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Hong Y, Zhou X, Li Q, Chen J, Wei Y, Long C, Shen L, Zheng X, Li D, Wang X, Yu C, Wu S, Wei G. X-box binding protein 1 caused an imbalance in pyroptosis and mitophagy in immature rats with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testis toxicity. Genes Dis 2024; 11:935-951. [PMID: 37692514 PMCID: PMC10491871 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a widely used plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is known to induce significant testicular injury. However, the potential mechanism and effects of pubertal exposure to DEHP on testis development remain unclear. In vivo, postnatal day (PND) 21 male rats were gavaged with 0, 250, and 500 mg/kg DEHP for ten days. Damage to the seminiferous epithelium and disturbed spermatogenesis were observed after DEHP exposure. Meanwhile, oxidative stress-induced injury and pyroptosis were activated. Both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitophagy were involved in this process. Monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was used as the biometabolite of DEHP in vitro. The GC-1 and GC-2 cell lines were exposed to 0, 100 μM, 200 μM, and 400 μM MEHP for 24 h. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative stress damage, ER stress, mitophagy, and pyroptosis were significantly increased after MEHP exposure. The ultrastructure of the ER and mitochondria was destroyed. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) was observed to be activated and translocated into the nucleus. ROS generation was inhibited by acetylcysteine. The levels of antioxidative stress, ER stress, mitophagy, and pyroptosis were decreased as well. After the administration of the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenyl-butyric acid, both mitophagy and pyroptosis were inhibited. Toyocamycin-induced XBP1 down-regulation decreased the levels of mitophagy and pyroptosis. The equilibrium between pyroptosis and mitophagy was disturbed by XBP1 accumulation. In summary, our findings confirmed that DEHP induced a ROS-mediated imbalance in pyroptosis and mitophagy in immature rat testes via XBP1. Moreover, XBP1 might be the key target in DEHP-related testis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hong
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiazhu Zhou
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiangqin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dinggang Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chenjun Yu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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Ham J, Jang H, Song G, Lim W. Cypermethrin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, leads to testicular dysfunction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166167. [PMID: 37567297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that is used to control insects and protect crops. However, pesticide residues and their possible toxicity to non-target animals such as mammals are concerning. Although cypermethrin reduces testosterone levels, the molecular mechanisms involved, particularly those regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy regulation, have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated testicular toxicity of cypermethrin in mouse Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells. Cypermethrin suppresses TM3 and TM4 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Moreover, it interrupted calcium homeostasis in intracellular organelles and dissipated mitochondrial membrane polarization in mouse testicular cells. Moreover, we verified the accumulation of Sqstm1/p62 protein in the mitochondria of cypermethrin-treated TM3 and TM4 cells. Furthermore, we confirmed that cypermethrin activated autophagy and the ER stress pathway in a time-dependent manner in both cell types. Finally, we determined that cypermethrin downregulated testicular function-related genes, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis in mouse testis cells. Therefore, we conclude that cypermethrin regulates autophagy and ER stress, leading to testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Gao Q, Lu W, Fan S, Xie W, Zhang H, Han Y, Weng Q. Seasonal changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress and steroidogenesis in the ovary of the wild ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 343:114368. [PMID: 37604348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of the follicle is accompanied by steroidogenesis and secretion, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) requires significant synthesis of relevant proteins to support changes in the follicular microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether seasonal changes in gonadotropins and ovarian steroid hormones in the wild ground squirrels induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and changes in ERS-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling. There were significant seasonal differences in ovarian mass, with values higher in the breeding season and relatively low in the non-breeding season. Histological observations revealed that ovaries in the breeding season had germ cells including primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles, and the corpus luteal, whereas ovaries consisted mainly of primary and secondary follicles in the non-breeding season. Analysis of ovarian transcriptome data showed that 1298 genes were up-regulated in expression and 1432 genes were down-regulated in expression during both periods. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly enriched in estrogen signaling pathways, ovarian steroidogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathways. The expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, P450c17, 3β-HSD, and P450arom) and gonadotropin receptor (FSHR and LHR) were significantly increased during the breeding season compared to the non-breeding season. GRP78 and UPR signaling factors (ATF4, ATF6, XBP1s) associated with ERS were expressed in both seasons. The mRNA expressions of Atf6 and Xbp1s were higher in the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. Conversely, Atf4 and its downstream homologous protein (Chop) exhibited higher expression during the non-breeding season. In addition, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol-17β, and progesterone of serum were significantly higher in the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. These results suggested that UPR signaling, associated with seasonal changes in ovarian steroidogenesis, was activated during the breeding season and that ERS might be involved in regulating seasonal changes in ovarian steroidogenesis in the wild ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjing Gao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Fan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Lu W, Gao Q, Wei J, Xie W, Zhang H, Yuan Z, Han Y, Weng Q. Seasonal changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress and ovarian steroidogenesis in the muskrats ( Ondatra zibethicus). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1123699. [PMID: 36824363 PMCID: PMC9941330 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1123699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown roles for endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)/unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling cascades with ovarian folliculogenesis, and oocyte maturation. In this study, we investigated seasonal changes in ERS and ovarian steroidogenesis in the muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) during the breeding season (BS) and non-breeding season (NBS). There were noticeable seasonal variations in the weight and size of muskrat ovaries with values higher in the BS than that in NBS. The circulating luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17β-estradiol, and progesterone of the female muskrats were higher during the BS. The RNA-seq data of ovaries during different seasons revealed 2580 differentially expressed genes, further analysis showed a prominent enrichment of ERS-related pathways and ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. Immunohistochemical results showed that GRP78 and steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, 3β-HSD, P450c17, and P450arom) existed in the various kinds of cells in muskrat ovaries during the BS and NBS. In ovaries from the BS, the mRNA levels of P450scc, P450arom, P450c17, and 3β-HSD were considerably higher. Furthermore, the expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (SOD2, CAT, and GPX1) and UPR signal genes (Bip/GRP78, ATF4, ATF6, and XBP1s) were increased strikingly higher during the BS in comparison with the NBS. However, the mRNA levels of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-3 had no considerable difference between the BS and NBS. Taken together, these results suggested that UPR signaling associated with the seasonal changes in ovarian steroidogenesis is activated in the BS and the delicate balance in redox regulation is important for seasonal reproduction in the muskrats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjing Gao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlan Wei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqian Xie
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Han
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Weng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Weng,
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Grim-19 plays a key role in mitochondrial steroidogenic acute regulatory protein stability and ligand-binding properties in Leydig cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102671. [PMID: 36334625 PMCID: PMC9768377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Grim-19 (gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality 19), the essential component of complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain, functions as a noncanonical tumor suppressor by controlling apoptosis and energy metabolism. However, additional biological actions of Grim-19 have been recently suggested in male reproduction. We investigated here the expression and functional role of Grim-19 in murine testis. Testicular Grim-19 expression was detected from mouse puberty and increased progressively thereafter, and GRIM-19 protein was observed to be expressed exclusively in interstitial Leydig cells (LCs), with a prominent mitochondrial localization. In vivo lentiviral vector-mediated knockdown of Grim-19 resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone production and triggered aberrant oxidative stress in testis, thus impairing male fertility by inducing germ cell apoptosis and oligozoospermia. The control of testicular steroidogenesis by GRIM-19 was validated using the in vivo knockdown model with isolated primary LCs and in vitro experiments with MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Mechanistically, we suggest that the negative regulation exerted by GRIM-19 deficiency-induced oxidative stress on steroidogenesis may be the result of two phenomena: a direct effect through inhibition of phosphorylation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and subsequent impediment to StAR localization in mitochondria and an indirect pathway that is to facilitate the inhibiting role exerted by the extracellular matrix on the steroidogenic capacity of LCs via promotion of integrin activation. Altogether, our observations suggest that Grim-19 plays a potent role in testicular steroidogenesis and that its alterations may contribute to testosterone deficiency-related disorders linked to metabolic stress and male infertility.
