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Xu M, Ren P, Tian J, Xiao L, Hu P, Chen P, Li W, Xue L. dGLYAT modulates Gadd45-mediated JNK activation and cell invasion. Cell Div 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35933447 PMCID: PMC9357319 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-022-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis, finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. Aberrant GLYAT expression is associated with human cancers, yet its role in cancer remains unknown. This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila GLYAT in cell invasion. Results We found that dGLYAT regulates Gadd45-mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. Secondary, mRNA-seq analysis identified Gadd45 as a potential transcriptional target of dGLYAT, as depletion of dGLYAT decreased Gadd45 mRNA level. Finally, Gadd45 knockdown suppressed scrib depletion-induced JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. Conclusions These evidences reveal the role of dGLYAT and Gadd45 in JNK-dependent cell invasion, and provide insight for the roles of their human homologs in cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13008-022-00080-5.
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2
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Patel K, Murray MG, Whelan KA. Roles for GADD45 in Development and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:23-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Sirot L, Bansal R, Esquivel CJ, Arteaga-Vázquez M, Herrera-Cruz M, Pavinato VAC, Abraham S, Medina-Jiménez K, Reyes-Hernández M, Dorantes-Acosta A, Pérez-Staples D. Post-mating gene expression of Mexican fruit fly females: disentangling the effects of the male accessory glands. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:480-496. [PMID: 34028117 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mating has profound physiological and behavioural consequences for female insects. During copulation, female insects typically receive not only sperm, but a complex ejaculate containing hundreds of proteins and other molecules from male reproductive tissues, primarily the reproductive accessory glands. The post-mating phenotypes affected by male accessory gland (MAG) proteins include egg development, attraction to oviposition hosts, mating, attractiveness, sperm storage, feeding and lifespan. In the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, mating increases egg production and the latency to remating. However, previous studies have not found a clear relationship between injection of MAG products and oviposition or remating inhibition in this species. We used RNA-seq to study gene expression in mated, unmated and MAG-injected females to understand the potential mating- and MAG-regulated genes and pathways in A. ludens. Both mating and MAG-injection regulated transcripts and pathways related to egg development. Other transcripts regulated by mating included those with orthologs predicted to be involved in immune response, musculature and chemosensory perception, whereas those regulated by MAG-injection were predicted to be involved in translational control, sugar regulation, diet detoxification and lifespan determination. These results suggest new phenotypes that may be influenced by seminal fluid molecules in A. ludens. Understanding these influences is critical for developing novel tools to manage A. ludens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sirot
- The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - R Bansal
- USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - C J Esquivel
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - M Arteaga-Vázquez
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M Herrera-Cruz
- CONACyT- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - V A C Pavinato
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - S Abraham
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetológicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN), PROIMI, Tucumán, Argentina, CONICET, Argentina
| | - K Medina-Jiménez
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - M Reyes-Hernández
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - A Dorantes-Acosta
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - D Pérez-Staples
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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4
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Burbridge K, Holcombe J, Weavers H. Metabolically active and polyploid renal tissues rely on graded cytoprotection to drive developmental and homeostatic stress resilience. Development 2021; 148:dev197343. [PMID: 33913484 PMCID: PMC8214761 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Body tissues are frequently exposed to stress, from toxic byproducts generated during cellular metabolism through to infection or wounding. Although it is well-established that tissues respond to exogenous injury by rapidly upregulating cytoprotective machinery, how energetically demanding tissues - vulnerable to persistent endogenous insult - withstand stress is poorly understood. Here, we show that the cytoprotective factors Nrf2 and Gadd45 act within a specific renal cell subtype, the energetically and biosynthetically active 'principal' cells, to drive stress resilience during Drosophila renal development and homeostasis. Renal tubules lacking Gadd45 exhibit striking morphogenetic defects (with cell death, inflammatory infiltration and reduced ploidy) and accumulate significant DNA damage in post-embryonic life. In parallel, the transcription factor Nrf2 is active during periods of intense renal physiological activity, where it protects metabolically active renal cells from oxidative damage. Despite its constitutive nature, renal cytoprotective activity must be precisely balanced and sustained at modest sub-injury levels; indeed, further experimental elevation dramatically perturbs renal development and function. We suggest that tissues requiring long-term protection must employ restrained cytoprotective activity, whereas higher levels might only be beneficial if activated transiently pre-emptive to exogenous insult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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5
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Abstract
