1
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Wang J, Yang Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Zhao X, Jia R, Dai Y. Long noncoding RNA XIST inhibition promotes Leydig cell apoptosis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-145a-5p that targets SIRT1 in late-onset hypogonadism. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:285-297. [PMID: 38353742 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Leydig cell (LCs) apoptosis is responsible for decreased serum testosterone levels during late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). Our study was designed to illustrate the regulatory effect of lncRNA XIST on LCs and to clarify its molecular mechanism of action in LOH. The Leydig cells (TM3) was treated by 300 μM H2O2 for 8 h to establish Leydig cell oxidative stress model in vitro. The expression levels of lncRNA XIST in the testicular tissues of patients with LOH were measured using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The interaction between lncRNA XIST/SIRT1 and miR-145a-5p was assessed using starBase and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. Apoptotic cells and Caspase3 activity were determined by flow cytometry (FCM) assay. Testosterone concentration was determined by ELISA. Moreover, histological assessment of testicles in mice was performed by using HE staining and the TUNEL assay was used to determine apoptosis. We found that the lncRNA XIST was downregulated in the testicular tissues of LOH patients and mice and in H2O2-induced TM3 cells. XIST siRNA significantly promoted apoptosis, enhanced Caspase3 activity and reduced testosterone levels in H2O2-stimulated TM3 cells. Further studies showed that the miR-145a-5p inhibitor reversed the effect of XIST-siRNA on H2O2-induced Leydig cell apoptosis. MiR-145a-5p negatively regulated SIRT1 expression, and SIRT1-siRNA reversed the effects of the miR-145a-5p inhibitor on H2O2 stimulated TM3 cells. The in vivo experiments indicated that silencing of the lncRNA XIST aggravated LOH symptoms in mice. Inhibition of lncRNA XIST induces Leydig cell apoptosis through the miR-145a-5p/SIRT1 axis in the progression of LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210006, China
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yiqiong Yang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yutian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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TRPV1 activation induces cell death of TM3 mouse Leydig cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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3
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Antioxidative Activity of Soy, Wheat and Pea Protein Isolates Characterized by Multi-Enzyme Hydrolysis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061509. [PMID: 34200422 PMCID: PMC8227270 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of protein by proteases produces small molecular weights (MWs) peptides as nanomaterials that are easily absorbed. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of three plant protein isolates (PIs) including soy, wheat and pea after multi-enzyme hydrolysis. The MWs, particle size and microstructure of PI hydrolysate (PIH) were determined by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Cell viability was determined in vitro using a mouse skeletal muscle cell line (C2C12) and crystal violet staining. The MWs and particle sizes of the three plant PIs were reduced after hydrolysis by three proteases (bromelain, Neutrase and Flavourzyme). The MWs of soy, wheat and pea PIH were 103.5–383.0 Da, 103.5–1146.5 Da and 103.1–1937.7 Da, respectively, and particle size distributions of 1.9–2.0 nm, 3.2–5.6 nm and 1.3–3.2 nm, respectively. All three plant PIHs appeared as aggregated nanoparticles. Soy PIH (100 μg/mL) provided better protection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage to C2C12 than wheat or pea PIH. In summary, soy PIH had the best antioxidant activity, and particle size than wheat PIH and pea PIH. Therefore, soy PIH might be a dietary supplement for healthy diet and medical applications.
