1
|
Rizzo-Valente VS, Fusco MA, Cruz RMML, Santos RA, Silva LS, Escaleira RC, Schulz DF, Barroso SPC, Miranda BL, Santos DZ, Gregório ML, Guerra RJA, Pavão MSG. Effects of Dermatan Sulfate from Marine Invertebrate Styela plicata in the Wound Healing Pathway: A Natural Resource Applied to Regenerative Therapy. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:676. [PMID: 36354999 PMCID: PMC9693086 DOI: 10.3390/md20110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic dermatological injuries need rapid tissue repair due to the susceptibility to infections. To effectively promote cutaneous wound recovery, it is essential to develop safe, low-cost, and affordable regenerative tools. Therefore, we aimed to identify the biological mechanisms involved in the wound healing properties of the glycosaminoglycan dermatan sulfate (DS), obtained from ascidian Styela plicata, a marine invertebrate, which in preliminary work from our group showed no toxicity and promoted a remarkable fibroblast proliferation and migration. In this study, 2,4-DS (50 µg/mL)-treated and control groups had the relative gene expression of 84 genes participating in the healing pathway evaluated. The results showed that 57% of the genes were overexpressed during treatment, 16% were underexpressed, and 9.52% were not detected. In silico analysis of metabolic interactions exhibited overexpression of genes related to: extracellular matrix organization, hemostasis, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and regulation of insulin-like growth factor transport and uptake. Furthermore, in C57BL/6 mice subjected to experimental wounds treated with 0.25% 2,4-DS, the histological parameters demonstrated a great capacity for vascular recovery. Additionally, this study confirmed that DS is a potent inducer of wound-healing cellular pathways and a promoter of neovascularization, being a natural ally in the tissue regeneration strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S. Rizzo-Valente
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Glycoconjugates, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital and Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Fusco
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Renata M. M. L. Cruz
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Rachel A. Santos
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Silva
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Roberta C. Escaleira
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Daniel F. Schulz
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Shana P. C. Barroso
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Bruno L. Miranda
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Daniela Z. Santos
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L. Gregório
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J. A. Guerra
- Biomedical Research Institute, Marcílio Dias Naval Hospital, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro 20725-090, Brazil
| | - Mauro S. G. Pavão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Glycoconjugates, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital and Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manganese systemic distribution is modulated in vivo during tumor progression and affects tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15833. [PMID: 34349175 PMCID: PMC8338990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease remains the leading cause of death in cancer and understanding the mechanisms involved in tumor progression continues to be challenging. This work investigates the role of manganese in tumor progression in an in vivo model of tumor growth. Our data revealed that manganese accumulates within primary tumors and secondary organs as manganese-rich niches. Consequences of such phenomenon were investigated, and we verified that short-term changes in manganese alter cell surface molecules syndecan-1 and β1-integrin, enhance collective cell migration and invasive behavior. Long-term increased levels of manganese do not affect cell growth and viability but enhance cell migration. We also observed that manganese is secreted from tumor cells in extracellular vesicles, rather than in soluble form. Finally, we describe exogenous glycosaminoglycans that counteract manganese effects on tumor cell behavior. In conclusion, our analyses describe manganese as a central element in tumor progression by accumulating in Mn-rich niches in vivo, as well as in vitro, affecting migration and extracellular vesicle secretion in vitro. Manganese accumulation in specific regions of the organism may not be a common ground for all cancers, nevertheless, it represents a new aspect of tumor progression that deserves special attention.
