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Feng Y, Tang Z, Zhang W. The role of macrophages in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its typical pathological features: A narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115470. [PMID: 37716116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age, with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) as the clinical features. Androgen excess, insulin resistance, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, ovulatory dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis are the main pathological features and pathogenesis of PCOS and are related to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and chronic ovarian tissue inflammation in PCOS. With the advances in immune-endocrine interaction studies, research on the role of immune cells in the occurrence and development of PCOS is gradually increasing. As the core of innate immunity, macrophages play an indispensable role in systemic inflammatory response. Meanwhile, they are involved in maintaining the stability and function of the ovary as the most abundant immune cells in ovarian tissue. Studies in humans and mice have found that the polarization of macrophages into M1 type plays multiple roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This review describes the distribution characteristics of macrophage subpopulations in patients and animal models with PCOS, discusses the role of macrophage-related metabolic inflammation in PCOS, and summarizes the relationship between macrophages and PCOS-related pathological features and its possible mechanisms, to further understand the pathogenesis of PCOS and reveal the role of macrophages in it. In addition, research on immune-endocrine interactions can also provide direction for finding new therapeutic targets for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijing Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Nousiopoulou E, Palamaris K, Theocharis S. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082912. [PMID: 37109247 PMCID: PMC10141215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitutes the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Patients usually suffer from severe menstrual irregularities, skin conditions, and insulin resistance-associated health conditions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of PCOS, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases and were able to identify 74 relevant studies published between 2003 and 2023. Different study groups reached contradictory conclusions in terms of PPAR expression in PCOS. Interestingly, numerous natural agents were found to represent a novel, potent anti-PCOS treatment alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Nousiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Shi N, Zhou Y, Ma H. A network pharmacology study of mechanism and efficacy of Jiawei Huanglian-Wendan decoction in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32057. [PMID: 36482532 PMCID: PMC9726404 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive metabolic disorder, normally accompanied by insulin resistance (IR). The specific pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. To identify the underlying pathogenesis of PCOS with IR and explore the potential efficacy and mechanism of Jiawei Huanglian-Wendan decoction (JHWD) by a network pharmacology approach. The effective components and the potential drug and disease-related targets are retrieved. Drug-disease overlapped targets are being obtained by Venny analysis. The construction of protein-protein interaction network relied on Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database (STRING), after uploading drug-disease overlapped targets. The drug-component-target-disease interaction network map was displayed , after importing their data into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Bioinformatics analyses are being performed by Metascape and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, respectively. Further, molecular docking analysis was carried out using AutoDock software. Finally, the influence of JHWD is verified by means of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, the rate of resumption of normal menstrual cycles and regular ovulation, the blood lipid levels, the blood glucose and insulin levels, and the inflammatory cytokines in PCOS with IR patients. Four primary interaction networks of JHWD are constructed. The enrichment analysis of PCOS-IR-related targets demonstrated that the top enriched pathways in the development of PCOS with IR are pathways in cancer, metabolic, phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling, lipid and atherosclerosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding interactions of the key targets with the active components. Further confirmations showed that the active components of JHWD exhibited significant clinical efficacy in improving the clinical syndromes, menstrual cyclicity and ovulatory function, and significantly reducing