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Schüler SC, Kirkpatrick JM, Schmidt M, Santinha D, Koch P, Di Sanzo S, Cirri E, Hemberg M, Ori A, von Maltzahn J. Extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix during aging contributes to age-dependent impairments of muscle stem cell functionality. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109223. [PMID: 34107247 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle decreases due to intrinsic changes in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and alterations in their niche. Here, we use quantitative mass spectrometry to characterize intrinsic changes in the MuSC proteome and remodeling of the MuSC niche during aging. We generate a network connecting age-affected ligands located in the niche and cell surface receptors on MuSCs. Thereby, we reveal signaling by integrins, Lrp1, Egfr, and Cd44 as the major cell communication axes perturbed through aging. We investigate the effect of Smoc2, a secreted protein that accumulates with aging, primarily originating from fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Increased levels of Smoc2 contribute to the aberrant Integrin beta-1 (Itgb1)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling observed during aging, thereby causing impaired MuSC functionality and muscle regeneration. By connecting changes in the proteome of MuSCs to alterations of their niche, our work will enable a better understanding of how MuSCs are affected during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja C Schüler
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Joanna M Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Manuel Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Deolinda Santinha
- Faculty of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Philipp Koch
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Simone Di Sanzo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Emilio Cirri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Pronsato L, Milanesi L, Vasconsuelo A. Testosterone induces up-regulation of mitochondrial gene expression in murine C2C12 skeletal muscle cells accompanied by an increase of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and its downstream effectors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110631. [PMID: 31676390 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in muscle mass and strength with age, sarcopenia, is a prevalent condition among the elderly, linked to skeletal muscle dysfunction and cell apoptosis. We demonstrated that testosterone protects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells. Here, we analyzed the effect of testosterone on mitochondrial gene expression in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. We found that testosterone increases mRNA expression of genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA, such as NADPH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1), subunit 4 (ND4), cytochrome b (CytB), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) and subunit 2 (Cox2) in C2C12. Additionally, the hormone induced the expression of the nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (Nrf-1 and Nrf-2), the mitochondrial transcription factors A (Tfam) and B2 (TFB2M), and the optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). The simultaneous treatment with testosterone and the androgen receptor antagonist, Flutamide, reduced these effects. H2O2-oxidative stress induced treatment, significantly decreased mitochondrial gene expression. Computational analysis revealed that mitochondrial DNA contains specific sequences, which the androgen receptor could recognize and bind, probably taking place a direct regulation of mitochondrial transcription by the receptor. These findings indicate that androgen plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial transcription and biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pronsato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Milanesi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Vasconsuelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Ren Y, Li Y, Lv J, Guo X, Zhang J, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Xue Z, Yang G, Xi Q, Liu H, Liu Z, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yao Z, Zhang R, Da Y. Parthenolide regulates oxidative stress-induced mitophagy and suppresses apoptosis through p53 signaling pathway in C2C12 myoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15695-15708. [PMID: 31144365 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle redox disturbances and oxidative stress have emerged as a common pathogenetic mechanism and potential therapeutic intervention in some muscle diseases. Parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone found in large amounts in the leaves of feverfew, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-migraine, and anticancer properties. Although PTL was reported to alleviate cancer cachexia and improve skeletal muscle characteristics in a cancer cachexia model, its actions on oxidative stress-induced damage in C2C12 myoblasts have not been reported and the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been defined. In our study, PTL attenuated H2 O2 -induced growth inhibition and morphological changes. Furthermore, PTL exhibited scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species and protected C2C12 cells from apoptosis in response to H2 O2 . Meanwhile, PTL suppressed collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby contributing to normalizing H2 O2 -induced autophagy flux and mitophagy, correlating with inhibiting degradation of mitochondrial marker protein TIM23, the increase in LC3-II expression and the reduction of mitochondria DNA. Besides its protective effect on mitochondria, PTL also prevented H2 O2 -induced lysosomes damage in C2C12 cells. In addition, the phosphorylation of p53, cathepsin B, and Bax/Bcl-2 protein levels, and the translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria induced by H2 O2 in C2C12 cells was significantly reduced by PTL. In conclusion, PTL modulates oxidative stress-induced mitophagy and protects C2C12 myoblasts against apoptosis, suggesting a potential protective effect against oxidative stress-associated skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Ren
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jienv Lv
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Hexi Women & Children Healthcare and Family Planning Service Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieyou Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Xue
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangze Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Xi
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongkun Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehan Liu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, ITCWM Hospital, Tianjin University Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Da
