SAs and can be given in association with both SAs and/or DAs. Thanks to this multistep therapeutic strategy, adequate hormonal disease control is achieved in most patients, giving them normal life expectancy. Comorbidities associated with acromegaly generally improve after treatment, but persistent sequelae may nonetheless impair quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Chanson
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Inserm 1185, Fac Med Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare condition of GH excess associated with significant morbidities (e.g. hypertension, glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus, cardiac, cerebrovascular, respiratory disease and arthritis) and, when uncontrolled, high mortality. Surgery, medical treatment and radiotherapy remain our therapeutic tools. Advances in these options during the last years have offered further perspectives in the management of patients and particularly those with challenging tumours; the impact of these on the long-term morbidity and mortality remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ntali
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias St, Athens, 11528, Greece
| | - Niki Karavitaki
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Wolfson Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Rosario PW, Calsolari MR. Laboratory investigation of acromegaly: is basal or random GH > 0.4 µg/L in the presence of normal serum IGF-1 an important result? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2015; 59:54-8. [PMID: 25926115 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of indication of the GH suppression test and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with clinical suspicion of acromegaly with GH concentrations > 0.4 µg/L despite normal serum IGF-1. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 160 patients with clinical suspicion of acromegaly with normal IGF-1 were studied. RESULTS Basal GH > 0.4 µg/L was observed in 70/88 women (79.5%). Nadir GH > 0.4 µg/L was found in 21/70 women (30%) and these patients were submitted to MRI, which revealed a microadenoma in 2/21 women (9.5%). In these two women, IGF-1 continued to be normal in subsequent measurements and no clinical progression has been observed so far (time of follow-up until now 4 years). Basal GH > 0.4 µg/L was seen in 33/72 men (45.8%). Nadir GH was < 0.4 µg/L in all of them. CONCLUSIONS In patients with clinical suspicion of acromegaly, concern over GH concentration in the presence of normal IGF-1 results in the unwarranted complementary investigation in many cases, and even in possible equivocal diagnoses. It is only in exceptional cases that normal IGF-1 should not rule out acromegaly.
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Sala E, Ferrante E, Locatelli M, Rampini P, Mantovani G, Giavoli C, Filopanti M, Verrua E, Malchiodi E, Carrabba G, Arosio M, Beck-Peccoz P, Spada A, Lania AG. Diagnostic features and outcome of surgical therapy of acromegalic patients: experience of the last three decades. Hormones (Athens) 2014; 13:95-103. [PMID: 24722132 DOI: 10.1007/bf03401325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transsphenoidal (TNS) surgery remains the primary therapeutic option for GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. The aims of this study were to verify the impact of TNS surgery on treatment of acromegaly before and after identification by a dedicated neurosurgical team and to enumerate diagnostic features of the disease described over three decades. DESIGN 41 patients (group A) who underwent TNS surgery by a dedicated neurosurgical team (2000-2008) and 126 patients (group B) operated on by surgeons not specialized in pituitary surgery (1979-1999) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of delay of diagnosis, mean basal GH levels and GH nadir values, prevalence of hypopituitarism and hypertension. IGF-I SDS were significantly higher, while prevalence of IGT/diabetes was significantly lower in group B than in group A. Overall remission rate after surgery was 58.5% for group A (75% in microadenomas and 48% in macroadenomas, P=NS) and 37% for group B (P<0.05 vs group A; for microadenomas, 34% vs 75% of group A, P<0.05, for macroadenomas, 36% vs 48% of group A, P=NS). The mean delay of diagnosis was 4.9 and 5.9 years in group A and B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that a dedicated neurosurgical team is needed in order to improve remission rates in acromegalic patients. No changes in biochemical, clinical and neuroradiological presentation of disease were observed over the last three decades. As the high prevalence of macroadenomas negatively influences surgical cure, earlier diagnosis should be considered as mandatory to achieve a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sala
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferrante
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rampini
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Giavoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Filopanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Verrua