the blood lipid levels, blood glucose and insulin levels, and inflammatory cytokines in PCOS with IR patients. The combination of the network pharmacological analysis and clinical validation stated that the active compounds in JHWD could regulate glycolipid metabolism, reduce IR, and exert anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of PCOS with IR, promoting Chinese classical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhe Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Jia Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang S, Dai J, Huang J, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zeng Z. Selenium can regulate the differentiation and immune function of human dendritic cells. Biometals 2021; 34:1365-1379. [PMID: 34599706 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that can regulate the function of immnue cells via selenoproteins. However, the effects of selenium on human dendritic cell (DCs) remain unclear. Thus, selenoprotein levels in monocytes, immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) treated with or without Na2SeO3 were evaluated using RT-PCR, and then the immune function of imDCs and mDCs was detected by flow cytometry, cell counting and the CCK8 assay. In addition, the effects of Se on cytokine and surface marker expression were investigated by RT-PCR. The results revealed different expression levels of selenoprotein in monocytes, imDCs and mDCs, and selenoproeins could be regulated by Se. Moreover, it was indicated that anti-phagocytic activity was improved by 0.1 µM Se, whereas it was suppressed by 0.2 µM Se in imDCs; The migration of imDCs and mDCs was improved by 0.1 µM Se, whereas their migration was inhibited by treatment with 0.05 or 0.2 µM Se; The mixed lymphocyte reaction of mDCs was improved by 0.1 µM Se, and it was inhibited by 0.05 and 0.2 µM Se. In addition, 0.1 µM Se improved the immune function of DCs through the regulation of CD80, CD86, IL12-p35 and IL12-p40. Wheres 0.05 and 0.2 µM Se impaired immune function of DCs by up-regulation of interleukin (IL-10) in imDCs and down-regulation of CD80, CD86, IL12-p35 and IL12-p40 in mDCs. In conclusion, 0.1 µM Se might improve the immune function of human DCs through selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianmei Liu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Huang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Mizgier M, Jarząbek-Bielecka G, Wendland N, Jodłowska-Siewert E, Nowicki M, Brożek A, Kędzia W, Formanowicz D, Opydo-Szymaczek J. Relation between Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Macronutrient Intakes in Normal and Excessive Body Weight Adolescent Girls with Clinical Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:896. [PMID: 33801995 PMCID: PMC8001803 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of diet on inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate, in PCOS girls, whether certain macronutrient intakes can be associated with these disturbances. For this purpose, 59 PCOS participants (aged 14-18 years) were recruited to this study and divided into two subgroups: overweight/obese-Ov/Ob group (n = 22) and normal weight-N group (n = 37). Nutrition was assessed using a 3-day food record. The studied markers were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukins 1 and 6 (IL-1 and IL-6). We found plant protein intake inversely correlated with IL-6 (p = 0.007; r = -0.557), TNF-α (p = 0.006; r = -0.564), MDA (p = 0.01; r = -0.539) in the Ov/Ob group and with TAC (p = 0.021; r = -0.38) in the N group. Inverse correlations in the Ov/Ob group were observed between protein intake and IL-6 (p = 0.031; r = -0.461), TNF- α (p = 0.043; r = -0.435); carbohydrates and IL-6 (p = 0.037; r = -0.448), MDA (p = 0.045; r = -0.431); fiber and IL-6 (p = 0.025; r = -0.475). A positive relationship between cholesterol intake and CRP concentration (p = 0.038; r = 0.342) was also found in the N group. These findings revealed that inflammation and OS are increased in Ov/Ob girls with decreased plant protein intake and low carbohydrates in the diet. Moreover, inflammation may be increased by cholesterol intake in slim PCOS girls. On the other hand, decreased intake of fiber and total protein intake increased inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04738409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mizgier
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp., Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (G.J.-B.); (W.K.)
| | - Natalia Wendland
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (N.W.); (J.O.-S.)
| | - Elżbieta Jodłowska-Siewert
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Alicja Brożek
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Witold Kędzia
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Division of Developmental Gynecology and Sexology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (G.J.-B.); (W.K.)
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.N.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (N.W.); (J.O.-S.)
