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Estrada-Angulo A, Verdugo-Insúa M, Escobedo-Gallegos LDG, Castro-Pérez BI, Urías-Estrada JD, Ponce-Barraza E, Mendoza-Cortez D, Ríos-Rincón FG, Monge-Navarro F, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Corona-Gochi L, Plascencia A. Influences of a Supplemental Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride (β2 Agonist) on Growth Performance and Carcass Measures of Feedlot Lambs Finished under Conditions of High Ambient Temperature. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1391. [PMID: 38731393 PMCID: PMC11083129 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin male intact lambs (25.12 ± 3.79 kg LW) were used in a 70-d growing-finishing trial. Dietary treatments consisted of total mixed corn-based diet supplemented with: (1) no feed additives (Control); (2) 150 mg of essential oils blend plus 0.10 mg of 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3/kg diet offered throughout the 70-d experimental period (EOD3); (3) Control diet fed during the first 35 days and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation at 6 mg/kg diet offered during the final 35 days of the experiment (32 days with ZH with a withdrawal 3-d before harvest), and (4) basal diet supplemented with EOD3 during first 35 days finishing, and EOD3 in combination with ZH (EOD3 + ZH) during the subsequent 32-days with ZH withdrawal 3 days before harvest. The temperature-humidity index during the experiment averaged 80.4 ± 3.2. There were no treatment interactions (p > 0.20) on growth performance and carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 did not affect (p = 0.43) dry matter intake (DMI), but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted average daily gain (ADG, 9.2%), gain efficiency (GF, 6.7%), and observed vs. expected dietary net energy for maintenance (NEm, 4.8%) and for gain (NEg, 6.4%). Supplemental ZH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.50) but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted ADG (14.5%), GF (13%) and observed vs. expected dietary NEm (9%) and NEg (11.7%). Compared to control lambs, the combination of both additives increased ADG (24.9%), GF (21.2%), and observed vs. expected dietary NEm and NEg (14.2% and 18.9%, respectively). There were no treatment interactions on carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, or on gene expression of IGF1, IGF2 and mTOR in longissimus muscle (LM). Supplemental EOD3 increased hot carcass weight (HCW; 4.0%, p < 0.01) but did not affect other carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 decreased (3%, p = 0.03) intestine mass weight (g intestine/kg empty body weight). Supplemental ZH increased HCW (6%, p < 0.01), dressing percentage (1.7%, p = 0.04), and LM area (9.7%, p < 0.01), and decreased kidney-pelvic-fat percentage (16.2%, p < 0.01), fat thickness (14.7%, p = 0.03), and visceral fat. Compared to controls, the combination of EOD3 with ZH increased HCW (10.2%). It is concluded that growth performance responses to supplemental EOD3 and ZH are additive. Both supplements can be fed in combination without detrimental effects on expected benefits when fed separately. In addition, ZH supplementation improves carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Estrada-Angulo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Moisés Verdugo-Insúa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Lucía de G. Escobedo-Gallegos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Jesús D. Urías-Estrada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Elizama Ponce-Barraza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Cortez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco G. Ríos-Rincón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco Monge-Navarro
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (F.M.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Barreras
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico; (F.M.-N.); (A.B.)
| | - Richard A. Zinn
- Animal Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Luis Corona-Gochi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Sinaloa, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (M.V.-I.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.P.-B.); (D.M.-C.); (F.G.R.-R.)
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Mekonnen YT, Savini F, Indio V, Seguino A, Giacometti F, Serraino A, Candela M, De Cesare A. Systematic review on microbiome-related nutritional interventions interfering with the colonization of foodborne pathogens in broiler gut to prevent contamination of poultry meat. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103607. [PMID: 38493536 PMCID: PMC10959702 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to compile the available body of knowledge about microbiome-related nutritional interventions contributing to improve the chicken health and having an impact on the reduction of colonization by foodborne pathogens in the gut. Original research articles published between 2012 and 2022 were systematically searched in Scopus and PubMed. A total of 1,948 articles were retrieved and 140 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, 73 papers described 99 interventions against colonization by Escherichia coli and related organisms; 10 papers described 15 interventions against Campylobacter spp.; 36 papers described 54 interventions against Salmonella; 40 papers described 54 interventions against Clostridium perfringens. A total of 197 microbiome-related interventions were identified as effective against one or more of the listed pathogens and included probiotics (n = 80), prebiotics (n = 23), phytobiotics (n = 25), synbiotics (n = 12), organic acids (n = 12), enzymes (n = 4), essential oils (n = 14) and combination of these (n = 27). The identified interventions were mostly administered in the feed (173/197) or through oral gavage (11/197), in the drinking water (7/197), in ovo (2/197), intra amniotic (2/197), in fresh or reused litter (1/197) or both in the feed and water (1/197). The interventions enhanced the beneficial microbial communities in the broiler gut as Lactic acid bacteria, mostly Lactobacillus spp., or modulated multiple microbial populations. The mechanisms promoting the fighting against colonization by foodborne pathogens included competitive exclusion, production of short chain fatty acids, decrease of gut pH, restoration of the microbiome after dysbiosis events, promotion of a more stable microbial ecology, expression of genes improving the integrity of intestinal mucosa, enhancing of mucin production and improvement of host immune response. All the studies extracted from the literature described in vivo trials but performed on a limited number of animals under experimental settings. Moreover, they detailed the effect of the intervention on the chicken gut without details on further impact on poultry meat safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitagele Terefe Mekonnen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Seguino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
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Paredes-López DM, Robles-Huaynate RA, Soto-Vásquez MR, Perales-Camacho RA, Morales-Cauti SM, Beteta-Blas X, Aldava-Pardave U. Modulation of Gut Microbiota, and Morphometry, Blood Profiles and performance of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Piper aduncum, Morinda citrifolia, and Artocarpus altilis leaves Ethanolic Extracts. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1286152. [PMID: 38511194 PMCID: PMC10953691 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1286152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive plants such as P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis might improve intestinal health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extracts (EEs) of these plants on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 chickens (n = 352) were distributed into eight treatments with four replicates and 11 chickens each. T1 received a base diet, and T2 received a base diet with 0.005% zinc bacitracin. T3, T5, and T7 were supplemented with 0.005% of P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis EE in the diet while T4, T6, and T8 with 0.01% of the extract. The EEs were supplemented with drinking water from 1 to 26 days of age. The following parameters were evaluated: hematological profiles at 28 days of age, blood metabolites profiles at 14, 21, and 28 days; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus sp. abundance in the ileum mucosa and content at 21 and 28 days, and histomorphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa at 14, 21, and 28 d. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were evaluated at seven, 21, and 33 days of age. M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 0.01% increased blood glucose levels at 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and P. aduncum and M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% increased triglycerides at 28 days of age; in addition, this EE did not have any effect on the AST and ALT profiles. The depths of the Lieberkühn crypts and the villi length to the crypt's depth ratio increased with age on supplementation with 0.01% M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 21 days of age (p < 0.05). In addition, the depth of the crypts increased at 28 days of age (p < 0.05) in chickens supplemented with 0.01% A. altilis EE. The 0.01% M. citrifolia EE in diet decreased in the Staphylococcus aureus population in the ileal microbiota (p < 0.05). The FW and WG during the fattening and in the three stages overall increased, and the FCR decreased; however, the FI and the carcass yield did not change in the broiler chickens supplemented with 0.01% M. citrifolia EE (p < 0.05). Conclusively, the M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% of the diet improved intestinal health and thus the performance indices of the broiler chickens and did not have a detrimental effect on any of the parameters evaluated, so it is postulated as a potential alternative to AGP in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. A. Robles-Huaynate
- Department of Animal Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Tingo María, Peru
| | | | - Rosa Amelia Perales-Camacho
- Department of Animal and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Siever Miguel Morales-Cauti
- Department of Animal and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Xiomara Beteta-Blas
- Posgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, Tingo María, Peru
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Ali U, Saima, Qaisrani SN, Mahmud A, Hayat Z, Toyomizu M. Effects of Supplemented Coriander, Ajwain, and Dill Seed Essential Oils on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Gut Health, Meat Quality, and Immune Status in Broilers. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024006. [PMID: 38405017 PMCID: PMC10878721 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have assessed the benefits and optimal dosage of supplementation with essential oils (EOs), including extracts from plants of the Apiaceae family, as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in broilers. However, little consideration has been given to the actual chemical composition of the evaluated EOs when drawing critical conclusions, even though EO composition can vary with different extraction conditions and plant characteristics. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of EOs from seeds of plants of the Apiaceae family: coriander (CEO), ajwain (AjEO), and dill (DEO), containing 56.8% linalool, 68.2% thymol, and 41.1% carvone, respectively, on the growth performance, gut health, and immune status of broilers. In total, 660 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 11 experimental diet groups and fed for 35 days with either the control diet, basal diet with added AGP (lincomycin, 500 mg/kg), or one of nine EO diets supplemented with CEO, AjEO, or DEO at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Final body weights were improved by supplementation with not only AGP but also any EO except AjEO at 600 mg/kg; within each EO, supplementation of CEO at 400 mg/kg, AjEO at 200 mg/kg, and DEO at 200 mg/kg afforded the best growth performance. EO supplementation had beneficial effects on gut morphology, such as increased villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and against harmful microbiota, such as reduction of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. populations. Furthermore, EOs enhanced humoral immunity and improved meat quality by reducing drip loss, likely consequent to their antioxidant properties. Overall, this study presents evidence that CEO, AjEO, and DEO can each play a pivotal role in replacing AGPs, as well as providing information regarding optimal doses for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmud
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal
Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000,
Pakistan
| | - Zafar Hayat
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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İpçak HH, Alçiçek A, Denli M. Dietary encapsulated fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil supplementation improves performance, modifies the intestinal microflora, morphology, and transcriptome profile of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae035. [PMID: 38330242 PMCID: PMC10943331 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Global antimicrobial resistance has led to a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry farming, encouraging the use of natural phytogenic feed additives that provide similar effects to AGPs without causing resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of encapsulated fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil (FEO) into the diets on the performance, intestinal microflora, morphology, and transcriptomic profiling of broiler chickens. In the study, 400 one-d-old male chicks of the Ross-308 genotype were randomly distributed into five groups, each with 16 replicates of five birds. The experiment included a control group fed on basal diets without the addition of FEO and treatment groups supplemented with 50 (FEO50), 100 (FEO100), 200 (FEO200), or 400 (FEO400) mg of encapsulated FEO/kg. Body weight and the European Production Efficiency Factor values were higher in the FEO100, FEO200, and FEO400 groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio significantly improved at all FEO levels (P < 0.05). FEO supplementation improved duodenum, jejunum, and ileum morphologies. It enhanced mucosal layer thickness in the duodenum and jejunum, and muscular layer thickness in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). It also increased the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). According to the transcriptome profile obtained from the microarray analysis of samples taken from small intestine tissues, the mRNA expression levels of 261 genes in the FEO50 group (206 upregulated and 55 downregulated), 302 genes in the FEO100 group (218 upregulated and 84 downregulated), 292 genes in the FEO200 group (231 upregulated and 61 downregulated), and 348 genes in the FEO400 group (268 upregulated and 80 downregulated) changed compared to the control group. Most upregulated genes were associated with catalytic activity, binding, transcription regulators and transcription factors, anatomical structure and cellular development, and protein binding activity modulators. The downregulated genes mostly belonged to the transporter, carrier, and protein-modifying enzyme classes. Besides, the anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene (4.41-fold) increased significantly in the FEO100 group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, FEO improved the performance of broiler chickens by regulating biological processes such as performance and intestinal health, with the 100 mg FEO/kg supplementation being the most prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Hüseyin İpçak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alçiçek
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Denli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