Collapse
|
3
|
Künze G, Huster D, Samsonov SA. Investigation of the structure of regulatory proteins interacting with glycosaminoglycans by combining NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling - the beginning of a wonderful friendship. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1337-1355. [PMID: 33882203 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of regulatory proteins with extracellular matrix or cell surface-anchored glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) plays important roles in molecular recognition, wound healing, growth, inflammation and many other processes. In spite of their high biological relevance, protein-GAG complexes are significantly underrepresented in structural databases because standard tools for structure determination experience difficulties in studying these complexes. Co-crystallization with subsequent X-ray analysis is hampered by the high flexibility of GAGs. NMR spectroscopy experiences difficulties related to the periodic nature of the GAGs and the sparse proton network between protein and GAG with distances that typically exceed the detection limit of nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy. In contrast, computer modeling tools have advanced over the last years delivering specific protein-GAG docking approaches successfully complemented with molecular dynamics (MD)-based analysis. Especially the combination of NMR spectroscopy in solution providing sparse structural constraints with molecular docking and MD simulations represents a useful synergy of forces to describe the structure of protein-GAG complexes. Here we review recent methodological progress in this field and bring up examples where the combination of new NMR methods along with cutting-edge modeling has yielded detailed structural information on complexes of highly relevant cytokines with GAGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Künze
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S, 5140 MRB3, Nashville, TN37240, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN37235, USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu ZX, Huang SL, Hou J, Guo XP, Wang FS, Sheng JZ. Cell-based high-throughput screening of polysaccharide biosynthesis hosts. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:62. [PMID: 33663495 PMCID: PMC7934428 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Valuable polysaccharides are usually produced using wild-type or metabolically-engineered host microbial strains through fermentation. These hosts act as cell factories that convert carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides or starch, into bioactive polysaccharides. It is desirable to develop effective in vivo high-throughput approaches to screen cells that display high-level synthesis of the desired polysaccharides. Uses of single or dual fluorophore labeling, fluorescence quenching, or biosensors are effective strategies for cell sorting of a library that can be applied during the domestication of industrial engineered strains and metabolic pathway optimization of polysaccharide synthesis in engineered cells. Meanwhile, high-throughput screening strategies using each individual whole cell as a sorting section are playing growing roles in the discovery and directed evolution of enzymes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis, such as glycosyltransferases. These enzymes and their mutants are in high demand as tool catalysts for synthesis of saccharides in vitro and in vivo. This review provides an introduction to the methodologies of using cell-based high-throughput screening for desired polysaccharide-biosynthesizing cells, followed by a brief discussion of potential applications of these approaches in glycoengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Si-Ling Huang
- Bloomage BioTechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Jin Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xue-Ping Guo
- Bloomage BioTechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Feng-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Ju-Zheng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pomin VH, Vignovich WP, Gonzales AV, Vasconcelos AA, Mulloy B. Galactosaminoglycans: Medical Applications and Drawbacks. Molecules 2019; 24:E2803. [PMID: 31374852 PMCID: PMC6696379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactosaminoglycans (GalAGs) are sulfated glycans composed of alternating N-acetylgalactosamine and uronic acid units. Uronic acid epimerization, sulfation patterns and fucosylation are modifications observed on these molecules. GalAGs have been extensively studied and exploited because of their multiple biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfates (CSs), the main representative family of GalAGs, have been used in alternative therapy of joint pain/inflammation and osteoarthritis. The relatively novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), commonly found in sea cucumbers, has been screened in multiple systems in addition to its widely studied anticoagulant action. Biomedical properties of GalAGs are directly dependent on the sugar composition, presence or lack of fucose branches, as well as sulfation patterns. Although research interest in GalAGs has increased considerably over the three last decades, perhaps motivated by the parallel progress of glycomics, serious