1
|
Attia YA, Al-Khalaifah HS, Alqhtani AH, Abd El-Hamid HS, Alyileili SR, El-Hamid AEHEA, Bovera F, El-Shafey AA. The impact of multi-enzyme fortification on growth performance, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality of broiler chickens fed a standard or low-density diet. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1012462. [PMID: 36504838 PMCID: PMC9731804 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1012462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study the impact of supplementation of three multi-enzyme levels (0, 0.1, and 0.2% of feed) and two levels of dietary treatments [standard diet (SD) and low-density diet (LDD)] on growth performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and meat quality of broilers from 1 to 38 days of age. A total of 216 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a factorial experiment (2 × 3) comprising six dietary treatments, each with six replicates and each replicate with six chickens. The results showed that the LDD significantly reduced body weight gain by 5.0%, compared with the SD. Multi-enzymes significantly improved body weight gain and the production index (PI) relative to the SD. The feed conversion ratio was significantly enhanced with increased multi-enzymes from 1 to 21 days. A significant relation between the multi-enzyme concentration and type of dietary treatment was observed in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio from 1 to 21 days of age. Nitrogen-free extract digestibility was significantly increased by using the SD diet compared with using the LDD. Multi-enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract in the LDD. A significant relationship was found between the multi-enzyme concentration and type of dietary treatment on the pancreas, liver, and intestinal length percentages. The meat dry matter concentration was significantly higher in the LDD group than in the SD group. The low-density diet significantly reduced the total revenue compared with the SD, whereas broilers fed the SD recorded significantly higher total revenue and economic efficiency than those fed the LDD. The low-density diet significantly increased economic efficiency compared with the SD. Multi-enzymes significantly increased the total revenue, net revenue, and economic efficiency than the standard set. In conclusion, using multi-enzymes in broiler diets improved body weight gain. The LDD with multi-enzymes showed enhanced body weight gain compared with the SD without multi-enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A. Attia
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Poultry and Fish Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Salem R. Alyileili
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ali A. El-Shafey
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scanes CG, Witt J, Ebeling M, Schaller S, Baier V, Bone AJ, Preuss TG, Heckmann D. Quantitative Morphometric, Physiological, and Metabolic Characteristics of Chickens and Mallards for Physiologically Based Kinetic Model Development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858283. [PMID: 35464078 PMCID: PMC9019682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models are a promising tool for xenobiotic environmental risk assessment that could reduce animal testing by predicting in vivo exposure. PBK models for birds could further our understanding of species-specific sensitivities to xenobiotics, but would require species-specific parameterization. To this end, we summarize multiple major morphometric and physiological characteristics in chickens, particularly laying hens (Gallus gallus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in a meta-analysis of published data. Where such data did not exist, data are substituted from domesticated ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and, in their absence, from chickens. The distribution of water between intracellular, extracellular, and plasma is similar in laying hens and mallards. Similarly, the lengths of the components of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) are similar in chickens and mallards. Moreover, not only are the gastrointestinal absorptive areas similar in mallard and chickens but also they are similar to those in mammals when expressed on a log basis and compared to log body weight. In contrast, the following are much lower in laying hens than mallards: cardiac output (CO), hematocrit (Hct), and blood hemoglobin. There are shifts in ovary weight (increased), oviduct weight (increased), and plasma/serum concentrations of vitellogenin and triglyceride between laying hens and sexually immature females. In contrast, reproductive state does not affect the relative weights of the liver, kidneys, spleen, and gizzard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin G. Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Colin G. Scanes,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tamasgen N, Urge M, Girma M, Nurfeta A. Effect of dietary replacement of soybean meal with linseed meal on feed intake, growth performance and carcass quality of broilers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08297. [PMID: 34820532 PMCID: PMC8601988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the chicken's productivity and performance it is imperative to exploit underutilized oil crops such as linseed meal as protein source. This study evaluated the effect of replacing soybean meal with graded levels of linseed meal on feed intake, growth performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 180 day-old Cobb500 broilers were distributed to five treatment diets in a completely randomized design replicated three times with 12 chicks each. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous treatment diets formulated were T1 (0%, diet with no linseed meal), T2 (25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%) and T5 (100%, soybean meal in the diet was replaced by linseed meal). The feeding experiment lasted for 44 days. The total feed intake, mortality rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during starter phase were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. High (P < 0.05) starter phase body weight was recorded for T3 compared to T1, T2, T4 and T5 treatments but T2, T4 and T5 had similar average daily gain. The feed intake, body weight change, FCR and mortality during finisher phase and entire period were similar (P > 0.05) among treatment groups. The weight of most carcasses were similar (P > 0.05) among treatment except the weight of kidney, heart, breast, liver and abdominal fat. Kidney weight for T1 and T3 were higher (P < 0.05) than for T2, T4 and T5. The weight of heart for T3 was higher than T2 and T5 while T1, T3 and T4 were similar (P > 0.05). High (P < 0.05) breast weight were observed for T3 than T2 and T4. Liver weight for T3 was greater (P < 0.05) than T2 and T5. The total feed cost decreased with increasing levels of linseed meal. High net return was obtained from T3 followed by T4 and T2. The results showed that although linseed meal can replace 100% soybean meal in the ration without detrimental effect on the health, replacement at 50% (T3) is recommended for better performance of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negasa Tamasgen