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Lee KY, Kim SH, Yang WK, Lee GJ. Effect of Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze Extract on Andropause Symptoms. Nutrients 2022; 14:4572. [PMID: 36364834 PMCID: PMC9659158 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone and free testosterone levels decrease in men as they age, consequently inducing andropause symptoms, such as weight gain, fatigue, and depression. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the reducing effect of New Zealand spinach (NZS) on these androgenic symptoms by orally administering its extract to 26-week-old rats for four weeks. Biochemical blood testing was conducted, and the andropause symptoms-related indicators and muscular endurance levels were examined. In the NZS extract-treated rats, the decrease in muscle mass was suppressed, and immobility time was reduced in the forced swim test. In addition, the grip force and muscular endurance of the forelimbs were significantly increased compared to the control group; therefore, NZS extract exhibits a positive effect on the maintenance of muscle mass and improves muscular endurance. The representative male hormones, testosterone and progesterone, in the NZS extract-treated group were 1.84 times and 2.48 times higher than those in the control groups, respectively. Moreover, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, which affect lipid metabolism, were significantly reduced in the NZS extract-treated group. Overall, NZS extract shows potential for further development as a functional food material for improving muscle strength and relieving andropause symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Youn Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Geung-Joo Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Luo X, Xu J, Zhao R, Qin J, Wang X, Yan Y, Wang LJ, Wang G, Yang X. The Role of Inactivated NF-κB in Premature Ovarian Failure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:468-483. [PMID: 34971586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as deployment of amenorrhea due to the cessation of ovarian function in a woman younger than 40 years old. The pathologic mechanism of POF is not yet well understood, although genetic aberrations, autoimmune damage, and environmental factors have been identified. The current study demonstrated that NF-κB inactivation is closely associated with the development of POF based on the data from literature and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)-induced POF mouse model. In the successfully established NF-κB-inactivated mouse model, the results showed the reduced expression of nuclear p65 and the increased expression of IκBα in ovarian granulosa cells; the reduced numbers of antral follicles; the reduction of Ki-67/proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeled cell proliferation and enhanced Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis in granulosa cells; the reduced level of E2 and anti-Müllerian hormone; the decreased expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) in granulosa cells, which was reversed in the context of blocking NF-κB signaling with BAY 11-7082; and the decreased expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 in granulosa cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that p50 stimulated the transcription of GRP78, and NF-κB affected the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and promoted granulosa cell proliferation through GRP78-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, these data indicate, for the first time, that the inactivation of NF-κB signaling plays an important role in POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Qin
- Gynecology, Chinese Medicine College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism and Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuesong Yang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism and Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Bakhtyukov AA, Derkach KV, Sorokoumov VN, Stepochkina AM, Romanova IV, Morina IY, Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Shpakov AO. The Effects of Separate and Combined Treatment of Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin and Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:198. [PMID: 35008624 PMCID: PMC8745465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis are impaired. Metformin and the agonists of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-receptor (LH/hCG-R) (hCG, low-molecular-weight allosteric LH/hCG-R-agonists) can be used to restore them. The aim was to study effectiveness of separate and combined administration of metformin, hCG and 5-amino-N-tert-butyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(3-(nicotinamido)phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (TP3) on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in male rats with T2DM. hCG (15 IU/rat/day) and TP3 (15 mg/kg/day) were injected in the last five days of five-week metformin treatment (120 mg/kg/day). Metformin improved testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and restored LH/hCG-R-expression. Compared to control, in T2DM, hCG stimulated steroidogenesis and StAR-gene expression less effectively and, after five-day administration, reduced LH/hCG-R-expression, while TP3 effects changed weaker. In co-administration of metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists, on the first day, stimulating effects of LH/hCG-R-agonists on testosterone levels and hCG-stimulated expression of StAR- and CYP17A1-genes were increased, but on the 3-5th day, they disappeared. This was due to reduced LH/hCG-R-gene expression and increased aromatase-catalyzed estradiol production. With co-administration, LH/hCG-R-agonists did not contribute to improving spermatogenesis, induced by metformin. Thus, in T2DM, metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists restore steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, with metformin being more effective in restoring spermatogenesis, and their co-administration improves LH/hCG-R-agonist-stimulating testicular steroidogenesis in acute but not chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Bakhtyukov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Kira V. Derkach
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Viktor N. Sorokoumov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna M. Stepochkina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina V. Romanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina Yu. Morina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina O. Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Liubov V. Bayunova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Alexander O. Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
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9
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Huang CS, Qiu LZ, Yue L, Wang NN, Liu H, Deng HF, Ni YH, Ma ZC, Zhou W, Gao Y. Low-dose radiation-induced demethylation of 3β-HSD participated in the regulation of testosterone content. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:529-539. [PMID: 34550611 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effects of low-dose radiation (LDR, ≤0.1 Gy) on living organisms have been the hot areas of radiation biology but do not reach a definitive conclusion yet. So far, few studies have adequately accounted for the male reproductive system responses to LDR, particularly the regulation of testosterone content. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of LDR on Leydig cells and testicular tissue, especially the ability to synthesize testosterone. We found that less than 0.2-Gy 60 Co gamma rays did not cause significant changes in the hemogram index and the body weight; also, pathological examination did not find obvious structural alterations in testis, epididymis, and other radiation-sensitive organs. Consistently, the results from in vitro showed that only more than 0.5-Gy gamma rays could induce remarkable DNA damage, cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Notably, LDR disturbed the contents of testosterone in mice serums and culture supernatants of TM3 cells and dose dependently increased the expression of 3β-HSD. After cotreatment with trilostane (Tril), the inhibitor of 3β-HSD, increased testosterone could be partially reversed. Besides, DNA damage repair-related enzymes, including DNMT1, DNMT3B, and Sirt1, were increased in irradiated TM3 cells, accompanying by evident demethylation in the gene body of 3β-HSD. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that LDR could induce obvious perturbation in the synthesis of testosterone without causing organic damage, during which DNA demethylation modification of 3β-HSD might play a crucial role and would be a potential target to prevent LDR-induced male reproductive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Shu Huang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Qiu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lanxin Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Ning Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fang Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Przygrodzka E, Plewes MR, Davis JS. Luteinizing Hormone Regulation of Inter-Organelle Communication and Fate of the Corpus Luteum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9972. [PMID: 34576135 PMCID: PMC8470545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum is an endocrine gland that synthesizes the steroid hormone progesterone. luteinizing hormone (LH) is a key luteotropic hormone that stimulates ovulation, luteal development, progesterone biosynthesis, and maintenance of the corpus luteum. Luteotropic and luteolytic factors precisely regulate luteal structure and function; yet, despite recent scientific progress within the past few years, the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present review, we summarize the recent progress towards understanding cellular changes induced by LH in steroidogenic luteal cells. Herein, we will focus on the effects of LH on inter-organelle communication and steroid biosynthesis, and how LH regulates key protein kinases (i.e., AMPK and MTOR) responsible for controlling steroidogenesis and autophagy in luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Przygrodzka
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA; (E.P.); (M.R.P.)
| | - Michele R. Plewes
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA; (E.P.); (M.R.P.)
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - John S. Davis
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA; (E.P.); (M.R.P.)
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, 4101 Woolworth Ave, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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11
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Shah R, Patil V, Sarathi V, Lila AR, Zacharin M, Krishnappa B, Sehemby M, Jaiswal SK, Jadhav PL, Ramteke-Jadhav S, Shah N, Bandgar T. Prior testosterone replacement therapy may impact spermatogenic response to combined gonadotropin therapy in severe congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Pituitary 2021; 24:326-333. [PMID: 33226541 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of prior testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on the spermatogenic response to combined gonadotropin therapy (CGT) in severe and partial phenotype congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS Patients of CHH without (n = 17) and with prior TRT (n = 18) were subdivided into severe and partial groups, based on mean testicular volume ≤ 3 cc and > 3 cc respectively. INTERVENTION Participants were treated with hMG at a dose of 75-150 U 3/week and gradually escalating doses of hCG until maximum dose (2000 U 3/week or 5000 U 2/week) or serum total testosterone of ≥ 3.5 ng/ml was reached. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Final mean TV, trough serum testosterone (T), sperm concentration RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (20 severe, baseline mean TV of 3.6 ± 2.7 ml) were started on CGT at 24.8 ± 6.1 years. The median duration of prior TRT was 38 (IQR 10-63.75) months in the exposed group. After 33 ± 12 months, final mean TV was 8.9 ± 5.5 ml, 86% achieved serum testosterone > 3.5 ng/ml and 70% achieved spermatogenesis [median 5 (0-12.6) million/ml]. Patients without prior TRT had significantly higher peak sperm count than those with prior- TRT (median 9 vs 0.05 million/ml, p = 0.004). This effect of prior TRT was more pronounced in severe phenotype patients (median 7 vs 0 million/ml, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Prior-TRT may interfere with spermatogenic response to CGT in CHH patients, especially in those with a severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
| | - Virendra Patil
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
| | - Vijaya Sarathi
- Department of Endocrinology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anurag R Lila
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India.
