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Asri AK, Lee HY, Chen YL, Wong PY, Hsu CY, Chen PC, Lung SCC, Chen YC, Wu CD. A machine learning-based ensemble model for estimating diurnal variations of nitrogen oxide concentrations in Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170209. [PMID: 38278267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is inextricable from human activity patterns. This is especially true for nitrogen oxide (NOx), a pollutant that exists naturally and also as a result of anthropogenic factors. Assessing exposure by considering diurnal variation is a challenge that has not been widely studied. Incorporating 27 years of data, we attempted to estimate diurnal variations in NOx across Taiwan. We developed a machine learning-based ensemble model that integrated hybrid kriging-LUR, machine-learning, and an ensemble learning approach. Hybrid kriging-LUR was performed to select the most influential predictors, and machine-learning algorithms were applied to improve model performance. The three best machine-learning algorithms were suited and reassessed to develop ensemble learning that was designed to improve model performance. Our ensemble model resulted in estimates of daytime, nighttime, and daily NOx with high explanatory powers (Adj-R2) of 0.93, 0.98, and 0.94, respectively. These explanatory powers increased from the initial model that used only hybrid kriging-LUR. Additionally, the results depicted the temporal variation of NOx, with concentrations higher during the daytime than the nighttime. Regarding spatial variation, the highest NOx concentrations were identified in northern and western Taiwan. Model evaluations confirmed the reliability of the models. This study could serve as a reference for regional planning supporting emission control for environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aji Kusumaning Asri
- Department of Geomatics, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lee
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- Department of Geomatics, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Yu Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Sharma J, Dhiman P, Kumar A, Sharma G. Advances in photocatalytic NO oxidation by Z-scheme heterojunctions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117431. [PMID: 37866538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The fast development of urbanisation and industrialisation has led to a rise in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, specifically nitric oxide (NO). One effective method for reducing the harmful effects of this dangerous air pollutant on both human health and the environment is the photocatalytic oxidation of NO. Z-scheme heterojunctions enhance incident light utilisation and increase photocatalytic activity, eventually leading to better NO oxidation performance by encouraging the effective separation of charges and migration. A comprehensive discussion of Z-scheme-based heterojunctions is provided in this review paper, with a focus on their applications in the photocatalytic oxidation of NO. Significant progress has been made in the fabrication of efficient photocatalytic devices in recent years, with Z-scheme-based heterojunctions proving to be particularly successful. The review looks into the various methodologies used to create Z-scheme-based heterojunctions as well as photocatalytic NO oxidation mechanisms. Recent studies on photocatalysts employing Z-scheme heterojunctions for the photocatalytic oxidation of NO are also discussed. The possibilities for new opportunities as well as the present challenges, barriers, advances, and solutions have been emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India
| | - Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India
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Singh AK, Kumar M, Bauddh K, Singh A, Singh P, Madhav S, Shukla SK. Environmental impacts of air pollution and its abatement by plant species: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79587-79616. [PMID: 37322401 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the major global environmental issues urgently needed attention for its control through sustainable approaches. The release of air pollutants from various anthropogenic and natural processes imposes serious threats to the environment and human health. The green belt development using air pollution-tolerant plant species has become popular approach for air pollution remediation. Plants' biochemical and physiological attributes, especially relative water content, pH, ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll content, are taken into account for assessing air pollution tolerance index (APTI). In contrast, anticipated performance index (API) is assessed based on socio-economic characteristics including "canopy structure, type, habit, laminar structure, economic value and APTI score" of plant species. Based on previous work, plants with high dust-capturing capacity are identified in Ficus benghalensis L. (0.95 to 7.58 mg/cm2), and highest overall PM accumulation capacity was observed in Ulmus pumila L. (PM10 = 72 µg/cm2 and PM2.5 = 70 µg/cm2) in the study from different regions. According to APTI, the plant species such as M. indica (11 to 29), Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (6 to 24), and F. benghalensis (17 to 26) have been widely reported as high air pollution-tolerant species and good to best performer in terms of API at different study sites. Statistically, previous studies show that ascorbic acid (R2 = 0.90) has good correlation with APTI among all the parameters. The plant species with high pollution tolerance capacity can be recommended for future plantation and green belt development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Kuldeep Bauddh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Ajai Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222
| | - Pardeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India, 110065
| | - Sughosh Madhav
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India, 110025
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 835222.