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Activation of Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Combination with Metabolic Disorders and Excessive Body Weight. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051399. [PMID: 32397375 PMCID: PMC7291245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance: Mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic inflammation are believed to play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related complications of metabolic disorders in adult patients. Though such researches are limited or almost absent in adolescents. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic inflammation on PCOS pathogenesis during adolescence with regard to body mass index and insulin resistance. Design: a case-control study. Methods: The study included 95 adolescent girls (15 to 17 years old inclusive) diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria. The control group consisted of 30 healthy girls of the same age with a regular menstrual cycle. All participants were subjected to a full clinical and instrumental examination, as well as an assessment of the levels of leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α, and plasma concentrations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), sFas, and sFasL were determined. Patients with PCOS were divided into groups according to the presence of metabolic disorders (MD) (impaired glucose tolerance and/or over insulin resistance) and normal weight or excessive weight (NW or OW). Results: Patients with PCOS of NW in the absence of metabolic disorders (MD−/NW) had a lower concentration of MDA and a higher level of IL-10 compared to healthy girls (p < 0.05). The group (MD−/NW) was characterized with lower levels of CRP, leptin, MDA, and higher levels of sFasL, when compared to OW patients with PCOS in the absence of metabolic disorders (MD−/OW) (p < 0.05). Overweight adolescent girls with PCOS and metabolic disorders (MD+/OW) showed higher CRP, leptin, and a two-fold increase in IL-6 and IL-18 concentrations compared to the control group of healthy girls (p < 0.05 for all parameters). The group (MD+/OW) was also characterized with higher levels of CRP, leptin, MDA, IL-18, MIF (p < 0.05), when compared to overweight patients with PCOS in the absence of metabolic disorders (MD−/NW). In comparison with the MD−/OW group, the obese insulin resistant girls with PCOS (MD+/OW) had a highera level of IL-18 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MD+/OW girls demonstrated a significant increase in CRP, MDA and IL-18 levels when compared to the MD+/NW group (p < 0.05). OW girls with PCOS without MD (MD−/OW) had lower concentrations of sFasL compared to healthy girls (p < 0.05), and higher levels of MDA compared to MD+/NW (p < 0.05). Adolescent girls of NW with PCOS and with MD (MD+/NW) had lower levels of MDA compared to the control group of healthy girls (p < 0.05). These data are confirmed by a correlation analysis and two-factor ANOVA test. Conclusions: Lean girls with PCOS demonstrate the protective mechanism of decrease in oxidative stress mediated by the activation of antioxidant defense, reduction of lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation. Excessive weight and metabolic disorders in adolescents with PCOS are the most significant factors in reducing the capacity of antioxidant systems, activation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation.
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McBreairty LE, Chilibeck PD, Gordon JJ, Chizen DR, Zello GA. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a risk factor for sarcopenic obesity: a case control study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:70. [PMID: 31262307 PMCID: PMC6604177 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young women and increases risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and infertility. Women with PCOS share many characteristics commonly associated with aging including chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, which may be associated with "sarcopenic obesity", a term used to describe low appendicular skeletal muscle mass relative to total body mass. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in women with PCOS. We hypothesized there would be a high prevalence of sarcopenic obesity, and that % appendicular skeletal muscle mass and markers of inflammation and insulin resistance would be inversely correlated in this population. METHODS Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition in 68 women with PCOS aged 18-35y and 60 healthy age-matched women from the same geographic area. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as having % appendicular skeletal muscle mass 2 standard deviations below the mean for the healthy age-matched controls and a % body fat above 35%. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman correlations. RESULTS 53% of women with PCOS were classified as sarcopenic obese. Women with PCOS had a median (interquartile range) appendicular skeletal muscle mass of 23.8 (22.3-25.8)% which was lower than the control median of 30.4 (28.6-32.4)% (p < 0.0001). Among women with PCOS, there were negative correlations between % appendicular skeletal muscle mass and the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (r = - 0.409; p < 0.01), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = - 0.608; p < 0.0001) and glycosylated hemoglobin (r = - 0.430; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, % appendicular skeletal muscle mass correlated positively with vitamin D (r = 0.398; p < 0.0001) in women with PCOS, which is thought to positively affect skeletal muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS have a high prevalence of sarcopenic obesity, which is correlated to insulin resistance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. McBreairty
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
| | - Philip D. Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, Physical Activity Complex, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2 Canada
| | - Julianne J. Gordon
- College of Kinesiology, Physical Activity Complex, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B2 Canada
| | - Donna R. Chizen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Gordon A. Zello
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4 Canada