CRISPR-Cas genome editing technologies have revolutionized the fields of functional genetics and genome engineering, but with the recent discovery and optimization of RNA-targeting Cas ribonucleases, we may soon see a similar revolution in the study of RNA function and transcriptome engineering. However, to date, successful proof of principle for Cas ribonuclease RNA targeting in eukaryotic systems has been limited. Only recently has successful modification of RNA expression by a Cas ribonuclease been demonstrated in animal embryos. This previous work, however, did not evaluate endogenous expression of Cas ribonucleases and only focused on function in early developmental stages. A more comprehensive evaluation of this technology is needed to assess its potential impact. Here we report on our efforts to develop a programmable platform for RNA targeting using a Cas ribonuclease, CasRx, in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. By genetically encoding CasRx in flies, we demonstrate moderate transcript targeting of known phenotypic genes in addition to unexpected toxicity and lethality. We also report on the off-target effects following on-target transcript cleavage by CasRx. Taken together, our results present the current state and limitations of a genetically encoded programmable RNA-targeting Cas system in Drosophila melanogaster, paving the way for future optimization of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Buchman
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dan J. Brogan
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ruichen Sun
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patrick D. Hsu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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6
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Weavers H, Wood W, Martin P. Injury Activates a Dynamic Cytoprotective Network to Confer Stress Resilience and Drive Repair. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3851-3862.e4. [PMID: 31668626 PMCID: PMC6868510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In healthy individuals, injured tissues rapidly repair themselves following damage. Within a healing skin wound, recruited inflammatory cells release a multitude of bacteriocidal factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), to eliminate invading pathogens. Paradoxically, while these highly reactive ROS confer resistance to infection, they are also toxic to host tissues and may ultimately delay repair. Repairing tissues have therefore evolved powerful cytoprotective "resilience" machinery to protect against and tolerate this collateral damage. Here, we use in vivo time-lapse imaging and genetic manipulation in Drosophila to dissect the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive tissue resilience to wound-induced stress. We identify a dynamic, cross-regulatory network of stress-activated cytoprotective pathways, linking calcium, JNK, Nrf2, and Gadd45, that act to both "shield" tissues from oxidative damage and promote efficient damage repair. Ectopic activation of these pathways confers stress protection to naive tissue, while their inhibition leads to marked delays in wound closure. Strikingly, the induction of cytoprotection is tightly linked to the pathways that initiate the inflammatory response, suggesting evolution of a fail-safe mechanism for tissue protection each time inflammation is triggered. A better understanding of these resilience mechanisms-their identities and precise spatiotemporal regulation-is of major clinical importance for development of therapeutic interventions for all pathologies linked to oxidative stress, including debilitating chronic non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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7
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Camilleri-Robles C, Serras F, Corominas M. Role of D-GADD45 in JNK-Dependent Apoptosis and Regeneration in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E378. [PMID: 31109086 PMCID: PMC6562583 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GADD45 proteins are induced in response to stress and have been implicated in the regulation of several cellular functions, including DNA repair, cell cycle control, senescence, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the role of D-GADD45 during Drosophila development and regeneration of the wing imaginal discs. We find that higher expression of D-GADD45 results in JNK-dependent apoptosis, while its temporary expression does not have harmful effects. Moreover, D-GADD45 is required for proper regeneration of wing imaginal discs. Our findings demonstrate that a tight regulation of D-GADD45 levels is required for its correct function both, in development and during the stress response after cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camilleri-Robles
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Florenci Serras
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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8
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Centrosome Loss Triggers a Transcriptional Program To Counter Apoptosis-Induced Oxidative Stress. Genetics 2019; 212:187-211. [PMID: 30867197 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes play a critical role in mitotic spindle assembly through their role in microtubule nucleation and bipolar spindle assembly. Loss of centrosomes can impair the ability of some cells to properly conduct mitotic division, leading to chromosomal instability, cell stress, and aneuploidy. Multiple aspects of the cellular response to mitotic error associated with centrosome loss appear to involve activation of JNK signaling. To further characterize the transcriptional effects of centrosome loss, we compared gene expression profiles of wild-type and acentrosomal cells from Drosophila wing imaginal discs. We found elevation of expression of JNK target genes, which we verified at the protein level. Consistent with this, the upregulated gene set showed significant enrichment for the AP-1 consensus DNA-binding sequence. We also found significant elevation in expression of genes regulating redox balance. Based on those findings, we examined oxidative stress after centrosome loss, revealing that acentrosomal wing cells have significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS). We then performed a candidate genetic screen and found that one of the genes upregulated in acentrosomal cells, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, plays an important role in buffering acentrosomal cells against increased ROS and helps protect those cells from cell death. Our data and other recent studies have revealed a complex network of signaling pathways, transcriptional programs, and cellular processes that epithelial cells use to respond to stressors, like mitotic errors, to help limit cell damage and maintain normal tissue development.