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Zouhir A, Souiai O, Harigua E, Cherif A, Chaalia AB, Sebei K. ANTIPSEUDOBASE: Database of Antimicrobial Peptides and Essential Oils Against Pseudomonas. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Santos A, Lucarevschi B, Cunha C, Ribeiro P, Cesar A, Nascimento L. Exposure to air pollution and hospitalization due to COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12273. [PMID: 36383802 PMCID: PMC9668087 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory diseases is well known. This study aimed to identify the association between this exposure and hospitalizations for COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, SP, a medium-sized city, between April 2020 and April 2021. Hospitalization data, concerning code B34.2, was supplied by DATASUS, and data concerning pollutants and climate variables were supplied by CETESB. Cases were quantified by sex, age, length of hospital stay in days, and type of discharge, whether hospital discharge or death. The negative binomial regression model was chosen. Estimates were produced for the relative risk (RR) of significant exposure to pollutants (P≤0.05) with a 10 µg/m3 increase of pollutant, as well as for excess hospitalizations. There were 1873 hospitalizations, with a daily average of 4.7 (±3.8), ranging from zero to 21: 716 deaths (38.2%) were recorded, 1065 admissions were men, and women were less susceptible (OR=0.82). The average age of women was higher than that of men; in cases of death, men were older than women; discharged patients were younger. All the above variables were significant. The risk of ozone exposure was higher and more significant in Lag 2, and the risk of nitrogen dioxide exposure was high in Lag 3, which was the period of the highest increase in hospitalizations, at 11.3%. The findings of this study, the first conducted in Brazil, corroborate the results of studies conducted in other centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.O.R. Santos
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | - B.R. Lucarevschi
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | - C.J.D. Cunha
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil
| | - P.C. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil
| | - A.C.G. Cesar
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brasil
| | - L.F. Nascimento
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
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Air pollution and public health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC): a systematic review with meta-analysis. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:122. [PMID: 36196224 PMCID: PMC9523187 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the years, air pollution has garnered increased attention from researchers who continue to provide studies and suggestive data that prove there is an ever-increasing risk of air pollution on the health of humans, terrestrial, and aquatic animals. A measurement involved in the quantity of certain traceable particles within the air, namely: Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 and 10, ozone (O3), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, all converted to Air Quality Index. Most studies are predominantly from developed nations with limited research conducted in developing nations such as those in Latin America and the Caribbean. Main body In this systematic review, we examined the impact of air pollution on public health. A database search produced 1,118 studies, of which four were selected for a quantitative meta-analysis that explored hazard ratios concerning exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5. The meta-analysis results show that exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of an adverse health event by as much as 2% five days after exposure. Results also indicated a consensus on the negative impacts of air pollution on public health. The results also suggest that more can be done within the region to combat or at the very least minimize the impact of air pollution to public health. Conclusion The pooled data from the studies reviewed show that there is an increased risk of an adverse health event on the day of exposure to PM2.5 and every subsequent day after exposure. A pattern exists between hospitalization and air pollution due to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections and asthma development. Combating the harmful effects of air pollution should be a top priority in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Cunha-Zeri G, Guidolini JF, Branco EA, Ometto JP. How sustainable is the nitrogen management in Brazil? A sustainability assessment using the Entropy Weight Method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115330. [PMID: 35658265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution is one of Brazil's most threatening and challenging environmental problems, caused mainly by productive activities aimed at meeting the demand of food, energy, and housing by a fast-growing population. Sustainable nitrogen management involves optimizing the beneficial effects of reactive nitrogen (Nr) use and, at the same time, mitigating the negative impacts of its excess on the environment and human health. Here we conduct an assessment of nitrogen sustainability in Brazil