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Talaschian M, Amoli MM, Enayati S, Payab M, Hasani-Ranjbar S. Association between Trp48Arg polymorphism of the CD11c gene and risk for obesity among Iranian population. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 17:197-201. [PMID: 30918855 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite assessing the expression of CD11c gene in macrophages in adipose tissues and suggesting association between the gene expressions and predisposing to obesity, the relationship of the changes in CD11c gene and its variants with obesity has not been exclusively evaluated. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between rs2230424 gene polymorphism leading a single amino acid Arginine 48 to Tryptophan interchange in CD11c gene protein chain and obesity in a sample of Iranian population. Methods This case-control association study was performed on 247 subjects including obese individuals and a sex- and age-matched healthy non-obese individuals. After DNA extraction, the DNA sequence containing the relevant polymorphic site was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Determining different genotypic patterns of the SNP was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. To final draft the suspected genotypes of the SNP, DNA sequencing was performed. Results The frequency of wild genotype (TT) of Trp48Arg polymorphism of the CD11c gene in obese and non-obese groups was 97.9% and 94.6% and the frequency of heterozygous genotype (TC) was 2.1% and 5.4%, respectively with no significant difference (p = 0.230,). None of the participants had mutant genotypic pattern of the polymorphism. There was no association of the genotypic pattern of Trp48Arg polymorphism with different underlying risk factors as well as mean laboratory parameters. Conclusion The presence of Trp48Arg polymorphism of the CD11c gene is not associated with increased risk for obesity among Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Talaschian
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammad Amoli
- 2Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Enayati
- 2Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- 3Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- 3Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,EMRI (Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute), 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411413137 Iran
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Shah A, Alhusayen R, Amini-Nik S. The critical role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:931-945. [PMID: 28656364 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful chronic inflammatory disease with a prevalence between 1 and 4% of general population. The pathogenesis of HS long eluded scientists, but growing evidence suggests that it is a consequence of inflammatory dysregulation. FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that dysregulated immune response to skin flora and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines leads to chronic skin inflammation seen in HS. Macrophages are the most numerous inflammatory cells found in HS infiltrates and release numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-23, and IL-1β and TNF-α, exacerbating the inflammation and contributing to the pathogenesis of HS. Furthermore, in HS, there is dysregulated function of other immune players closely associated with macrophage function including: matrix metalloproteases (MMP) 2 and 9 overexpression, toll-like receptor upregulation, impaired Notch signalling, NLRP3 inflammasome upregulation, and dysregulated keratinocyte function. Lifestyle factors including obesity and smoking also contribute to macrophage dysfunction and correlate with HS incidence. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent efficacy of anti-cytokine biologic therapies highlights the importance of managing macrophage dysfunction. Future therapies should target key molecular drivers of macrophage dysfunction such as TLR2 and NLRP3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raed Alhusayen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
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Gao L, Gu Y, Yin X. High Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164021. [PMID: 27764100 PMCID: PMC5072730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study is to assess the TNF-α levels in PCOS patients and healthy controls. A comprehensive electronic search in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database was conducted up to July 2016. Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-nine studies with a total of 1960 participants (1046 PCOS patients and 914 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. The TNF-α levels in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in controls (random-effects, SMD = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.28-0.92, P<0.001). With regard to the subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity, study quality, methods, and BMI, significantly high TNF-α levels were found in patients with PCOS in almost all of these subgroups. In the subgroup stratified by HOMA-IR ratio and T ratio, significant differences were only observed in the subgroups with HOMA-IR ratio of >1.72(SMD = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.103-1.831, P = 0.028, I2 = 93.5%) and T ratio>2.10 (SMD = 1.420, 95% CI = 0.429-2.411, P = 0.005, I2 = 96.1%). By meta-regression it was suggested that ethnicity might contribute little to the heterogeneity between the included studies. Through cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis it was supposed that the higher TNF-α levels of PCOS patients compared to healthy controls was stable and reliable. This meta-analysis suggests that the circulating TNF-α levels in women with PCOS are significantly higher than those in healthy controls. It may be involved in promoting insulin resistance and androgen excess of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianghua Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University (Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province), Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Cho KW, Zamarron BF, Muir LA, Singer K, Porsche CE, DelProposto JB, Geletka L, Meyer KA, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. Adipose Tissue Dendritic Cells Are Independent Contributors to Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3650-3661. [PMID: 27683748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes of adipose tissue leukocytes, including adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) and adipose tissue dendritic cells (ATDCs), contribute to obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disease. However, clear discrimination between ATDC and ATM in adipose tissue has limited progress in the field of