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Musso F, Lincor D, Vasconsuelo A, Pronsato L, Faraoni B, Milanesi L. Adverse Effects in Skeletal Muscle Following the Medicinal Use of Nicotiana glauca. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:671-679. [PMID: 31061309 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotiana glauca is a cosmopolitan shrub, used in medicine to treat swellings, wounds, sores and cancer. However, its users lack of knowledge of the adverse effects. We seek to evaluate the effects of lipid extracts from N. glauca on myoblasts, identifying the compounds which cause undesirable effects. Myoblasts are important in muscle homeostasis, thus a high death rate of them cause myopathies. We performed an ethanolic extraction from leaves of N. glauca and the extract was successively partitioned with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The effects of extracts in C2C12 cells were analysed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL), Mitotracker and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays. Caspase activity was studied. The fraction with the highest apoptotic effects was analysed by chromatography, NMR and GC-MS spectrometry were used to identify the apoptotic agent, after which its biological activity was evaluated. The extracts from N. glauca induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells involving caspase-3/7. We found that the extracts trigger a defence response in muscle through Akt and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). We identified an apoptotic agent as palmitic acid. These data suggest that the use of N. glauca in hormone replacement therapy, or in other therapies affects skeletal muscle homeostasis, worsening the negative effects of the menopause. Thus, the relevance of this work lies in the fact that it is the first time that a report about the molecular mechanism responsible for the side effects of medicinal use of N. glauca, has been shown. Moreover the compound responsible for these effects has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Musso
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET
| | - Darío Lincor
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET
| | - Andrea Vasconsuelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET
| | - Lucía Pronsato
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET
| | - Belén Faraoni
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET
| | - Lorena Milanesi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET
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8
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Heo JW, Yoo SZ, No MH, Park DH, Kang JH, Kim TW, Kim CJ, Seo DY, Han J, Yoon JH, Jung SJ, Kwak HB. Exercise Training Attenuates Obesity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Remodeling and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in the Skeletal Muscle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102301. [PMID: 30347719 PMCID: PMC6210945 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the induction of skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Exercise has been reported as a positive regulator of skeletal muscle remodeling and apoptosis. However, the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in obese skeletal muscles have not been clearly elucidated. Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control (CON), control plus exercise (CON + EX), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus exercise groups (HFD + EX). After obesity was induced by 20 weeks of 60% HFD feeding, treadmill exercise was performed for 12 weeks. Exercise ameliorated the obesity-induced increase in extramyocyte space and a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle. In addition, it protected against increases in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in obese skeletal muscles. These results suggest that exercise as a protective intervention plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle structure and apoptosis in obese skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Heo
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Su-Zi Yoo
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Mi-Hyun No
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dae-Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Kinesiology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea.
| | - Su-Jeen Jung
- Department of Leisure Sports, Seoil University, Seoul 02192, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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9
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Pronsato L, Milanesi L, Vasconsuelo A, La Colla A. Testosterone modulates FoxO3a and p53-related genes to protect C2C12 skeletal muscle cells against apoptosis. Steroids 2017; 124:35-45. [PMID: 28554727 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, sarcopenia, is a prevalent condition among the elderly, associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction and enhanced muscle cell apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that testosterone protects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells, at different levels: morphological, biochemical and molecular. Since we have observed that testosterone reduces p-p53 and maintains the inactive state of FoxO3a transcription factor, induced by H2O2, we analyzed if the hormone was exerting its antiapoptotic effect at transcriptional level, by modulating pro and antiapoptotic genes associated to them. We detected the upregulation of the proapoptotic genes Puma, PERP and Bim, and MDM2 in response to H2O2 at different periods of the apoptotic process, and the downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2, whereas testosterone was able to modulate and counteract H2O2 effects. Furthermore, ERK and JNK kinases have been demonstrated to be linked to FoxO3a phosphorylation and thus its subcellular distribution. This work show some transcription level components, upstream of the classical apoptotic pathway, that are activated during oxidative stress and that are points where testosterone exerts its protective action against apoptosis, exposing some of the puzzle pieces of the intricate network that aged skeletal muscle apoptosis represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pronsato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR CONICET-UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lorena Milanesi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR CONICET-UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Vasconsuelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR CONICET-UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Anabela La Colla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR CONICET-UNS), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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10