from 2000 to 2018 applying the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) to a set of nitrogen-related indicators within four subsystems: environmental, economic, social, and institutional. Our research objectives are to determine an overall Nitrogen Sustainability Index and discuss the relevance of indicators linked to the main anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution. By our analysis, the following indicators play a key role in determining nitrogen sustainability levels in the country: political stability, fertilizer consumption, population growth, and investments in water and sanitation. Our findings suggest that political and institutional concerns are greatly impacting sustainable actions towards nitrogen management, leading Brazil to reach only a weak-to-basic level of sustainability in the studied period. We highlight that neglecting the problems caused by the unsustainable nitrogen management can increase environmental, economic, and social issues, and jeopardize the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition to fostering of sustainability goals on the agriculture and energy sectors from the environmental, socioeconomic, and political perspectives, the importance of this assessment lies in supporting governments, policymakers, and civil society to develop sustainable nitrogen roadmaps to significantly reduce nitrogen waste by 2030, as outlined in the 2019 Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management backed by the UN Environment Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisleine Cunha-Zeri
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil.
| | | | - Evandro Albiach Branco
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Ometto
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
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Time series analysis of the air pollution around Ploiesti oil refining complex, one of the most polluted regions in Romania. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11817. [PMID: 35821520 PMCID: PMC9276770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Refineries and petrochemical industries are known to be the principal sources of emissions for a number of air pollutants, such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), greenhouse gases and particulate matter, which negatively affect the air quality. The primary goal of this research was the time series analysis of PM2.5, PM10, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2 and O3 over an eleven-year period (2009-2019) and the connection between air pollution and meteorological parameters (air temperature, precipitation quantity and relative humidity). Regarding the pollution level of the major pollutants, the minimum pollution levels, except SO2 and O3, were recorded during warmer periods, meanwhile increased levels, were detected during the cold period (in winter). The air pollutants' concentration and distribution are affected by meteorological parameters, such as wind speed and direction, rainfall or even relative humidity. Therefore, the highest concentrations in the winter season were 1.25 times higher than in autumn, 1.3 times higher than the average annual value, 1.57 times higher than in spring and 1.79 times higher than in summer. Monthly variation of O3 showed lower concentration during winter (27.62 µg/m3) and higher in summer (46.42 µg/m3). Based on the statistical analysis, a significant Spearman correlation was detected between the studied air pollutants and meteorological parameters, and according to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, some common sources were also detected.
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An Evaluation of Risk Ratios on Physical and Mental Health Correlations due to Increases in Ambient Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Concentrations. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are gaseous pollutants contributing to pollution in their primary form and are also involved in reactions forming ground-level ozone and fine particulate matter. Thus, NOx is of great interest for targeted pollution reduction because of this cascade effect. Primary emissions originate from fossil fuel combustion making NOx a common outdoor and indoor air pollutant. Numerous studies documenting the observed physical health impacts of NOx were reviewed and, where available, were summarized using risk ratios. More recently, the literature has shifted to focus on the mental health implications of NOx exposure, and a review of the current literature found five main categories of mental health-related conditions with respect to NOx exposure: common mental health disorders, sleep, anxiety, depression, and suicide. All the physical and mental health effects with available risk ratios were organized in order of increasing risk. Mental health concerns emerged as those most influenced by NOx exposure, with physical health impacts, such as asthma, only beginning to surface as the fourth highest risk. Mental health conditions occupied seven of the top ten highest risk health ailments. The results summarized in this narrative review show that there are clear positive correlations between NOx and negative physical and mental health manifestations, thus strengthening the argument in support of the reduction in ambient NOx levels.