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elenan Malchiodi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carrabba
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy, Unit of Endocrine Diseases and Diabetology, San Giuseppe Hospital, Multimedica Group, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Beck-Peccoz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Spada
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS C Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerardo Lania
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano; Italy
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20
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Bogazzi F, Colao A, Rossi G, Lombardi M, Urbani C, Sardella C, Iannelli A, Scattina I, Manetti L, Del Sarto S, Pivonello R, Grasso LFS, Lupi I, Auriemma RS, Lombardi G, Martino E. Comparison of the effects of primary somatostatin analogue therapy and pituitary adenomectomy on survival in patients with acromegaly: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:367-76. [PMID: 23828855 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acromegalic patients have an increased risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different therapies for acromegaly on mortality. DESIGN AND METHODS The mortality rate of 438 consecutive acromegalic patients was compared with that of the general population using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR); the effect of different therapies on survival was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Twenty patients (4.5%) died between 1999 and 2009. Age- and sex-adjusted SMR was 0.70 (95% CI 0.43-1.08). The Cox regression analysis revealed that, in the whole population, both general risk factors (age and physical status) and specific factors for acromegaly (macroadenoma, hypopituitarism and uncontrolled disease) were associated with death. The most compromised patients at diagnosis had a higher mortality rate (P=0.001), which also occurred in patients with controlled acromegaly. Death occurred in 2.4% (adenomectomy), 2.6% (adenomectomy followed by somatostatin analogue (SSA) therapy) and 11.4% (SSA therapy as the primary therapy) of the patients. The risk of death was higher in patients receiving SSA therapy as the primary therapy (hazard ratio (HR) 5.52, 95% CI 1.06-28.77, P=0.043) than in all patients submitted to adenomectomy; however, a higher risk of death occurred only in diabetic patients treated with SSAs alone (HR 21.94, 95% CI 1.56-309.04, P=0.022). Radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of mortality, which occurred in patients with the more locally advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS Therapies for acromegaly and comorbidities have lowered the risk of mortality to the level of the general population; the effect of SSA therapy alone or that following pituitary adenomectomy was comparable to that of curative neurosurgery on survival in non-diabetic patients; on the contrary, SSA therapy as the primary therapy may be less effective than adenomectomy in reducing mortality rate in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Bogazzi
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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21
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Gariani K, Meyer P, Philippe J. Implications of Somatostatin Analogues in the Treatment of Acromegaly. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 9:132-135. [PMID: 29922369 PMCID: PMC6003582 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2013.09.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Octreotide has an important role in the medical management of acromegaly. Its place in the management of acromegaly as an adjuvant therapy after neurosurgery is well established with a well-demonstrated efficacy. It can also be used in certain clinical conditions as a neoadjuvant treatment. Clinicians and patients should be aware of the possible side effects of octreotide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacques Philippe
- Professor, Head, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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22
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Urbani C, Sardella C, Calevro A, Rossi G, Scattina I, Lombardi M, Lupi I, Manetti L, Martino E, Bogazzi F. Effects of medical therapies for acromegaly on glucose metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:99-108. [PMID: 23660641 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormalities of glucose metabolism are common findings of acromegaly. However, robust evidence on whether therapy with somatostatin analogs (SSAs) or pegvisomant (PEG) differently affects glucose metabolism is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of therapy with SSAs, PEG, or their combination on glucose metabolism in a large series of acromegalic patients. DESIGN This was a historical-prospective study. Among 50 consecutive acromegalic patients under SSA therapy, acromegaly in 19 patients was controlled. PEG used in combination with SSA therapy allowed the control of acromegaly in the remaining 31 patients and was then continued as monotherapy in 18 