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Lv C, Guo L, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Zhang Y. circAMN1-Mediated Ferroptosis Regulates the Expulsion of Placenta in Trophoblast Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:451. [PMID: 38671899 PMCID: PMC11047571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
After delivery, the death of trophoblast cells can promote the expulsion of the placenta. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death, is involved in mammalian development. Circular RNAs are associated with placental development; however, it is unclear whether circular RNAs regulate the expulsion of fetal membranes through ferroptosis. The gene expression profiles in the tail vein blood of Holstein cows with normal and retained placentas were investigated using RNA sequencing and a GSE214588 dataset. circAMN1 and SLC39A8 expression was significantly downregulated in the blood of cows with a retained placenta, whereas miR-205_R-1 expression was significantly upregulated. We validated erastin-induced ferroptosis in trophoblast cells. Transfection with si-circAMN1 and miR-205_R-1 mimic reduced intracellular total iron, Fe2+, and glutathione disulfide levels; increased intracellular glutathione levels and glutathione/glutathione disulfide; and enhanced cell viability in these cells. In contrast, transfection with pcDNA3.1 circAMN1 and an miR-205_R-1 inhibitor promoted ferroptosis. As an miR-205_R-1 sponge, circAMN1 regulated the expression of SLC39A8 to control erastin-induced ferroptosis and regulated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanism by which programmed cell death regulates fetal membrane expulsion and indicate its potential as a therapeutic target for placenta retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Lusha Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Zongshuai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Grassland Agriculture Engineering Center, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.L.); (L.G.); (Y.W.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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2
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Lestari B, Fukushima T, Utomo RY, Wahyuningsih MSH. Apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of caspases in placenta physiology and pathology. Placenta 2024; 151:37-47. [PMID: 38703713 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are pivotal regulators of apoptosis, the tightly controlled cell death process crucial for eliminating excessive or unnecessary cells during development, including placental development. Collecting research has unveiled the multifaceted roles of caspases in the placenta, extending beyond apoptosis. Apart from their involvement in placental tissue remodeling via apoptosis, caspases actively participate in essential regulatory processes, such as trophoblast fusion and differentiation, significantly influencing placental growth and functionality. In addition, growing evidence indicates an elevation in caspase activity under pathological conditions like pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), leading to excessive cell death as well as inflammation. Drawing from advancements in caspase research and placental development under both normal and abnormal conditions, we examine the significance of caspases in both cell death (apoptosis) and non-cell death-related processes within the placenta. We also discuss potential therapeutics targeting caspase-related pathways for placenta disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beni Lestari
- Department Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih
- Department Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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3
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Davenport KM, O'Neil EV, Ortega MS, Patterson A, Kelleher AM, Warren WC, Spencer TE. Single-cell insights into development of the bovine placenta†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:169-184. [PMID: 37707543 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A central determinant of pregnancy success is proper development of the conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes including the placenta). Although the gross morphology and histology of the bovine placenta have been well studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating placenta development and trophoblast differentiation and function remain essentially undefined. Here, single-cell transcriptome (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed on the day 17 bovine conceptus and chorion of day 24, 30, and 50 conceptuses (n = 3-4 samples per day) using the 10X Genomics platform. Bioinformatic analyses identified cell types and their ontogeny including trophoblast, mesenchyme, and immune cells. Loss of interferon tau-expressing trophoblast uninucleate cells occurred between days 17 and 30, whereas binucleate cells, identified based on expression of placental lactogen (CSH2) and specific pregnancy-associated glycoprotein genes (PAGs), first appeared on day 24. Several different types of uninucleate cells were present in day 24, 30, and 50 samples, but only one (day 24) or two types of binucleate cells (days 30 and 50). Cell trajectory analyses provided a conceptual framework for uninucleate cell development and binucleate cell differentiation, and bioinformatic analyses identified candidate transcription factors governing differentiation and function of the trophoblasts. The digital atlas of cell types in the developing bovine conceptus reported here serves as a resource to discover key genes and biological pathways regulating its development during the critical periods of implantation and placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleanore V O'Neil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M Sofia Ortega
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Patterson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Andrew M Kelleher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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4
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Xiao L, Sun W, Su Y, Lu N, He Y, Sheng X, Qi X, Xing K, Guo Y, Chang D, Wang X, Zhao J, Ni H. Dihydrotestosterone regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in bovine endometrial epithelium cells by androgen receptor mediated EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:106001. [PMID: 34547381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uterine prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) is essential for implantation, initiation of luteolysis and delivery. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme limiting PGF2α rate, is regulated by steroid hormones, and also dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may be involved in regulating COX-2 expression both positively and negatively. However, it remains unclear how whether DHT regulates COX-2 expression and consequent PGF2α release in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). In this study, we evaluated the localization of the two isoforms of DHT synthetase 5α-reductase (5α-red1 and 5α-red2) and androgen receptor (AR) in bovine endometria by immunohistochemistry, and investigated 5α-red1, 5α-red2, AR, and DHT levels at the different stages of endometria (follicle, early-, mid-, and late-pregnancy phases). The results showed that 5α-red1, 5α-red2 and AR all were expressed in endometria, and their expressions and the level of DHT significantly increased in the late-pregnancy phase compared with the mid-pregnancy phase. Moreover, we cultured EECs from the mid-pregnancy phase and the in vitro study showed that DHT dose-dependently increased COX-2 expression and PGF2a release, but AR antagonist (flutamide) inhibited the stimulating effect via DHT. In addition, the DHT-induced COX-2 expression and PGF2α release were subjected to the regulation of both EGFR/PI3K/Akt/NFkB signaling as the inhibitors of EGFR (AG1478) and PI3K/Akt (LY294002) and NFkB (QNZ) attenuated the DHT mediated effect. Taken together, the results demonstrated that DHT-induced COX-2 expression and consequent PGF2α release in bovine EECs were mediated through AR-derived EGFR transactivation and PI3K/Akt cascade leading to NFkB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wanxu Sun
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Su
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan He
- Zhangjiagang Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Di Chang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - Junjin Zhao
- National Grazing Headquarter, Beijing, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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Jaworska J, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T, Kowalczyk-Zięba I, Wocławek-Potocka I, Siemieniuch M. Transcriptome Profiling of the Retained Fetal Membranes-An Insight in the Possible Pathogenesis of the Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030675. [PMID: 33802481 PMCID: PMC8000898 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in mares is a disease of a multifactorial etiology with not fully understood pathogenesis. Profound analysis of genes expressed in the placenta may reveal pathways and processes which might be comprised in mares with this disease and hence help to explain the pathogenesis of RFM. This work employed RNA sequencing to identify and compare genes differentially expressed (DEGs) in the placenta of mares that retained fetal membranes and those that released them physiologically. Results showed that within DEGs genes important for apoptosis, inflammatory-related processes, and metabolism of extracellular matrix were identified. Abstract Retained fetal membranes (RFM) is one of the most common post-partum diseases of a complex etiology. Moreover, its pathogenesis is still not elucidated. Detailed transcriptomic analysis of physiological and retained placenta may bring profound insight in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of the study was to compare the transcriptome of the retained and physiologically released placenta as well as biological pathways and processes in order to determine the possible pathogenesis of the disease. Samples of the endometrium and the allantochorion were taken within 2 h after parturition from control mares (n = 3) and mares with RFM (n = 3). RNA sequencing was performed with the use of all samples and mRNA expression of chosen genes was validated with Real Time PCR. Analysis of RNA-seq identified 487 differentially expressed genes in the allantochorion and 261 in the endometrium of control and RFM mares (p < 0.0001). Within genes that may be important in the release of fetal membranes and were differentially expressed, our report pinpointed BGN, TIMP1, DRB, CD3E, C3, FCN3, CASP3, BCL2L1. Gene ontology analysis showed possible processes which were altered in RFM that are apoptosis, inflammatory-related processes, and extracellular matrix metabolism and might be involved in the pathogenesis of RFM. This is the first report on the transcriptome of RFM and physiologically released placenta in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.K.-Z.); (I.W.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.R.-M.); (K.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.R.-M.); (K.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (K.R.-M.); (K.P.); (T.S.)