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Gheller BJF, Riddle ES, Lem MR, Thalacker-Mercer AE. Understanding Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Differences Between Females and Males. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 36:129-56. [PMID: 27431365 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ system in the human body. As such, metabolic dysfunction occurring in skeletal muscle impacts whole-body nutrient homeostasis. Macronutrient metabolism changes within the skeletal muscle with aging, and these changes are associated in part with age-related skeletal muscle remodeling. Moreover, age-related changes in skeletal muscle metabolism are affected differentially between males and females and are likely driven by changes in sex hormones. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors impact observed age-related changes and sex-related differences in skeletal muscle metabolism. Despite some support for sex-specific differences in skeletal muscle metabolism with aging, more research is necessary to identify underlying differences in mechanisms. Understanding sex-specific aging skeletal muscle will assist with the development of therapies to attenuate adverse metabolic and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J F Gheller
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Emily S Riddle
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Melinda R Lem
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
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Maurya AK, Vinayak M. PI-103 attenuates PI3K-AKT signaling and induces apoptosis in murineT-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1153-1161. [PMID: 27658642 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1225207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of PI3K-AKT signaling in many pathological conditions including cancer has attracted much of interest for drug targeting. Various isoforms are known from three classes of PI3K. Targeting selective isoform is advantageous to overcome the global deleterious effects of drug. PI-103 is a specific inhibitor of p110α of class I PI3K. The present study is aimed to analyze anti-carcinogenic activity of PI-103 in Dalton's lymphoma ascite (DLA) cells. Result shows regression in cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in terms of increased Annexin V binding, nuclear fragmentation and active caspase 3 level. It is correlated with attenuation of PI3K-AKT signaling by PI-103 via downregulation of the level of p110α, phospho-p85α, phospho- AKT, and PKCα in DLA cells as well as in H2O2 induced DLA cells. Additionally, ROS accumulation is declined in H2O2 induced DLA cells. Overall result suggests that PI-103 attenuates PI3K-AKT signaling via induction of apoptosis in murine T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilendra Kumar Maurya
- a Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- a Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
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12
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Maurya AK, Vinayak M. PI-103 and Quercetin Attenuate PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway in T- Cell Lymphoma Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160686. [PMID: 27494022 PMCID: PMC4975451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway has been considered as major drug target site due to its frequent activation in cancer. AKT regulates the activity of various targets to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to oxidative stress and regulation of signaling pathways for metabolic adaptation of tumor microenvironment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in this context is used as ROS source for oxidative stress preconditioning. Antioxidants are commonly considered to be beneficial to reduce detrimental effects of ROS and are recommended as dietary supplements. Quercetin, a ubiquitous bioactive flavonoid is a dietary component which has attracted much of interest due to its potential health-promoting effects. Present study is aimed to analyze PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in H2O2 exposed Dalton's lymphoma ascite (DLA) cells. Further, regulation of PI3K-AKT pathway by quercetin as well as PI-103, an inhibitor of PI3K was analyzed. Exposure of H2O2 (1mM H2O2 for 30min) to DLA cells caused ROS accumulation and resulted in increased phosphorylation of PI3K and downstream proteins PDK1 and AKT (Ser-473 and Thr-308), cell survival factors BAD and ERK1/2, as well as TNFR1. However, level of tumor suppressor PTEN was declined. Both PI-103 & quercetin suppressed the enhanced level of ROS and significantly down-regulated phosphorylation of AKT, PDK1, BAD and level of TNFR1 as well as increased the level of PTEN in H2O2 induced lymphoma cells. The overall result suggests that quercetin and PI3K inhibitor PI-103 attenuate PI3K-AKT pathway in a similar mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilendra Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
- * E-mail:
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La Colla A, Vasconsuelo A, Milanesi L, Pronsato L. 17β-Estradiol Protects Skeletal Myoblasts From Apoptosis Through p53, Bcl-2, and FoxO Families. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:104-115. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wu J, Hadoke PWF, Takov K, Korczak A, Denvir MA, Smith LB. Influence of Androgen Receptor in Vascular Cells on Reperfusion following Hindlimb Ischaemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154987. [PMID: 27159530 PMCID: PMC4861284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Studies in global androgen receptor knockout (G-ARKO) and orchidectomised mice suggest that androgen accelerates reperfusion of the ischaemic hindlimb by stimulating angiogenesis. This investigation used novel, vascular cell-specific ARKO mice to address the hypothesis that the impaired hindlimb reperfusion in G-ARKO mice was due to loss of AR from cells in the vascular wall. Methods and Results Mice with selective deletion of AR (ARKO) from vascular smooth muscle cells (SM-ARKO), endothelial cells (VE-ARKO), or both (SM/VE-ARKO) were compared with wild type (WT) controls. Hindlimb ischaemia was induced in these mice by ligation and removal of the femoral artery. Post-operative reperfusion was reduced in SM-ARKO and SM/VE-ARKO mice. Immunohistochemistry indicated that this was accompanied by a reduced density of smooth muscle actin-positive vessels but no change in the density of isolectin B4-positive vessels in the gastrocnemius muscle. Deletion of AR from the endothelium (VE-ARKO) did not alter post-operative reperfusion or vessel density. In an ex vivo (aortic ring culture) model of angiogenesis, AR was not detected in vascular outgrowths and angiogenesis was not altered by vascular ARKO or by exposure to dihydrotestosterone (DHT 10−10–10-7M; 6 days). Conclusion These results suggest that loss of AR from vascular smooth muscle, but not from the endothelium, contributes to impaired reperfusion in the ischaemic hindlimb of G-ARKO. Impaired reperfusion was associated with reduced collateral formation rather than reduced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Wu
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick W. F. Hadoke
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Korczak
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Denvir