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9
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Sun Y, Zhang D, Li C, Huang J, Li W, Qiu Y, Mao A, Zhou M, Xue L. Lic regulates JNK-mediated cell death in Drosophila. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12593. [PMID: 30847993 PMCID: PMC6536442 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The evolutionary conserved JNK pathway plays crucial role in cell death, yet factors that modulate this signalling have not been fully disclosed. In this study, we aim to identify additional factors that regulate JNK signalling in cell death, and characterize the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods Drosophila were raised on standard media, and cross was carried out at 25°C. The Gal4/UAS system was used to express proteins or RNAi in a specific temporal and spatial pattern. Gene expression was revealed by GFP fluorescence, X‐gal staining or immunostaining of 3rd instar larval eye and wing discs. Cell death was visualized by acridine orange (AO) staining. Images of fly eyes and wings were taken by OLYMPUS microscopes. Results We found that licorne (lic) encoding the Drosophila MKK3 is an essential regulator of JNK‐mediated cell death. Firstly, loss of lic suppressed ectopic Egr‐triggered JNK activation and cell death in eye and wing development. Secondary, lic is necessary for loss‐of‐cell polarity‐induced, physiological JNK‐dependent cell death in wing development. Thirdly, Lic overexpression is sufficient to initiate JNK‐mediated cell death in developing eyes and wings. Furthermore, ectopic Lic activates JNK signalling by promoting JNK phosphorylation. Finally, genetic epistatic analysis confirmed that Lic acts in parallel with Hep in the Egr‐JNK pathway. Conclusions This study not only identified Lic as a novel component of the JNK signalling, but also disclosed the crucial roles and mechanism of Lic in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Sun
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwu Mao
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingcheng Zhou
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xue
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Goetz AE, Wilkinson M. Stress and the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3509-3531. [PMID: 28503708 PMCID: PMC5683946 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to internal and external cellular stressors by activating stress-response pathways that re-establish homeostasis. If homeostasis is not achieved in a timely manner, stress pathways trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis) to preserve organism integrity. A highly conserved stress pathway is the unfolded protein response (UPR), which senses excessive amounts of unfolded proteins in the ER. While a physiologically beneficial pathway, the UPR requires tight regulation to provide a beneficial outcome and avoid deleterious consequences. Recent work has demonstrated that a conserved and highly selective RNA degradation pathway-nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD)-serves as a major regulator of the UPR pathway. NMD degrades mRNAs encoding UPR components to prevent UPR activation in response to innocuous ER stress. In response to strong ER stress, NMD is inhibited by the UPR to allow for a full-magnitude UPR response. Recent studies have indicated that NMD also has other stress-related functions, including promoting the timely termination of the UPR to avoid apoptosis; NMD also regulates responses to non-ER stressors, including hypoxia, amino-acid deprivation, and pathogen infection. NMD regulates stress responses in species across the phylogenetic scale, suggesting that it has conserved roles in shaping stress responses. Stress pathways are frequently constitutively activated or dysregulated in human disease, raising the possibility that "NMD therapy" may provide clinical benefit by downmodulating stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Goetz
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Miles Wilkinson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, USA.