immunometabolism. In this study, we use CD64 to distinguish ATM and ATDC, and investigated the temporal and functional changes in these myeloid populations during obesity. Flow cytometry and immunostaining demonstrated that the definition of ATM as F4/80+CD11b+ cells overlaps with other leukocytes and that CD45+CD64+ is specific for ATM. The expression of core dendritic cell genes was enriched in CD11c+CD64- cells (ATDC), whereas core macrophage genes were enriched in CD45+CD64+ cells (ATM). CD11c+CD64- ATDCs expressed MHC class II and costimulatory receptors, and had similar capacity to stimulate CD4+ T cell proliferation as ATMs. ATDCs were predominantly CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells and made up the bulk of CD11c+ cells in adipose tissue with moderate high-fat diet exposure. Mixed chimeric experiments with Ccr2-/- mice demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced ATM accumulation from monocytes was dependent on CCR2, whereas ATDC accumulation was less CCR2 dependent. ATDC accumulation during obesity was attenuated in Ccr7-/- mice and was associated with decreased adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. CD45+CD64+ ATM and CD45+CD64-CD11c+ ATDCs were identified in human obese adipose tissue and ATDCs were increased in s.c. adipose tissue compared with omental adipose tissue. These results support a revised strategy for unambiguous delineation of ATM and ATDC, and suggest that ATDCs are independent contributors to adipose tissue inflammation during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Korea
| | - Brian F Zamarron
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lindsey A Muir
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Cara E Porsche
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jennifer B DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lynn Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kevin A Meyer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veteran's Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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12
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Xu N, Geller DH, Jones MR, Funari VA, Azziz R, Goodarzi MO. Comprehensive assessment of expression of insulin signaling pathway components in subcutaneous adipose tissue of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2015; 2:99-104. [PMID: 26236647 PMCID: PMC4517435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Insulin resistance is a common feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The insulin signaling pathway consists of two major pathways, the metabolic and the mitogenic cascades. The many components of these pathways have not been comprehensively analyzed for differential expression in insulin-responsive tissues in PCOS. The goal of this study was to determine whether the core elements of the insulin signal transduction cascade were differentially expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between PCOS and controls. Materials/methods Quantitative real-time PCR for 36 insulin signaling pathway genes was performed in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 22 white PCOS and 13 healthy controls. Results Genes in the insulin signaling pathway were not differentially expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue between PCOS and controls (P > 0.05 for all). Components mainly of the mitogenic pathway were correlated with both androgens and metabolic phenotypes. Expression levels of five genes (MKNK1, HRAS, NRAS, KRAS, and GSK3A) were positively correlated with total testosterone level (ρ > 0, P < 0.05). Inverse correlation was found between expression of six genes (HRAS, MAP2K2, NRAS, MAPK3, GRB2, and SHC1) and metabolic traits (body mass index, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR) (ρ < 0, P < 0.05). Conclusions Differential expression of core insulin signaling pathway components in subcutaneous adipose tissue is not a major contributor to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Correlation between clinical phenotypes and expression of several genes in the mitogenic limb of the insulin signaling pathway suggests mitogenic signaling by insulin may regulate steroidogenesis and glucose homeostasis. We examined gene expression in adipose tissue between PCOS and controls. Complete coverage of core elements of the insulin signaling pathway. Differential mRNA expression in adipose tissue is not a major contributor to PCOS. We discovered associations between mitogenic signaling components and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - David H Geller
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Michelle R Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Vincent A Funari
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30901 USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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13
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Goss AM, Chandler-Laney PC, Ovalle F, Goree LL, Azziz R, Desmond RA, Wright Bates G, Gower BA. Effects of a eucaloric reduced-carbohydrate diet on body composition and fat distribution in women with PCOS. Metabolism 2014; 63:1257-64. [PMID: 25125349 PMCID: PMC4191914 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if consumption of a reduced-carbohydrate (CHO) diet would result in preferential loss of adipose tissue under eucaloric conditions, and whether changes in adiposity were associated with changes in postprandial insulin concentration. METHODS In a crossover-diet intervention, 30 women with PCOS consumed a reduced-CHO diet (41:19:40% energy from CHO:protein:fat) for 8 weeks and a standard diet (55:18:27) for 8 weeks. Body composition by DXA and fat distribution by CT were assessed at baseline and following each diet phase. Insulin AUC was obtained from a solid meal test (SMT) during each diet phase. RESULTS Participants lost 3.7% and 2.2% total fat following the reduced-CHO diet and STD diet, resp. (p<0.05 for difference between diets). The reduced-CHO diet induced a decrease in subcutaneous-abdominal, intra-abdominal, and thigh-intermuscular adipose tissue (-7.1%, -4.6%, and -11.5%, resp.), and the STD diet induced a decrease in total lean mass. Loss of fat mass following the reduced CHO diet arm was associated with lower insulin AUC (p<0.05) during the SMT. CONCLUSIONS In women with PCOS, consumption of a diet lower in CHO resulted in preferential loss of fat mass from metabolically harmful adipose depots, whereas a diet high in CHO appeared to promote repartitioning of lean mass to fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA.