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Darmawan A, Öztürk E, Güngör E, Özlü Ş, Jayanegara A. Effects of essential oils on egg production and feed efficiency as influenced by laying hen breed: A meta-analysis. Vet World 2024; 17:197-206. [PMID: 38406358 PMCID: PMC10884582 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.197-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Successful rearing of laying hens to achieve optimal egg production is an endeavor that often faces various constraints and challenges, such as infectious diseases, environmental stressors, and fluctuations in feed quality. The incorporation of essential oils (EOs) into the diet of laying hens has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EO inclusion in laying hen diets by considering the effects of production phase and breed on performance, egg quality, serum biochemistry, gut health, and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods The articles were obtained from the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed using the search terms "essential oils," "laying hens," and "phytobiotics." Data from 27 articles and 71 experiments were grouped according to laying hen production phase and breed in the database. The EO levels ranged from 0 to 1000 mg/kg, with thymol and carvacrol being the major EOs. A mixed model was used to analyze the data. Random effects were applied to the treatment, and fixed effects were applied to EO level, production phase, and breed. Results Egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency, eggshell quality, villus height, crypt depth, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased linearly (p = 0.05) and egg weight and mass increased quadratically (p < 0.05) with increasing EO concentrations. An interaction was observed between the EO level egg production and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.05). Serum glucose, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels decreased with increasing EO concentrations (p < 0.05). Conclusions The inclusion of EOs effectively increased egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell quality, oxidative enzymes, and intestinal health. In addition, the proportion of dietary EOs in lightweight laying hens was higher than that in semi-heavy-weight laying hens in improving egg production and feeding efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Darmawan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Animal Science Faculty, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ergin Öztürk
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emrah Güngör
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Şevket Özlü
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Animal Science Faculty, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Ghazanfari S, Shadbad CA, Meimandipor A, Hosseini SA, Honarbakhsh S. Physiological changes in broiler chickens subjected to dietary ajwain ( trachyspermum ammi l.) essential oil in encapsulated and conventional forms within a wheat-based diet. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100321. [PMID: 38022719 PMCID: PMC10654216 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different diet types, forms, and contents of ajwain essential oil (AEO) on various physiological characteristics of broiler chickens, including cell-mediated immunity responses, intestinal morphology, and microflora. A total of 1500 one-day-old male broiler chickens were allocated to different treatments based on a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, considering diet types (corn and corn-wheat), contents of AEO (0, 150, and 300 mg/kg of diet), and forms of AEO (conventional and encapsulated). The results indicated that the broiler chickens fed the diet containing 150 ppm EO demonstrated reduced skin thickness in response to a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene challenge, 24 h after injection, compared to those receiving a diet without EO (P < 0.05). Increasing the EO content led to an increase in the villous height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of broiler chickens receiving 300 ppm EO (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a slight improvement in the villous height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of broiler chickens fed the corn-wheat diet (P = 0.07). Broiler chickens fed the 300 ppm EO showed a lower total bacterial population compared to those fed the 150 ppm EO (P < 0.05). Finally, the use of EO at a content of 150 ppm improved cellular immune response, while EO at a content of 300 ppm improved the morphology and overall population of intestinal bacteria. Furthermore, the inclusion of wheat-corn diets exhibited enhanced morphological characteristics of the intestines. However, the forms of AEO did not exert any significant influence on the physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufe Ghazanfari
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
| | - Cyrus Akbari Shadbad
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
| | - Amir Meimandipor
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shirin Honarbakhsh
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
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Corrales NL, Sevillano F, Escudero R, Mateos GG, Menoyo D. Replacement of Vitamin E by an Extract from an Olive Oil By-Product, Rich in Hydroxytyrosol, in Broiler Diets: Effects on Growth Performance and Breast Meat Quality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1940. [PMID: 38001793 PMCID: PMC10669133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this experiment was that a liquid rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT) obtained from "alperujo", an olive oil by-product, could replace part of the added vitamin E (VE) as an antioxidant in poultry diets. There were five diets that differed exclusively in the substitution of supplemental VE (0 to 40 mg/kg, with differences of 10 mg/kg) by HT (30 to 0 mg/kg, with differences of 7.5 mg/kg). The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal and provided 10 mg VE/kg. From 0 to 39 d of age, the growth performance of the birds was not affected by diet. The birds were slaughtered at 39 d of age to evaluate the quality of the breast, and malonaldehyde concentration, pH, color, and drip loss were measured. In terms of meat lipid oxidation, the combination of 22.5 mg HT/kg and 10 mg of added VE/kg equalized to a diet supplemented with 40 mg VE/kg. Meat color improved in broilers fed 7.5 mg HT/kg and 30 mg VE/kg. It is concluded that once the nutritional requirements of the birds in VE are satisfied, the dietary supplementation with the olive oil by-product rich in HT can be used as a strategy to spare VE in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida L Corrales
- Departamento Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Sevillano
- Departamento Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Departamento Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo G Mateos
- Departamento Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Menoyo
- Departamento Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Welay K, Amaha N, Demeke S, Debusho LK, Girma M. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Koekoek chickens exposed to temperature variation with supplementary Coriander seed powder. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103674. [PMID: 37542839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ambient temperature and coriander seeds supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Koekoek chickens. In the experiment, chickens were exposed to two temperature rooms with a heated room of 32 ± 1.2 °C from 11:00 to16:00 h and a normal room temperature with an average maximum and minimum of 23.8 ± 3 °C and 16.6 ± 1.6 °C, respectively, and a relative humidity between 34.5 ± 4 and 44.8 ± 3%. The chickens were supplemented with 0, 5, and 10 g/kg of coriander seed powder. The results showed that the group of Koekoek chickens placed in a heated room had significantly lower (P < 0.05) feed intake and weight gain and significantly higher (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than the groups placed at normal room temperature. Water intake was 1.8% higher in the groups placed in a heated room than those placed at normal room temperature. Supplementation with coriander seed powder enhanced growth performance and carcass traits. The carcass weight and breast percentage were higher (P < 0.05) in the groups that received 10 g/kg coriander seed powder. The growth performance of the Koekoek groups supplemented with 10 g/kg coriander seed powder in a heated room also improved significantly compared to groups in a heated room without supplementation. This suggests that the supplementation of coriander seed improves performance, and has a positive potential effect in alleviating the negative effects of heat stress on growth performance of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiros Welay
- African Centre of Excellence for Climate-Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia.