- Department of Animal Science, Wollega University, P. O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Urge
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire-Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Girma
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire-Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Ajebu Nurfeta
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Li M, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part II: Chicken and turkey. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:423-455. [PMID: 33289178 PMCID: PMC8359335 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are growing in popularity due to human food safety concerns and for estimating drug residue distribution and estimating withdrawal intervals for veterinary products originating from livestock species. This paper focuses on the physiological and anatomical data, including cardiac output, organ weight, and blood flow values, needed for PBPK modeling applications for avian species commonly consumed in the poultry market. Experimental and field studies from 1940 to 2019 for broiler chickens (1-70 days old, 40 g - 3.2 kg), laying hens (4-15 months old, 1.1-2.0 kg), and turkeys (1 day-14 months old, 60 g -12.7 kg) were searched systematically using PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect for data collection in 2019 and 2020. Relevant data were extracted from the literature with mean and standard deviation (SD) being calculated and compiled in tables of relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output). Trends of organ or tissue weight growth during different life stages were calculated when sufficient data were available. These compiled data sets facilitate future PBPK model development and applications, especially in estimating chemical residue concentrations in edible tissues to calculate food safety withdrawal intervals for poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PathobiologyVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Thomas W. Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scanes CG. Avian Physiology: Are Birds Simply Feathered Mammals? Front Physiol 2020; 11:542466. [PMID: 33240094 PMCID: PMC7680802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.542466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are marked differences between the physiology of birds and mammals. These reflect the evolutionary distance between the two classes with the last common ancestor estimated as existing 318 million years ago. There are analogous organ systems in birds and mammals. However, marked differences exist. For instance, in the avian gastro-intestinal tract, there is a crop at the lower end of the esophagus. This functions both to store feed and for microbial action. The avian immune system lacks lymph nodes and has a distinct organ producing B-lymphocytes, namely the bursa Fabricius. The important of spleen has been largely dismissed until recently. However, its importance in both innate and specific immunity is increasingly recognized. There is a major difference between birds and mammals is the female reproductive system as birds produce large yolk filled eggs. The precursors of the yolk are synthesized by the liver. Another difference is that there is a single ovary and oviduct in birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin G. Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Attia YA, Al-Khalaifah H, Abd El-Hamid HS, Al-Harthi MA, El-Shafey AA. Effect of Different Levels of Multienzymes on Immune Response, Blood Hematology and Biochemistry, Antioxidants Status and Organs Histology of Broiler Chicks Fed Standard and Low-Density Diets. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:510. [PMID: 32195272 PMCID: PMC7015166 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was executed to investigate the effect of supplementing three multienzyme levels (0, 0. 1, and 0.2%) with two types of diet [standard diet (SD) vs. low-density diet (LDD)] on immune response, blood hematology and biochemistry, antioxidant status, and organ histology of broilers during 1–38 days of age. A total of 216 unsexed 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed, on a factorial design (2 × 3), to six treatments each with six replicates. There were six chicks per replicate. Results showed that LDD significantly decreased body weight gain (BWG) of broilers, but did not affect the European Production Efficiency Index (EPEI). Addition of multienzymes at both levels (0.1 and 0.2%) significantly increased BWG and improved EPEI, compared to the control diet. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspirate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), lymphocyte, lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), and phagocyte activity (PA) were significantly higher for LDD than the SD, but eosinophil was lower. Supplementation of multienzymes significantly decreased ALT, AST, and MDA, compared to the control group, but increased packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), lymphocytes, and monocytes. Immune organs, such as spleen, thymus, and the bursa of Fabricius were significantly increased with multienzyme supplementation. It could be concluded that multienzyme supplementation at either 0.1 or 0.2% to SD or LDD improved EPEI and immune status of broiler chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y A Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - H Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - H S Abd El-Hamid
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - M A Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A El-Shafey
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valdivié-Navarro M, Martínez-Aguilar Y, Mesa-Fleitas O, Botello-León A, Betancur Hurtado C, Velázquez-Martí B. Review of Moringa oleifera as forage meal (leaves plus stems) intended for the feeding of non-ruminant animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
8
|