| | | | - Fernando Ovalle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Laura Lee Goree
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Renee A Desmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - G Wright Bates
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
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14
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Conway G, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Franks S, Gambineri A, Kelestimur F, Macut D, Micic D, Pasquali R, Pfeifer M, Pignatelli D, Pugeat M, Yildiz BO. The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:P1-29. [PMID: 24849517 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovarian disorder associated with androgen excess in women, which justifies the growing interest of endocrinologists. Great efforts have been made in the last 2 decades to define the syndrome. The presence of three different definitions for the diagnosis of PCOS reflects the phenotypic heterogeneity of the syndrome. Major criteria are required for the diagnosis, which in turn identifies different phenotypes according to the combination of different criteria. In addition, the relevant impact of metabolic issues, specifically insulin resistance and obesity, on the pathogenesis of PCOS, and the susceptibility to develop earlier than expected glucose intolerance states, including type 2 diabetes, has supported the notion that these aspects should be considered when defining the PCOS phenotype and planning potential therapeutic strategies in an affected subject. This paper offers a critical endocrine and European perspective on the debate on the definition of PCOS and summarises all major aspects related to aetiological factors, including early life events, potentially involved in the development of the disorder. Diagnostic tools of PCOS are also discussed, with emphasis on the laboratory evaluation of androgens and other potential biomarkers of ovarian and metabolic dysfunctions. We have also paid specific attention to the role of obesity, sleep disorders and neuropsychological aspects of PCOS and on the relevant pathogenetic aspects of cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, we have discussed how to target treatment choices based according to the phenotype and individual patient's needs. Finally, we have suggested potential areas of translational and clinical research for the future with specific emphasis on hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Conway
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didier Dewailly
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Héctor F Escobar-Morreale
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stephen Franks
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Kelestimur
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Djuro Macut
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dragan Micic
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Renato Pasquali
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marija Pfeifer
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michel Pugeat
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent O Yildiz
- Department of EndocrinologyUniversity College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UKDepartment of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive MedicineCentre Hospitalier de Lille, Hopital Jeanne de Fiandre, Lille, FranceEndocrine Unit3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversidad de Alcalá and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEM and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria IRYCIS, Madrid, SpainImperial College LondonInstitute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, UKDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyClinic for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Medical Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of EndocrinologyFaculty of Medicine of Porto, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, PortugalInsermFédération d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France andDivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Sam S, Mazzone T. Adipose tissue changes in obesity and the impact on metabolic function. Transl Res 2014; 164:284-92. [PMID: 24929206 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adverse alterations in adipose tissue that predispose to metabolic dysregulation. These adverse alterations include accumulation of inflammatory macrophages leading to the activation of inflammation pathways, reduction in lipid turnover, and deposition of fat in ectopic locations. These alterations are precursors to the development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sam
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Theodore Mazzone
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
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16
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Polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and obesity: navigating the pathophysiologic labyrinth. Int J Reprod Med 2014; 2014:719050. [PMID: 25763405 PMCID: PMC4334071 DOI: 10.1155/2014/719050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder that implies various severe consequences to female health, including alarming rates of infertility. Although its exact etiology remains elusive, it is known to feature several hormonal disturbances, including hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin appears to disrupt all components of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis, and ovarian tissue insulin resistance results in impaired metabolic signaling but intact mitogenic and steroidogenic activity, favoring hyperandrogenemia, which appears to be the main culprit of the clinical picture in PCOS. In turn, androgens may lead back to IR by increasing levels of free fatty acids and modifying muscle tissue composition and functionality, perpetuating this IR-hyperinsulinemia-hyperandrogenemia cycle. Nonobese women with PCOS showcase several differential features, with unique biochemical and hormonal profiles. Nevertheless, lean and obese patients have chronic inflammation mediating the long term cardiometabolic complications and comorbidities observed in women with PCOS, including dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Given these severe implications, it is important to thoroughly understand the pathophysiologic interconnections underlying PCOS, in order to provide superior therapeutic strategies and warrant improved quality of life to women with this syndrome.
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