| | - Negassi Amaha
- School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Demeke
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia
| | - Legesse K Debusho
- Department of Statistics, University of South Africa, C/O Christiaan De Wet Road, Florida, South Africa
| | - Meseret Girma
- School of Animal and Range Sciences Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia
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Escobedo-Gallegos LDG, Estrada-Angulo A, Castro-Pérez BI, Urías-Estrada JD, Calderón-Garay E, Ramírez-Santiago L, Valdés-García YS, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Plascencia A. Essential Oils Combined with Vitamin D3 or with Probiotic as an Alternative to the Ionophore Monensin Supplemented in High-Energy Diets for Lambs Long-Term Finished under Subtropical Climate. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2430. [PMID: 37570239 PMCID: PMC10417138 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with natural additives such as essential oils (EO) or probiotics has resulted in comparable growth performance to that of supplemental monensin in fattening lambs in hot environments. Supra-supplementation levels of vitamin D3 improved the carcass weight and dressing percentage of steers fattened under tropical conditions. We hypothesized that certain combinations of these natural additives could be complementary. For this reason, a feeding trial was carried out using 48 Pelibuey × Katahdin non-castrated male lambs (107 ± 14 d age; 17.9 ± 2.51 kg LW). Lambs were fed an 88:12 concentrate to forage ratio basal diet supplemented (dry matter basis, DMI) with: (1) no additive (CON); (2) 28 mg monensin/kg diet (MON); (3) 150 mg of essential oils containing a combination of thymol, eugenol, vanillin, guaiac, and limonene plus 0.12 mg vitamin D3 (EO + D3)/kg diet; and (4) 300 mg of essential oils containing a combination of carvacrol and cynamaldehyde plus 2 g probiotic (2.2 × 108 CFU of bacillus subtilis/kg diet, EO + BS). Lambs were grouped by initial weight and assigned within six weight groupings to 24 pens (2 lambs/pen, 6 replicas per treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The experiment lasted 121 days. Daily maximal THI exceeded the 80 "danger or "emergency" range for 119 days of the 121 days of the trial. Lambs supplemented with MON had similar DMI, growth performance, and dietary energetics to those of CON lambs. Lambs supplemented with EO + BS had a greater (9.2%, p ≤ 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) than the CON and MON groups due to enhanced (10.2%, p ≤ 0.05) dry matter intake. Thus, gain efficiency (GF) and estimated dietary energy were similar for CON, MON, and EO + BS. Lambs receiving EO + D3 had similar (0.254 vs. 0.262 kg/d) ADG but a lower DMI (8%, p < 0.05) compared with EO + BS lambs. Consequently, GF and estimated dietary net energy were greater (4.9 and 3.7%, respectively; p ≤ 0.05) for EO + D3 lambs. Even when ambient heat load was elevated, the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy (observed-to-expected dietary net energy) was close to 1.00 (0.992) expected for EO + D3 lambs. In contrast, efficiency of energy utilization was depressed by -4.4% for lambs on the other treatments. Compared with the other treatments, lambs receiving EO + D3 had greater longissimus muscle area (5.6%, p < 0.05) and lower kidney pelvic fat (21.8%, p ≤ 0.05). There were no treatment effects on shoulder tissue composition or whole cuts (expressed as % of cold carcass weight). Compared to CON, lambs that were fed with natural additives showed 3.5% lower (p ≤ 0.05) intestine mass. All supplemental additives decreased visceral fat mass, which was minimal with EO + D3 treatment. Combinations of essential oils with vitamins or probiotics were superior to antibiotic monensin in finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Combining EO with probiotics promoted DM intake and gain but not gain efficiency, while combining EO with vitamin D3 supra-supplementation increased dietary energy efficiency and improved some carcass characteristics in lambs fattening under high ambient heat loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía de G. Escobedo-Gallegos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Alfredo Estrada-Angulo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Jesús D. Urías-Estrada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Elizabeth Calderón-Garay
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Laura Ramírez-Santiago
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
| | - Yissel S. Valdés-García
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico; (Y.S.V.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Barreras
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico; (Y.S.V.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - Richard A. Zinn
- Animal Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (L.d.G.E.-G.); (A.E.-A.); (B.I.C.-P.); (J.D.U.-E.); (E.C.-G.); (L.R.-S.)
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García-Reyna A, Cortes-Cuevas A, Juárez-Ramírez M, Márquez-Mota CC, Gómez-Verduzco G, Arce-Menocal J, Ávila-González E. Performance, Gut Integrity, Enterobacteria Content in Ceca of Broiler Fed Different Eubiotic Additives. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J Arce-Menocal
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
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12
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Meat quality of Sasso T44 and Koekoek cockerels exposed to temperature variation with supplementary coriander seed powder. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:402. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Bioactive compounds, antibiotics and heavy metals: effects on the intestinal structure and microbiome of monogastric animals – a non-systematic review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The intestinal structure and gut microbiota are essential for the animals‘ health. Chemical components taken with food provide the right environment for a specific microbiome which, together with its metabolites and the products of digestion, create an environment, which in turn is affects the population size of specific bacteria. Disturbances in the composition of the gut microbiota can be a reason for the malformation of guts, which has a decisive impact on the animal‘ health. This review aimed to analyse scientific literature, published over the past 20 years, concerning the effect of nutritional factors on gut health, determined by the intestinal structure and microbiota of monogastric animals. Several topics have been investigated: bioactive compounds (probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and herbal active substances), antibiotics and heavy metals (essentaial minerals and toxic heavy metals).