Li B, Schroyen M, Leblois J, Beckers Y, Bindelle J, Everaert N. The use of inulin and wheat bran only during the starter period or during the entire rearing life of broilers: effects on growth performance, small intestinal maturation, and cecal microbial colonization until slaughter age. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4058-4065. [PMID: 30868160 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin and wheat bran were added to broiler diets during the starter period or during the entire rearing period to investigate whether the effects of using these ingredients remained until slaughter age. Diets containing no inulin and no wheat bran (CON), 2% inulin (IN), 10% wheat bran (WB), or 2% inulin + 10% wheat bran (IN+WB) were provided until day 11. Thereafter, each dietary treatment was further divided into a continued diet with supplementation or a control diet, resulting in 7 groups (CON, IN/IN, IN/CON, WB/WB, WB/CON, IN+WB/IN+WB, or IN+WB/CON). On day 40, 12 chickens per group were euthanized. The IN/IN group increased the cecal molar ratio of butyrate but had a lower relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). Additionally, the cecal molar ratio of propionate was higher in the IN/CON group compared to the IN/IN group (P = 0.034). The WB/CON group had the best results on BW and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Only the cecal molar ratio of iso-butyrate was higher in the WB/WB group (P = 0.013). Moreover, compared to the CON group, both WB/WB and WB/CON groups reduced the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Escherichia coli, and only the WB/WB group reduced the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05). Both IN+WB/IN+WB and IN+WB/CON groups increased BW until day 21 and lowered the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05). The IN+WB/IN+WB group increased the cecal molar ratio of butyrate but reduced the molar ratio of propionate with a higher relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the lack of positive effects induced by inulin might be explained by the dose being too high. The beneficial effects on BW, FCR, and microbiota induced by wheat bran during the starter period were lasting when supplementation was stopped, suggesting that wheat bran could be a favorable ingredient during the starter period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julie Leblois
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.,Research Foundation for Industry and Agriculture, National Scientific Research Foundation (FRIA-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Beckers
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martínez Y, Ayala L, Hurtado C, Más D, Rodríguez R. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Red Algae Powder (Chondrus crispus) on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Lymphoid Organ Weights and Intestinal pH in Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Ayala
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Cuba
| | | | - D Más
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chiroque G, Vásquez G, Vásquez E, Vásquez E, Más D, Betancur C, Ruiz C, Botello A, Martínez Y. Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Breast Meat Fatty Acids Profile of Helmeted Guinea Fowls (Numida meleagris) Fed Increasing Level of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita moschata) Meals. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Chiroque
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - G Vásquez
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - E Vásquez
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - E Vásquez
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - D Más
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - A Botello
- Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres” de Esmeraldas, Ecuador
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li B, Leblois J, Taminiau B, Schroyen M, Beckers Y, Bindelle J, Everaert N. The effect of inulin and wheat bran on intestinal health and microbiota in the early life of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3156-3165. [PMID: 29846691 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin and wheat bran were added to the starter diets of broiler chickens to investigate the potential of these ingredients to improve the host's health and growth performance, as well as the underlying mechanisms of their effects. A total of 960 1-day-old chicks were assigned to 4 treatments: control (CON), 2% inulin (IN), 10% wheat bran (WB), and 10% wheat bran +2% inulin (WB+IN). On day 11, 6 chicks per treatment were euthanized. A general linear model procedure with Tukey's multiple range test was performed to compare a series of parameters between treatments. The WB-containing treatments improved BW on day 7, day 11, day 35, and BW gain until day 11 (P < 0.05), but only the WB+IN treatment showed a lower feed conversion ratio than the CON treatment (P = 0.011). Furthermore, the WB+IN treatment showed the highest villus height in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), and the highest jejunal ratio villus height/crypt depth (P = 0.035). The concentration of acetate in the ceca was higher in the CON treatment compared to the IN treatment (P = 0.040). The IN treatment increased the concentration (P = 0.003) and ratio (P = 0.004) of iso-butyrate compared to the WB+IN and the CON treatments (P < 0.05). A clustering result exhibited similar intestinal microbiota profiles in the chicks receiving the IN and the WB+IN diets (P > 0.05), but these profiles were different from those found in chicks receiving the WB and the CON diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, wheat bran and the combination of wheat bran and inulin ameliorated the growth performance and gut morphology of the starter chicks, which resulted in a higher BW until day 35. Inulin, on the other hand, had a greater ability to influence the microbiota profile. The beneficial results found in relation to BW and gut morphology during the starter period suggested a synergistic effect of inulin and wheat bran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2. 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julie Leblois
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2. 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.,Research Foundation for Industry and Agriculture, National Scientific Research Foundation (FRIA-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- FARAH - Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 180, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2. 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yves Beckers
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2. 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2. 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision livestock and nutrition unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2. 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|