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11
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Raposa B, Pónusz R, Gerencsér G, Budán F, Gyöngyi Z, Tibold A, Hegyi D, Kiss I, Koller Á, Varjas T. Food additives: Sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, azorubine, and tartrazine modify the expression of NFκB, GADD45α, and MAPK8 genes. Physiol Int 2017; 103:334-343. [PMID: 28229641 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that some of the food additives may cause sensitization, inflammation of tissues, and potentially risk factors in the development of several chronic diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that expressions of common inflammatory molecules - known to be involved in the development of various inflammatory conditions and cancers - are affected by these food additives. We investigated the effects of commonly used food preservatives and artificial food colorants based on the expressions of NFκB, GADD45α, and MAPK8 (JNK1) from the tissues of liver. RNA was isolated based on Trizol protocol and the activation levels were compared between the treated and the control groups. Tartrazine alone could elicit effects on the expressions of NFκB (p = 0.013) and MAPK8 (p = 0.022). Azorubine also resulted in apoptosis according to MAPK8 expression (p = 0.009). Preservatives were anti-apoptotic in high dose. Sodium benzoate (from low to high doses) dose-dependently silenced MAPK8 expression (p = 0.004 to p = 0.002). Addition of the two preservatives together elicited significantly greater expression of MAPK8 at half-fold dose (p = 0.002) and at fivefold dose (p = 0.008). This study suggests that some of the food preservatives and colorants can contribute to the activation of inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Raposa
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary.,2 Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - R Pónusz
- 3 Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - G Gerencsér
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - F Budán
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z Gyöngyi
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Tibold
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - D Hegyi
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - I Kiss
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - Á Koller
- 4 Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education , Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Varjas
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
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12
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Garschall K, Dellago H, Gáliková M, Schosserer M, Flatt T, Grillari J. Ubiquitous overexpression of the DNA repair factor dPrp19 reduces DNA damage and extends Drosophila life span. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2017. [PMID: 28649423 PMCID: PMC5445577 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that ensure and maintain the stability of genetic information are fundamentally important for organismal function and can have a large impact on disease, aging, and life span. While a multi-layered cellular apparatus exists to detect and respond to DNA damage, various insults from environmental and endogenous sources continuously affect DNA integrity. Over time this can lead to the accumulation of somatic mutations, which is thought to be one of the major causes of aging. We have previously found that overexpression of the essential human DNA repair and splicing factor SNEV, also called PRP19 or hPso4, extends replicative life span of cultured human endothelial cells and impedes accumulation of DNA damage. Here, we show that adult-specific overexpression of dPrp19, the D. melanogaster ortholog of human SNEV/PRP19/hPso4, robustly extends life span in female fruit flies. This increase in life span is accompanied by reduced levels of DNA damage and improved resistance to oxidative and genotoxic stress. Our findings suggest that dPrp19 plays an evolutionarily conserved role in aging, life span modulation and stress resistance, and support the notion that superior DNA maintenance is key to longevity. Increasing levels of DNA repair factor Prp19 in fruit flies extends their life span and protects against stress. Prp19 is a protein that is present in a wide range of organisms and enables human endothelial cells to live longer in vitro. In this article, an international team of scientists from Austria, Germany and Switzerland found that higher Prp19 levels also prolong the life span of a whole organism in fruit flies, reduce DNA damage and increase survival when exposed to DNA damaging compounds. In contrast to female flies, males were unaffected. Their findings support the long-held view that repair of DNA damage, one of the hallmarks of aging, is key to longevity. They also provide an intriguing but poorly understood connection between cellular aging and the survival of whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Garschall