| | - Margaret Zacharin
- Department of Endocrinology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brijesh Krishnappa
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
| | - Manjeetkaur Sehemby
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
| | - Sanjeet Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
| | - Pratap L Jadhav
- Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Swati Ramteke-Jadhav
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
| | - Nalini Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
| | - Tushar Bandgar
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, 103, 1st floor, OPD Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 40012, India
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12
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Tabara M, Shiraishi K, Takii R, Fujimoto M, Nakai A, Matsuyama H. Testicular localization of activating transcription factor 1 and its potential function during spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:976-986. [PMID: 34007999 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), belonging to the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors, is highly expressed in the testes. However, its role in spermatogenesis has not yet been established. Here, we aimed to elucidate the impact of ATF1 in spermatogenesis by examining the expression pattern of ATF1 in mice and the effect of ATF1 knockdown in the mouse testes. We found that ATF1 is expressed in various organs, with very high levels in the testes. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ATF1 was localized in the nuclei of spermatogonia and co-localized with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In ATF1-deficient mice, the seminiferous tubules of the testis contained cells at all developmental stages; however, the number of spermatocytes was decreased. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was decreased and apoptotic cells were rare in the seminiferous tubules. These results indicate that ATF1 plays a role in male germ cell proliferation and sperm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tabara
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koji Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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13
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Ham J, Park S, Lim W, Song G. The herbicide dinitramine affects the proliferation of murine testicular cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced calcium dysregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115982. [PMID: 33288293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hazardous effects of herbicides are well known; however, their effects on the reproductive system remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-proliferative effects of dinitramine (DN) on immature murine testicular cell lines (Leydig and Sertoli cells) mediated via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced calcium dysregulation in the cytosol and mitochondria. The results demonstrated that the viability and proliferation of DN-treated TM3 and TM4 cells decreased significantly, even in the spheroid state. DN induced the apoptosis of TM3 and TM4 cells and decreased the expression of genes related to cell cycle progression. Treatment with DN increased the cytosolic and intramitochondrial levels of calcium by activating ER stress signals. DN activated the Erk/P38/Jnk Mapk pathway and inactivated the Pi3k/Akt pathway in murine testicular cells. Co-treatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) mitigated DN-induced calcium upregulation in both testicular cell lines. Although 2-APB did not antagonize the anti-proliferative effect of DN in TM3 cells, treatment with 2-APB and 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid restored the proliferation of DN-treated TM4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Testicular STAC3 regulates Leydig cell steroidogenesis through potentiating mitochondrial membrane potential and StAR processing. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:195-209. [PMID: 33409656 PMCID: PMC8016781 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SH3 and cysteine-rich protein 3 (STAC3), a small adapter protein originally identified as a core component of excitation–contraction coupling machinery, regulates the voltage-induced Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle. However, the possibility of additional, as yet unknown, non-muscle effects of STAC3 cannot be ruled out. Herein, we provide the evidence for the expression and functional involvement of STAC3 in spermatogenesis. STAC3 expression was localized in the testicular interstitium of rodent and human testes. By using the cytotoxic drug ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS), STAC3 expression was observed to be decreased sharply in rat testis after selective withdrawal of Leydig cells (LCs), and reappeared immediately after LCs repopulation, indicating that testicular expression of STAC3 mainly stems from LCs. From a functional standpoint, in vivo lentiviral vector–mediated suppression of STAC3 resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone production, and thereafter caused impairment of male fertility by inducing oligozoospermia and asthenospermia. The indispensible involvement of STAC3 in testicular steroidogenesis was validated using the in vivo knockdown model with isolated primary LCs as well as in vitro experiments with primary LCs. By generating the TM3Stac3−/− cells, we further revealed that STAC3 depletion attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and StAR processing in db-cAMP-stimulated LCs. Thus, the inhibitory effect of STAC3 deficiency on testicular steroidogenesis may be ascribed to a disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis. Collectively, the present results strongly suggest that STAC3 may function as a novel regulator linking mitochondrial homeostasis and testicular steroidogenesis in LCs. Our data underscore an unexpected reproductive facet of this muscle-derived factor.
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15
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Ham J, You S, Lim W, Song G. Pyridaben induces mitochondrial dysfunction and leads to latent male reproductive abnormalities. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 171:104731. [PMID: 33357553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an organochloride pesticide, pyridaben (PDB) has been used on various plants, including fruiting plants and other crops. Because of emerging concerns regarding exposure to pesticides, the deleterious effects of PDB, including neuronal disease and reproductive abnormalities, have been determined. However, the intracellular mechanisms that contribute to the effects of PDB on the male reproductive system are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PDB on the male reproductive organ, focusing on the testes using mouse testicular cells. We demonstrated that PDB suppressed cellular proliferation of mouse Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells. Additionally, PDB disturbed calcium homeostasis via mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, PDB inhibited transcriptional gene expression regarding the cell cycle, as well as steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, which are the primary functions of TM3 and TM4 cells. Moreover, we verified via western blot analysis that PDB dysregulated the intracellular cell signaling pathways in mitochondrial-associated membranes and the Mapk/Pi3k pathway. Lastly, we confirmed that PDB efficiently suppressed the spheroid formation of TM3 and TM4 cells mimicking an in vivo environment. Collectively, the current results indicate that PDB induces testicular toxicity and male reproductive abnormalities by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Luman/CREB3 knock-down inhibit hCG induced MLTC-1 apoptosis. Theriogenology 2020; 161:140-150. [PMID: 33310232 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Luman has been reported to be involved in the formation of COP II-mediated transport vesicles that affect protein transportation and secretion. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and RT-qPCR indicated that Luman is widely expressed in the male mouse reproductive system. In sperm, Luman was mainly located in the sperm tail, and the expression level increased with sperm maturity. In the testis, Luman was located in Leydig cells. In MLTC-1, a high-concentration hCG treatment significantly increased GRP78, ATF6, p-IRE1, and p-EIF2S1 expression but had no effect on Luman expression. To investigate the role of Luman in hCG-induced ER stress (ERS), experiments were conducted to examine the consequences of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated Luman knockdown in MLTC-1 cells. Luman knockdown decreased the percentage of S phase cells and up-regulated Cyclin A1, Cyclin B1, and Cyclin D2 expression. ELISA and WB results showed that with Luman knockdown, Cyp11a1, p-IRE1, and p-EIF2S1 expression and testosterone secretion were significantly increased, while GRP78 and CHOP expression were decreased. Flow cytometry results showed that Luman knockdown reduced MLTC-1 cell apoptosis. RT-qPCR and WB results showed that Luman knockdown significantly up-regulated BCL-2 expression and decreased Caspase-3 and BAX expression. These data suggest that Luman is widely expressed in the male mouse reproductive system. In MLTC-1 cells, Luman knockdown up-regulated p-IRE1, p-EIF2S1, and BCL-2 expression and decreased GRP78, CHOP, BAX, and Caspase-3 expression. We propose that Luman knockdown reduces cell apoptosis through the ERS pathway, thereby promoting cell survival and testosterone secretion. These findings provide new insights into the role of Luman in hCG-induced ERS.
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17
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Ham J, You S, Lim W, Song G. Bifenthrin impairs the functions of Leydig and Sertoli cells in mice via mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum dysregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115174. [PMID: 32683091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is a synthetic insecticide that is widely used in fields, resulting in an increase in its exposure to animals. However, reports on the toxic effects of BF on mammalian species and the underlying mechanism are still lacking. Here, we elucidated the mechanism underlying the toxic effects of BF on mouse reproduction using cell lines of immature mouse Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells, which are constituent cells of testes. Our results show that BF suppressed the proliferation and viability of TM3 and TM4 cells. Additionally, treatment with BF induced cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and DNA fragmentation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of calcium homeostasis were observed in BF-treated TM3 and TM4 cells. Further, bifenthrin modulated unfolded protein response and mitochondrion-associated membrane and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways. The expression of the mRNAs related to cell cycle progression, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis was downregulated by BF, suggestive of testicular toxicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the intracellular mechanism of action of BF to involve antiproliferative and apoptotic effects and testicular dysfunction in mouse testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Darbey A, Rebourcet D, Curley M, Kilcoyne K, Jeffery N, Reed N, Milne L, Roesl C, Brown P, Smith LB. A comparison of in vivo viral targeting systems identifies adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) as an effective vector for genetic manipulation of Leydig cells in adult mice. Andrology 2020; 9:460-473. [PMID: 32996275 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing popularity of deliverable transgenics, a robust and fully validated method for targeting Leydig cells, capable of delivering long-term transgene expression, is yet to be defined. OBJECTIVES We compared three viral vector systems in terms of their cell targeting specificity, longevity of gene expression and impact on targeted cell types when delivered to the interstitial compartment of the mouse testis. MATERIALS & METHODS We delivered lentiviral, adenoviral and adeno-associated (AAV) viral particles to the interstitial compartment of adult mouse testis. Immunolocalization and stereology were performed to characterize ability of vectors to target and deliver transgenes to Leydig cells. RESULTS Viral vectors utilized in this study were found to specifically target Leydig cells when delivered interstitially. Transgene expression in lentiviral-targeted Leydig cells was detected for 7 days post-injection before Leydig cells underwent apoptosis. Adenoviral-delivered transgene expression was detected for 10 days post-injection with no evidence of targeted cell apoptosis. We found serotype differences in AAV injected testis with AAV serotype 9 targeting a significant proportion of Leydig cells. Targeting efficiency increased to an average of 59.63% (and a maximum of 80%) of Leydig cells with the addition of neuraminidase during injection. In AAV injected testis sections, transgene expression was detectable for up to 50 days post-injection. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION Lentivirus, Adenovirus and Adeno-Associated virus delivery to the testis resulted in key variances in targeting efficiency of Leydig cells and in longevity of transgene expression, but identified AAV9 + Neuraminidase as an efficient vector system for transgene delivery and long-term expression. Simple viral delivery procedures and the commercial availability of viral vectors suggests AAV9 + Neuraminidase will be of significant utility to researchers investigating the genetics underpinning Leydig cell function and holds promise to inform the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Darbey
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Curley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Kilcoyne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nathan Jeffery
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Reed
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Milne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cornelia Roesl
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pamela Brown
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lee B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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19