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Van Pham V, Truong TK, Le HV, Nguyen HT, Tong HD, Cao TM. Enhancing Green Product Generation of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation: A Case of WO 3 Nanoplate/g-C 3N 4 S-Scheme Heterojunction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4138-4146. [PMID: 35324210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) removal by photocatalytic oxidation over g-C3N4 has achieved more efficient results. However, there is a concern about the high NO-to-NO2 conversion yield of products, which is not suitable for the photocatalytic NO reaction. In this study, we modify g-C3N4 by WO3 nanoplates for the first time for photocatalytic NO oxidation over a WO3/g-C3N4 composite to enhance the green product selectivity under atmospheric conditions. The results indicate that the photocatalytic efficiency for NO removal by the WO3/g-C3N4 composite is drastically improved and achieves 52.5%, which is approximately 2.1 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4. Significantly, the green product (NO3-) selectivity of the WO3/g-C3N4 composite is 8.7 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4, and the selectivity remained high even after five cycles of photocatalytic tests. We also conclude that the enhanced green product selectivity of photocatalytic NO oxidation by the WO3/g-C3N4 composite is due to the separation and acceleration of the photogenerated charges of the WO3/g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Van Pham
- University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Kim Truong
- University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Viet Le
- University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thai Nguyen
- University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hien Duy Tong
- Faculty of Engineering, Vietnamese-German University (VGU), Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province 7500, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Cao
- HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu Street, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Shahriar R, Hassan O, Alam MK. Adsorption of gas molecules on buckled GaAs monolayer: a first-principles study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16732-16744. [PMID: 35754891 PMCID: PMC9169617 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02030k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of sensitive and selective gas sensors can be significantly simplified if materials that are intrinsically selective to target gas molecules can be identified. In recent years, monolayers consisting of group III–V elements have been identified as promising gas sensing materials. In this article, we investigate gas adsorption properties of buckled GaAs monolayer using first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory. We examine the adsorption energy, adsorption distance, charge transfer, and electron density difference to study the strength and nature of adsorption. We calculate the change in band structure, work function, conductivity, density of states, and optical reflectivity for analyzing its prospect as work function-based, chemiresistive, optical, and magnetic gas sensor applications. In this regard, we considered the adsorption of ten gas molecules, namely NH3, NO2, NO, CH4, H2, CO, SO2, HCN, H2S, and CO2, and noticed that GaAs monolayer is responsive to NO, NO2, NH3, and SO2 only. Specifically, NH3, SO2 and NO2 chemisorb on the GaAs monolayer and change the work function by more than 5%. While both NO and NO2 are found to be responsive in the far-infrared (FIR) range, NO shows better spin-splitting property and a significant change in conductivity. Moreover, the recovery time at room temperature for NO is observed to be in the sub-millisecond range suggesting selective and sensitive NO response in GaAs monolayer. NH3, NO2, and SO2 chemisorb on the GaAs monolayer. NO adsorption induces a magnetic moment (1.02 μB per cell), and significantly changes the conductivity and reflectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Shahriar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Orchi Hassan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kawsar Alam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
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Important Contributions to Reducing Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179075. [PMID: 34501664 PMCID: PMC8430564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides are considered significant pollutants because of their effects on ecosystems and human health. The amount of NOx emitted by internal combustion engines can be reduced, mostly by acting on the conditions in which combustion takes place, respectively by lowering the peak flame temperature, reducing the excess of oxygen, etc. The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine represents a new technology that can simultaneously reduce NOx emissions and fuel consumption. This article presents these benefits of the HCCI engine by comparing the emissions and fuel consumption of a monocylinder engine when it is operated in a conventional way, with spark ignition, with those obtained when the engine is running in the HCCI mode. Moreover, since engine simulation has become an important tool for investigating the HCCI process and for developing new control strategies for it, this was used in this study to determine the effects of the exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion quality, respectively, on emissions.