- University/ BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Pronsato L, Milanesi L. Effect of testosterone on the regulation of p53 and p66Shc during oxidative stress damage in C2C12 cells. Steroids 2016; 106:41-54. [PMID: 26703444 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that apoptosis is activated in the aged skeletal muscle, contributing to sarcopenia. We have previously demonstrated that testosterone protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells, at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. In the present study we observed that H2O2 induces the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and exerts p53 activation in a time-dependent way, with a maximum response after 1-2h of treatment. Testosterone treatment, prior to H2O2, reduces not only p53 phosphorylation but also p66Shc expression, activation and its mitochondrial localization, at the same time that it prevents the mPTP opening. Furthermore, testosterone diminishes JNK and PKCβI phosphorylation induced by H2O2 and probably contributing thus, to reduce the activation of p66Shc. Thus, the mPTP opening, p53, JNK and PKCβI activation, as well as p66Shc mRNA increase, induced by oxidative stress, were reduced by testosterone pretreatment. The data presented in this work show some of the components upstream of the classical apoptotic pathway, that are activated during oxidative stress and that are points where testosterone exerts its protective action against apoptosis, exposing some of the puzzle pieces of the intricate network that aged skeletal muscle apoptosis represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pronsato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lorena Milanesi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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La Colla A, Boland R, Vasconsuelo A. 17β-Estradiol Abrogates Apoptosis Inhibiting PKCδ, JNK, and p66Shc Activation in C2C12 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1454-65. [PMID: 25649128 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) protects several non-reproductive tissues from apoptosis, including skeletal muscle. Previously, we showed that E2 at physiological concentrations prevented apoptosis induced by H2O2 in skeletal myoblasts. As we have also demonstrated a clear beneficial action of this hormone on skeletal muscle mitochondria, the present work further characterizes the signaling mechanisms modulated by E2 that are involved in mitochondria protection, which ultimately result in antiapoptosis. Here, we report that E2 through estrogen receptors (ERs) inhibited the H2O2-induced PKCδ and JNK activation, which results in the inhibition of phosphorylation and translocation to mitochondria of the adaptor protein p66Shc. In conjunction, the inhibition by the hormone of this H2O2-triggered signaling pathway results in protection of mitochondrial potential membrane. Our results provide basis for a putative mechanism by which E2 exerts beneficial effects on mitochondria, against oxidative stress, in skeletal muscle cells.
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Fietz D, Markmann M, Lang D, Konrad L, Geyer J, Kliesch S, Chakraborty T, Hossain H, Bergmann M. Transfection of Sertoli cells with androgen receptor alters gene expression without androgen stimulation. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:23. [PMID: 26715186 PMCID: PMC4696255 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgens play an important role for the development of male fertility and gained interest as growth and survival factors for certain types of cancer. Androgens act via the androgen receptor (AR/Ar), which is involved in various cell biological processes such as sex differentiation. To study the functional mechanisms of androgen action, cell culture systems and AR-transfected cell lines are needed. Transfection of AR into cell lines and subsequent gene expression analysis after androgen treatment is well established to investigate the molecular biology of target cells. However, it remains unclear how the transfection with AR itself can modulate the gene expression even without androgen stimulation. Therefore, we transfected Ar-deficient rat Sertoli cells 93RS2 by electroporation using a full length human AR. Results Transfection success was confirmed by Western Blotting, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. AR transfection-related gene expression alterations were detected with microarray-based genome-wide expression profiling of transfected and non-transfected 93RS2 cells without androgen stimulation. Microarray analysis revealed 672 differentially regulated genes with 200 up- and 472 down-regulated genes. These genes could be assigned to four major biological categories (development, hormone response, immune response and metabolism). Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis for 22 candidate genes. Conclusion We conclude from our data, that the transfection of Ar-deficient Sertoli cells with AR has a measurable effect on gene expression even without androgen stimulation and cause Sertoli cell damage. Studies using AR-transfected cells, subsequently stimulated, should consider alterations in AR-dependent gene expression as off-target effects of the AR transfection itself. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-015-0051-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fietz
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Markmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - D Lang
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - L Konrad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - J Geyer
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - S Kliesch
- Department of Clinical Andrology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinic Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - T Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - H Hossain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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La Colla A, Pronsato L, Milanesi L, Vasconsuelo A. 17β-Estradiol and testosterone in sarcopenia: Role of satellite cells. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:166-77. [PMID: 26247846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, referred to as sarcopenia, is a prevalent condition among the elderly. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are unclear, evidence suggests that an age-related acceleration of myocyte loss via apoptosis might be responsible for muscle perfomance decline. Interestingly, sarcopenia has been associated to a deficit of sex hormones which decrease upon aging. The skeletal muscle ability to repair and regenerate itself would not be possible without satellite cells, a subpopulation of cells that remain quiescent throughout life. They are activated in response to stress, enabling them to guide skeletal muscle regeneration. Thus, these cells could be a key factor to overcome sarcopenia. Of importance, satellite cells are 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) targets. In this review, we summarize potential mechanisms through which these hormones regulate satellite cells activation during skeletal muscle regeneration in the elderly. The advance in its understanding will help to the development of potential therapeutic agents to alleviate and treat sarcopenia and other related myophaties.