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Wang Q, Dong J, Lu W, He H, Sun X, Zhang K, Song Q, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li C, Tu P. Phenylethanol glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa improved reproductive dysfunction by regulating testicular steroids through CYP450-3β-HSD pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112500. [PMID: 31881320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight has been used frequently in traditional folk medicine for treatment of male sexual dysfunction (MSD). Phenylethanol glycosides, the main components of C. tubulosa, possess a variety of pharmacological activities due to their multiple properties. However, the underlying mechanism by which phenylethanol glycosides from C. tubulosa (CPhGs) regulates testicular steroids has not been elucidated to date. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to determine whether CPhGs promotes the reproductive functions of mice through CYP450-3β-HSD pathway of testosterone synthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major compositions of C. tubulosa (CPhGs) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The model of reproductive injury in mice were induced by injection of hydrocortisone (HCT). Different doses of CPhGs (72, 145 and 289 mg/kg) and testosterone propionate (TP, positive control drug) were administrated intragastrically for 14 d. The reproductive functions (erectile incubation period, capture and ejaculation incubation period, number of captures and ejaculations) and organ weights (testicle, epididymis, seminal vesicle and penis) were then determined. The levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in serum were quantified by radioimmunoassay. The key enzymes in testosterone synthesis pathways such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc/CYP11A1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in the testis were assessed by immunofluorescence (IF) staining or/and Western blot (WB) analysis. RESULTS The results illustrated that the low dose of CPhGs (72 mg/kg) had no significant protective effect against the reproductive injury caused by HCT, while the moderate dose of CPhGs (145 mg/kg) improved the damaged reproductive ability and the declined levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in the model mice (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). In particular, high dose of CPhGs (289 mg/kg) was most effective in improving HCT-induced changes in body weight (P < 0.01), reducing the incubation period of the erectile (P < 0.001), capture (P < 0.05) and ejaculation (P < 0.01), and increasing the number of captures and ejaculations (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). The weights of testcle, epididymis, seminal vesicle and penis (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively) were improved by high dose of CPhGs. The levels of testosterone and its upstream luteinizing hormone were up-regulated by high dose of CPhGs (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the expressions of the key steroidogenic enzymes including CYP11A1 and 3β-HSD were significantly up-regulated after CPhGs treatment (P < 0.001), demonstrated that CPhGs exerted the effect through enhancing testosterone biosynthesis via CYP450-3β-HSD pathway. CONCLUSIONS CPhGs could significantly protect against HCT-induced deleterious reproductive dysfunction and testis injury. The protective effects were exerted by up-regulating synthesis of testosterone via the CYP450-3β-HSD pathway in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianteng Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenji Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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20
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Huang H, Zhong L, Zhou J, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Xing X, Sun J. Leydig-like cells derived from reprogrammed human foreskin fibroblasts by CRISPR/dCas9 increase the level of serum testosterone in castrated male rats. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3971-3981. [PMID: 32160419 PMCID: PMC7171312 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, Leydig cell (LC) transplantation has been regarded as an effective strategy for providing physiological patterns of testosterone in vivo. Recently, we have successfully converted human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) into functional Leydig‐like cells (iLCs) in vitro by using the CRISPR/dCas9 system, which shows promising potential for seed cells. However, it is not known whether the reprogrammed iLCs can survive or restore serum testosterone levels in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate whether reprogrammed iLCs can restore the serum testosterone levels of castrated rats when they are transplanted into the fibrous capsule. We first developed the castrated Sprague Dawley rat model through bilateral orchiectomy and subsequently injected extracellular matrix gel containing transplanted cells into the fibrous capsule of castrated rats. Finally, we evaluated dynamic serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in castrated rats, the survival of implanted iLCs, and the expression levels of Leydig steroidogenic enzymes by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that implanted iLCs could partially restore the serum testosterone level of castrated rats, weakly mimic the role of adult Leydig cells in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis for a short period, and survive and secrete testosterone, through 6 weeks after transplantation. Therefore, this study may be valuable for treating male hypogonadism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Hou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Ham J, Lim W, You S, Song G. Butylated hydroxyanisole induces testicular dysfunction in mouse testis cells by dysregulating calcium homeostasis and stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134775. [PMID: 31710847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA), has been used as a food additive. However, BHA acts as an environmental hormone, i.e., endocrine disruptor. Here, we investigated BHA-induced male reproductive dysfunction in mouse Leydig and Sertoli cells. We found that BHA suppressed proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in TM3 and TM4 cells. Furthermore, we investigated mitochondrial permeabilization, expression profiles of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, calcium influx, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in testicular cells after BHA treatment. The results indicated that BHA-mediated calcium dysregulation and ER stress downregulated steroidogenesis- and spermatogenesis-related genes in mouse testis cell lines. Additionally, proliferation of both TM3 and TM4 cells in response to BHA treatment was regulated via the Mapk and Akt signaling pathways. Therefore, constant BHA exposure may lead to testicular toxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and abnormal calcium levels in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Chen F, Wang Y, Liu Q, Hu J, Jin J, Ma Z, Zhang J. ERO1α promotes testosterone secretion in hCG-stimulated mouse Leydig cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5666-5678. [PMID: 31990068 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ER oxidoreduclin 1α (ERO1α) is an oxidase, participating in formation of secretory and membrane proteins. However, the other physiological functions ERO1α is not well known. We found that ERO1α is high in the Leydig cells of the testis. Therefore, the purposes of the current study are to explore the role of ERO1α and the possible mechanisms in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone secretion of Leydig cells. ERO1α was mainly localized in Leydig cells in the adult mice testes by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot analysis showed that ERO1α was higher in Leydig cells than that in the seminiferous tubules. The effect of ERO1α on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone secretion was detected by transducing ERO1α overexpression and knockdown lentiviruses into cultured primary Leydig cells (PLCs) together with hCG exposure. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ERO1α promoted cell proliferation by increasing cell distribution at the S phase and decreasing that at the G0/G1 phase. Western bolt analysis showed that ERO1α increased CDK2 and CDK6 expression. Cell apoptosis determination found that ERO1α inhibited PLC apoptosis. Western bolt analysis showed that ERO1α increased the ratio of BCL-2/BAX, and decreased BAD and Caspase-3 expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis demonstrated that ERO1α enhanced testosterone secretion. Western bolt analysis found that ERO1α increased StAR, 3β-HSD, and CYP17A1 expression. Furthermore, ERO1α could activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, these results suggest that ERO1α might play proliferation promotion and antiapoptotic roles and enhance testosterone secretion in PLC, at least partly, via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Chen
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinguang Liu
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Ham J, Lim W, Whang KY, Song G. Butylated hydroxytoluene induces dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress resulting in mouse Leydig cell death. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113421. [PMID: 31677866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant that has been used as an additive for fat- or oil-containing foods. The exposure index value increases with extended usage of the chemical. Further, estimated total amount of BHT could exceed standard regulation, considering dietary intake or another exposure. Although BHT may induce side effects in reproductive systems, adequate research had not yet been performed to confirm them. In this study, we investigated the effects of BHT on mouse Leydig cells (TM3), which are components of testis. Our results indicated that BHT suppressed cellular proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in TM3 cells. Moreover, BHT hampered cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in TM3 cells. Furthermore, BHT treatment led to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and DNA fragmentation, simultaneously stimulating intrinsic apoptosis signal transduction. To elucidate the mode of action of BHT on Leydig cells, we performed western blot analysis and confirmed the activation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. Collectively, our results demonstrated that BHT has toxic effects on mouse Leydig cells via induction of calcium dysregulation and ER-mitochondria dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Wang L, Lu M, Zhang R, Guo W, Lin P, Yang D, Chen H, Tang K, Zhou D, Wang A, Jin Y. Inhibition of Luman/CREB3 expression leads to the upregulation of testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15257-15269. [PMID: 30673139 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Luman, also known as cAMP-response element-binding protein 3, is an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein that has been identified as a novel transcriptional coregulator of a variety of nuclear receptors. Herein, immunohistochemistry results showed that Luman was specifically expressed in mouse Leydig cells in an age-dependent increase manner, from prepuberty to sexual maturation. Luman was not detected in Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules at any developmental period. The immunofluorescent experiment indicated that Luman was mainly located within the cytoplasm of murine Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1) and primary Leydig cells (PLCs). To investigate the physiological function of Luman, experiments were conducted to examine the consequences of short hairpin RNA- and small interfering RNA-mediated Luman knock-down in MLTC-1 and PLCs, respectively. Luman knock-down significantly upregulated the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17-α-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase in MLTC-1 cells and PLCs. Luman knock-down caused an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production in vitro and in vivo. The nuclear receptors SF-1 and Nur-77 were significantly increased upon Luman knock-down in MLTC-1. By contrast, the level of the nuclear receptor SHP decreased. Luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that Luman knock-down upregulated the activity of SF-1 and Nur-77 promoters. These data suggested that Luman expressed in mouse Leydig cells in an age-dependent increase manner. Luman knock-down upregulated the activity of SF-1 and Nur-77 promoters, which lead to the increase of testosterone synthesis and steroidogenesis genes expression. In conclusion, these findings provide us with new insights into the role Luman played in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minjie Lu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Diqi Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Karna KK, Shin YS, Choi BR, Kim HK, Park JK. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Male Reproductive Physiology and Pathology: A Review. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:484-494. [PMID: 31385474 PMCID: PMC7502313 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, defined as prolonged disturbances in protein folding and accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Perturbation of the ER, such as distribution of oxidative stress, iron imbalance, Ca2+ leakage, protein overload, and hypoxia, can cause ER stress. The cell reacts to ER stress by activating protective pathways, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is comprised of cellular mechanisms aimed for maintaining cellular homeostasis or, in case of excessively severe stress, at the initiation of cellular apoptosis. The three UPR signaling pathways from the ER stress sensors are initiated by activating transcription factor 6, inositol requiring enzyme 1, and protein kinase RNA-activated-like ER kinase. A number of physiological and pathological conditions, environmental toxicants and variety of pharmacological agents showed disruption of proper ER functions and thereby cause ER stress in male reproductive organ in rat model. The present review summarizes the existing data concerning the molecular and biological mechanism of ER stress in male reproduction and male infertility. ER stress initiated cell death pathway has been related to several diseases, including hypoxia, heath disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. Although there is not enough evidence to prove the relationship between ER stress and male infertility in human, most studies in this review found that ER stress was correlated with male reproduction and infertility in animal models. The ER stress could be novel signaling pathway of regulating male reproductive cellular apoptosis. Infertility might be a result of disturbing the ER stress response during the process of male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Choi