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Flores-Ramírez R, Berumen-Rodríguez AA, Martínez-Castillo MA, Alcántara-Quintana LE, Díaz-Barriga F, Díaz de León-Martínez L. A review of Environmental risks and vulnerability factors of indigenous populations from Latin America and the Caribbean in the face of the COVID-19. Glob Public Health 2021; 16:975-999. [PMID: 33966608 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1923777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) was declared a new epicentre of the coronavirus pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 22 May 2020. As of 13 January 2021, the numbers of deaths and cases caused by COVID-19 in LAC reported are 552,000 and 17'485,000 respectively. LAC concentrates the largest percentage of indigenous populations throughout the world. In this region, poverty is persistent and particularly rural indigenous peoples hold the steepest barriers to health services and experience profound discrimination based on ethnicity, poverty, and language, compared to their non-indigenous counterparts. The information regarding the health of indigenous populations, in general, is scarce, and this problem is aggravated in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to address the overall scenario of indigenous peoples in the Latin American and Caribbean region from March 2020 to January 2021, in this manner gathering information regarding health problems, economic, social, cultural and environmental factors that make indigenous populations in LAC particularly vulnerable to serious health effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as compiling the mitigation strategies implemented in indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | | | - Luz Eugenia Alcántara-Quintana
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), San Luis Potosí, México
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Kusiak-Nejman E, Czyżewski A, Wanag A, Dubicki M, Sadłowski M, Wróbel RJ, Morawski AW. Photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide over AgNPs/TiO 2-loaded carbon fiber cloths. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110343. [PMID: 32250819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Series of AgNPs/TiO2-loaded carbon fiber cloth (CFC) composites were prepared by incorporation of pristine TiO2 and three AgNPs-modified TiO2 additives onto the surface of four commercial CFCs. AgNPs/TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by the wet impregnation method, including NaBH4 reduction of silver ions. The silver content in the modified photocatalyst was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as well as XRD analysis. It can be indicated that silver was successfully reduced to Ag nanoparticles what was confirmed by UV-Vis/DRS as well as XRD methods. The photocatalytic activity of the AgNPs/TiO2-loaded CFCs was evaluated during the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) tests of nitric oxide (NO) acting as a model air contaminant under UV light. It was found that the highest NO removal rate was observed for the AgNPs/TiO2-loaded CFC material containing 3.70 wt% of AgNPs. Modification of TiO2 with AgNPs stabilized the photocatalytic efficiency of the composites during 5 as well as 24 consecutive NO photooxidation cycles. It was also concluded that the presence of AgNPs was a key factor responsible for hindering NO2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kusiak-Nejman
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Adam Czyżewski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanag
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dubicki
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Sadłowski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał J Wróbel
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Engineering of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Department, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Antoni W Morawski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322, Szczecin, Poland
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A Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Multi-Gas Sensor for Ambient Air Monitoring. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071850. [PMID: 32225096 PMCID: PMC7181263 DOI: 10.3390/s20071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A quantum cascade laser-based sensor for ambient air monitoring is presented and five gases, affecting the air quality, can be quantified. The light sources are selected to measure CO, NO, NO2, N2O and SO2. The footprint of the measurement setup is designed to fit in two standard 19” rack (48 cm × 65 cm) with 4 height units (18 cm) whereas one is holding the optical components and the other one contains the electronics and data processing unit. The concentrations of the individual analytes are measured using 2f-Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (2f-WMS) and a commercially available multipass gas cell defines the optical path. In addition, CO can also be measured with a dispersion-based technique, which allows one to cover a wider concentration range than 2f-WMS. The performance of this prototype has been evaluated in the lab and detection limits in the range of 1ppbv have been achieved. Finally, the applicability of this prototype for ambient air monitoring is shown in a five-week measurement campaign in cooperation with the Municipal Department for Environmental Protection (MA 22) of Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Chowdhury PH, He Q, Carmieli R, Li C, Rudich Y, Pardo M. Connecting the Oxidative Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosols with Reactive Oxygen Species in Exposed Lung Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13949-13958. [PMID: 31652049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the cytotoxicity of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is mediated through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the exposed cells. Here, lung epithelial cells (A549) residing at the air-liquid interface were exposed to proxies of anthropogenic and biogenic SOA that were photochemically aged under varying nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations in an oxidation flow reactor. The total organic peroxides and ROS radical content in the SOA were quantified by the iodometric spectrophotometric method and by continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance. The effect of the exposure was evaluated by measuring cell viability and cellular ROS production following the exposure. The results demonstrate that SOA that aged in the absence of NOx contained more ROS than fresh SOA and were more toxic toward the cells, while varying NOx conditions had no significant influence on levels of the ROS content in fresh SOA and their toxicity. Analysis of ROS in the exposed cells using flow cytometry showed a similar trend with the total ROS content in the SOA. This study provides a first and direct observation of such association.