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine Krakow, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zięba
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.K.-Z.); (I.W.-P.)
| | - Izabela Wocławek-Potocka
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (I.K.-Z.); (I.W.-P.)
| | - Marta Siemieniuch
- Research Station of the Institute of Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Popielno, 12-220 Ruciane-Nida, Poland;
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Abultdinova A, Jakupov I, Roth J, Failing K, Wehrend A, Sickinger M. Association of bovine uterine involution disturbances with serum neuropeptide concentrations. Vet World 2020; 13:1854-1857. [PMID: 33132596 PMCID: PMC7566235 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1854-1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Puerperal diseases influence fertility and should be diagnosed as soon as possible. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of serum concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and interleukin (IL)1β in the early diagnosis of uterine involution disturbances. Materials and Methods Blood serum samples of 86 dairy cows from six different farms were harvested within the first 20 days after calving from cows with uterine involution disturbances and healthy controls, respectively. Serum concentrations for SP, VIP, and IL-1β were determined using commercially available ELISA test kits. Statistical analyses included timely changes in blood serum levels and group comparisons of healthy cows and cows with uterine disease. Results SP concentrations increased significantly within 20 days after calving (p<0.04) with no significant difference observed between the groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found between VIP and log IL-1β. Conclusion Results showed that none of the examined serum parameters seems suitable as indicator of uterine involution disorders. Due to the timely changes in serum concentrations of SP after calving, a correlation to diseases might not be precluded. Further research is needed as regards the establishment of normative values concerning this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Abultdinova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Technology of Animal Husbandry, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Isatay Jakupov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Technology of Animal Husbandry, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Failing
- Biomathematics and Data Processing Unit, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Marlene Sickinger
- Clinic for Ruminants Internal Medicine and Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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Yasuhara T, Koyama K, Sakumoto R, Fujii T, Naito A, Moriyasu S, Kageyama S, Hirayama H. Enhanced glucocorticoid exposure facilitates the expression of genes involved in prostaglandin and estrogen syntheses in bovine placentomes at induced parturition. Theriogenology 2019; 139:1-7. [PMID: 31352133 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which the fetal membrane detaches after parturition in cattle is poorly understood, but the upregulation of placentomal prostaglandin and estrogen synthesis are considered to be important. This study investigated whether enhanced glucocorticoid exposure affected the functional maturation of placentomes at induced parturition. Placentomes were collected immediately after spontaneous (beef; n = 5, dairy; n = 5) or induced parturition in beef and dairy cattle. Parturition was induced conventionally using prostaglandin F2α (beef; n = 7, dairy; n = 6) or dexamethasone (beef; n = 6) or with a combination of triamcinolone acetonide (a long-acting glucocorticoid) and a high dose of betamethasone (TABET treatment, beef; n = 6, dairy; n = 9). Gene expression levels and protein localization in placentomes were analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Compared with the conventional methods, TABET treatment resulted in upregulated PTGS2 expression in cotyledons. The expression levels of PTGS2 and PGES were positively correlated in both cotyledons and caruncles. TABET treatment also upregulated the expression of CYP17A1, but not of CYP19A1, in cotyledons. The results revealed, for the first time, that PLA2G4A was localized in microvascular endothelial cells in the cotyledonary villi and the maternal septum. PTGS2 and PGES were colocalized in mononucleated cells of the cotyledonary villi and caruncle epithelial cells adjacent to the chorionic plate. TABET treatment upregulated the expression of placentomal genes involved in PGE2 synthesis and the conversion of pregnenolone to androstenedione. Thus, enhanced glucocorticoid exposure might partially facilitate the functional maturation of placentomes at induced parturition in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Yasuhara
- Department of Bioproduction, Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koyama
- Dairy Cow Group, Daily Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido, 086-1135, Japan; Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Satoru Moriyasu
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Soichi Kageyama
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido, 081-0038, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hirayama
- Department of Bioproduction, Graduate School of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
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Botta C, Pellegrini G, Hässig M, Pesch T, Prähauser B, Wunderlin S, Guscetti F, Schneeberger M, Schmitt S, Basso W, Hilbe M, Schuler G, Borel N. Bovine Fetal Placenta During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:248-258. [PMID: 30355149 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818806453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine abortion is a worldwide problem, but despite extensive histopathologic and molecular investigations, the cause of abortion remains unclear in about 70% of cases. Cellular debris is a commonly observed histopathologic finding in the fetal placenta and is often interpreted as necrosis. In this study, the nature of this cellular debris was characterized, and histologic changes in the normal fetal placenta during pregnancy and after delivery were assessed. In addition, the presence of the most common abortifacient pathogens in Switzerland ( Chlamydiaceae, Coxiella burnetii, Neospora caninum) was tested by polymerase chain reaction. We collected 51 placentomes and 235 cotyledons from 41 and from 50 cows, respectively. In total, cellular debris was present in 48 of 51 (94%) placentomes and in 225 of 235 (96%) cotyledons, inflammation occurred in 1 of 51 (2%) placentomes and in 46 of 235 (20%) cotyledons, vasculitis was seen in 1 of 51 (2%) placentomes and 46 of 235 (20%) cotyledons, and 18 of 51 (35%) placentomes and 181 of 235 (77%) cotyledons had mineralization. The amount of cellular debris correlated with areas of positive signals for cleaved caspase 3 and lamin A. Therefore, this finding was interpreted as an apoptotic process. In total, 10 of 50 cotyledons (20%) were positive for C. burnetii DNA, most likely representing subclinical infections. The results of our study indicate that histologic features in the fetal placenta such as cellular debris, inflammation, vasculitis, and mineralization must be considered physiological processes during pregnancy and after delivery. Therefore, their presence in placentae of aborted fetuses must be interpreted with caution and might not be necessarily linked to an infectious cause of abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Botta
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hässig
- 2 Department for Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Pesch
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Prähauser
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Wunderlin
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franco Guscetti
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Schneeberger
- 3 Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- 3 Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Basso
- 4 Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Vetsuisse Faculty, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- 5 Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Borel
- 1 Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Fernández M, Braun U, Frei S, Schweizer M, Hilbe M. Border Disease Virus Infection of Bovine Placentas. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:425-433. [PMID: 29402208 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817754123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Subsequent to a previous study of border disease virus (BDV) horizontal transmission from a persistently BDV-infected calf to 6 seronegative pregnant heifers, the heifers were slaughtered 60 days after exposure to the infected calf, and their fetuses and placentas were examined. Immunohistochemical examination of fetal organs and placenta showed positive labeling of moderate intensity for pestivirus antigen in 3 of 6 heifers. BDV infection in these 3 animals was confirmed by the detection of BDV RNA in different organs using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the placenta, the positive cells were visualized mostly on the fetal side. In those 3 heifers that harbored an infected fetus, the placental tissue in the placentome region showed a moderate to severe mononuclear and fibrosing placentitis and, in severe cases, necrotic areas. The inflammatory population was composed predominantly of T and B cells, a substantial number of macrophages, and, to a lesser extent, plasma cells. This is a novel report of placentitis in persistently BDV-infected fetuses from pregnant heifers that became acutely infected by cohousing with a calf persistently infected with BDV, which extends previous reports on bovine viral diarrhea virus-infected and BDV-infected cattle and sheep, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández
- 1 Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Braun
- 2 Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Frei
- 2 Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schweizer
- 3 Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO) and Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- 1 Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Santos R, Silva J, Beletti M. Ultrastructure of bovine placenta during all gestational period. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Placentas from pregnant cows with different gestation periods were used. Placental fragments of all groups were processed and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. After fragment analysis, bovine placenta was observed to be epitheliochorial type in early pregnancy, becoming progressively sinepiteliocorial at the beginning of the second trimester. There are no ultrastructural evidences of inflammation in the region of caruncles throughout gestation, despite the invasion of caruncle proper lamina by trophoblast cells. However, throughout pregnancy and especially at the end, there were evident signs of cell degeneration in both trophoblast and the uterine epithelium. The active trophoblast cells intensely phagocytize cellular debris. There are complex interdigitations between the surface of the trophoblast and the uterine epithelium, which is related to the increase of the exchange surface between mother and fetus. At the end of pregnancy, interdigitations disappear, favoring the detachment and expulsion of the placenta after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.M. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil
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11