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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Kam MK, Lee DG, Kim B, Lee HS, Lee SR, Bae YC, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 4 ameliorates amyloid beta oligomer-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting ER-stress in HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:573-588. [PMID: 31147869 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by amyloid beta oligomers (AβO), which induce cell death by triggering oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Oxidative stress is regulated by antioxidant enzymes, including peroxiredoxins. Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are classified into six subtypes, based on their localization and cysteine residues, and protect cells by scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) is unique in being localized to the ER; however, whether Prx4 protects neuronal cells from AβO-induced toxicity remains unclear, although Prx4 expression is upregulated in AβO-induced oxidative stress and ER stress. In this study, we established HT-22 cells in which Prx4 was either overexpressed or silenced to investigate its role in AβO-induced toxicity. AβO-stimulation of HT-22 cells with overexpressed Prx4 caused decreases in both AβO-induced ROS and ER stress (followed by ER expansion). In contrast, AβO stimulation caused increases in both ROS and ER stress that were notably higher in HT-22 cells with silenced Prx4 expression than in HT-22 cells. Consequently, Prx4 overexpression decreased apoptotic cell death and ameliorated the AβO-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+. Therefore, we conclude that Prx4 has a protective effect against AβO-mediated oxidative stress, ER stress, and neuronal cell death. Furthermore, these results suggest that Prx4 may be a target for preventing AβO toxicity in AD. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children/UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheonbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Lu M, Zhang R, Yu T, Wang L, Liu S, Cai R, Guo X, Jia Y, Wang A, Jin Y, Lin P. CREBZF regulates testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22819-22832. [PMID: 31124138 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CREBZF, including the two isoforms SMILE (long isoform of CREBZF) and Zhangfei (short isoform of CREBZF), has been identified as a novel transcriptional coregulator of a variety of nuclear receptors. Our previous studies found that SMILE is expressed in the mouse uterine luminal and glandular epithelium and is upregulated by estrogen. In the present study, CREBZF was age-dependently and -specifically expressed in mouse interstitial Leydig cells during sexual maturation. The expression pattern of CREBZF exhibited an age-related increase, and SMILE was the dominant isoform in the mouse testis. Although hCG did not affect CREBZF expression, CREBZF silencing significantly inhibited hCG-stimulated testosterone production in primary Leydig cells and MLTC-1 cells. Meanwhile, the serum concentration of testosterone was significantly decreased after microinjection of lentiviral-mediated shRNA-CREBZF into the mature mouse testis. In addition, CREBZF silencing markedly decreased P450c17, 17β-HSD, and 3β-HSD expression following hCG stimulation in primary Leydig cells, and this inhibitory effect was obviously reversed by overexpression of CREBZF. Furthermore, CREBZF significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Nr4a1 and Nr5a1, which are the essential orphan nuclear receptors for steroidogenic gene expression. Together our data indicate that CREBZF promotes hCG-induced testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells by affecting Nr4a1 and Nr5a1 expression levels and subsequently increasing the expression of steroidogenic genes such as 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and P450c17, suggesting a potential important role of CREBZF in testicular testosterone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shouqin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanni Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Pan J, Yao Y, Guo X, Kong F, Zhou J, Meng X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, a novel significant mechanism responsible for DEHP‐induced increased distance between seminiferous tubule of mouse testis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19807-19823. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong China
| | - YuanYuan Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiuxiu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Fengyun Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center The Second Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiaoqian Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology College of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong China
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Gao Y, Wu X, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Ma H, Yang Z, Yang W, Zhao C, Wang L, Zhang Q. Melatonin receptor depletion suppressed hCG-induced testosterone expression in mouse Leydig cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:21. [PMID: 30915128 PMCID: PMC6416941 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 (genes officially named MTNR1A and MTNR1B, respectively) play crucial roles in melatonin-mediated regulation of circadian rhythms, the immune system, and control of reproduction in seasonally breeding animals. In this study, immunolocalization assay showed that MT1 and MT2 are highly expressed in Leydig cell membrane. To understand the biological function of melatonin receptors in hCG-induced testosterone synthesis, we generated melatonin receptor knockdown cells using specific siRNA and performed testosterone detection after hCG treatment. We found that knockdown of melatonin receptors, especially MTNR1A, led to an obvious decrease (> 60%) of testosterone level. Our further study revealed that knockdown of melatonin receptors repressed expression, at both the mRNA level and the protein level, of key steroidogenic genes, such as p450scc, p450c17 and StAR, which are essential for testosterone synthesis. hCG triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to regulate steroidogenic genes' expression and apoptosis. To further investigate the potential roles of melatonin receptors in hCG-induced regulation of ER stress and apoptosis, we examined expression of some crucial ER stress markers, including Grp78, Chop, ATF4, Xbp1, and IRE1. We found that inhibition of melatonin receptors increased hCG-induced expression of Grp78, Chop and ATF4, but not Xbp1 and IRE1, suggesting that hCG may modulate IRE1 signaling pathways in a melatonin receptor-dependent manner. In addition, our further data showed that knockdown of MTNR1A and MTNR1B promoted hCG-induced expression of apoptosis markers, including p53, caspase-3 and Bcl-2. These results suggested that the melatonin receptors MTNR1A and MTNR1B are essential to repress hCG-induced ER stress and cell apoptosis. Our studies demonstrated that the mammalian melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are involved in testosterone synthesis via mediating multiple cell pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu China
| | - Shuqin Zhao
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Hailong Ma
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Zhen Yang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Wanghao Yang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Chen Zhao
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Li Wang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu China.,2College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu China
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30
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Kim HK, Yadav RK, Bhattarai KR, Jung HW, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor Motif-6 (TMBIM6) protects against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:378-389. [PMID: 29309588 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor Motif-6 (TMBIM6) involved in the molecular mechanism by which cisplatin causes reproductive toxicity? SUMMARY ANSWER TMBIM6 protects against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity through up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),-which maintains the levels of steroidogenic enzymes by decreaseing oxidative stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Testosterone production is highly suppressed as a main complication of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) anticancer therapy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Groups of seven wild type or Tmbim6 KO C57BL/6J mice were given a single i.p., injection of cisplatin (30 mg/kg body wt) and testis and serum were collected 3 days later. Tmbim6-lentivirus-mediated testicular expression-rescued KO mice were analyzed to confirm function was restored. Tmbim6-over expressing TM3 mouse Leydig cells were exposed to cisplatin in vitro. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS After collection of the specimens serum testosterone level and testicular weight and structure were compared between the groups. Quantitative PCR, immunoblot, and assays for ROS, HO-1 activity and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) carbonylation were performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Phospho protein kinase B (p-Akt), nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and its downstream gene product HO-1 and the levels of testosterone synthesis-associated enzymes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), a rate limiting enzyme for testosterone production, were significantly expressed in the presence of Tmbim6 and maintained after cisplatin treament. Excessive post-translational oxidation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), altered folding capacitance and ROS accumulation, and ER stress were also decreased in the presence of Tmbim6. Higher levels of ER stress and protein hypercarbonylation were consistently observed in KO testis, compared with WT testis. In the Tmbim6 KO mice, lentivirus-mediated testicular expression of Tmbim6 rescued the above phenotypes. Furthermore, the protective role of Tmbim6 against testicular toxicity was consistently shown in Tmbim6-overexpressing TM3 Leydig cells (testosterone producing cells). We conclude that TMBIM6 protects against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity by inducing HO-1 and enhancing ER folding capacitance. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was performed using a short, 3-day cisplatin treatment condition. Therefore, the results need to be cautiously interpreted with regard to cisplatin-associated chronic toxicity. Moreover, to determine the clinical relevance of the role of TMBIM6, further studies in testicular cancer are needed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Cisplatin-associated ER stress and redox imbalance might be implicated as toxicity mechanisms associated with anticancer therapy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2015R1A2A1A13001849). The authors have no competing interests to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54689, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kashi Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54689, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wool Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54689, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54689, Republic of Korea
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31
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Ruggiero C, Doghman-Bouguerra M, Ronco C, Benhida R, Rocchi S, Lalli E. The GRP78/BiP inhibitor HA15 synergizes with mitotane action against adrenocortical carcinoma cells through convergent activation of ER stress pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:57-64. [PMID: 29474877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many types of cancer cells present constitutively activated ER stress pathways because of their significant burden of misfolded proteins coded by mutated and rearranged genes. Further increase of ER stress by pharmacological intervention may shift the balance towards cell death and can be exploited therapeutically. Recent studies have shown that an important component in the mechanism of action of mitotane, the only approved drug for the medical treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), is represented by activation of ER stress through inhibition of the SOAT1 enzyme and accumulation of toxic lipids. Here we show that HA15, a novel inhibitor of the essential ER chaperone GRP78/BiP, inhibits ACC H295R cell proliferation and steroidogenesis and is able to synergize with mitotane action. These results suggest that convergent activation of ER stress pathways by drugs acting via different mechanisms represents a valuable therapeutic option for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ruggiero
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, 06560, France; CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, 06560, France; NEOGENEX CNRS International Associated Laboratory, Valbonne, 06560, France; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, 06560, France
| | - Mabrouka Doghman-Bouguerra
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, 06560, France; CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, 06560, France; NEOGENEX CNRS International Associated Laboratory, Valbonne, 06560, France; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, 06560, France
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, 06560, France; Faculté des Sciences, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN) - CNRS UMR 7272, 28, Avenue de Valrose, Nice, 06108, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, 06560, France; Faculté des Sciences, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN) - CNRS UMR 7272, 28, Avenue de Valrose, Nice, 06108, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, 06560, France; INSERM U1065 - Equipe 12, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, 06200, France
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, 06560, France; CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, 06560, France; NEOGENEX CNRS International Associated Laboratory, Valbonne, 06560, France; Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, 06560, France.