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Tower J. Mitochondrial maintenance failure in aging and role of sexual dimorphism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 576:17-31. [PMID: 25447815 PMCID: PMC4409928 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression changes during aging are partly conserved across species, and suggest that oxidative stress, inflammation and proteotoxicity result from mitochondrial malfunction and abnormal mitochondrial-nuclear signaling. Mitochondrial maintenance failure may result from trade-offs between mitochondrial turnover versus growth and reproduction, sexual antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic conflicts resulting from uni-parental mitochondrial transmission, as well as mitochondrial and nuclear mutations and loss of epigenetic regulation. Aging phenotypes and interventions are often sex-specific, indicating that both male and female sexual differentiation promote mitochondrial failure and aging. Studies in mammals and invertebrates implicate autophagy, apoptosis, AKT, PARP, p53 and FOXO in mediating sex-specific differences in stress resistance and aging. The data support a model where the genes Sxl in Drosophila, sdc-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans, and Xist in mammals regulate mitochondrial maintenance across generations and in aging. Several interventions that increase life span cause a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and UPRmt is also observed during normal aging, indicating hormesis. The UPRmt may increase life span by stimulating mitochondrial turnover through autophagy, and/or by inhibiting the production of hormones and toxic metabolites. The data suggest that metazoan life span interventions may act through a common hormesis mechanism involving liver UPRmt, mitochondrial maintenance and sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, United States.
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Renoud A, Ecochard R, Marchand F, Chapurlat R, Szulc P. Predictive parameters of accelerated muscle loss in men-MINOS study. Am J Med 2014; 127:554-61. [PMID: 24524994 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging-related muscle loss is a public health problem. We investigated the association of lifestyle and hormonal factors with a prospectively assessed muscle loss in older men. METHODS Among 608 home-dwelling men, aged 60-85 (mean 68) years, lifestyle and health status were evaluated through a questionnaire. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and calculated as the sum of lean mass of the 4 limbs. Free testosterone concentration was calculated using concentrations of total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. Longitudinal data were analyzed by hierarchical models. RESULTS Average muscle loss was 0.63 ± 0.05%/year. The results of our multivariable adjusted analyses showed that muscle loss was higher in men whose leisure physical activity was <15 hours/week versus ≥15 hours/week (-0.76 vs -0.57%/year). Age-related acceleration of muscle loss was greater in men with lower total testosterone levels (<10 vs ≥10 nmol/L: -0.10 vs -0.07%/year/year of age at baseline [age]). Men with lower free testosterone (<75 vs ≥75 pmol/L) had greater age-related acceleration of muscle loss (-0.12 vs -0.08%/year/age). Higher parathyroid hormone concentrations were associated with greater age-related acceleration of muscle loss (≥45 vs <45 pg/mL -0.14 vs -0.12%/year/age). Men with type 2 diabetes had higher age-related acceleration of muscle loss versus men without diabetes (-0.08 vs -0.03%/year/age) (All P values are <.05). CONCLUSION In elderly men, low leisure physical activity, type 2 diabetes, low total and free testosterone, and elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations are associated with greater age-related acceleration of muscle loss. These factors are likely to represent real determinants of aging-related muscle loss in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Renoud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - René Ecochard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Lyon, UMR CNRS 5558, Lyon, France
| | | | - Roland Chapurlat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pawel Szulc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Lopes RAM, Neves KB, Pestana CR, Queiroz AL, Zanotto CZ, Chignalia AZ, Valim YM, Silveira LR, Curti C, Tostes RC. Testosterone induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells via extrinsic apoptotic pathway with mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species involvement. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1485-94. [PMID: 24658017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00809.