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Rafeeq M, Bilal RM, Alagawany M, Batool F, Yameen K, Farag MR, Ali S, Elnesr SS, El-Shall NA. The use of some herbal plants as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rafeeq
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fiza Batool
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Yameen
- Department of Poultry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sher Ali
- Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, University of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfna, Egypt
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15
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Gurram S, Chinni Preetam V, Vijaya Lakshmi K, Raju MVLN, Venkateswarlu M, Bora S. Synergistic effect of probiotic, chicory root powder and coriander seed powder on growth performance, antioxidant activity and gut health of broiler chickens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270231. [PMID: 35759473 PMCID: PMC9236266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut health plays an important role on production and performance of broilers. This trial was undertaken with an aim to evaluate the synergistic effect of probiotic, chicory root powder and coriander seed powder on the performance and gut health of broiler chicken. For this purpose, a total of 240 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 5 birds in each. Treatment groups included T1 as control i.e., basal diet (BD) without any growth promoter and T2-BD + antibiotic (BMD 0.05%). In the remaining experimental diets, T3-probiotic (@ 0.01%) + chicory root powder (@ 1.0%), T4-probiotic (@ 0.01%) + coriander seed powder (@ 1.5%), T5-chicory root powder (@ 1.0%) + coriander seed powder (@ 1.5%) and T6-probiotic (@ 0.01%) + chicory root powder (@ 1.0%) + coriander seed powder (@ 1.5%). The results indicated that supplementation of probiotic + chicory (T3), probiotic + coriander (T4), chicory + coriander (T5) and probiotic + chicory + coriander (T6) in combination resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain and better FCR compared to control and antibiotic groups at 42 d of age. Supplementation of different dietary groups did not show any significant (P>0.05) effect on feed intake of broilers. Supplementation of all the test diets (T3 to T6) significantly (P<0.05) increased the glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione reductase (GSHRx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity when compared to control and antibiotic groups at 42 d of age. Supplementation of all the test diets (T3 to T6) significantly (P<0.05) lowered the pH in the gut, increased Lactobacillus counts, and reduced E. coli and Salmonella counts in the ileum compared to control and antibiotic groups. Supplementation of all the test diets (T3 to T6) significantly (P<0.05) increased the villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), VH:CD ratio and villus width (VW) in the duodenum and only VH and CD in the ileum compared to control and antibiotic groups. Significantly (P<0.05) higher jejunal VH and VW and increased the goblet cell number in duodenum, jejunum and ileum was recorded in all test diets (T3 to T6) compared to control and antibiotic groups. Therefore, combinations of probiotic (0.01%), chicory root powder (1.0%) and coriander seed powder (1.5%) can be used as feed additive for improving performance and gut health of broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Gurram
- Poultry Research Station, PV Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
| | - V. Chinni Preetam
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science, PV Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
| | - K. Vijaya Lakshmi
- Department of Livestock Farm Complex, PV Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, College of Veterinary Science, Mamnoor, Warangal
| | - M. V. L. N. Raju
- Poultry Nutrition, ICAR, Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - M. Venkateswarlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, PV Narsimha Rao Telangana (_((((xxxVeterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
| | - Swathi Bora
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary science, PV Narsimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
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dos Santos ÉRQ, Maia JGS, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. Linalool as a Therapeutic and Medicinal Tool in Depression Treatment: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1073-1092. [PMID: 34544345 PMCID: PMC9886818 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210920094504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent disease worldwide, limiting psychosocial functioning and thequality of life. Linalool is the main constituent of some essential oils from aromatic plants, representing about 70% of these volatile concentrates. Evidence of the linalool activity on the central nervous system, mainly acting as an antidepressant agent, is increasingly abundant. This review aimed to extend the knowledge of linalool's antidepressant action mechanisms, which is fundamental for future research, intending to highlight this natural compound as a new antidepressant phytomedication. A critical analysis is proposed here with probable hypotheses of the synergic mechanisms that support the evidence of antidepressant effects of the linalool. The literature search has been conducted in databases for published scientific articles before December 2020, using relevant keywords. Several pieces of evidence point to the anticonvulsant, sedative, and anxiolytic actions. In addition to these activities, other studies have revealed that linalool acts on the monoaminergic and neuroendocrine systems, inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, resulting in considerable advances in the knowledge of the etiology of depression. In this context, linalool emerges as a promising bioactive compound in the therapeutic arsenal, capable of interacting with numerous pathophysiological factors and acting on several targets. This review claims to contribute to future studies, highlighting the gaps in the linalool knowledge, such as its kinetics, doses, routes of administration, and multiple targets of interaction, to clarify its antidepressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Renan Quaresma dos Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil;
| | - José Guilherme S. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém-Pará 66075-900, Brazil; Tel: +55 (91) 3201-7202; E-mails: ;
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McMurray RL, Ball MEE, Linton M, Pinkerton L, Kelly C, Lester J, Donaldson C, Balta I, Tunney MM, Corcionivoschi N, Situ C. The Effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, Anemone chinensis Bunge, and Smilax glabra Roxb on Broiler Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gastrointestinal Tract Microorganisms. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091110. [PMID: 35565537 PMCID: PMC9105906 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry farming is growing globally, particularly in developing countries, to meet the demands of growing populations for poultry meat and eggs. This is likely to lead to an increase in the use of antibiotics in poultry feed, thus contributing to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance which, poses a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. One way of reducing this threat is to reduce the use of antibiotics in poultry production by finding effective and sustainable antibiotic alternatives that can be used to support poultry health and productivity. Therefore, this study evaluates the incorporation of three medicinal plants, Anemone chinensis Bunge, Smilax glabra Roxb, and Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, in poultry feed on production performance, nutrient digestibility, and bacteria in the chicken caecum in a 35-day performance trial with 420-day-old male Ross 308 broilers. Groups of randomly selected chicks received one of six dietary treatments. These included five experimental diets of reduced nutrient specifications as a negative control (NC); with amoxicillin as a positive antibiotic control (PC1); with A. pilosa Ledeb (NC1); with A. chinensis Bunge (NC2); and with S. glabra Roxb (NC3). One other positive control diet contained the recommended nutrient specification (PC2). Weight gain and feed intake were measured weekly and used to calculate the feed conversion ratio as performance parameters. Bacteria were enumerated from chicken caecum using a traditional plating method and selective agar. S. glabra Roxb and A. chinensis Bunge showed comparable effects to amoxicillin with significantly increased weight gain in birds offered these diets, compared to those offered the negative control from days 0 to 35 (p < 0.001). S. glabra Roxb exhibited effects similar to the amoxicillin control group with an improved feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001). In addition, S. glabra Roxb decreased numbers of E. coli and Campylobacter spp. on days 21 (p < 0.05) and 35 (p < 0.01) and increased numbers of lactic acid bacteria comparable to the antibiotic group on days 14 (p < 0.001) and 35 (p < 0.01). The findings of this in vivo trial highlight the potential of S. glabra Roxb and A. chinensis Bunge as beneficial feed material to promote poultry health and productivity in the absence of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. McMurray
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - M. Elizabeth E. Ball
- Livestock Production Sciences Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT26 6DR, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Mark Linton
- Bacteriology Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (M.L.); (L.P.); (C.K.); (I.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Laurette Pinkerton
- Bacteriology Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (M.L.); (L.P.); (C.K.); (I.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Carmel Kelly
- Bacteriology Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (M.L.); (L.P.); (C.K.); (I.B.); (N.C.)
| | | | | | - Igori Balta
- Bacteriology Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (M.L.); (L.P.); (C.K.); (I.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Michael M. Tunney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK; (M.L.); (L.P.); (C.K.); (I.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Chen Situ
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
- Correspondence: (M.E.E.B.); (C.S.)