questions concerning the effectiveness and potential side effects of GalAGs have recently been raised. Doubts have centered particularly on the beneficial functions of CS-based therapeutic supplements and the potential harmful effects of FCS as similarly observed for oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, as a contaminant of heparin. Unexpected components were also detected in CS-based pharmaceutical preparations. This review therefore aims to offer a discussion on (1) the current and potential therapeutic applications of GalAGs, including those of unique features extracted from marine sources, and (2) the potential drawbacks of this class of molecules when applied to medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - William P Vignovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Alysia V Gonzales
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Imperial College, Department of Medicine, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antithrombotics from the Sea: Polysaccharides and Beyond. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030170. [PMID: 30884850 PMCID: PMC6471875 DOI: 10.3390/md17030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms exhibit some advantages as a renewable source of potential drugs, far beyond chemotherapics. Particularly, the number of marine natural products with antithrombotic activity has increased in the last few years, and reports show a wide diversity in scaffolds, beyond the polysaccharide framework. While there are several reviews highlighting the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides, reports including other molecules are sparse. Therefore, the present paper provides an update of the recent progress in marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides and quotes other scaffolds that are being considered for investigation due to their antithrombotic effect.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vasconcelos AA, Pomin VH. The Sea as a Rich Source of Structurally Unique Glycosaminoglycans and Mimetics. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030051. [PMID: 28846656 PMCID: PMC5620642 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated glycans capable of regulating various biological and medical functions. Heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate and hyaluronan are the principal classes of GAGs found in animals. Although GAGs are all composed of disaccharide repeating building blocks, the sulfation patterns and the composing alternating monosaccharides vary among classes. Interestingly, GAGs from marine organisms can present structures clearly distinct from terrestrial animals even considering the same class of GAG. The holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, the dermatan sulfates with distinct sulfation patterns extracted from ascidian species, the sulfated glucuronic acid-containing heparan sulfate isolated from the gastropode Nodipecten nodosum, and the hybrid heparin/heparan sulfate molecule obtained from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei are some typical examples. Besides being a rich source of structurally unique GAGs, the sea is also a wealthy environment of GAG-resembling sulfated glycans. Examples of these mimetics are the sulfated fucans and sulfated galactans found in brown, red and green algae, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. For adequate visualization, representations of all discussed molecules are given in both Haworth projections and 3D models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
- University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Köwitsch A, Zhou G, Groth T. Medical application of glycosaminoglycans: a review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e23-e41. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Köwitsch
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
NMR structural determination of unique invertebrate glycosaminoglycans endowed with medical properties. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
10
|
Pomin VH. A Dilemma in the Glycosaminoglycan-Based Therapy: Synthetic or Naturally Unique Molecules? Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1195-219. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-913 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pomin VH. Structure-function relationship of anticoagulant and antithrombotic well-defined sulfated polysaccharides from marine invertebrates. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 65:195-209. [PMID: 22361188 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs), such as sulfated fucans (SFs), sulfated galactans (SGs), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from invertebrate animals, are highly anionic polysaccharides capable of interacting with certain cationic proteins, such as (co)-factors of the coagulation cascade during clotting-inhibition process. Primarily, these molecular complexes between MSPs and coagulation-related proteins seem to be driven mostly by electrostatic interactions. However, through a systematic comparison using several novel well-defined sulfated polysaccharides composed of repetitive oligosaccharides with clear sulfation patterns, it was proved that those molecular interactions are essentially regulated by the stereochemistry of the glycans (which depends on a conjunction of anomeric