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32
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Sun D, Dong W, Jin B, Chen G, Cai B, Deng W, Cui Y, Jin Y. Mechanisms of Yangjing Capsule in Leydig Cell Apoptosis and Testosterone Synthesis via Promoting StAR Expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1401-1405. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Sun
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | | | - Baofang Jin
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Bin Cai
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Weimin Deng
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yihan Jin
- Medical College of Qinghai University
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Park HJ, Lee DG, Seong JB, Lee HS, Kwon OS, Kang BS, Park JW, Lee SR, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin I maintains luteal function by regulating unfolded protein response. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:79. [PMID: 30111318 PMCID: PMC6094449 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence shows that ROS regulation by various antioxidants is essential for the expression of enzymes involved in steroidogenesis and maintenance of progesterone production by the corpus luteum (CL). However, the underlying mechanisms of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), an antioxidant enzyme, in luteal function for progesterone production in mice have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional link between PRDX1 and progesterone production in the CL of Prdx1 knockout (K/O) mice in the functional stage of CL. METHODS The expression pattern of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis related genes and peroxiredoxins 1 (PRDX1) were investigated by western blotting analysis in CL tissue of 10 weeks mice during functional stage of CL. The protein levels of these genes after ER-stress inducer tunicamycin (Tm), ER-stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) stimulation by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection were also investigated in CL tissue of wild type (WT) mice. Finally, we examined progesterone production and UPR signaling related gene expression in CL tissue of Prdx1 K/O mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that PRDX1 deficiency in the functional stage activates the UPR signaling pathways in response to ER stress-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, CL number, serum progesterone levels, and steroidogenic enzyme expression in Prdx1 K/O mice decreased significantly, compared to those in wild type mice. Levels of UPR signaling pathway markers (GRP78/BIP, P50ATF6, and phosphorylated (p)-eIF2) and ER-stress associated apoptotic factors (CHOP, p-JNK, and cleaved caspase-3) were dramatically increased in the CL tissue of Prdx1 K/O mice. In addition, administration of the NAC, reduced progesterone production and activated ER-stress-induced UPR signaling in the CL tissue obtained from the ovary of Prdx1 K/O mice. Taken together, these results indicated that reduction in serum progesterone levels and activation of ER-stress-induced UPR signaling are restored by NAC injection in the CL of Prdx1 K/O mice. CONCLUSION These observations provide the first evidence regarding the basic mechanisms connecting PRDX1 and progesterone production in the functional stage of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Park
- 0000 0001 0744 1296grid.412077.7College of Engineering, Daegu University, Biotechnology, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Bae Seong
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Oh-Shin Kwon
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Beom Sik Kang
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeen-woo Park
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- 0000 0004 0636 3099grid.249967.7Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- 0000 0001 0661 1556grid.258803.4College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Republic of Korea
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Park SJ, Kim JH, Lee DG, Kim JM, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 2 deficiency accelerates age-related ovarian failure through the reactive oxygen species-mediated JNK pathway in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:96-106. [PMID: 29778464 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in biological reactions have been shown to contribute to ovarian aging. Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is an antioxidant enzyme that protects cells by scavenging ROS; however, its effect on age-related, oxidative stress-associated ovarian failure has not been reported. Here, we investigated its role in age-related ovarian dysfunction and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced premature ovarian failure using Prx2-deficient mice. Compared to those in wildtype (WT) mice, serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, 17β-estradiol, and progesterone and numbers of follicles and corpora lutea were significantly lower in 18-month-old Prx2-/- mice. Moreover, levels of Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and phosphorylated JNK proteins were higher and numbers of apoptotic (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive) cells were considerably greater in 18-month-old Prx2-/- ovaries than WT ovaries. Furthermore, the effects of the ovarian toxicant VCD in significantly enhancing ROS levels and apoptosis through activation of JNK-mediated apoptotic signaling were more pronounced in Prx2-/- than WT mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Expression of the steroidogenic proteins StAR, CYP11A1, and 3β-HSD and serum levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone were also reduced to a greater extent in Prx2-/- mice than WT mice after VCD injection. This reduced steroidogenesis was rescued by addition of the Prx mimic ebselen or JNK inhibitor SP600125. This constitutes the first report that Prx2 deficiency leads to acceleration of age-related or VCD-induced ovarian failure by activation of the ROS-induced JNK pathway. These findings suggest that Prx2 plays an important role in preventing accelerated ovarian failure by inhibiting ROS-induced JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ji Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jung-Hak Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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The Interplay between Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) and Steroids in the Reproductive System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071842. [PMID: 29932125 PMCID: PMC6073258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone that is responsible for protein folding, which belongs to the heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSPA/HSP70). Because of the conjunction of GRP78 transcription with endoplasmic reticulum stress, the chaperone plays an important role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is induced after the accumulation of misfolded proteins. In the last years, a significant body of research concentrated on interplay between GRP78 and sexual steroid hormones. Throughout this review, we describe the mechanisms by which GRP78 regulates steroidogenesis at multiple levels and how steroids modulate GRP78 expression in different mammalian reproductive organs. Finally, we discuss the cooperation between GRP78 and steroids for cell survival and proliferation in the context of reproduction and tumorigenesis. This new paradigm offers significant opportunities for future exploration.