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Dellago
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Gáliková
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna Austria.,Department of Developmental Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Dept. of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Nelson JO, Moore KA, Chapin A, Hollien J, Metzstein MM. Degradation of Gadd45 mRNA by nonsense-mediated decay is essential for viability. eLife 2016; 5:e12876. [PMID: 26952209 PMCID: PMC4848089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway functions to degrade both abnormal and wild-type mRNAs. NMD is essential for viability in most organisms, but the molecular basis for this requirement is unknown. Here we show that a single, conserved NMD target, the mRNA coding for the stress response factor growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible 45 (GADD45) can account for lethality in Drosophila lacking core NMD genes. Moreover, depletion of Gadd45 in mammalian cells rescues the cell survival defects associated with NMD knockdown. Our findings demonstrate that degradation of Gadd45 mRNA is the essential NMD function and, surprisingly, that the surveillance of abnormal mRNAs by this pathway is not necessarily required for viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Kristin A Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Alex Chapin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Julie Hollien
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Mark M Metzstein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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Moskalev A, Zhikrivetskaya S, Krasnov G, Shaposhnikov M, Proshkina E, Borisoglebsky D, Danilov A, Peregudova D, Sharapova I, Dobrovolskaya E, Solovev I, Zemskaya N, Shilova L, Snezhkina A, Kudryavtseva A. A comparison of the transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster in response to entomopathogenic fungus, ionizing radiation, starvation and cold shock. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 13:S8. [PMID: 26694630 PMCID: PMC4686790 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s13-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms that determine the organism's response to a variety of doses and modalities of stress factors are not well understood. Results We studied effects of ionizing radiation (144, 360 and 864 Gy), entomopathogenic fungus (10 and 100 CFU), starvation (16 h), and cold shock (+4, 0 and -4°C) on an organism's viability indicators (survival and locomotor activity) and transcriptome changes in the Drosophila melanogaster model. All stress factors but cold shock resulted in a decrease of lifespan proportional to the dose of treatment. However, stress-factors affected locomotor activity without correlation with lifespan. Our data revealed both significant similarities and differences in differential gene expression and the activity of biological processes under the influence of stress factors. Conclusions Studied doses of stress treatments deleteriously affect the organism's viability and lead to different changes of both general and specific cellular stress response mechanisms.
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16
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Drosophila oocyte polarity and cytoskeleton organization require regulation of Ik2 activity by Spn-F and Javelin-like. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4371-80. [PMID: 24019068 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00713-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster Spn-F, Ik2, and Javelin-like (Jvl) proteins interact to regulate oocyte mRNA localization and cytoskeleton organization. However, the mechanism by which these proteins interact remains unclear. Using antibodies to activated Ik2, we showed that this protein is found at the region of oocyte and follicle cell where microtubule minus ends are enriched. We demonstrate that germ line Ik2 activation is diminished both in jvl and in spn-F mutant ovaries. Structure-function analysis of Spn-F revealed that the C-terminal end is critical for protein function, since it alone was able to rescue spn-F sterility. On the other hand, germ line expression of Spn-F lacking its conserved C-terminal region (Spn-FΔC) phenocopied ik2, leading to production of ventralized eggshell and bicaudal embryos. In Spn-FΔC-expressing oocytes, Gurken protein is mislocalized and oskar mRNA and protein localization is disrupted. Expression of Ik2 rescued Spn-FΔC ovarian phenotypes. We found that whereas Spn-F physically interacts with Ik2 and Jvl, Spn-FΔC physically interacts with Ik2 but not with Jvl. Thus, expression of Spn-FΔC, which lacks the Jvl-interacting domain, probably interferes with interaction of Ik2 and Jvl. In summary, our results demonstrate that Spn-F mediates the interaction between Ik2 and Jvl to control Ik2 activity.