configurations, sugar types, conformational preferences, glycosylation, and sulfation sites), rather than just a mere consequence of the electronegative density charges (mainly from number of sulfate groups). Here, we present an overview about the structure-function relationship of the invertebrate MSPs with regular structures as potential anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents, as pathologies related to the cardiovascular system are one of the major causes of mortality in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kozlowski EO, Lima PC, Vicente CP, Lotufo T, Bao X, Sugahara K, Pavão MSG. Dermatan sulfate in tunicate phylogeny: order-specific sulfation pattern and the effect of [→4IdoA(2-sulfate)β-1→3GalNAc(4-sulfate)β-1→] motifs in dermatan sulfate on heparin cofactor II activity. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 12:29. [PMID: 21619699 PMCID: PMC3127831 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Previously, we have reported the presence of highly sulfated dermatans in solitary ascidians from the orders Phlebobranchia (Phallusia nigra) and Stolidobranchia (Halocynthia pyriformis and Styela plicata). Despite the identical disaccharide backbone, consisting of [→4IdoA(2S)β-1→3GalNAcβ-1→], those polymers differ in the position of sulfation on the N-Acetyl galactosamine, which can occur at carbon 4 or 6. We have shown that position rather than degree of sulfation is important for heparin cofactor II activity. As a consequence, 2,4- and 2,6-sulfated dermatans have high and low heparin cofactor II activities, respectively. In the present study we extended the disaccharide analysis of ascidian dermatan sulfates to additional species of the orders Stolidobranchia (Herdmania pallida, Halocynthia roretzi) and Phlebobranchia (Ciona intestinalis), aiming to investigate how sulfation evolved within Tunicata. In addition, we analysed how heparin cofactor II activity responds to dermatan sulfates containing different proportions of 2,6- or 2,4-disulfated units. Results Disaccharide analyses indicated a high content of disulfated disaccharide units in the dermatan sulfates from both orders. However, the degree of sulfation decreased from Stolidobranchia to Phlebobranchia. While 76% of the disaccharide units in dermatan sulfates from stolidobranch ascidians are disulfated, 53% of disulfated disaccharides are found in dermatan sulfates from phlebobranch ascidians. Besides this notable difference in the sulfation degree, dermatan sulfates from phlebobranch ascidians contain mainly 2,6-sulfated disaccharides whereas dermatan sulfate from the stolidobranch ascidians contain mostly 2,4-sulfated disaccharides, suggesting that the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfates might be differently regulated during tunicates evolution. Changes in the position of sulfation on N-acetylgalactosamine in the disaccharide [→4IdoA(2-Sulfate)β-1→3GalNAcβ-1→] modulate heparin cofactor II activity of dermatan sulfate polymers. Thus, high and low heparin cofactor II stimulating activity is observed in 2,4-sulfated dermatan sulfates and 2,6-sulfated dermatan sulfates, respectively, confirming the clear correlation between the anticoagulant activities of dermatan sulfates and the presence of 2,4-sulfated units. Conclusions Our results indicate that in ascidian dermatan sulfates the position of sulfation on the GalNAc in the disaccharide [→4IdoA(2S)β-1→3GalNAcβ-1→] is directly related to the taxon and that the 6-O sulfation is a novelty apparently restricted to the Phlebobranchia. We also show that the increased content of [→4IdoA(2S)β-1→3GalNAc(4S)β-1→] disaccharide units in dermatan sulfates from Stolidobranchia accounts for the increased heparin cofactor II stimulating activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliene O Kozlowski
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Glicoconjugados, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belmiro CLR, Castelo-Branco MTL, Melim LMC, Schanaider A, Elia C, Madi K, Pavão MSG, de Souza HSP. Unfractionated heparin and new heparin analogues from ascidians (chordate-tunicate) ameliorate colitis in rats. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11267-78. [PMID: 19258310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807211200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effect of mammalian heparin analogues, named dermatan sulfate and heparin, isolated from the ascidian Styela plicata was accessed in a TNBS-induced colitis model in rats. Subcutaneous administration of the invertebrate compounds during a 7-day period drastically reduced inflammation as observed by the normalization of the macroscopic and histological characteristics of the colon. At the molecular level, a decrease in the production of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and VEGF was observed, as well as a reduction of NF-kappaB and MAPK kinase activation. At the cellular level, the heparin analogues attenuated lymphocyte and macrophage recruitment and epithelial cell apoptosis. A drastic reduction in collagen-mediated fibrosis was also observed. No hemorrhagic events were observed after glycan treatment. These results strongly indicate the potential therapeutic use of these compounds for the treatment of colonic inflammation with a lower risk of hemorrhage when compared with mammalian heparin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celso L R Belmiro