patients. METHODS The following parameters were evaluated at the diagnosis of acromegaly and during DIFFERENT TREATMENTS: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity (QUICK-I), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Comparison was made using analysis for paired data. RESULTS Insulin resistance improved when acromegaly was controlled with therapy with SSAs, PEG, or SSA+PEG. However, FPG concentrations were higher during SSA therapy (alone or combined with PEG) than at the diagnosis of acromegaly, even when corrected for disease activity, whereas they were reduced during PEG therapy. Mean glucose concentrations during the OGTT were higher in patients receiving SSA therapy than in those receiving PEG therapy. In addition, the prevalence of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance was higher during SSA therapy than at diagnosis or during PEG therapy and was not influenced by disease control. CONCLUSIONS Medical therapies for acromegaly reduce insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity; on the contrary, glucose indexes may be differently affected by SSA or PEG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Urbani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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23
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Kwon O, Song YD, Kim SY, Lee EJ. Nationwide survey of acromegaly in South Korea. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:577-85. [PMID: 22909047 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It was previously reported in Korea that there were 1.4 case per million per year of acromegaly. This was low in comparison with the extrapolated values of Western European countries. We expected that the incidence of acromegaly would be much higher now because of recently improved medical facilities, diagnostic tools and coverage of medical insurance to all the population of South Korea. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this nationwide survey was to examine the incidence and prevalence of patients with acromegaly, mode of treatment and outcome of surgical treatment of recent 5 years. DESIGN AND PATIENTS We requested and collected the medical records of all possible patients with acromegaly from 74 secondary or tertiary medical institutes in Korea from 2003 to 2007 retrospectively. MEASUREMENTS Date of diagnosis and treatment, tumour size, pre- and postoperative hormonal level, treatment modality and usage of medication were collected. RESULTS During 5 years, 1350 patients with acromegaly had been registered. The average annual incidence was 3.9 cases per million during this period, and prevalence had increased up to 27.9 cases per million in 2007. Male/female ratio was 1:1.2, and mean age at diagnosis was 44.1 years. Macroadenoma was dominant (82.9%). Transsphenoidal adenoidectomy was used the most as primary treatment (90.4%). CONCLUSIONS This Korean acromegaly survey offers a realistic overview of the predominant epidemiological characteristics of acromegaly in Korea. Annual incidence was at a similar level with western countries. Efforts to diagnose and control the disease earlier are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obin Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Sesmilo G, Gaztambide S, Venegas E, Picó A, Del Pozo C, Blanco C, Torres E, Álvarez-Escolà C, Fajardo C, García R, Cámara R, Bernabeu I, Soto A, Villabona C, Serraclara A, Halperin I, Alcázar V, Palomera E, Webb SM. Changes in acromegaly treatment over four decades in Spain: analysis of the Spanish Acromegaly Registry (REA). Pituitary 2013; 16:115-21. [PMID: 22481632 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-012-0384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since 1997 there is an online National Registry of acromegalic patients in Spain (REA). We aimed to study changes in acromegaly treatment and outcomes over the last four decades in Spain. In REA clinical and biochemical data are collected at diagnosis and updated every one to 2 years. We analyzed the first treatment received and the different treatments administered according to decade of diagnosis of acromegaly: prior to 1980, 1980-1989, 1990-1999 and 2000-2009. Surgical cure rates according to pretreatment with long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) were also analyzed. 1,658 patients were included of which 698 had accurate follow-up data. Treatment of acromegaly changed over time. Surgery was the main treatment option (83.8 %) and medical treatment was widely used (74.7 %) both maintained over decades, while radiation therapy declined (62.8, 61.6, 42.2 and 11.9 % over decades, p < 0.001). First treatment type also changed: surgery was the first line option up until the last decade in which medical treatment was preferred (p < 0.001). Radiotherapy was barely used as first treatment. Treatment combinations changed over time (p < 0.001). The most common treatment combination (surgery plus medical therapy), was received by 24.4, 16.4, 25.3 and 56.5 % of patients over decades. Medical treatment alone was performed in 7.3, 6, 7.2 and 14.7 % over decades. Type of medical treatment also changed, SRLs becoming the first medical treatment modality in the last decades, whereas dopamine agonist use declined (p < 0.001). Surgical cure rates improved over decades (21, 21, 36 and 38 %, p = 0.002) and were not influenced by SRL pre-surgical use. Acromegaly treatment has changed in Spain in the last four decades. Surgery has been the main treatment option for decades; however, medical therapy has replaced surgery as first line in the last decade and radiotherapy rates have clearly declined. SRLs are the most used medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sesmilo