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Moskalev A, Plyusnina E, Shaposhnikov M, Shilova L, Kazachenok A, Zhavoronkov A. The role of D-GADD45 in oxidative, thermal and genotoxic stress resistance. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4222-41. [PMID: 23095639 PMCID: PMC3524218 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a relationship between various cellular stress factors and aging. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that overexpression of the D-GADD45 gene increases the life span of Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we investigate the relationship between D-GADD45 activity and resistance to oxidative, genotoxic and thermal stresses as well as starvation. In most cases, flies with constitutive and conditional D-GADD45 overexpression in the nervous system were more stress-resistant than ones without overexpression. At the same time, most of the studied stress factors increased D-GADD45 expression in the wild-type strain. The lifespan-extending effect of D-GADD45 overexpression was also retained after exposure to chronic and acute gamma-irradiation, with doses of 40 сGy and 30 Gy, respectively. However, knocking out D-GADD45 resulted in a significant reduction in lifespan, lack of radiation hormesis and radioadaptive response. A dramatic decrease in the spontaneous level of D-GADD45 expression was observed in the nervous system as age progressed, which may be one of the causes of the age-related deterioration of organismal stress resistance. Thus, D-GADD45 expression is activated by most of the studied stress factors, and D-GADD45 overexpression resulted in an increase of stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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van Bergeijk P, Heimiller J, Uyetake L, Su TT. Genome-wide expression analysis identifies a modulator of ionizing radiation-induced p53-independent apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36539. [PMID: 22666323 PMCID: PMC3362589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 plays a key role in DNA damage responses in metazoa, yet more than half of human tumors show p53 deficiencies. Therefore, understanding how therapeutic genotoxins such as ionizing radiation (IR) can elicit DNA damage responses in a p53-independent manner is of clinical importance. Drosophila has been a good model to study the effects of IR because DNA damage responses as well as underlying genes are conserved in this model, and because streamlined gene families make loss-of-function analyses feasible. Indeed, Drosophila is the only genetically tractable model for IR-induced, p53-independent apoptosis and for tissue regeneration and homeostasis after radiation damage. While these phenomenon occur only in the larvae, all genome-wide gene expression analyses after irradiation to date have been in embryos. We report here the first analysis of IR-induced, genome-wide gene expression changes in wild type and p53 mutant Drosophila larvae. Key data from microarrays were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. The results solidify the central role of p53 in IR-induced transcriptome changes, but also show that nearly all changes are made of both p53-dependent and p53-independent components. p53 is found to be necessary not just for the induction of but also for the repression of transcript levels for many genes in response to IR. Furthermore, Functional analysis of one of the top-changing genes, EF1a-100E, implicates it in repression of IR-induced p53-independent apoptosis. These and other results support the emerging notion that there is not a single dominant mechanism but that both positive and negative inputs collaborate to induce p53-independent apoptosis in response to IR in Drosophila larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra van Bergeijk
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joseph Heimiller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lyle Uyetake
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Plyusnina EN, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Geroprotective effects of activation of D-GADD45 DNA reparation gene in Drosophila melanogaster nervous system. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 152:340-3. [PMID: 22803081 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The expression of D-GADD45 gene involved in DNA reparation in Drosophila melanogaster decreases with age. Overexpression of D-GADD45 in the drosophila nervous system prolongs the median and maximum life span without deterioration of the quality of life parameters (fertility and neuromuscular activity). The life span prolongation effect is due to more effective DNA reparation, as spontaneous level of DNA aberrations in the nerve tissue of larvae with D-GADD45 overexpression is reduced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Plyusnina
- Institute of Biology, Komi Research Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Plyusnina EN, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Increase of Drosophila melanogaster lifespan due to D-GADD45 overexpression in the nervous system. Biogerontology 2011; 12:211-26. [PMID: 21153055 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The GADD45 protein family plays an important role in stress signaling and participates in the integration of cellular response to environmental and physiological factors. GADD45 proteins are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell survival and aging, and inflammatory response by complicated protein-protein interactions. In Drosophila melanogaster a single D-GADD45 ortholog (GG1086) has been described. Our data show that overexpression of the D-GADD45 gene in the nervous system leads to a significantly increase of Drosophila lifespan without a decrease in fecundity and locomotor activity. The lifespan extension effect is more pronounced in males than in females, which agrees with the sex-dependent expression of this gene. The longevity of D. melanogaster with D-GADD45 overexpression is apparently due to more efficient recognition and repair of DNA damage, as the DNA comet assay showed that the spontaneous DNA damage in the larva neuroblasts is reduced with statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Plyusnina