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Bovine placentomal heparanase and syndecan expression is related to placental maturation. Placenta 2017; 57:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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von Hof J, Sprekeler N, Schuler G, Boos A, Kowalewski MP. Uterine and placental expression of HPGD in cows during pregnancy and release of fetal membranes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 128-129:17-26. [PMID: 28043888 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) plays a key role in prostaglandins (PGs) catabolism. Its expression and activity appear to be regulated by progesterone (P4). We investigated the HPGD mRNA-expression and protein localization in placentomes and interplacental uterine sites throughout gestation (Study I), and after fetal membranes retention (RFM) compared with normally delivered fetal membranes (DFM) (Study II). Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of aglepristone (AP), dexamethasone (GC) or cloprostenol (CP), on HPGD expression in bovine placentomes (Study III). Tissues from late gestation (D272) and at normal term (NT) served as controls. HPGD was highest in all sites at the beginning of pregnancy and at (NT). Following induced parturition HPGD was lower after (AP) and (GC) compared with (NT), and was similar in RFM and DFM. Placentomes stained primarily in fetal compartments; interplacentomal signals were observed in endometrial glandular and luminal epithelium. Results indicate that HPGD may play a role during establishment and termination of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica von Hof
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Sprekeler
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Franczyk M, Lopucki M, Stachowicz N, Morawska D, Kankofer M. Extracellular matrix proteins in healthy and retained placentas, comparing hemochorial and synepitheliochorial placentas. Placenta 2016; 50:19-24. [PMID: 28161057 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The placenta expresses structural and biologically active proteins. Their synthesis is mainly regulated by genomic or nongenomic signals and modulated by hormones. These protein profiles are altered during different stages of pregnancy. The biological properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were defined and described in a number of tissues including placenta. These properties enable them to be the main players in the processes of attachment or invasion into the endometrium during initial placenta formation and its timely separation after delivery and detachment. In this review, we focused on the role of ECM proteins during attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall, its timely separation, and the implications of this process on retained or pathologically attached placenta. Although the amount of published information in this area is relatively scant, some of the key proteins and processes are well defined. We focused on the available data detailing the ECM protein profiles of human (histologically thin; hemochorial) and bovine (histologically thick; epitheliochorial) placentas and compared the shared and unique ECM proteins that are relevant to placental attachment and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Franczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Akademicka 12, Poland.
| | - M Lopucki
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University, 20-081 Lublin, Staszica 16, Poland.
| | - N Stachowicz
- Ist Clinic for Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University, 20-081 Lublin, Staszica 16, Poland.
| | - D Morawska
- Unit for Gynecology and Obstetrics with Pathology of Pregnancy, City Hospital in Swidnik, Al. Lotników Polskich 18, 21-040 Świdnik, Poland
| | - M Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Akademicka 12, Poland.
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Adeyinka FD, Laven RA, de Nicolo G, Lawrence KE, Parkinson TJ. The Use of Stereology Method to Estimate the Volume of Feto-Maternal Exchange Area of the Bovine Placentome during Gestation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1571-1577. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Folusho D. Adeyinka
- Institute Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Richard A. Laven
- Institute Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | | | - Kevin E. Lawrence
- Institute Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Timothy J. Parkinson
- Institute Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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15
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The bovine placenta in vivo and in vitro. Theriogenology 2016; 86:306-12. [PMID: 27155733 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The gross anatomic features (cotyledonary type) and histologic classification (synepitheliochorial) of the bovine placenta have been known for many years. Thorough ultrastructural analysis as well as a variety of descriptive studies dealing with the localization of cytoskeletal filaments, extracellular matrix, growth factor systems, steroid hormone receptors, and major histocompatibility complex have contributed further significant knowledge. However, this knowledge was not sufficient to solve clinical placenta-based problems, such as retained fetal membranes. Owing to the complexity of the fetomaternal interface in vitro, culture systems have been developed. As trophoblast giant cells (TGC) are thought to be key players in the cattle placenta, most cell culture models attempt to overcome the pitfall of losing the entire TGC population in vitro. Nevertheless, distinct cell line-based in vitro systems such as cell monolayers or 3-dimensional (co-culture) spheroids were generated for the fetal (trophoblast) and maternal (uterine epithelium) placental compartments. Monolayers have been used to study for example, growth factor or hormonal signaling and TGC formation, whereas spheroids served as models for, for example, trophoblast attachment, uterine epithelium depolarization, and also TGC formation. In the future, the use of more improved culture models might lead to better treatments of retained fetal membranes and increased prevention of embryonic loss. In addition, the in vitro models could shed more light on the mechanisms of the differentiation of uninucleate trophoblast into TGC.
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Attupuram NM, Kumaresan A, Narayanan K, Kumar H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in placental separation in the bovine: A review. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:287-97. [PMID: 26970238 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retention of fetal membranes (RFM), where the fetal placenta is not expelled within 8-12 hr after calving, lowers bovine productivity and fertility, resulting in significant economic loss to the dairy industry. Several risk factors that predispose an individual to RFM are known, but a unifying pathogenesis remains elusive due to its multifactorial etiology. Fetal membrane separation and expulsion after parturition involves structural and immunological changes of the bovine placentome that are governed predominantly by steroid hormones and the prostaglandin milieu of late pregnancy and parturition. Maturation of the placentome, a gradual and concerted event of late gestation, is likely initiated by the up-regulation of fetal major histocompatibility complex class I in the interplacentomal region-which increases the apoptosis of binucleate and other trophoblastic cells, the degradation of collagen in the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases, and an influx of phagocytic leukocytes. Shear force further distorts the crypt architecture of the mature placentomes when they are forced against the fetus during the second stage of labor. Cotyledon dehiscence from the caruncular crypts is completed following fetal expulsion as a result of acute shrinkage of the cotelydonary villi as well as reduced perfusion to the caruncle; the secundinae is expelled by uterine contractions. A better understanding of placentomal maturation, intra-partum, and immediate postpartum changes of the placentome should help develop strategies for the treatment and prevention of RFM. The present review proposes a model of placentome maturation and separation of fetal membranes in the dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Attupuram
- Theriogenology Lab, Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Lab, Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - K Narayanan
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hirayama H, Koyama K, Sawai K, Fujii T, Naito A, Fukuda S, Kageyama S. Localization of TGF-β and TGF-β receptor in bovine term placentome and expression differences between spontaneous and induced parturition. Placenta 2015; 36:1239-45. [PMID: 26382756 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanisms of detachment of fetal membrane after parturition in cattle are poorly understood. Glucocorticoids trigger the initiation of parturition and may facilitate the placental maturation. We compared the disappearance of trophoblast binucleate cells (BNCs) and expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) in term placentomes between spontaneous and induced parturition to investigate the influences of glucocorticoids on the placental maturity. METHODS Cows were delivered spontaneously (SP group) or after the administration of prostaglandin (PG) F(2)α (PG group); dexamethasone, PGF(2)α, and estriol (DEX group); and triamcinolone acetonide, PGF(2)α, and betamethasone (BET group) and placentomes were collected immediately after parturition. The number of BNCs in hematoxylin and eosin stained section was examined. Protein localization and mRNA levels of TGFB and its receptor (TGFBR) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS TGFB1 is characteristically localized in the maternal septum in caruncle in contrast to TGFB2 and TGFB3, which are mainly found in cotyledonary villi and maternal epithelial cells. TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 colocalized in BNCs. The number of BNCs was lower in the SP group than in PG and DEX groups. mRNA levels of TGFB1, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 in the SP group differed from PG and DEX groups. There was no difference between SP and BET groups in all analyses. DISCUSSION These results indicate that parturition inductions using PGF(2)α or dexamethasone were not able to induce disappearance of BNCs and change of TGFB signaling. Results in the BET group suggest that investigation into types, dose, and dosage schedule of glucocorticoids may facilitate placental maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hirayama
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Koyama
- Dairy Cow Group, Konsen Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
| | - Ken Sawai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujii
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fukuda
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
| | - Soichi Kageyama
- Animal Biotechnology Group, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan
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Rademacher RD, Warr BN, Booker CW. Management of Pregnant Heifers in the Feedlot. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2015; 31:209-28. [PMID: 26139188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant heifers in the feedlot pose many economic and management issues to the producer. Heifers that enter the feedlot pregnant will have increased costs associated with them regardless of the management strategy implemented. It is imperative that practitioners be aware of management concerns associated with pregnant heifers in order to provide sound recommendations for their clients. The purpose of this article is to provide the bovine practitioner with a summary of current literature and present common options for managing pregnant heifers in a feedlot setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Rademacher
- Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd, PO Box 140, Okotoks, Alberta T1S 2A2, Canada
| | - Brian N Warr
- Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd, PO Box 140, Okotoks, Alberta T1S 2A2, Canada
| | - Calvin W Booker
- Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd, PO Box 140, Okotoks, Alberta T1S 2A2, Canada.