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Jachimowicz K, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Tomaszewska E. The Impact of Herbal Additives for Poultry Feed on the Fatty Acid Profile of Meat. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091054. [PMID: 35565481 PMCID: PMC9101922 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers often found that herbal additives to chicken feed can favorably alter the fatty acid profile of the meat. The most desirable effects of diet modification comprise an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a reduced content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the breast and thigh muscles. A modified fatty acid profile contributes to improvement in the quality of poultry meat, which is reflected in its increased consumption. However, it may be problematic that PUFAs are oxidized easier than other lipids, which can have a negative impact on the sensory traits of meat. By contrast, herbs and herbal products contain antioxidants that can prevent the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol present in animal-origin products and increase the antioxidant potential of the consumer’s body. This paper aims to review the influence of herbal additives for broiler chicken diets on the fatty acid profile of poultry meat. Special attention was paid to changes in the content of SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, but also alterations in the omega-6:omega-3 ratio. The presented reference literature supports the statement that herbs and bioactive components of herbs added to chicken diets can improve the quality of broiler chicken meat by altering the content of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jachimowicz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Farinacci P, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Maurer V, Sørensen Dalgaard T, Melzig MF, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry-A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:200-217. [PMID: 34359086 DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool. The PICOS scheme was used to design the research questions. Two databases were consulted, and publications were manually selected, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. A scoring system was established to evaluate the remaining publications. Initially, 4197 identified publications were found, and 77 publications remained after manual sorting, including 38 publications with 70 experiments on bacterial infections and 39 publications with 78 experiments on gastrointestinal protozoa. In total, 83 plant species from 42 families were identified. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most frequently found families with Artemisia annua being the most frequently found plant, followed by Origanum vulgare. As compared to placebo and positive or negative control groups, antimicrobial effects were found in 46 experiments, prebiotic effects in 19 experiments, and antiprotozoal effects in 47 experiments. In summary, a total of 274 positive effects predominated over 241 zero effects and 37 negative effects. Data indicate that O. vulgare, Coriandrum sativum, A. annua, and Bidens pilosa are promising plant species for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Farinacci
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Maurer
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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Faal M, Manouchehri H, Changizi R, Bootorabi F, Khorramizadeh MR. Assessment of resveratrol on diabetes of zebrafish ( Danio rerio). J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:823-833. [PMID: 35673499 PMCID: PMC9167402 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an established model for studying various metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol as a natural polyphenol on reducing inflammation caused by hyperglycemia (diabetes) and its effect on digestive tissue as well as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and INL1β genes in zebrafish. Methods Within a 20-day period, the research was performed on 120 adult zebrafish, which were randomly classified into eight groups: two experimental treatments (induced glucose = +G) and (without glucose = -G), where each main group was as follows: CTRL = control and RSV resveratrol with doses 10, 20, and 30 μmol/L. At the end of the period, the blood glucose level was measured using glucose test strip, staining of intestinal tissue was done by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and expression of INF-γ, IL1-β, and TNF-α genes extracted from the intestinal was measured via internal method RT-PCR. Data analysis in this study was performed using SPSS software version 21. One-way ANOVA and mean comparison of treatments by Duncan test were used for data analysis. All statistical analyses were performed at a significant level (P < 0.5) where the mean data were presented with standard deviation. Results According to the results, the lowest blood sugar level at the end of the experiment belonged to the group (G-RSV20) where no significant difference was observed between treatments (P > 0.05). The highest expression of IL1-β gene belonged to the (G + CTRL) group (P < 0.05), while the (G + RSV20) group showed the lowest expression of the INF-γ gene and had a significant difference with other groups (P < 0.05). In (G + RSV10) treatment, the lowest expression of TNF-α gene was observed and there was no significant difference with other treatments (P > 0.05). Resveratrol would improve the absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tissue by increasing the number of goblet cells as well as the width and height of the villi. Conclusion Collectively, this study indicated that treatment with resveratrol could improve metabolic-mediated performances by reducing blood glucose, increasing food absorption in the intestine tissue, and reducing the expression of inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetic zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Faal
- Department of Aquaculture Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamed Manouchehri
- Department of Aquaculture Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Changizi
- Department of Aquaculture Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bootorabi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Zebra fish core Facility (ZFIN ID: ZDB-LAB-1901172), Endocrinology and Metabolism research Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Ali U, Naveed S, Qaisrani SN, Mahmud A, Hayat Z, Abdullah M, Kikusato M, Toyomizu M. Characteristics of Essential Oils of Apiaceae Family: Their Chemical Compositions, in vitro Properties and Effects on Broiler Production. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:16-37. [PMID: 35125910 PMCID: PMC8791775 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an upsurge of interest in the phytobiotics coincident with the onset of the potential ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in the broiler industry and because many kinds of nutraceuticals play an important role in improving growth performance, feed efficiency, and gut health of broilers. In the previous years, significant biological activities of essential oils (EOs) belonging to phytobiotics were observed, including anti-bacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. We found new perspectives on the roles of EOs, particularly extracts from the Apiaceae family, which is one of the largest plant families, in potential replacement of AGPs, and on the chemical composition involved in regulating microorganism activity and oxidative damage. Furthermore, the positive effects of EOs on broiler production and the possible mechanisms inducing the involvement of gut health and growth performance have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Naveed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmud
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Hayat
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan 13712, Nepal
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22
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Arteaga-Wences Y, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos-Rincón FG, Castro-Pérez B, Mendoza-Cortéz D, Manriquez-Núñez O, Barreras A, Corona-Gochi L, Zinn R, Perea-Domínguez X, Plascencia A. The effects of feeding a standardized mixture of essential oils vs monensin on growth performance, dietary energy and carcass characteristics of lambs fed a high-energy finishing diet. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Blend of Essential Oils Supplemented Alone or Combined with Exogenous Amylase Compared with Virginiamycin Supplementation on Finishing Lambs: Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Nutrient Digestion. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082390. [PMID: 34438846 PMCID: PMC8388634 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antibiotics have been extensively used as growth promoters in livestock, but current interests are focused on limiting the use of conventional antibiotics as feed additives in livestock production. Essential oil compounds belong to a “generally-recognized-as-safe” category of feed additives that may serve as alternatives to conventional antibiotics used as growth promoters. In this study, dietary supplementation of finishing lambs with essential oils alone, or combined with exogenous enzymes, improved dietary energy utilization and meat production in a manner comparable to that of the antibiotic virginiamycin. Abstract Two experiments were conducted to compare a supplemental blend of essential oils alone (EO) or combined with enzymes (EO + ENZ) versus virginiamycin (VM), on characteristics of growth performance (Exp. 1) and digestion (Exp. 2) in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed a high-energy finishing diet supplemented with: (1) no supplement (control); (2) 150 mg supplemental EO; (3) 150 mg supplemental EO plus 560 mg alpha-amylase (EO + ENZ); and 4) 25 mg VM. Compared with the control, growth performance response to EO and VM were similar, enhancing (5.7%, p < 0.05) feed efficiency and observed dietary net energy. Compared with control, supplementation with EO + ENZ tended (p = 0.09) to increase dry matter intake (6.8%), improving (p < 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency (10.4 and 4.4%, respectively). Dietary energy utilization was greater (2.7%, p < 0.05) for EO and VM than EO + ENZ. Treatment effects on the carcass and visceral mass were small, but additive supplementation decreased (p ≤ 0.03) the relative weight of the intestines. There were no treatment effects on measures of digestion nor digestible energy of the diet. Supplemental EO may be an effective alternative to VM in high-energy finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Combination EO + ENZ may further enhance dry matter intake, promoting increased weight gain.