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Institut Universitari Dexeus, C/Sabino de Arana 5-19, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Schöfl C, Franz H, Grussendorf M, Honegger J, Jaursch-Hancke C, Mayr B, Schopohl J. Long-term outcome in patients with acromegaly: analysis of 1344 patients from the German Acromegaly Register. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 168:39-47. [PMID: 23087126 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acromegaly is a rare disease with significant morbidity and increased mortality. Epidemiological data about therapeutic outcome under 'real life' conditions are scarce. OBJECTIVE To describe biochemical long-term outcome of acromegaly patients in Germany. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective data analysis from 1344 patients followed in 42 centers of the German Acromegaly Register. Patients' data were collected 8.6 (range 0-52.6) years after diagnosis. Controlled disease was defined by an IGF1 within the center-specific reference range. RESULTS Nine hundred and seventeen patients showed a normalized IGF1 (157 (range 25-443) ng/ml). In patients with a diagnosis dated back >2 years (n=1013), IGF1 was normalized in 76.9%. Of the patients, 19.5% had an elevated IGF1 and a random GH ≥1 ng/ml, 89% of the patients had at least one surgical intervention, 22% underwent radiotherapy, and 43% received medical treatment. After surgery 38.8% of the patients were controlled without any further therapy. The control rates were higher in surgical centers with a higher caseload (P=0.034). Of the patients with adjunctive radiotherapy 34.8% had a normal IGF1 8.86 (0-44.9) years post irradiation, 65.2% of the medically treated patients were controlled, and 47.2% of the patients with an elevated IGF1 received no medical therapy. CONCLUSION The majority of acromegaly patients were controlled according to their IGF1 status. Long-term outcome could be improved by exploiting medical treatment options especially in patients who are not controlled by surgery and/or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Schöfl
- Department of Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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26
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Sesmilo G. [Epidemiology of acromegaly in Spain]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:470-4. [PMID: 23246411 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology of acromegaly in Spain does not differ from that reported in other published series. Prevalence rate is approximately 60 cases per million, peak incidence occurs in middle age, more women are affected (61%), and there is a substantial delay between occurrence of the first symptoms and diagnosis. Studies REA (Spanish Acromegaly Registry) and OASIS analyzed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of the disease in Spain. Surgery, performed in more than 80% of patients, has been (and continues to be) the main treatment for the past four decades. In the past decade, however, more patients have received somatostatin analogs (SSAs) as first-line treatment. Use of radiation therapy has significantly decreased in recent decades. Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are the most commonly used drugs, administered to 85% of patients; however, only 12%-15% continue on drug treatment alone. The surgical remission rate was 38.4% in the last decade, with a significant improvement over decades. Preoperative treatment with SSAs has no influence on surgical cure rates. Second-line therapies used after surgical failure in the past decade included SSAs in 49% of patients, repeat surgery in 27%, radiotherapy in 11%, pegvisomant in 15%, and dopamine agonists in 5%. Mean cost of acromegaly treatment was 9.668€ (data estimated in 2009 and adjusted in 2010), of which 71% was due to the cost of SSAs. Patients treated with pegvisomant have a more aggressive form of the disease and higher comorbidity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Sesmilo
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Institut Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, España.
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27
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Ferone D, Gatto F, Minuto F. Pre-surgical treatment with somatostatin analogues in patients with acromegaly: the case for. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:613-5. [PMID: 22776973 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Ferone
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, Genoa, Italy.