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19
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Benedictus L, Koets AP, Rutten VPMG. The role of placental MHC class I expression in immune-assisted separation of the fetal membranes in cattle. J Reprod Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26202526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bovine fetus, like that of other species, is a semi-allograft and the regulation of materno-fetal alloimmunity is critical to prevent its immunological rejection. In cattle, a materno-fetal alloimmune response may be beneficial at parturition. It is hypothesized that upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on the fetal membranes toward the end of gestation induces a maternal alloimmune response that activates innate immune effector mechanisms, aiding in the loss of the adherence between the fetal membranes and the uterus. Loss of fetal-maternal adherence is pivotal for the timely expulsion of the fetal membranes and the absence (or reduction) of the maternal immune response may lead to retained fetal membranes, a common reproductive disorder of cattle. Currently, there is no effective treatment for retained fetal membranes and a better understanding of materno-fetal alloimmune-assisted separation of the fetal membranes may lead to novel targets for the treatment of retained fetal membranes. In this review, the regulation of materno-fetal alloimmunity during pregnancy in cattle, with a focus on placental MHC class I expression, and the importance of maternal alloimmunity for the timely separation of the fetal membranes, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ad P Koets
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
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Boro P, Kumaresan A, Pathak R, Patbandha T, Kumari S, Yadav A, Manimaran A, Baithalu R, Attupuram NM, Mohanty T. Alteration in peripheral blood concentration of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in cows developing retention of fetal membranes. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 157:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Albers RM, Schnapper A, Beyerbach M, Boos A. Quantitative morphological changes in the interplacentomal wall of the gravid uterine horn of cattle during pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:32. [PMID: 25903583 PMCID: PMC4407553 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplacentomal wall of the gravid uterine horn in cattle is the subject of reports dealing mainly with specific aspects of early pregnancy or the peripartal period. Only a very limited number of early and descriptive studies includes the whole period of pregnancy. Thus, there is a gap concerning quantitative morphological data of the uterine wall during pregnancy. We hypothesized that the specific requirements of pregnancy are reflected by significant and characteristic morphologic changes. METHODS Interplacentomal segments of the fetus-bearing horn of the uterus of 47 cows were collected at slaughter, assessed quantitatively by light microscopy, grouped into trimesters (trim), and data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS During pregnancy there were significant increases (p<0.05) in the measured parameters: heights of the endometrial surface epithelium (31 increased to 46 and 46 μm, in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trim, respectively), glandular epithelium (19.6 to 22.4 and 25.4 μm, respectively), diameters of glands (94 to 166 to 239 μm, respectively) and glandular lumina (56 to 122 to 188 μm, respectively). Volume density of the glandular epithelium did not change, while that of glandular lumina increased significantly (8 to 26 to 40% in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trim, respectively) and of endometrial stroma decreased with ongoing pregnancy (67 to 46 to 37%; p<0.05). Diameters of myometrial smooth muscle cells (MSMC) (9.7 to 12.4 and 12.9 μm, respectively, for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trim; p<0.05), and the volume fraction of myometrial stroma increased (6 to 10 to 13%; p<0.05), while decreases were observed in MSMC nuclear volume density (4.4 and 4.0 to 2.4%; p<0.05). The fraction of MSMC cytoplasm (89 to 85%) and the nucleus:cytoplasm ratio (0.05 to 0.03%) both decreased for the 1st vs. 3rd trim, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the interplacentomal wall of the gravid uterine horn is subjected to significant morphological changes during pregnancy, underlining the importance of endometrial surface epithelium and of gland hypertrophy for nourishment of the conceptus, of increased myometrial extracellular matrix for uterine tensile strength and of myometrial smooth muscle hypertrophy for expulsion of the fetus at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Albers
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anke Schnapper
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Moretti P, Probo M, Morandi N, Trevisi E, Ferrari A, Minuti A, Venturini M, Paltrinieri S, Giordano A. Early post-partum hematological changes in Holstein dairy cows with retained placenta. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 152:17-25. [PMID: 25515153 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Retained placenta (RP) occurs frequently in dairy cattle but little is known about the pathogenic or prognostic role of the hematological changes in this disease. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the hematological changes associated with RP in the immediate post-partum period and to assess whether these changes are associated with an acute phase reaction. Data concerning hematology, acute phase proteins, markers of inflammation and serum biochemistry performed on cows at 3±1 days in milk (DIM) from two intensive farms were extracted from the database of the ProZoo project, a research project aimed to investigate the relationship between genomic traits and bovine health and production. After application of restrictive inclusion criteria, data from 45 cows, 22 with RP and 23 controls, were statistically compared. RBC count, d-ROMs concentration, and AST activity were significantly higher in the RP group than controls. Conversely, neutrophils, thiol groups, and serum zinc concentration were significantly lower in the RP group than controls. In conclusion, although retained placenta has to be considered as a syndrome with multifactorial causes, neutropenia may be a co-factor involved in its pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to clarify whether neutropenia acts as a contributor in the pathogenesis of RP or if it is a very early consequence of the syndrome, preceding any other inflammatory changes in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Monica Probo
- Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Nicola Morandi
- Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Parco Tecnologico Padano, via Einstein, Loc. Cascina Codazza, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Institute of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Annarita Ferrari
- Institute of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Institute of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Monica Venturini
- Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Boro P, Kumaresan A, Singh A, Gupta D, Kumar S, Manimaran A, Mohanty A, Mohanty T, Pathak R, Attupuram N, Baithalu R, Prasad S. Expression of short chain fatty acid receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in utero-placental tissues is altered in cows developing retention of fetal membranes. Placenta 2014; 35:455-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Kankofer M, Wawrzykowski J, Hoedemaker M. Profile of bovine proteins in retained and normally expelled placenta in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 49:270-4. [PMID: 24325199 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-specific protein profile is determined by its function, structure, intensity of metabolism and usefulness. This profile remains under hormonal control. Any disturbance in the general metabolism may be reflected in changes in both protein quantity and quality. These changes can be of low or high specificity, and some can be used as clinical markers of pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare the protein profile of caruncle and foetal villi of bovine placenta that was either properly released or retained. Placental tissues were collected from healthy cows, divided into releasing and retaining foetal membranes, homogenized and subjected to 1D and 2D electrophoresis. Computer-aided analysis of gel images showed essential qualitative and quantitative alterations in protein profile between tissues that were properly released and retained. Alterations concerned both the number of fractions and spots as well as the intensity of staining. This preliminary study provides a general overview of the differences in the protein profile between released and retained foetal membranes. It may allow for selecting the group of proteins or single molecules, which should be further analysed in detail as possible markers differentiating the retention of foetal membranes in cows from placentas that were released spontaneously. The continuation of the study for the identification of particular spots detected in 2D gels is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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Hartmann D, Bollwein H, Honnens Ä, Niemann H, Rath D, Pfarrer C. Protracted induction of parturition enhances placental maturation, but does not influence incidence of placental retention in cows. Theriogenology 2013; 80:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hayashi KG, Hosoe M, Sakumoto R, Takahashi T. Temporo-spatial expression of adrenomedullin and its receptors in the bovine placenta. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:62. [PMID: 23849271 PMCID: PMC3716972 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasodilator peptide and is also involved in various physiological activities. In humans and rodents, AM is found in the uteroplacental unit and may be responsible for fetal development and maintenance of placental function. This study investigated 1) the mRNA expression patterns of AM and its receptor components (calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) 2 and RAMP3) during pregnancy and 2) mRNA and protein localization of AM, CRLR and RAMPs in the bovine placentome. METHODS For real-time quantitative RT-PCR, bovine uteroplacental tissues were collected from Day 25, 60, 100, 150, 200 and 250 of gestation and separated into uterine caruncle (CAR), intercaruncular endometrium (ICAR), extra-embryonic membranes on Day 25 and cotyledonary villous after Day 60 (EEM-COT) and intercotyledonary chorion (ICOT). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the cellular localization of mRNA and protein of AM, CRLR, RAMP2 and RAMP3 in the placentome on Day 56, 150 and 230 of gestation and interplacentomal tissues on Day 56 of gestation. RESULTS AM mRNA was highly expressed on Day 200 in EEM-COT, CAR and ICAR. CRLR mRNA was highly expressed on Day 60 in all portions. RAMP2 mRNA was also highly expressed on Day 60 in ICOT and ICAR. In EEM-COT, mRNA expression of CRLR and RAMP2 decreased from Day 150 to 250. RAMP3 mRNA was highly expressed on Day 150 in EEM-COT, ICOT and ICAR. A distinct AM mRNA and protein signal were only found in trophoblast binucleate cells (BNCs), whereas those of CRLR, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were detected in cotyledonary villous and caruncular epithelial cells. In interplacentomal tissues, AM was detected in BNCs of fetal membrane and a small part of luminal epithelium, endothelial lineage of blood vessels and glandular epithelium of the endometrium. Distinct signals of CRLR, RAMP2 and RAMP3 were found in trophoblast cells, luminal epithelium, stroma under the epithelium, endothelial lineage of blood vessels and glandular epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the AM system in the bovine uteroplacental unit may be activated at placentation and transition from the mid to late gestation period. Locally produced AM in the BNCs may play a crucial role in regulation of placental vascular and cellular functions during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Go Hayashi
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Animal Development and Differentiation Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
- Present address: Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Mishra B, Koshi K, Kizaki K, Ushizawa K, Takahashi T, Hosoe M, Sato T, Ito A, Hashizume K. Expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA in bovine endometrium and placenta during gestation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:43-8. [PMID: 23751571 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) is a secreted protease. Through the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling or developmental processes or both, ADAMTS1 is involved in several biological functions, including ovulation and embryo receptivity. However, the expression and possible role of ADAMTS1 in bovine endometrium is unknown. In this study, we analyzed ADAMTS1 mRNA expression in bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle, peri-implantation period, and at different stages of gestation by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization. The qPCR results indicated that the expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA was not affected by the day of the estrous cycle and was similar to cyclic levels on day 35 of gestation; however, the expression was more abundant in cotyledonary tissues of the placenta during late gestation. The in situ hybridization study showed that ADAMTS1 mRNA was detected mainly in uterine luminal epithelia and stromal cells during the estrous cycle and peri-implantation period. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 mRNA was also expressed in the peri-implantation conceptus as well as in trophoblast cells, which include binucleate cells, and increased during late gestation. Furthermore, treatment of stromal cell with progesterone (300 nM) stimulated the expression of ADAMTS1 mRNA. This study indicates that ADAMTS1 participates in bovine endometrial remodeling, which is required for implantation and placental development in coordination with ovarian steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mishra
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Cristofolini AL, Turiello MP, Sanchis EG, Cufré G, Merkis CI. Effect of feed restriction and realimentation with monensin supplementation on placental structure and ultrastructure in anglo-nubian goats. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2012; 2012:490530. [PMID: 23762584 PMCID: PMC3671730 DOI: 10.5402/2012/490530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction followed by a realimentation with monensin supplementation on morphological, ultrastructural, and apoptotic characteristics in the term placenta of Anglo-Nubian does. Treatments were a control group (C = 5), a group fed at 0.70 of that consumed by controls (R = 7), and the same as R with monensin (M = 7). After parturition, 27 placentas were gathered, C: 7, M: 10, and R: 10. No differences were detected between treatments in relation to morphological and ultrastructural analysis. The greatest values of binucleate cells were detected in placentas from R, and it could be due to the need to compensate and satisfy nutritional differences of restriction. We detected the highest apoptotic index in R as a consequence of nutritional treatment. We describe for the first time the structural and ultrastructural morphology and remodeling by apoptosis of Anglo-Nubian placenta at term of goats subjected to nutritional restriction during peripubertal period and the use of monensin as a growth promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cristofolini
- Área de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac, 36-Km, 601, Córdoba, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Sprekeler N, Kowalewski MP, Boos A. TRPV6 and Calbindin-D9k-expression and localization in the bovine uterus and placenta during pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:66. [PMID: 22931437 PMCID: PMC3489777 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential channel type 6 (TRPV6) and Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) are involved in the active calcium (Ca2+) transport mechanism in many tissues including placenta and uterus, suggesting a role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Moreover, TRPV6 and CaBP-9k seem to support the materno-fetal Ca2+ transport that is crucial for fetal Ca2+ homeostasis, bone growth and development. However, it is unknown if these proteins are also involved in the aetiology of pathologies associated with parturition in cows, such as retained fetal membranes (RFM). The aim of the current study was to create an expression profile of uterine and placentomal TRPV6 and CaBP-9k mRNAs and proteins during pregnancy and postpartum in cows with and without fetal membrane release. METHODS Uteri and placentomes of 27 cows in different stages of pregnancy and placentomes of cows with and without RFM were collected. Protein and mRNA expression of TRPV6 and CaBP-9k was investigated by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS In the uterine endometrium, highest TRPV6 and CaBP-9k expression was found in the last trimester of pregnancy, with a particular increase of protein in the glandular epithelium. In the placentomes, a gradual increase in TRPV6 mRNA was detectable towards parturition, while protein expression did not change significantly. Placentomal CaBP-9k expression did not change significantly throughout pregnancy but immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in staining intensity in the maternal crypt epithelium. Immunohistochemical, stronger placental CaBP-9k signals were seen in animals with RFM compared to animals with an undisturbed fetal membrane release, while protein levels, measured by Western blot analyses did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate a dynamic expression of TRPV6 and CaBP-9k during pregnancy in the bovine uterine endometrium and placentomes, suggesting a functional role for these proteins in Ca2+ metabolism during pregnancy. The temporal and spatial expression patterns indicate that TRPV6 and CaBP-9k may be involved in materno-fetal Ca2+ transport, mainly through an interplacentomal transport, and that both proteins may participate in physiological processes that are crucial for fetal and placental development. However, neither TRPV6 nor CaBP-9k seem to be causative in the retention of fetal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Sprekeler
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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Mishra B, Kizaki K, Koshi K, Ushizawa K, Takahashi T, Hosoe M, Sato T, Ito A, Hashizume K. Expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its expected roles in the bovine endometrium during gestation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 42:63-73. [PMID: 22032855 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tissue remodeling during the peri-implantation period. However, the role of EMMPRIN in the bovine placenta is still unclear. We have postulated that EMMPRIN might play a regulatory role in trophoblastic cell functions during gestation by itself or through the regulation of MMP expression. In this study, EMMPRIN mRNA was detected in the bovine placentome and interplacentome throughout gestation, and its expression was significantly higher in the cotyledon during late gestation. In situ hybridization showed that EMMPRIN mRNA was expressed in the caruncular epithelium and the cotyledonary epithelium, including binucleate cells. Western blot analysis detected a band representing a protein of approximately 65 kDa in the caruncular and cotyledonary tissues, and the intensity of its expression was increased in both of these tissues during late gestation. The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-14 in the bovine placenta were higher during late gestation, as was observed for EMMPRIN. Therefore, EMMPRIN might regulate trophoblastic cell functions, especially those of binucleate cells, through MMP expression in the bovine placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mishra