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Saei S, Di Rosa AR, Rasouli B, Seidavi A, Chiofalo V, Liotta L, Chiofalo B. Ajwain ( Trachyspermum copticum) extract in broiler diets: effect on growth performance, carcass components, plasma constituents, immunity and cecum microflora. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1926347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Saei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Behrouz Rasouli
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Phytogenic Water Additives Improve Broiler Growth Performance via Modulation of Intermediary Metabolism-Related Signaling Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030750. [PMID: 33803312 PMCID: PMC7999555 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Global concern around and heightened sensitivity to emerging drug-resistant superbugs have energized scientists to search for new alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Powered by consumer demand for natural products and due to their beneficial effects on growth performances, phytogenics have become very popular and favorable alternatives. However, their mode of action has not been fully defined. Here, we showed that supplementation of phytogenics (AVSSL and SG) in water modulates peripheral metabolic pathways (reduction in hepatic fatty acid synthesis, mobilization of fat stores, and enhancement of muscle protein synthesis), which might explain, at least partly, their effect on feed efficiency improvement in broilers. Abstract A ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) has fueled and promoted scientific research towards the identification of reliable and effective alternatives. The supplementation of phytogenics AV/SSL12 (AVSSL) and Superliv Gold (SG) in water has been shown to improve broiler feed efficiency (FE) via modulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides. However, their effects on peripheral metabolic pathways are still unknown. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of AVSSL and SG on lipid and protein metabolism-associated pathways in various tissues. Day-old male Cobb 500 chicks (n = 288) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups, with 8 replicates of 12 birds each. The treatment groups were fed a basal diet and supplemented with AVSSL or SG in the drinking water at a rate of 2, 4, and 7 mL/100 birds/d during the starter, grower, and finisher phases, respectively. The control group were fed a basal diet with no additive supplementation. On d 35, liver, adipose, and muscle tissue were collected from one bird per pen (8 birds/group). Data were analyzed using Student’s T-test to compare one treatment group to the control using Graph Pad Prism version 6.0 for Windows. In the liver, the levels of phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα) were significantly increased in both the AVSSL and SG groups compared to the control. The hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) was significantly downregulated in both treated groups compared to the control. AVSSL supplementation downregulated the hepatic expression of SREBP-2 and adiponectin (AdipoQ), while SG administration upregulated hepatic AdipoR1/R2 mRNA abundances compared to the untreated group. Both AVSSL and SG treatments upregulated hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) gene expression compared to their untreated counterparts. In the adipose tissue, the levels of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at Ser855/554 site were increased in both the AVSSL and SG groups compared to the control. However, ATGL protein expression was decreased in SG compared to the untreated group. In the muscle, the levels of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) were increased in the AVSSL, but decreased in the SG group compared to the control. Collectively, these data indicate that supplementation of the phytogenics AVSSL and SG in water reduced hepatic lipogenesis-related proteins and increased adipose tissue lipolysis- and muscle protein synthesis-associated targets, which might explain, at least partially, the improvement in FE observed in previous research.
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26
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Ardiarini N, Lase JA. Supplementation of herbals on the production performance and gastrointestinal health of layer hens. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213304002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of herbals on the production performance and gastrointestinal health of layer hens. There were 50 layer hens used and assigned randomly into two different types of diets namely, basal diet (T0) and basal diet+3ml herbals/1000g ration (T1) with each treatment consisting of 25 birds. Meanwhile, the herbals supplemented into the poultry feed consisted of tumeric, sambiloto leaves, soursop leaves, ginger, and lemongrass. Consequently, the T-test results showed that supplementation of herbals on treatment 1 (T1) statistically had no significant difference with treatment control (T0). The study concluded that the herbal mix could be used as a feed supplementation in a layer basal diet.
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Patra AK. Influence of Plant Bioactive Compounds on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Poultry. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:566-577. [PMID: 31878854 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666191226111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant bioactive compounds (PBC) have recently been explored as feed additives to improve productivity, health and welfare of poultry following ban or restriction of in-feed antibiotic use. Depending upon the types of PBC, they possess antimicrobial, digestive enzyme secretion stimulation, antioxidant and many pharmacological properties, which are responsible for beneficial effects in poultry production. Moreover, they may also improve the intestinal barrier function and nutrient transport. In this review, the effects of different PBC on the barrier function, permeability of intestinal epithelia and their mechanism of actions are discussed, focusing on poultry feeding. Dietary PBC may regulate intestinal barrier function through several molecular mechanisms by interacting with different metabolic cascades and cellular transcription signals, which may then modulate expressions of genes and their proteins in the tight junction (e.g., claudins, occludin and junctional adhesion molecules), adherens junction (e.g., E-cadherin), other intercellular junctional proteins (e.g., zonula occludens and catenins), and regulatory proteins (e.g., kinases). Interactive effects of PBC on immunomodulation via expressions of several cytokines, chemokines, complement components, pattern recognition receptors and their transcription factors and cellular immune system, and alteration of mucin gene expressions and goblet cell abundances in the intestine may change barrier functions. The effects of PBC are not consistent among the studies depending upon the type and dose of PBC, physiological conditions and parts of the intestine in chickens. An effective concentration in diets and specific molecular mechanisms of PBC need to be elucidated to understand intestinal barrier functionality in a better way in poultry feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
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28
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Sharma M, Dinh T, Adhikari P. Production performance, egg quality, and small intestine histomorphology of the laying hens supplemented with phytogenic feed additive. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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29