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF) and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ben Mansour M, Majdoub H, Bataille I, Roudesli MS, Hassine M, Ajzenberg N, Chaubet F, Maaroufi RM. Polysaccharides from the skin of the ray Raja radula. Partial characterization and anticoagulant activity. Thromb Res 2009; 123:671-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Adiponectin as an inducer of decorin synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2008; 83:447-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Santos JC, Mesquita JMF, Belmiro CLR, da Silveira CBM, Viskov C, Mourier PA, Pavão MSG. Isolation and characterization of a heparin with low antithrombin activity from the body of Styela plicata (Chordata-Tunicata). Distinct effects on venous and arterial models of thrombosis. Thromb Res 2007; 121:213-23. [PMID: 17482241 PMCID: PMC2211419 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A heparin preparation with low antithrombin activity and different disaccharide composition than mammalian heparin was isolated from the body of the ascidian Styela plicata (Chordata-Tunicata). The disaccharide composition and the effect of the invertebrate glycan on venous and arterial models of thrombosis was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS High performance liquid chromatography of the products formed by a mixture of heparin lyases showed that the ascidian heparin is composed mainly by delta UA(2SO4)-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO4) (47.5%), delta UA(2SO4)-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO4)(6SO4) (38.3%) disaccharides and smaller amounts of the disaccharides delta UA(2SO4)-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO4)(3SO4)(6SO4) (2.8%) and delta UA(2SO4)-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO4)(3SO4) (8.0%). The invertebrate heparin has an aPTT activity of 18 IU/mg and an antithrombin-mediated antithrombin and anti-factor Xa activities 10-fold lower than that of mammalian heparin. In a venous model of thrombosis in the vena cava, S. plicata heparin inhibits only 80% of thrombosis at a dose 10-fold higher than that of the mammalian heparin that inhibits 100% of thrombosis. However, in an arterio-shunt model of arterial thrombosis, both S. plicata and mammalian heparin possess equivalent antithrombotic activities. It is also shown that at equivalent doses, ascidian heparin has a lower bleeding effect than mammalian heparin. CONCLUSION The antithrombin-mediated anticoagulant activity of heparin polymers is not directly related to antithrombotic potency in the arterio-venous shunt. The results of the present work suggest that heparin preparations obtained from the body of S. plicata may have a safer therapeutic action in the treatment of arterial thrombosis than mammalian heparin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Santos
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-590, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Barros CM, Andrade LR, Allodi S, Viskov C, Mourier PA, Cavalcante MCM, Straus AH, Takahashi HK, Pomin VH, Carvalho VF, Martins MA, Pavão MSG. The Hemolymph of the Ascidian Styela plicata (Chordata-Tunicata) Contains Heparin inside Basophil-like Cells and a Unique Sulfated Galactoglucan in the Plasma. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:1615-26. [PMID: 17114184 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604056200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemolymph of ascidians (Chordata-Tunicata) contains different types of hemocytes embedded in a liquid plasma. In the present study, heparin and a sulfated heteropolysaccharide were purified from the hemolymph of the ascidian Styela plicata. The heteropolysaccharide occurs free in the plasma, is composed of glucose ( approximately 60%) and galactose ( approximately 40%), and is highly sulfated. Heparin, on the other hand, occurs in the hemocytes, and high performance liquid chromatography of the products formed by degradation with specific lyases revealed that it is composed mainly by the disaccharides DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4)) (39.7%) and DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(6SO(4)) (38.2%). Small amounts of the 3-O-sulfated disaccharides DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(3SO(4)) (9.8%) and DeltaUA(2SO(4))-1-->4-beta-d-GlcN(SO(4))(3SO(4))(6SO(4)) (3.8%) were also detected. These 3-O-sulfated disaccharides were demonstrated to be essential for the binding of the hemocyte heparin to antithrombin III. Electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the ultrastructure of the hemocytes and to localize heparin and histamine in these cells. At least five cell types were recognized and classified as univacuolated and multivacuolated cells, amebocytes, hemoblasts, and granulocytes. Immunocytochemistry showed that heparin and histamine co-localize in intracellular granules of only one type of hemocyte, the granulocyte. These results show for the first time that in ascidians, a sulfated galactoglucan circulates free in the plasma, and heparin occurs as an intracellular product of a circulating basophil-like cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintia M de Barros