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Paździor K, Rapacz A, Rotkiewicz T, Raś A. Proliferation and Apoptosis in Fetal Membranes and Endometrium During Placental Retention in Heavy Draft Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Streyl D, Kenngott R, Herbach N, Wanke R, Blum H, Sinowatz F, Wolf E, Zerbe H, Bauersachs S. Gene expression profiling of bovine peripartal placentomes: detection of molecular pathways potentially involved in the release of foetal membranes. Reproduction 2012; 143:85-105. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying detachment of foetal membranes after birth in cows are still unclear. To address this problem in a systematic manner, we performed the first holistic transcriptome study of bovine placentomes antepartum (AP;n=4 cows) and intrapartum (IP;n=4 cows) using Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays. Three placentomes were extracted from each cow, and tissue samples from the contact zones of the placentomes (foeto-maternal units) were recovered by systematic random sampling and processed for RNA extraction and for stereological quantification of cellular composition. Statistical analysis of microarray data (false discovery rate 1%) revealed 759 mRNAs with at least twofold higher levels in the samples of the AP group, whereas 514 mRNAs showed higher levels in the IP group. The differentially expressed genes were classified according to biological processes and molecular functions using the Functional Annotation Clustering tool of the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. Genes with higher mRNA levels in the AP group were nearly completely related to mitotic cell cycle and tissue differentiation. During parturition, a complete shift occurred because the genes with higher mRNA levels in IP were nearly all related to three different physiological processes/complexes: i) apoptosis, ii) degradation of extra cellular matrix and iii) innate immune response, which play a fundamental role in placental detachment. These results are an excellent basis for future studies investigating the molecular basis of retained foetal membranes.
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33
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Retained Fetal Membranes in Heavy Draft Mares Associated with Histological Abnormalities. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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JiangFeng F, Jiu YS, Wen ZZ, Ben L. The expression of Fas/FasL and apoptosis in yak placentomes. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 128:107-16. [PMID: 22014664 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the status and distribution of Fas and Fas-Ligand (FasL) in yak's placentomes, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out to analyze the expression and location of Fas and FasL in paraffin embedded sections. The area of positive stained sites was selected and measured using image analyses software (Image Pro-Plus 6.0). So the positive index (PI) was calculated to estimate the intensity of protein expression according to the percentage of positive area in corresponding compartment of the placentomes. In cotyledonary villi, Fas mainly presented on the villous trophoblast cells in early pregnancy. The positive index reached a maximum of 20.7±8.8 at the third month of pregnancy. Then Fas was declined rapidly along with the progress of gestation and the value was 2.8±1.3 after the 7th month of pregnancy. However, in caruncular crypts, Fas was mainly localized to isolated cells or clustered cells of the uterine stroma underlying the caruncular epithelium. The intensity was lower and the positive index was changed between 4.7±0.9 and 8.5±1.6 throughout gestation. For FasL, it gave a distinct immunostained distribution. In cotyledonary villi, FasL was localized dominantly and strongly in the cytoplasm of binuclear, mononuclear and trinuclear trophoblast giant cells (TGC). The positive index of FasL maintained a moderate level all through the gestation. In caruncular crypts, the expression of FasL was weak and the positive index was declined. Only in the first two months, maternal uterine epithelial cells intensely expressed FasL and the index reached to the maximum of 19.8±5.2. The result of subcellular localization of Fas ligand using immunoelectron microscopy technology indicated that FasL was subcellular located in some intracellular vesicles of TGC. This means the vesicles of trophoblast giant cells itself can express FasL. By the TUNEL method, apoptosis was detected in yak placentomes. The amount of apoptotic cells was rare. The fetal chorionic trophoblast cells and caruncular crypt epithelium cells demonstrated higher percentage of apoptosis in middle pregnancy, which suggested that apoptosis plays an important role in placental cellular regeneration. In addition, the apoptosis of maternal caruncular stromal cells provides a local mechanism for maternal immunotolerance to the fetus and this mechanism was mediated by Fas-FasL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan JiangFeng
- Academic of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
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35
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Benedictus L, Jorritsma R, Knijn H, Vos P, Koets A. Chemotactic activity of cotyledons for mononuclear leukocytes related to occurrence of retained placenta in dexamethasone induced parturition in cattle. Theriogenology 2011; 76:802-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rici REG, Facciotti PR, Maria DA, Fernandes VM, Ambrósio CE, Miglino MA. Evaluation of the contribution of the placentomal fusion during gestation in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 126:143-50. [PMID: 21757304 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The placenta of mammals is a structure formed by the juxtaposition of the fetal membranes and the maternal tissues. The main function of the placenta is to regulate the physiological interchange between the fetus and the mother as well as to operate as an important endocrine organ during the gestation. The placentomal fusions were characterized throughout gestation of cattle using macroscopic, histological and flow cytometry analyses. Analyzing the cell cycle phases with a flow cytometry, a balance between the G2M phase and apoptosis was observed, suggesting that the placentomal fusions do not interfere in the placentary maturation process, which is a pre-requirement for the fetal-maternal disconnection and the release of fetal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E G Rici
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-14 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 during bovine placentation and at term with or without placental retention. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1104-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu B, Cui Y, Yang B, Fan J, Zhao Z, Yu S. Morphometric analysis of yak placentomes during gestation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 293:1873-9. [PMID: 20830763 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To study the morphological characteristics of placentomes during gestation, thirty-one yaks were used to determine anatomical and histological data of placentomes by morphometric method. The results showed that there were no significant changes in the total number of yak placentomes during gestation, but remarkably fewer placentomes in the non-pregnant horn compared with the pregnant horn. The mean size of placentomes increased significantly from <61 days to 181-210 days and decreased in 211+ days. The development of placentomes in the pregnant horn were obviously different from that of the non-pregnant horn except <61 days, which were longer, wider, and thicker. The volume density of fetal villi increased during gestation, with a concomitant reduction in the volume density of caruncular endometrium. However, there was no significant change in the surface density of fetal villi. The volume density of binucleate cell increased in prophase and then decreased. No apparent changes in the volume densities of maternal and fetal pyknotic cell occurred throughout gestation. There was a significant increase in the average total volume of yak placentomes from 61-90 days to 181-210 days and a significant decrease in 211+ days. The same patterns were showed in the average total volumes of caruncular endometrium and binucleate cell as well as the mean total surface area of fetal villi. However, the mean total volumes of fetal villi, maternal and fetal pyknotic cell increased constantly with increasing gestation time. Three types of placentome shape were identified in yak. The results showed that the maternal-fetal contact area of yak was enlarged by increasing the placentome size as well as the total volume and surface area of placentome component during pregnancy, so placental function could be enhanced further to meet the needs of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Kamemori Y, Wakamiya K, Nishimura R, Hosaka Y, Ohtani S, Okuda K. Expressions of apoptosis-regulating factors in bovine retained placenta. Placenta 2011; 32:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Meça K, Martins A, Del Puerto H, Vasconcelos A. Apoptose e expressão de Bcl-2 e das caspases 3 e 8 em placenta bovina, em diferentes estádios de gestação. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptose e seus mecanismos reguladores são eventos fisiológicos cruciais para a manutenção da homeostase placentária, e o desequilíbrio desses processos pode comprometer a função placentária e, consequentemente, o sucesso da gravidez. Neste estudo, investigou-se a apoptose utilizando-se histomorfometria em lâminas coradas em HE e submetidas à reação de TUNEL. Além disso, avaliou-se a expressão de Bcl-2 e das caspases 8 e 3, pela reação de polimerase em cadeia em tempo real, em placentas saudáveis em diferentes estádios de gestação. Amostras de placentônios de vacas com quatro, seis e nove meses de gestação foram colhidas e processadas. O índice apoptótico aumentou progressivamente com o avanço da gestação. Tanto o Bcl-2 quanto as caspases 3 e 8 foram expressas nos três períodos estudados, sendo a expressão de Bcl-2 menor que a de caspase 8, que é menor que a de caspase 3. Estes resultados indicam que essas moléculas estão envolvidas na via apoptótica ativada na maturação placentária, exibindo um padrão de expressão ao longo da gestação e contribuindo para o equilíbrio fisiológico da celularidade e renovação celular na placenta bovina.