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17
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Ribeiro PC, Nascimento LFC, Almeida AA, Targa MDS, Cesar ACG. Fine particulate matter and ischemic heart diseases inrelation to sex. An ecological time series study. SAO PAULO MED J 2019; 137:60-65. [PMID: 31116273 PMCID: PMC9721223 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0239040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some air pollutants is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of exposure to fine particulate matter in hospitalizations due to ischemic heart disease and the costs to the healthcare system. DESIGN AND SETTING Time-series ecological study conducted in Taubaté, Brazil. METHODS Data on hospitalizations due to ischemic heart diseases (ICD I-20 to I-24) in the municipality of Taubaté (SP), Brazil, among adults of both sexes aged 40 years and over, from August 2011 to July 2012, were obtained from DATASUS. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were estimated from a mathematical model. Poisson regression was used in statistical analyses to estimate the relative risks of exposure to PM2.5 for both sexes and after stratification according to sex. The excess of hospitalizations and consequent excess expenditure for the healthcare system were calculated. RESULTS There were 1040 admissions, among which 382 had ischemic heart diseases (257 males). Themean PM2.5 concentration was 13.2 µg/m3 (SD = 5.6). Significant effects from exposure were noted 4and 5 days after exposure (lag 4 and lag 5) for both sexes and for male sex; for female sex, the effect was 2 days after exposure (lag 2). There were 59 excess hospitalizations for an increase in PM2.5 concentration of 5 µg/m3 and excess expenditure of US$ 150,000 for the National Health System. CONCLUSIONS An excess of hospital admissions due to ischemic heart disease, with excess expenditure, was identified consequent to PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cristina Ribeiro
- BSc. Master’s Student, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil.
| | - Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil.
| | - Ana Aparecida Almeida
- PhD. Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil.
| | - Marcelo dos Santos Targa
- PhD. Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences, Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gobbo Cesar
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Bragança Paulista (SP), Brazil.
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18
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Machin AB, Nascimento LF, Mantovani K, Machin EB. Effects of exposure to fine particulate matter in elderly hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases in the South of the Brazilian Amazon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8130. [PMID: 30698228 PMCID: PMC6345358 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20188130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is an important cause of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases. Nevertheless, few studies use pollutant concentration data estimated by mathematical models. A time-series ecological study was developed, using data from hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases in people over 60 years of age, residents of Cuiabá, Brazil, during 2012, obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The independent variables were the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) estimated by mathematical modeling, minimum temperature, and relative humidity (obtained from the Brazilian Meteorological Agency), and the number of forest fires. The generalized linear regression model of Poisson was used, with lags of 0 to 7 days. The coefficients obtained were transformed into relative risk of hospitalization, with respective 95% confidence intervals; alpha=5% was adopted. In that year, 591 hospitalizations were evaluated, with a daily average of 1.61 (SD=1.49), the PM2.5 average concentration was 15.7 µg/m3, and the CO average concentration was 144.2 ppb. Significant associations between exposure to these contaminants and hospitalizations in lags 3 and 4 in 2012 were observed. There was a hospitalization risk increase of 31.8%, with an increase of 3.5 µg/m3 of PM2.5 concentrations and an increase of 188 in the total number of hospitalizations, with an expense of more than ≈US$ 96,000 for the Brazilian Public Health System. This study provided information on the cost of air pollution to the health system and the feasibility of using a mathematical model to estimate environmental concentration of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Machin
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil
| | - L F Nascimento
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | - K Mantovani
- Faculdade de Tecnologia de Guaratinguetá (FATEC), Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil
| | - E B Machin