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Considering that testosterone induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS activate cell death signaling pathways, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via mitochondria-dependent ROS generation. Potential mechanisms were addressed. Cultured VSMCs were stimulated with testosterone (10(-7) mol/l) or vehicle (2-12 h) in the presence of flutamide (10(-5) mol/l), CCCP (10(-6) mol/l), mimetic manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP; 3 × 10(-5) mol/l), Z-Ile-Glu(O-ME)-Thr-Asp(O-Me) fluoromethyl ketone (Z-IETD-FMK; 10(-5) mol/l), or vehicle. ROS were determined with lucigenin and dichlorodihydrofluorescein; apoptosis, with annexin V and calcein; O2 consumption, with a Clark-type electrode, and procaspases, caspases, cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels by immunoblotting. Testosterone induced ROS generation (relative light units/mg protein, 2 h; 162.6 ± 16 vs. 100) and procaspase-3 activation [arbitrary units, (AU), 6 h; 166.2 ± 19 vs. 100]. CCCP, MnTMPyP, and flutamide abolished these effects. Testosterone increased annexin-V fluorescence (AU, 197.6 ± 21.5 vs. 100) and decreased calcein fluorescence (AU, 34.4 ± 6.4 vs. 100), and O2 consumption (nmol O2/min, 18.6 ± 2.0 vs. 34.4 ± 3.9). Testosterone also reduced Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio but not cytochrome-c release from mitochondria. Moreover, testosterone (6 h) induced cleavage of procaspase 8 (AU, 161.1 ± 13.5 vs. 100) and increased gene expression of Fas ligand (2(ΔΔCt), 3.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.5), and TNF-α (1.7 ± 0.4 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1). CCCP, MnTMPyP, and flutamide abolished these effects. These data indicate that testosterone induces apoptosis in VSMCs via the extrinsic apoptotic pathway with the involvement of androgen receptor activation and mitochondria-generated ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Bianca Neves
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Cezar Rangel Pestana
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - André Lima Queiroz
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Z Chignalia
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Valim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Basualto-Alarcón C, Varela D, Duran J, Maass R, Estrada M. Sarcopenia and Androgens: A Link between Pathology and Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:217. [PMID: 25566189 PMCID: PMC4270249 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is becoming more prevalent as the lifespan continues to increase in most populations. As sarcopenia is highly disabling, being associated with increased risk of dependence, falls, fractures, weakness, disability, and death, development of approaches to its prevention and treatment are required. Androgens are the main physiologic anabolic steroid hormones and normal testosterone levels are necessary for a range of developmental and biological processes, including maintenance of muscle mass. Testosterone concentrations decline as age increase, suggesting that low plasma testosterone levels can cause or accelerate muscle- and age-related diseases, as sarcopenia. Currently, there is increasing interest on the anabolic properties of testosterone for therapeutic use in muscle diseases including sarcopenia. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this muscle syndrome and its relationship with plasma level of androgens are not completely understood. This review discusses the recent findings regarding sarcopenia, the intrinsic, and extrinsic mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of this disease and the treatment approaches that have been developed based on testosterone deficiency and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Varela
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Duran
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maass
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Morfofunción, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Manuel Estrada, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8389100, Chile e-mail:
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Lezcano V, Gentili C, de Boland AR. Role of PTHrP in human intestinal Caco-2 cell response to oxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2834-2843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Actions of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in the mitochondria and their implications in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:907-17. [PMID: 24041489 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A decline in the mitochondrial functions and aging are two closely related processes. The presence of estrogen and androgen receptors and hormone-responsive elements in the mitochondria represents the starting point for the investigation of the effects of 17β-estradiol and testosterone on the mitochondrial functions and their relationships with aging. Both steroids trigger a complex molecular mechanism that involves crosstalk between the mitochondria, nucleus, and plasma membrane, and the cytoskeleton plays a key role in these interactions. The result of this signaling is mitochondrial protection. Therefore, the molecular components of the pathways activated by the sexual steroids could represent targets for anti-aging therapies. In this review, we discuss previous studies that describe the estrogen- and testosterone-dependent actions on the mitochondrial processes implicated in aging.