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28
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Losa M, Crippa VG. Pre-surgical treatment with somatostatin analogues in patients with acromegaly: the case against. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:616-8. [PMID: 22776974 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Losa
- Pituitary Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Chanson P, Kamenický P. [Treatment of acromegaly: a critical analysis of the last ten years]. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2012; 73:99-106. [PMID: 22521857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ten previous years in terms of acromegaly treatment were essentially characterized by the experience accumulated with new formulations of somatostatin analogues or new drugs such GH-receptor antagonists recently available. Surgery remains the first-line treatment and its results did not change despite the generalization of endoscopy, which mainly seems to decrease local side-effects. The setting of radiotherapy was essentially modified by the increasing use of gamma-knife or stereotactic radiotherapy; however, their results are essentially the same as the classic fractionated, conventional radiotherapy and nobody knows if it will decrease the side-effects of this therapeutic modality. Nevertheless, thanks to a multistep therapeutic strategy, combining the different therapeutic modalities, it has become very rare for acromegaly not to be controlled in a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Chanson
- Service d'endocrinologie et des maladies de la reproduction, faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, université Paris XI, hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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30
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The OASIS study: Therapeutic management of acromegaly in standard clinical practice. Assessment of the efficacy of various treatment strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endoen.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Estudio OASIS: manejo terapéutico de la acromegalia en un escenario de práctica clínica habitual. Evaluación de la eficacia de las diversas estrategias de tratamiento aplicadas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 58:478-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Karaca Z, Tanriverdi F, Elbuken G, Cakir I, Donmez H, Selcuklu A, Durak AC, Dokmetas HS, Colak R, Unluhizarci K, Kelestimur F. Comparison of primary octreotide-lar and surgical treatment in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:678-84. [PMID: 21575026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Oct-LAR and surgery in terms of controlling IGF-1 and GH levels and tumour volumes. The second aim was to compare two primary treatment modalities in terms of side effects such as pituitary insufficiency, cholelithiasis, metabolic parameters and the effect on quality of life (QoL). DESIGN The study was a randomized, prospective study. PATIENTS The 22 patients were consecutively randomized to Oct-LAR and surgical treatment groups. RESULTS Baseline serum IGF-1 level, tumour volume and GH levels were comparable in the Oct-LAR and surgery groups. No significant differences were detected between the Oct-LAR and the surgery groups in terms of IGF-1 and GH levels at the 3rd and 6th months, but at 12th month, preglucose GH was found to be lower in the surgical treatment group. IGF-1 control and complete biochemical response rates were found to be 27% and 64%, in the Oct-LAR and surgical treatment groups, respectively. The mean percentage of tumour volume reduction was found to be 26%, 30% and 31% in the Oct-LAR group vs 64%, 74% and 79% in the surgery group at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months, respectively. CONCLUSION Primary surgical treatment seems to be slightly more effective than Oct-LAR in terms of biochemical response and IGF-1 control, besides tumour volume reduction, in patients with acromegaly with noninvasive tumours. Oct-LAR is associated with more side effects such as cholelithiasis and glucose metabolism disorders and is more expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Karaca
- Department of Endocrinology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
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Abstract
Although acromegaly is a rare disease, the clinical, economic and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) burden is considerable due to the broad spectrum of comorbidities as well as the need for lifelong management. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the past 12 years (1998-2010) to determine the benefit of disease control (defined as a growth hormone [GH] concentration <2.5 μg/l and insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-1 normal for age) on clinical, HRQoL, and economic outcomes. Increased GH and IGF-1 levels and low frequency of somatostatin analogue use directly predicted increased mortality risk. Clinical outcome measures that may improve with disease control include joint articular cartilage thickness, vertebral fractures, left ventricular function, exercise capacity and endurance, lipid profile, and obstructive apnea events. Some evidence suggests an association between controlled disease and improved HRQoL. Total direct treatment costs were higher for patients with uncontrolled compared to controlled disease. Costs incurred for management of comorbidities, and indirect cost could further add to treatment costs. Optimizing disease control in patients with acromegaly appears to improve outcomes. Future studies need to evaluate clinical outcomes, as well as HRQoL and comprehensive economic outcomes achieved with controlled disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ben-Shlomo