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41
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McNaughton AP, Murray RD. Structure and function of the bovine fetomaternal unit in relation to the causes of retained fetal membranes. Vet Rec 2009; 165:615-22. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.165.21.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. McNaughton
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; School of Veterinary Clinical Science; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston Cheshire CH64 7TE
| | - R. D. Murray
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital; School of Veterinary Clinical Science; University of Liverpool, Leahurst; Chester High Road Neston Cheshire CH64 7TE
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Cell cycle and apoptosis in normal and cloned bovine near-term placentae. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 115:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Facciotti PR, Rici REG, Maria DA, Bertolini M, Ambrósio CE, Miglino MA. Patterns of cell proliferation and apoptosis by topographic region in normal Bos taurus vs. Bos indicus crossbreeds bovine placentae during pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:25. [PMID: 19331666 PMCID: PMC2669090 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental and fetal growth requires high rates of cellular turnover and differentiation, which contributes to conceptus development. The trophoblast has unique properties and a wide range of metabolic, endocrine and angiogenic functions, but the proliferative profile of the bovine placenta characterized by flow cytometry analysis and its role in fetal development are currently uncharacterized. Complete understanding of placental apoptotic and proliferative rates may be relevant to development, especially if related to the pathogenesis of pregnancy losses and placental abnormalities. METHODS In this study, the proliferation activity and apoptosis in different regions of normal bovine placenta (central and boundary regions of placentomes, placentomal fusion, microplacentomes, and interplacentomal regions), from distinct gestation periods (Days 70 to 290 of pregnancy), were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Our results indicated that microplacentomes presented a lower number of apoptotic cells throughout pregnancy, with a higher proliferative activity by the end of gestation, suggesting that such structures do not contribute significantly to normal of placental functions and conceptus development during pregnancy. The placentome edges revealed a higher number of apoptotic cells from Day 170 on, which suggests that placentome detachment may well initiate in this region. CONCLUSION Variations involving proliferation and apoptotic rates may influence placental maturation and detachment, compromising placental functions and leading to fetal stress, abnormalities in development and abortion, as frequently seen in bovine pregnancies from in vitro fertilization and cloning procedures. Our findings describing the pattern of cell proliferation and apoptosis in normal bovine pregnancies may be useful for unraveling some of the developmental deviations seen in nature and after in vitro embryo manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Facciotti
- Department of Surgery of the São Paulo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Rose EG Rici
- Department of Surgery of the São Paulo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Durvanei A Maria
- Biochemical and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bertolini
- UDESC – Santa Catarina State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Ambrósio
- Department of Basic Science/FZEA, São Paulo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maria A Miglino
- Department of Surgery of the São Paulo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
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Kizaki K, Ushizawa K, Takahashi T, Yamada O, Todoroki J, Sato T, Ito A, Hashizume K. Gelatinase (MMP-2 and -9) expression profiles during gestation in the bovine endometrium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:66. [PMID: 19116037 PMCID: PMC2615774 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various molecules participate in implantation and maintaining endometrial function during gestation. The remodeling of endometrial matrices is a necessary process in the coordination of gestational progress. Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) like gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9) and collagenase (MMP-1) are considered to play important roles in this process. We examined MMP-2 and -9 expression using zymography, in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, and microarray analysis to clarify their roles in the bovine endometrium during gestation. METHODS Endometria, placentomes, and fetal membranes were collected from Japanese black cows that were killed on day 15 to 252 of gestation or during their estrous cycle. The gene expression of MMP-related molecules (mainly MMP-2 and -9) was examined using a custom-made microarray, real-time RT-PCR, and in-situ hybridization. Gelatinase activity was detected by zymography and film in situ zymography. RESULTS Both gelatinases were expressed in the endometrium and fetal tissues throughout gestation. MMP-2 gene expression declined with the progress of gestation, but its intensity was maintained at a high level during the peri-implantation period and increased in late gestation. The expression level of MMP-9 was stably maintained, but was relatively low compared to that of MMP-2. These gene expression patterns matched those detected by zymography for the proteins. Microarray analysis suggested that the functions of MMP-2 during implantation and the last part of gestation are closely related with those of other molecules such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) 1, membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). CONCLUSION We detected MMP-2 and -9 gene expression in the bovine endometrium and placentome throughout gestation. These data suggest that MMP-2 is one of the main endometrial remodeling factors for implantation and pre-partum in cattle. In cows, as is the case in humans and rodents, gelatinases participate in endometrial remodeling, and their activities depend on the balance of activators and inhibitors; i.e., TIMP, MT-MMP, EMMPRIN, MMP-2, MMP-9, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Ushizawa
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- Miyagi Prefectural Animal Health Hygiene Ogawara Station, Miyagi 989-1243, Japan
| | - Junichi Todoroki
- Team Todoroki ARR, Kurahara, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 855-0051, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hashizume
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Takagi M, Yamamoto D, Ogawa S, Otoi T, Ohtani M, Miyamoto A. Messenger RNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, endothelin, cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin synthases in bovine placentomes during gestation and the postpartum period. Vet J 2008; 177:398-404. [PMID: 17804266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The bovine placenta contains local vasoactive-related systems, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), endothelin-1 (ET-1), ET-A receptor (ETAR) and ET-B receptor (ETBR), as well as arachidonic acid (AA) cascade-related enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), prostaglandin E-synthase (PGES) and prostaglandin F-synthase (PGFS). The mRNA expression of these molecules was examined in bovine placentomes (caruncles and cotyledons) collected immediately (0 h) and 6h after spontaneous parturition from 15 cows with early (fetal membranes released within 6 h of parturition) or late (fetal membranes released 6-12 h after parturition) detachment, as well as from 15 pregnant cows at a slaughterhouse. Significant differences were observed in expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR mRNAs between gestation and the postpartum period in both caruncles and cotyledons. Significant differences were also found between 0 and 6 h postpartum in the expression of ETBR mRNA in the early detachment group and PGES mRNA in the early and late detachment groups. Compared to PGFS, both Cox-2 and PGES exhibited opposite mRNA expression patterns during gestation and the postpartum period. The vasoactive-related peptide systems and AA cascade-related enzymes may mediate placental development and fetal membrane detachment after parturition in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takagi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0064, Japan.