- Ural Division, Komi Science Center, Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Sytnikova YA, Kubarenko AV, Schäfer A, Weber ANR, Niehrs C. Gadd45a is an RNA binding protein and is localized in nuclear speckles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14500. [PMID: 21249130 PMCID: PMC3017548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Gadd45 proteins play important roles in growth control, maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Recently, Gadd45 proteins have also been implicated in epigenetic gene regulation by promoting active DNA demethylation. Gadd45 proteins have sequence homology with the L7Ae/L30e/S12e RNA binding superfamily of ribosomal proteins, which raises the question if they may interact directly with nucleic acids. Principal Findings Here we show that Gadd45a binds RNA but not single- or double stranded DNA or methylated DNA in vitro. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation experiments demonstrate that Gadd45a is present in high molecular weight particles, which are RNase sensitive. Gadd45a displays RNase-sensitive colocalization in nuclear speckles with the RNA helicase p68 and the RNA binding protein SC35. A K45A point mutation defective in RNA binding was still active in DNA demethylation. This suggests that RNA binding is not absolutely essential for demethylation of an artificial substrate. A point mutation at G39 impared RNA binding, nuclear speckle localization and DNA demethylation, emphasizing its relevance for Gadd45a function. Significance The results implicate RNA in Gadd45a function and suggest that Gadd45a is associated with a ribonucleoprotein particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya A. Sytnikova
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andriy V. Kubarenko
- Division of Toll-like Receptors and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schäfer
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander N. R. Weber
- Division of Toll-like Receptors and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Neilson KM, Pignoni F, Yan B, Moody SA. Developmental expression patterns of candidate cofactors for vertebrate six family transcription factors. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:3446-66. [PMID: 21089078 PMCID: PMC3059517 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six family transcription factors play important roles in craniofacial development. Their transcriptional activity can be modified by cofactor proteins. Two Six genes and one cofactor gene (Eya1) are involved in the human Branchio-otic (BO) and Branchio-otic-renal (BOR) syndromes. However, mutations in Six and Eya genes only account for approximately half of these patients. To discover potential new causative genes, we searched the Xenopus genome for orthologues of Drosophila cofactor proteins that interact with the fly Six-related factor, SO. We identified 33 Xenopus genes with high sequence identity to 20 of the 25 fly SO-interacting proteins. We provide the developmental expression patterns of the Xenopus orthologues for 11 of the fly genes, and demonstrate that all are expressed in developing craniofacial tissues with at least partial overlap with Six1/Six2. We speculate that these genes may function as Six-interacting partners with important roles in vertebrate craniofacial development and perhaps congenital syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Neilson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Blanco E, Ruiz-Romero M, Beltran S, Bosch M, Punset A, Serras F, Corominas M. Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:94. [PMID: 20813047 PMCID: PMC2939566 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regeneration is the ability of an organism to rebuild a body part that has been damaged or amputated, and can be studied at the molecular level using model organisms. Drosophila imaginal discs, which are the larval primordia of adult cuticular structures, are capable of undergoing regenerative growth after transplantation and in vivo culture into the adult abdomen. RESULTS Using expression profile analyses, we studied the regenerative behaviour of wing discs at 0, 24 and 72 hours after fragmentation and implantation into adult females. Based on expression level, we generated a catalogue of genes with putative role in wing disc regeneration, identifying four classes: 1) genes with differential expression within the first 24 hours; 2) genes with differential expression between 24 and 72 hours; 3) genes that changed significantly in expression levels between the two time periods; 4) genes with a sustained increase or decrease in their expression levels throughout regeneration. Among these genes, we identified members of the JNK and Notch signalling pathways and chromatin regulators. Through computational analysis, we recognized putative binding sites for transcription factors downstream of these pathways that are conserved in multiple Drosophilids, indicating a potential relationship between members of the different gene classes. Experimental data from genetic mutants provide evidence of a requirement of selected genes in wing disc regeneration. CONCLUSIONS We have been able to distinguish various classes of genes involved in early and late steps of the regeneration process. Our data suggests the integration of signalling pathways in the promoters of regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Blanco
- Departament de Genètica, and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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