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Darbey A, Smith LB. Deliverable transgenics & gene therapy possibilities for the testes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 468:81-94. [PMID: 29191697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility and hypogonadism are clinically prevalent conditions with a high socioeconomic burden and are both linked to an increased risk in cardiovascular-metabolic diseases and earlier mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the causes and develop new treatments for these conditions that affect millions of men. The accelerating advancement in gene editing and delivery technologies promises improvements in both diagnosis as well as affording the opportunity to develop bespoke treatment options which would both prove beneficial for the millions of individuals afflicted with these reproductive disorders. In this review, we summarise the systems developed and utilised for the delivery of gene therapy and discuss how each of these systems could be applied for the development of a gene therapy system in the testis and how they could be of use for the future diagnosis and repair of common male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Darbey
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lee B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Munetsuna E, Yamada H, Yamazaki M, Ando Y, Mizuno G, Ota T, Hattori Y, Sadamoto N, Suzuki K, Ishikawa H, Hashimoto S, Ohashi K. Maternal fructose intake disturbs ovarian estradiol synthesis in rats. Life Sci 2018; 202:117-123. [PMID: 29654807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent increases in fructose consumption have raised concerns regarding the potential adverse intergenerational effects, as maternal fructose intake may induce physiological dysfunction in offspring. However, no reports are available regarding the effect of excess maternal fructose on reproductive tissues such as the ovary. Notably, the maternal intrauterine environment has been demonstrated to affect ovarian development in the subsequent generation. Given the fructose is transferred to the fetus, excess fructose consumption may affect offspring ovarian development. As ovarian development and its function is maintained by 17β-estradiol, we therefore investigated whether excess maternal fructose intake influences offspring ovarian estradiol synthesis. Rats received a 20% fructose solution during gestation and lactation. After weaning, offspring ovaries were isolated. KEY FINDINGS Offspring from fructose-fed dams showed reduced StAR and P450(17α) mRNA levels, along with decreased protein expression levels. Conversely, attenuated P450arom protein level was found in the absence of mRNA expression alteration. Consistent with these phenomena, decreased circulating levels of estradiol were observed. Furthermore, estrogen receptor α (ERα) protein levels were also down-regulated. In accordance, the mRNA for progesterone receptor, a transcriptional target of ERα, was decreased. These results suggest that maternal fructose might alter ovarian physiology in the subsequent generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takeru Ota
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuji Hattori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nao Sadamoto
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
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Zhang B, Ma W, Zhu Q, Xu W, Gao L, Xu B, Xu S, Gao C, Gao L, Liu J, Cui Y. The SET protein promotes androgen production in testicular Leydig cells. Andrology 2018; 6:478-487. [PMID: 29481720 PMCID: PMC6001814 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 40% of middle‐aged men exhibit symptoms of late‐onset hypogonadism (LOH). However, the mechanism of androgen deficiency is still currently unclear. As shown in our previous studies, the SET protein is expressed in testicular Leydig cells and ovarian granule cells. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the SET protein on androgen production in Leydig cells. The AdCMV/SET and AdH1siRNA/SET adenoviruses were individually transduced into a cultured mouse Leydig cell line (mLTC‐1) with or without human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation in vitro. The primary mouse Leydig cells were used to confirm the main data from mLTC‐1 cells. The SET protein was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of mLTC‐1 cells. Testosterone production was significantly increased in mLTC‐1 cells overexpressing the SET protein compared with the control group (p < 0.05), whereas testosterone production was significantly decreased in the SET knockdown mLTC‐1 cells (p < 0.05). Consistent with the testosterone levels, the expression levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and cytochrome P450c17α‐hydroxylase (CYP17a1) mRNAs and proteins synchronously changed according to the expression level of the SET protein. Interestingly, the expression of the SET protein was significantly increased in the mLTC‐1 cells stimulated with 0.04 and 0.1 U/mL hCG. In the mLTC‐1 cells transfected with AdH1siRNA/SET and concurrently stimulated with 0.1 U/mL hCG, both testosterone production and StAR expression were significantly lower than in the cells without SET knockdown (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the SET protein participates in regulating testosterone production by increasing the expression of StAR and CYP17a1, and it may be a downstream factor of the classic luteinizing hormone (LH)/luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) signaling pathway. This study improves our understanding of the intracellular mechanism of testicular steroidogenesis and the pathophysiological mechanism of LOH in the aging male.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - B Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Joshi D, Singh SK. The neuropeptide orexin A - search for its possible role in regulation of steroidogenesis in adult mice testes. Andrology 2018; 6:465-477. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Joshi
- Department of Zoology; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - S. K. Singh
- Department of Zoology; Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
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Yu Y, Han Y, Niu R, Wang J, Manthari RK, Ommati MM, Sun Z. Ameliorative Effect of VE, IGF-I, and hCG on the Fluoride-Induced Testosterone Release Suppression in Mice Leydig Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:95-103. [PMID: 28462439 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of fluoride (F) through drinking, eating, and/or environmental contaminants induces chronic toxicity known as fluorosis. Our previous research has shown that fluorosis was associated with male reproductive disorders. The current study is designed to explain the protective effect of vitamin E (VE), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) against natrium fluoride (NaF)-induced alterations in isolated Leydig cells (LCs). These NaF-induced alterations include decreased cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, and relative gene expression. Isolated LCs were incubated with NaF (0, 5, 20 mg/L) and/or 10 μg/ml VE, 100 ng/ml IGF-I, and 100 IU/ml hCG. NaF-treated cells' ability to secrete testosterone (T) was significantly less than other treated groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, in NaF-treated cells, there was a significant upregulation of certain relative mRNA expressions such as Star and Cyp11a, as well as significantly less cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). These data clearly show that VE, IGF-1, and hCG have a protective effect in the LCs functions. Taken together, the final results of this study shown herein are consistent with the assumption that VE, IGF-I, and hCG volunteered ameliorative effects against the deleterious effects of NaF through their protective activity. Although it is hypothesized that ameliorative effects might have been involved, the fundamental pathway(s) remain(s) to be illuminated. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao JL, Zhao YY, Zhu WJ. A high-fat, high-protein diet attenuates the negative impact of casein-induced chronic inflammation on testicular steroidogenesis and sperm parameters in adult mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 252:48-59. [PMID: 28743557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between obesity and chronic inflammation has been studied. Diet-induced obesity or chronic inflammation could reduce the testicular functions of males. However, the mechanism underlying the reproductive effects of fattening foods in males with or without chronic inflammation still needs further discussion. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat, high-protein diet on testicular steroidogenesis and sperm parameters in adult mice under physiological and chronic inflammatory conditions. Because casein can trigger a non-infectious systemic inflammatory response, we used casein injection to induce chronic inflammation in male adult Kunming mice. Twenty-four mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups: (i) normal diet+saline (Control); (ii) normal diet+casein (ND+CS); (iii) high-fat, high-protein diet+saline (HFPD+SI); (iv) high-fat, high-protein diet+casein (HFPD+CS). After 8weeks, there was a significant increase in body weight for groups HFPD+SI and HFPD+CS and a decrease in group ND+CS compared with the control. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and lipid profiles were increased markedly in groups ND+CS, HFPD+SI and HFPD+CS compared with the control. A remarkable reduction of serum adiponectin level occurred in group HFPD+CS compared with group ND+CS. Sperm parameters (sperm count, viability and abnormality) were also adversely affected in groups ND+CS and HFPD+SI. Groups ND+CS and HFPD+SI showed severe pathological changes in testicular tissues. Semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining also showed significant reductions in both testicular mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) in groups HFPD+SI and HFPD+CS compared with the control, whereas testicular mRNA and protein levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in groups HFPD+SI and HFPD+CS significantly increased. The mRNA and protein levels of the StAR and 3β-HSD in group HFPD+CS were both higher than those of in group ND+CS. These results indicated that Kunming male mice with high-fat, high-protein diet and casein injection for 8weeks can be used to establish a diet-induced obesity and chronic systemic inflammation. The sperm parameters in groups ND+CS and HFPD+SI decreased accompanied by pathological changes of testicular tissue. This resultant effect of reduced serum testosterone levels was associated with the overproduction of TNF-α and IL-10 and down-regulation of StAR and CYP11A1. Under the same casein-induced chronic inflammation condition, the mice with high-fat, high-protein diet had better testicular steroidogenesis activity and sperm parameters compared with the mice in normal diet, indicating that the mice with casein-induced inflammatory injury consuming a high-fat, high-protein diet gained weight normally, reduced serum adiponectin level and increased testosterone production by an upregulation of 3β-HSD expression. High-fat, high-protein diet attenuated the negative impact of casein-induced chronic inflammation on testicular steroidogenesis and sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lu Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Yun Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Hunan, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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42
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Sarkar D, Singh SK. Effect of neonatal hypothyroidism on prepubertal mouse testis in relation to thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (THRα1). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 251:109-120. [PMID: 27519547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important for growth and development of many tissues, and altered thyroid status affects various organs and systems. Testis also is considered as a thyroid hormone responsive organ. Though THs play an important role in regulation of testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, the exact mechanism of this regulation remains poorly understood. The present study, therefore, is designed to examine the effect of neonatal hypothyroidism on prepubertal Parkes (P) strain mice testis in relation to thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (THRα1). Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in mother's drinking water from birth to day 28; on postnatal day (PND) 21 only pups, and on PND 28, both pups and lactating dams were euthanized. Serum T3 and T4 were markedly reduced in pups at PND 28 and in lactating mothers, while serum and intra-testicular testosterone levels were considerably decreased in pups of both age groups. Further, serum and intra-testicular levels of estrogen were significantly increased in hypothyroid mice at PND 28 with concomitant increase in CYP19 expression. Histologically, marked changes were noticed in testes of PTU-treated mice; immunohistochemical and western blot analyses of testes in treated mice also revealed marked decrease in the expression of THRα1 at both age groups. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses also showed reductions in both testicular mRNA and protein levels of SF-1, StAR, CYP11A1 and 3β-HSD in these mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that neonatal hypothyroidism alters localization and expression of THRα1 and impairs testicular steroidogenesis by down-regulating the expression SF-1, thereby affecting spermatogenesis in prepubertal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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43