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SHAH KD, NAKAO T, KUBOTA H, MAEDA T. Relationship of prepartum plasma concentrations of estrone sulfate and estradiol-17? with the weight of the calf and placental parameters in Holstein?Friesian cows. Anim Sci J 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Greven H, Kowalewski MP, Hoffmann B, Geyer J, Rex-Haffner M, Ugele B, Schuler G. Bovine Placental Steroid Sulphatase: Molecular Cloning and Expression Pattern in Placentomes during Gestation and at Parturition. Placenta 2007; 28:889-97. [PMID: 17350090 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Apart from during the prepartal period, the main oestrogen produced by the bovine trophoblast is oestrone sulphate (E1S) which does not bind to nuclear oestrogen receptors (ER). High steroid sulphatase (StS) activities previously detected in the maternal part of bovine placentomes (caruncles) suggest the local activation of E1S ("sulphatase pathway"). Consequently, the expression pattern of StS in bovine placentomes was investigated by immunohistochemistry using an antiserum against human placental StS. Cross-reactivity for bovine StS was confirmed by Western blot yielding a single band of 62 kDa in both bovine and human placenta. Immunostaining for StS was detected in caruncular epithelial cells (CEC), which was clearly related to gestational age. In animals pregnant between 100 and 284 days (n=17), signals were restricted to CEC adjacent to the chorionic plate and basal primary and secondary chorionic villi. After the onset of prepartal luteolysis (days 273-282; n=3) and during active labour (n=5) overall staining intensity had increased substantially and signals occurred ubiquitously in the flattened and partially dismantled caruncular epithelium. A 2204 bp full-length mRNA transcript of the bovine StS exhibiting 74% and 77% sequence identity to human StS on the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, was cloned by RACE-PCR. Real-time RT-PCR detected a 2.5-fold increase of StS-mRNA in prepartal placentomes, which, however, was not statistically significant. The co-localisation of ERalpha and StS in CEC is consistent with a role of placental oestrogens as regulators of caruncular growth and differentiation, and the up-regulation of carunclar StS may be involved in the marked prepartal increase of free oestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Greven
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 106, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Artoni L, Moura C, Barbosa Jr E, Campos D, Pereira F, Papa P. Fator de crescimento fibroblástico básico e seus receptores em relação à atividade proliferativa na placenta bubalina em diferentes fases da gestação. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352007000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estudou-se a distribuição espaço-temporal do fator de crescimento fibroblástico básico (bFGF), do receptor 1 do fator de crescimento fibroblástico (FGFR1) e do receptor 2 do fator de crescimento fibroblástico (FGFR2) na placenta bubalina, correlacionando-a à proliferação celular. Para a detecção do bFGF, FGFR1, FGFR2 e antígeno Ki-67, colheram-se 12 placentas de búfalas nos terços inicial, médio e final da gestação, em abatedouros, e realizaram-se testes de imunoistoquímica. Detectou-se e avaliou-se a expressão do bFGF, do FGFR1, do FGFR2 e do antígeno Ki-67 ao longo da gestação. No compartimento fetal da placenta, observaram-se correlações positivas entre a expressão do bFGF e Ki-67, entre FGFR1 e Ki-67 e entre FGFR2 com Ki-67 (r=0,313, 0,358 e 0,384, respectivamente). No epitélio e estroma maternos observaram-se altas correlações entre FGFR1 e Ki-67 (r=0,739 e r=0,511, respectivamente). Os resultados sugerem envolvimento do bFGF, FGFR1 e FGFR2 na proliferação do trofoblasto enquanto no compartimento materno da placenta bubalina apenas o FGFR1 atuaria como modulador dessa atividade.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.P. Artoni
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
| | | | | | - D.B. Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
| | | | - P.C. Papa
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
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Shah KD, Nakao T, Kubota H, Maeda T. Peripartum Changes in Plasma Estrone Sulfate and Estradiol-17.BETA. Profiles Associated With and Without the Retention of Fetal Membranes in Holstein-Friesian Cattle. J Reprod Dev 2007; 53:279-88. [PMID: 17135712 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in plasma concentrations of estrone sulfate (E(1)S) and estradiol-17beta (E(2)beta) during the peripartum period (from day 10 prepartum to day 1 postpartum) associated with and without retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in Holstein-Friesian cattle (n=42). Plasma samples were analyzed for E(1)S and E(2)beta by ELISA. All parturitions were spontaneous and normal. Of 38 cattle delivering singletons, 29 had no RFM (singleton-normal group) and nine had RFM for more than 12 h (singleton-RFM group). Four cows gave birth to twins, and each twin had its own fetal membrane (FM). Two twinning cows expelled both FMs normally within 12 h (twin-normal group). In the remaining 2 twinning cows (twin-RFM group), the FM was expelled normally for one twin (first), while the FM of the other (second) was retained. There were no significant differences in the E(1)S concentrations or their increments from the concentrations on the preceding day between the normal and RFM groups of singleton cows on any peripartum day. The mean plasma E(2)beta concentrations on each day from day 10 to day 3 prepartum were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the singleton-RFM group compared with the singleton-normal group; however, on days 2 and 1 prepartum, the increments in the E(2)beta concentrations from the concentrations on the preceding days were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the singleton-RFM group than in the singleton-normal group. Thus, the plasma E(1)S concentrations just before parturition may not be associated with RFM. In the cows with RFM, the lower plasma E(2)beta concentrations that were found prior to day 2 prepartum may have been associated with immature placentomes, and the rapid rise in plasma E(2) beta within 1 to 2 days prior to calving may have produced asynchrony of placental and/or fetal maturation in relation to calving, thus resulting in RFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Deo Shah
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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50
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Takagi M, Yamamoto D, Ohtani M, Miyamoto A. Quantitative analysis of messenger RNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), tissue inhibitor-2 of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-2), and steroidogenic enzymes in bovine placentomes during gestation and postpartum. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:801-7. [PMID: 17154296 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the mRNA expression of proteolytic and steroidogenic enzymes in bovine placentomes was examined. Caruncle and cotyledon tissues were collected every 6 hr after spontaneous parturition until the fetal membranes were released. Based on the time of fetal membrane release after parturition, the specimens were classified as follows: (1) the early group, in which the fetal membranes were released within 6 hr after parturition; and (2) the late group, in which the fetal membranes were released 6-12 hr after parturition. The placentomes from a slaughterhouse were additionally collected as samples for the examination of enzymes during the gestation period. The mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the cotyledon was observed to be higher than that in caruncle tissues; however, the mRNA expression patterns of P450scc and StAR tended to be similar in both placental tissues. On the other hand, although the expression levels of TIMP-2 mRNA in both caruncle and cotyledon tissues were similar, during gestation and postpartum the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA were approximately 10 times higher in caruncle than in cotyledon tissue. Marked contrasting changes in mRNA expression patterns between pre- and postpartum periods were observed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 in caruncle tissues and for MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in cotyledon tissues. The present study provides the first evidence that MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 mRNAs are expressed in bovine placentomes during the gestational and postpartum periods and suggests that these enzymes, in conjunction with steroidogenic enzymes, mediate fetal membrane detachment after parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takagi
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Production Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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