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Taha AE, Hassan SS, Shewita RS, El-Seidy AA, Abd El-Hack ME, Hussein ESOS, Saadeldin IM, Swelum AA, El-Edel MA. Effects of supplementing broiler diets with coriander seed powder on growth performance, blood haematology, ileum microflora and economic efficiency. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1474-1483. [PMID: 31368211 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 480 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary groups, each including six replicates (n = 20/replicate). Broilers in the first group (G1) were fed a basal diet without any additives (control). Broilers in groups 2, 3 and 4 (G2, G3 and G4) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed powder (CSP) respectively. Feeding trials lasted for 42 days, and after that growth, carcass traits, haematological parameters, gut microbiota and economic efficiency (EE) were evaluated. Final body weight (FBW), total weight gain (TWG), total feed intake (TFI) and red blood cell (RBC) counts of broilers in the G4 and G3 treatment groups were significantly higher (p < .05) compared with broilers in the G1 treatment group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (p < .05) in the G4 treatment group (1.72) than in the G1 treatment group (1.84). Broilers in CSP treatment groups had significantly higher haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet counts, and had lower (p < .05) Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens counts compared with broilers in the G1 treatment group. Dressing, liver, pancreas, bursa and thymus percentages were higher (p < .05) in broilers in the G4 (70.30, 3.18, 0.31, 0.10 and 0.32% respectively) treatment group, compared with broilers in the control (G1) group (66.57, 2.37, 0.23, 0.04 and 0.21% respectively). Broilers in treatment groups G4 and G3 had lower percentages of abdominal fat and lower total bacterial counts (p < .05) than broilers in treatment groups G2 and G1. The highest economic efficiency (EE) was found in treatment group G4, and EE in this group was 13.06% greater than in the control (G1) group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Rasheed, Egypt
| | - Saber S Hassan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Ramadan S Shewita
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Rasheed, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Seidy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | | | - El-Sayed O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Edel
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Hernández-Coronado AC, Silva-Vázquez R, Rangel-Nava ZE, Hernández-Martínez CA, Kawas-Garza JR, Hume ME, Méndez-Zamora G. Mexican oregano essential oils given in drinking water on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3050-3058. [PMID: 30839090 PMCID: PMC6591684 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 Mexican oregano essential oils (MOO), from Poliomintha longiflora Gray (PLG) and Lippia berlandieri Schauer (LBS), in drinking water (DWt) on the performance, slaughter variables, and meat quality of broilers over a 40 D period of growth. A total of 180 non-sexed Ross-308 broilers (1-day-old) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 6 replications each (10 birds per replicate): CON = DWt control (without MOO); PLG = DWt + 400 mg/L of PLG; and LBS = DWt + 400 mg/L of LBS. The CON, PLG, and LBS broilers body weights were similar (P > 0.05) at all times. Feed intake (FI) was different by treatment (P < 0.05) at 7 and 28 D, and water intake (WI) was different (P < 0.05) at day 28. The CON treatment was highest (P < 0.05) at 28 D for FI and WI, whereas LBS was lowest (P < 0.05). Weight gain (WG) for CON, PLG, and LBS broilers was similar (P > 0.05), although WG for CON was slightly higher. In CON broilers, slaughter weight was highest (P < 0.05), but thigh yield was lowest (P < 0.05). The CON and PLG treatments were lower (P < 0.05) in thigh and leg cooking losses. The PLG treatment presented the highest values (P < 0.05) for breast-meat redness, saturation index, shear force, odor, taste, and overall sensory acceptability. The LBS was higher (P < 0.05) for breast-meat shear force, cohesiveness and resilience, but lower (P < 0.05) for sensory attributes. Mexican oregano essential oils at 400 mg/L can serve as natural alternative additives in DWt to improve broiler production and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramón Silva-Vázquez
- Instituto Tecnologico de Parral, Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Bioquimica, Hidalgo del Parral, 33850, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Zayd Eliud Rangel-Nava
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Agronomia, General Escobedo, 66050, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge R Kawas-Garza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Agronomia, General Escobedo, 66050, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Michael E Hume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, 778445, TX
| | - Gerardo Méndez-Zamora
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Agronomia, General Escobedo, 66050, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Mohammadi Ghasem Abadi MH, Moravej H, Shivazad M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Kim WK. Effects of feed form and particle size, and pellet binder on performance, digestive tract parameters, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora populations in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1432-1440. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska M, Szczerbińska D. The effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil as a drinking water supplement on the production performance, blood biochemical parameters, and ileal microflora in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:358-365. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Patra AK, Amasheh S, Aschenbach JR. Modulation of gastrointestinal barrier and nutrient transport function in farm animals by natural plant bioactive compounds – A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3237-3266. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1486284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rudolf Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
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Sujatha T, Abhinaya S, Sunder J, Thangapandian M, Kundu A. Efficacy of early chick nutrition with Aloe vera and Azadirachta indica on gut health and histomorphometry in chicks. Vet World 2017; 10:569-573. [PMID: 28717305 PMCID: PMC5499070 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.569-573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted with an aim of studying the efficacy of water supplements of Aloe vera and Azadirachta indica (neem) during pre-starter age (0-2 weeks) on gut health and histomorphometry in Vanaraja chicks. Materials and Methods: A total of 192 day old Vanaraja chicks were randomly assigned to one of four herbal water treatments throughout the experimental pre-starter stage (0-2 weeks) in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was given four replicates consisting of 12 chicks per replicate. Water treatments comprised T1: Control with regular antibiotic supplement, T2: 3 ml Aloe juice per chick per day, T3: 3 ml neem extract per chick per day, T4: 1.5 ml Aloe and 1.5 ml neem per chick per day. Gut culture was done for Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus sps. and gut histomorphometry in 24 gut samples at 14 days of age. Results: This study revealed that supplementation of A. vera and neem in water significantly (p<0.05) reduced and increased the number of gut E. coli and Lactobacillus sps. Colonies, respectively, as compared to that of control groups; Villi was significantly (p<0.05) taller and broader on 14 days of age across the jejunum of chicks fed with neem supplementation as compared to that of control chicks. Significantly lower crypt depth (p<0.05) was observed in the duodenum of Aloe supplementation. Villus height: Crypt depth ratio of duodenum and jejunum was significantly (p<0.05) increased neem and Aloe supplementation in chicks as compared to their combination and control. Conclusion: Immediate post hatch supplementation of Aloe juice and neem extract in chicks improved the development and health of their gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilvanan Sujatha
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair - 744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Sivasankar Abhinaya
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair - 744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Jai Sunder
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair - 744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Marudhai Thangapandian
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair - 744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Anandamoy Kundu
- Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair - 744 105, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
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Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 18:26-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252316000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.
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