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Malhotra SS, Gupta SK. Relevance of the NR4A sub-family of nuclear orphan receptors in trophoblastic BeWo cell differentiation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:15. [PMID: 28808448 PMCID: PMC5550994 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nur-77, a member of the NR4A sub-family of nuclear orphan receptors, is downregulated in the placentae of pre-eclamptic women. Here, we investigate the relevance of Nor-1, Nurr-1 and Nur-77 in trophoblastic cell differentiation. Their transcript levels were found to be significantly upregulated in BeWo cells treated with forskolin. The maximum increase was observed after 2 h, with a second peak in the expression levels after 48 h. The expression of NR4A sub-family members was also found to be upregulated in BeWo cells after treatment with hCG and GnRH. A similar significant increase was observed at the respective protein levels after 2 and 48 h of treatment with forskolin, hCG or GnRH. Silencing Nor-1, Nurr-1 or Nur-77 individually did not show any effect on forskolin-, hCG- and/or GnRH-mediated BeWo cell fusion and/or hCG secretion. After silencing any one member of the NR4A sub-family, an increase in the transcript levels of the other sub-family members was observed, indicating a compensatory effect due to their functional redundancy. Simultaneously silencing all three NR4A sub-family members significantly downregulated forskolin- and hCG-mediated BeWo cell fusion and/or hCG secretion. However, a considerable amount of cell death occurred after forskolin or hCG treatment as compared to the control siRNA-transfected cells. These results suggest that the NR4A sub-family of nuclear orphan receptors has a role in trophoblastic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Saryu Malhotra
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, -110 067 India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, -110 067 India
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Park HJ, Chae SK, Kim JW, Yang SG, Jung JM, Kim MJ, Wee G, Lee DS, Kim SU, Koo DB. Ganglioside GM3 induces cumulus cell apoptosis through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathways during in vitro maturation of pig oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:702-711. [PMID: 28585705 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are components of the mammalian plasma membrane that help regulate receptor signaling. Ganglioside GM3, for example, plays an important role in initiating apoptosis in cancer cells; however, physiological roles for GM3 in normal processes, such as during pig oocyte maturation, are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional link between GM3 and cellular apoptosis in porcine cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) during in vitro maturation. Our results indicated that denuded oocytes possess less ST3GAL5, a GM3-synthesizing enzyme, than cumulus cells or COCs after 44 hr of in vitro maturation. GM3 also affected the meiotic maturation of cultured pig oocytes, as evaluated by orcein staining. In vitro treatment of COCs with exogenous GM3 also reduced cumulus cell expansion, the proportion of meiotic maturation, and increased cumulus cell transcription of PTX3, TNFAIP6, and HAS2. Interestingly, GM3 treatment reduced the expression of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling proteins in COCs in a concentration-dependent manner, instead increasing the abundance of pro-apoptotic factors such as AIF, activated Caspase 9, cleaved PARP1, and Caspase 3 were. Thus, GM3 might affect porcine oocyte maturation via suppression of EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling and/or induction of apoptosis during in vitro maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Chae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Maria Fertility Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabbine Wee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Zou L, Su L, Sun Y, Han A, Chang X, Zhu A, Liu F, Li J, Sun Y. Nickel sulfate induced apoptosis via activating ROS-dependent mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in rat Leydig cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1918-1926. [PMID: 28296042 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nickel can induce apoptosis of testicular Leydig cells in mice, whereas the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of nickel-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) mediated apoptosis pathways in rat Leydig cells. Fluorescent DCF and Annexin-V FITC/PI staining were performed to measure the production of ROS and apoptosis in Leydig cells. RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to analyze the key genes and proteins involved in mitochondria and ERS apoptotic pathways. The results showed that nickel sulfate induced ROS generation, consequently resulted in nucleolus deformation and apoptosis in testicular Leydig cells, which were then attenuated by ROS inhibitors of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO). Nickel sulfate-triggered Leydig cells apoptosis via mitochondria and ERS pathways was characterized by the upregulated mRNA and proteins expression of Bak, cytochrome c, caspase 9, caspase 3, GRP78, GADD153, and caspase 12, which were inhibited by NAC and TEMPO respectively. The findings indicated that nickel-induced ROS generation was involved in apoptosis via mitochondria and ERS pathways in rat Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Aijie Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yingbiao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Sulforaphane Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Testicular Cell Death via Activation of NRF2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5374897. [PMID: 28191275 PMCID: PMC5278228 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5374897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although angiotensin II (Ang II) was reported to facilitate sperm motility and intratesticular sperm transport, recent findings shed light on the efficacy of Ang II in stimulating inflammatory events in testicular peritubular cells, effect of which may play a role in male infertility. It is still unknown whether Ang II can induce testicular apoptotic cell death, which may be a more direct action of Ang II in male infertility. Therefore, the present study aims to determine whether Ang II can induce testicular apoptotic cell death and whether this action can be prevented by sulforaphane (SFN) via activating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), the governor of antioxidant-redox signalling. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and Nrf2 gene knockout mice were treated with Ang II, in the presence or absence of SFN. In WT mice, SFN activated testicular NRF2 expression and function, along with a marked attenuation in Ang II-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptotic cell death. Deletion of the Nrf2 gene led to a complete abolishment of these efficacies of SFN. The present study indicated that Ang II may result in testicular apoptotic cell death, which can be prevented by SFN via the activation of NRF2.
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Roles of Grp78 in Female Mammalian Reproduction. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 222:129-155. [PMID: 28389754 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51409-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) also referred to as immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (Bip) is one of the best characterized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone proteins, which belongs to the heat-shock protein (HSP) family. GRP78 as a central regulator of ER stress (ERS) plays many important roles in cell survival and apoptosis through controlling the activation of transmembrane ERS sensors: PKR-like ER-associated kinase (PERK), inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Many studies have reported that GRP78 is involved in the physiological and pathological process in female reproduction, including follicular development, corpus luteum (CL), oviduct, uterus, embryo, preimplantation development, implantation/decidualization, and the placenta. The present review summarizes the biological or pathological roles and signaling mechanisms of GRP78 during the reproductive processes. Further study on the functions and mechanisms of GRP78 may provide new insight into mammalian reproduction, which not only enhance the understanding of the physiological roles but also support therapy target against infertility.
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Sarkar D, Chowdhury JP, Singh SK. Effect of polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis through altered thyroid status in adult mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:50-61. [PMID: 26602377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been widely used in many products to minimize the risk of fire, mainly by mixing in polymer products. BDE-209, a congener of PBDEs having structural similarity with thyroid hormones, acts as an endocrine disruptor by interfering with thyroid homeostasis. However, little is known about the effect of BDE-209 exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study was therefore conducted in adult mice to examine the effect of BDE-209 on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in relation to thyroid status, and to explore possible mechanism(s) of its action. Adult Parkes strain male mice were orally gavaged with 750 and 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 in corn oil for 35days. Significant reductions were noted in the levels of serum total T3, T4 and testosterone in mice treated with 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 compared to controls; histologically, testes showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same section; further, number and viability of spermatozoa were also adversely affected in cauda epididymidis of these mice. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses also showed significant reductions in both testicular mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in 950mg dose treated-mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses further revealed a marked decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in testes of 950mg dose of BDE-209-treated mice. However, 750mg dose of BDE-209 had no effect on the above parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure of BDE-209 to adult mice causes reduction in serum levels of thyroid hormones and altered thyroid status may partly result into impairment of testicular steroidogenesis because of down-regulated expression of SF-1, thereby causing suppression of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Yang D, Wang L, Lin P, Jiang T, Wang N, Zhao F, Chen H, Tang K, Zhou D, Wang A, Jin Y. An immortalized steroidogenic goat granulosa cell line as a model system to study the effect of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress response on steroidogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:27-36. [PMID: 27746409 PMCID: PMC5320427 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With granulosa and theca cells, the ovaries are responsible for producing oocytes and secreting sex steroids such as estrogen and progesterone. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in follicle atresia and embryo implantation. In this study, goat granulosa cells were isolated from medium-sized (4-6 mm) healthy follicles. Primary granulosa cells were immortalized by transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to establish a goat granulosa cell line (hTERT-GGCs). These hTERT-GGCs expressed hTERT and had relatively long telomeres at passage 50. Furthermore, hTERT-GGCs expressed the gonadotropin receptor genes CYP11A1, StAR, and CYP19A1, which are involved in steroidogenesis. Additionally, progesterone was detectable in hTERT-GGCs. Although the proliferation potential of hTERT-GGCs significantly improved, there was no evidence to suggest that the hTERT-GGCs are tumorigenic. In addition, thapsigargin (Tg) treatment led to a significant dose-dependent decrease in progesterone concentration and steroidogenic enzyme expression. In summary, we successfully generated a stable goat granulosa cell line. We found that Tg induced ERS in hTERT-GGCs, which reduced progesterone production and steroidogenic enzyme expression. Future studies may benefit from using this cell line as a model to explore the molecular mechanisms regulating steroidogenesis and apoptosis in goat granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Xiong Y, Li W, Lin P, Wang L, Wang N, Chen F, Li X, Wang A, Jin Y. Expression and regulation of ATF6α in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:65. [PMID: 27717400 PMCID: PMC5055674 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATF6α, one of the sensor proteins in the stress signaling pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum, is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. To date, the physiological function of ATF6α in the process of embryo implantation has not been reported. METHODS In this study, the expression pattern of ATF6α in the mouse uterus during peri-implantation and the estrous cycle was detected by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ATF6α mRNA and protein levels were higher in the uterus near the implantation site on day 5 and were intensely expressed in the secondary decidual zone (SDZ) on days 7-8. In the uteri of pseudopregnant mice, ATF6α mRNA and protein levels were lower on day 5 than on other days. The activating blastocyst and artificial decidualization had an obvious effect of increasing the expression of ATF6α. In addition, the expression of ATF6α was affected by progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) in ovariectomized mice. This finding is further supported by evidence from mice during the estrous cycle. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we have concluded that ATF6α may play an important role during embryo implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Fenglei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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