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Tomasicchio M, Avenant C, Du Toit A, Ray RM, Hapgood JP. The progestin-only contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate, but not norethisterone acetate, enhances HIV-1 Vpr-mediated apoptosis in human CD4+ T cells through the glucocorticoid receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62895. [PMID: 23658782 PMCID: PMC3643923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates several physiological functions, including immune function and apoptosis. The HIV-1 virus accessory protein, viral protein R (Vpr), can modulate the transcriptional response of the GR. Glucocorticoids (GCs) and Vpr have been reported to induce apoptosis in various cells, including T-cells. We have previously shown that the injectable contraceptive, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a partial to full agonist for the GR, unlike norethisterone acetate (NET-A). We investigated the functional cross talk between the GR and Vpr in inducing apoptosis in CD4(+) T-cells, in the absence and presence of GCs and these progestins, as well as progesterone. By using flow cytometry, we show that, in contrast to NET-A and progesterone, the synthetic GR ligand dexamethasone (Dex), cortisol and MPA induce apoptosis in primary CD4(+) T-cells. Furthermore, the C-terminal part of the Vpr peptide, or HIV-1 pseudovirus, together with Dex or MPA further increased the apoptotic phenotype, unlike NET-A and progesterone. By a combination of Western blotting, PCR and the use of receptor- selective agonists, we provide evidence that the GR and the estrogen receptor are the only steroid receptors expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results, together with the findings that RU486, a GR antagonist, prevents Dex-, MPA- and Vpr-mediated apoptosis, provide evidence for the first time that GR agonists or partial agonists increase apoptosis in primary CD4(+) T-cells via the GR. We show that apoptotic induction involves differential expression of key apoptotic genes by both Vpr and GCs/MPA. This work suggests that contraceptive doses of MPA but not NET-A or physiological doses of progesterone could potentially accelerate depletion of CD4(+) T-cells in a GR-dependent fashion in HIV-1 positive women, thereby contributing to immunodeficiency. The results imply that choice of progestin used in contraception may be critical to susceptibility and progression of diseases such as HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomasicchio
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa
| | - Chanel Avenant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa
| | - Andrea Du Toit
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa
| | - Roslyn M. Ray
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa
| | - Janet P. Hapgood
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa
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La Colla A, Vasconsuelo A, Boland R. Estradiol exerts antiapoptotic effects in skeletal myoblasts via mitochondrial PTP and MnSOD. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:331-41. [PMID: 23213199 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E(2)) protects several non-reproductive tissues from apoptosis, including skeletal muscle. We have shown that E(2) at physiological concentrations prevented apoptosis induced by H(2)O(2) in C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. As we also demonstrated the presence of estrogen receptors in mitochondria, the present work was focused on the effects of E(2) on this organelle. Specifically, we evaluated the actions of E(2) on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) by the calcein-acetoxymethylester/cobalt method using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Pretreatment with E(2) prevented MPTP opening induced by H(2)O(2), which preceded loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, it was observed that H(2)O(2) induced translocation of Bax to mitochondria; however, in the presence of the steroid this effect was abrogated suggesting that members of the Bcl-2 family may be regulated by E(2) to exert an antiapoptotic effect. Moreover, E(2) increased mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase protein expression and activity, as part of a mechanism activated by E(2) that improved mitochondrial performance. Our results suggest a role of E(2) in the regulation of apoptosis with a clear action at the mitochondrial level in C2C12 skeletal myoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela La Colla
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Pronsato L, Boland R, Milanesi L. Non-classical localization of androgen receptor in the C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 530:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li WX, Chen SF, Chen LP, Yang GY, Li JT, Liu HZ, Zhu W. Thimerosal-induced apoptosis in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells occurs through suppression of the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49064. [PMID: 23145070 PMCID: PMC3492179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative, is one of the most widely used preservatives and found in a variety of biological products. Concerns over its possible toxicity have reemerged recently due to its use in vaccines. Thimerosal has also been reported to be markedly cytotoxic to neural tissue. However, little is known regarding thimerosal-induced toxicity in muscle tissue. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of thimerosal and its possible mechanisms on mouse C2C12 myoblast cells. Methodology/Principal Findings The study showed that C2C12 myoblast cells underwent inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis after exposure to thimerosal (125–500 nM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Thimerosal caused S phase arrest and induced apoptosis as assessed by flow cytometric analysis, Hoechst staining and immunoblotting. The data revealed that thimerosal could trigger the leakage of cytochrome c from mitochondria, followed by cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and that an inhibitor of caspase could suppress thimerosal-induced apoptosis. Thimerosal inhibited the phosphorylation of Aktser473 and survivin expression. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, inhibited Akt activity and decreased survivin expression, resulting in increased thimerosal-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells, while the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway by mIGF-I (50 ng/ml) increased the expression of survivin and attenuated apoptosis. Furthermore, the inhibition of survivin expression by siRNA enhanced thimerosal-induced cell apoptosis, while overexpression of survivin prevented thimerosal-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the data show that the PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway plays an important role in the thimerosal-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that in C2C12 myoblast cells, thimerosal induces S phase arrest and finally causes apoptosis via inhibition of PI3K/Akt/survivin signaling followed by activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xue Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Zhang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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