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Selley L, Phillips DH, Mudway I. The potential of omics approaches to elucidate mechanisms of biodiesel-induced pulmonary toxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:4. [PMID: 30621739 PMCID: PMC6504167 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combustion of biodiesels in place of fossil diesel (FD) has been proposed as a method of reducing transport-related toxic emissions in Europe. While biodiesel exhaust (BDE) contains fewer hydrocarbons, total particulates and carbon monoxide than FD exhaust (FDE), its high nitrogen oxide and ultrafine particle content may still promote pulmonary pathophysiologies. MAIN BODY Using a complement of in vitro and in vivo studies, this review documents progress in our understanding of pulmonary responses to BDE exposure. Focusing initially on hypothesis-driven, targeted analyses, the merits and limitations of comparing BDE-induced responses to those caused by FDE exposure are discussed within the contexts of policy making and exploration of toxicity mechanisms. The introduction and progression of omics-led workflows are also discussed, summarising the novel insights into mechanisms of BDE-induced toxicity that they have uncovered. Finally, options for the expansion of BDE-related omics screens are explored, focusing on the mechanistic relevance of metabolomic profiling and offering rationale for expansion beyond classical models of pulmonary exposure. CONCLUSION Together, these discussions suggest that molecular profiling methods have identified mechanistically informative, novel and fuel-specific signatures of pulmonary responses to biodiesel exhaust exposure that would have been difficult to detect using traditional, hypothesis driven approaches alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Selley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
- NIHR HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Ian Mudway
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
- NIHR HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
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20
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GUO J, MA M, XIAO C, ZHANG C, CHEN J, LIN H, DU Y, LIU M. Association of Air Pollution and Mortality of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Shenyang, China: A Time Series Analysis Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:1261-1271. [PMID: 30320000 PMCID: PMC6174054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the risk factors of the daily mortality associated with air pollution causing acute lower respiratory tract infections. METHODS We applied a short time series analysis to the air pollution record, meteorological data and 133 non-accidental death data in Shengyang, China, in 2013-2015. After controlling the seasonality, day of week and weather conditions, the group employed an over-dispersed Possion generalized addictive model to discuss the associations among different variables, then performed the stratified analysis according to age, gender, and season. RESULTS Mean concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were 122.4, 74.8, 79.4, 47.7, and 86.2 μg/m3, respectively. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in the 8-day moving average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 corresponded to 0.18% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10%, 0.26%), 0.21% (95% CI: 0.11%, 0.31%), 0.16% (95% CI: 0.04%, 0.30%), 0.43% (95% CI: 0.07%, 0.90%), and 0.10% (95% CI: -0.08%, 0.31%) increase in the daily mortality. The effects of air pollution lasted 9 days (lag 0-8), and they were more statistically significant in the elderly than in other age groups. CONCLUSION These findings clarified the burden of air pollution on the morbidity of acute lower respiratory tract infections and emphasized the urgency of the control and prevention of air pollution and respiratory diseases in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie GUO
- Dept. of Pathogenic Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyue MA
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunling XIAO
- Dept. of Pathogenic Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China,Corresponding Author:
| | - Chunqing ZHANG
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianping CHEN
- Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong LIN
- Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiming DU
- Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Shenyang, China
| | - Min LIU
- Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Shenyang, China
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21
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Dehghan A, Khanjani N, Bahrampour A, Goudarzi G, Yunesian M. The relation between air pollution and respiratory deaths in Tehran, Iran- using generalized additive models. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:49. [PMID: 29558916 PMCID: PMC5859399 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some epidemiological evidence has shown a relation between ambient air pollution and adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pollution on mortality from respiratory diseases in Tehran, Iran. Methods In this ecological study, air pollution data was inquired from the Tehran Province Environmental Protection Agency and the Tehran Air Quality Control Company. Meteorological data was collected from the Tehran Meteorology Organization and mortality data from the Tehran Cemetery Mortality Registration. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) was used for data analysis with different lags, up to 15 days. A 10-unit increase in all pollutants except CO (1-unit) was used to compute the Relative Risk of deaths. Results During 2005 until 2014, 37,967 respiratory deaths occurred in Tehran in which 21,913 (57.7%) were male. The strongest relationship between NO2 and PM10and respiratory death was seen on the same day (lag 0), and was respectively (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) and (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04). O3 and PM2.5 had the strongest relationship with respiratory deaths on lag 2 and 1 respectively, and the RR was equal to 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05 and 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10 respectively. NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 also showed significant relations with respiratory deaths in the older age groups. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that O3, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 air pollutants were related to respiratory deaths in Tehran. Reducing ambient air pollution can save lives in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizallah Dehghan