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 George Burns Rd, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | | | | | - S. Pulgar
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Florham Park, NJ USA
| | - S. Melmed
- Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 George Burns Rd, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
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34
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Fleseriu M, Delashaw JB, Cook DM. Acromegaly: a review of current medical therapy and new drugs on the horizon. Neurosurg Focus 2010; 29:E15. [PMID: 20887125 DOI: 10.3171/2010.7.focus10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a disease that results from a growth hormone (GH)–secreting pituitary tumor. Clinically, the disease is characterized by excessive skeletal growth, soft tissue enlargement with disfigurement, and increased risk of cardiovascular death. The goals of treatment are the removal or reduction of the tumor mass via surgery and normalization of GH secretion. Another treatment goal is the preservation of normal pituitary function if possible. Transsphenoidal surgery by an experienced neurosurgeon is usually the first line of therapy, especially for small tumors. Surgeon expertise is crucial for outcome, with dedicated pituitary surgeons having better results. However, overall cure rates remain low because patients with these tumors usually present at an incurable stage. Therefore, medical therapy to control excess GH secretion plays a significant role in a large proportion of patients with acromegaly who are not cured by surgery or other forms of therapy, such as radiotherapy, and/or are awaiting the effects of radiotherapy. If surgery is not curative, lifelong monitoring and the control of excess GH is usually necessary by a care team experienced in handling this chronic disease. In the past decade major progress has occurred in the development of highly specific and selective pharmacological agents that have greatly facilitated more aggressive management of active acromegaly. Treatment approach should be individualized and take into consideration a patient's tumor size and location, symptoms, comorbid conditions, and preferences. Because a surgical cure can be difficult to achieve, all patients, even those with what seems to be a clinically and biochemically inactive disease, should undergo long-term biochemical testing and pituitary MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fleseriu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, and Northwest Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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35
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Feelders RA, Hofland LJ, van Aken MO, Neggers SJ, Lamberts SWJ, de Herder WW, van der Lely AJ. Medical therapy of acromegaly: efficacy and safety of somatostatin analogues. Drugs 2009; 69:2207-26. [PMID: 19852525 DOI: 10.2165/11318510-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a chronic disease with signs and symptoms due to growth hormone (GH) excess. The most frequent cause of acromegaly is a GH-producing pituitary adenoma. Chronic GH excess is accompanied by long-term complications of the locomotor (arthrosis) and cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy) systems and is, when untreated, associated with an increased mortality. The aim of treatment of acromegaly is to improve symptoms, to achieve local tumour mass control, and to decrease morbidity and mortality. Treatment options include surgery, medical therapy and radiotherapy. Transsphenoidal surgery is the first choice of treatment when a definitive cure can be achieved, particularly in the case of microadenomas and when decompression of surrounding structures (optic chiasm, ophthalmic motor nerves) is indicated. Primary medical therapy has been increasingly applied in recent years, especially when a priori chances of surgical cure are low (because of adenoma size and localization) and in patients with advanced age and/or serious co-morbidity. In addition, preoperative primary medical therapy may result in tumour shrinkage, facilitating tumour resection, and may reduce perioperative complications due to GH excess. Within the spectrum of medical therapy, long-acting somatostatin analogues (somatostatins) are considered as first-line treatment. Treatment with somatostatin analogues results in GH control in approximately 60% of patients. In addition, somatostatin analogues induce tumour shrinkage in 30-50% of patients, particularly when applied as primary therapy. Prolonged treatment with somatostatin analogues appears to be safe and is usually well tolerated. The currently available somatostatin analogues, octreotide and lanreotide, seem to be equally effective; however, this should still be evaluated in prospective, randomized trials evaluating efficacy with respect to GH control and tumour shrinkage. In patients with an insufficient clinical and biochemical response to somatostatin analogues, combination therapy with dopamine receptor agonists or the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant usually leads to disease control. New developments in the medical therapy of acromegaly include the universal somatostatin receptor agonist pasireotide, which has a broader affinity for all somatostatin receptor (sst) subtypes compared with the currently available somatostatin analogues with preferential affinity for the sst2 receptor, and chimeric compounds that interact with both somatostatin and dopamine receptors with synergizing effects on GH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Feelders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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L’acromégalie du sujet âgé. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2009; 70:225-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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