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Bahrampour
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research and Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Anderson SM, Naidoo RN, Ramkaran P, Phulukdaree A, Muttoo S, Asharam K, Chuturgoon AA. The Effect of Nitric Oxide Pollution on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women Living in Durban, South Africa. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:228-239. [PMID: 29063946 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect nitric oxide (NO x ) pollution had on maternal serum 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women living in Durban, South Africa (SA). Women, in their third trimester with singleton pregnancies, were recruited from the heavily industrialised south (n = 225) and less industrialised north (n = 152). Biomarker levels of serum 8-OHdG concentrations were analysed, and the women were genotyped for glutathione-S-transferases pi 1 (GSTP1) and glutathione-S-transferases mu 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms. The level of NO x pollution in the two regions was determined by using land use regression modelling. The serum 8-OHdG was shown to correlate significantly with NO x levels; this relationship was strengthened in the south (p < 0.05). This relationship was still observed after adjusting for maternal characteristics. GSTP1 was significantly associated with the south region, where the variant (AG+GG) genotype was associated with increased 8-OHdG levels as a result of NO x exposure (p < 0.05). GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a positive correlation between NO x and 8-OHdG levels (p < 0.05). NO x levels were found marginally to reduce gestational age (p < 0.05) with mothers carrying male neonates. Variant GSTP1 and living in the north were factors that contributed to gestational age reduction (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that NO x exposure resulted in increased 8-OHdG levels in pregnant women living in Durban, SA, which led to gestational age reduction. The GSTP1 variant increased susceptibility of individuals to harmful effects of NO x .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Anderson
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Prithiksha Ramkaran
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Sheena Muttoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Kareshma Asharam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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Dziubanek G, Marchwińska-Wyrwał E, Ćwieląg-Drabek M, Spychała A, Rusin M, Piekut A, Hajok I. Preliminary study of possible relationships between exposure to PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in ambient air and the length of life of people. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:129-134. [PMID: 28441591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies on the impact of very toxic and persistent organic compounds as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the population life expectancy. Preliminary studies on the relations between exposure to PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in ambient air and the length of life of residents of 12 cities (2 million people) in the Silesia province has been undertaken. The average length of life of inhabitants in 12 cities of Silesia province was calculated on the basis of register of deaths after excluding deaths caused by external causes and the concentration of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were measured. The studies have shown that inhalation exposure to dioxins, furans and dl-PCBs could be an important factor which may shorten the life expectancy of the population. The results of preliminary studies indicate a strong correlation between the concentration of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in the ambient air and the length of life of women. The conducted analysis of the regression shows that reduction of chlorinated persistent organic compounds of 10fg I-TEQ/m3 could extend life expectancy of women by approximately 4months (0.3years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Dziubanek
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marchwińska-Wyrwał
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Ćwieląg-Drabek
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Anna Spychała
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Monika Rusin
- Department of Environmental Health Risk Factors, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Agata Piekut
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
| | - Ilona Hajok
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), ul. Piekarska 18, 42-902 Bytom, Poland.
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