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gandra M, Kozlowski EO, Andrade LR, de Barros CM, Pascarelli BMO, Takiya CM, Pavão MSG. Collagen colocalizes with a protein containing a decorin-specific peptide in the tissues of the ascidian Styela plicata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 144:215-22. [PMID: 16581275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Decorin is an extracellular matrix dermatan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan found in a variety of vertebrate species. In the extracellular matrix of mammals, decorin interacts with fibrillar collagen and regulates its morphology. We report here the occurrence and distribution of collagen type I and the peptide, CEASGIGPEVPDDRD, which is present in the human decorin proteoglycan, in the extracellular matrix of different tissues of the primitive invertebrate chordate Styela plicata. The content of collagen was estimated by hydroxyproline, and its distribution in the tissues by histochemistry. Collagen was detected biochemically in intestine, heart, pharynx and mantle, occurring in higher amounts in the heart, followed by pharynx, mantle and intestine. Histochemical analysis with Sirius red indicates that collagen is present in the extracellular matrix of intestine and pharynx. Further ultrastructural immuno-gold assays using polyclonal antibodies raised against the decorin-specific peptide CEASGIGPEVPDDRD and collagen type I showed a co-localization of these molecules. These data suggest the occurrence of a protein containing a decorin-like peptide sequence, which may be interacting with fibrillar collagen in this primitive chordate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gandra
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marine organisms from Brazil as source of potential anticancer agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
20
|
Mayer AMS, Hamann MT. Marine pharmacology in 2001--2002: marine compounds with anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 140:265-86. [PMID: 15919242 PMCID: PMC4928201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During 2001--2002, research on the pharmacology of marine chemicals continued to be global in nature involving investigators from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, and the United States. This current article, a sequel to the authors' 1998, 1999 and 2000 marine pharmacology reviews, classifies 106 marine chemicals derived from a diverse group of marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria, on the basis of peer-reviewed preclinical pharmacology. Anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis or antiviral activities were reported for 56 marine chemicals. An additional 19 marine compounds were shown to have significant effects on the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system as well as to possess anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. Finally, 31 marine compounds were reported to act on a variety of molecular targets and thus may potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. Thus, during 2001--2002 pharmacological research with marine chemicals continued to contribute potentially novel chemical leads for the ongoing global search for therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple disease categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Taylor KR, Rudisill JA, Gallo RL. Structural and Sequence Motifs in Dermatan Sulfate for Promoting Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) and FGF-7 Activity. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:5300-6. [PMID: 15563459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410412200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans have been implicated in the binding and activation of a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. In this way, glycosaminoglycans are thought to participate in events such as development and wound repair. In particular, heparin and heparan sulfate have been well studied, and specific aspects of their structure dictate their participation in a variety of activities. In contrast, although dermatan sulfate participates in many of the same biological processes as heparin and heparan sulfate, the interactions of dermatan sulfate have been less well studied. Dermatan sulfate is abundant in the wound environment and binds and activates growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and FGF-7, which are present during the wound repair process. To determine the minimum size and sulfation content of active dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides, dermatan sulfate was first digested and then separated by size exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography, and the activity to facilitate FGF-2 and FGF-7 was assayed by the cellular proliferation of cell lines expressing FGFR1 or FGFR2 IIIb. The minimum size required for the activation of FGF-2 was an octasaccharide and for FGF-7 a decasaccharide. Active fractions were rich in monosulfated, primarily 4-O-sulfated, disaccharides and iduronic acid. Increasing the sulfation to primarily 2/4-O-sulfated and 2/6-O-sulfated disaccharides did not increase activity. Cell proliferation decreased or was abolished with higher sulfated dermatan sulfate preparations. This indicated a preference for specific dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides capable of promoting FGF-2- and FGF-7-dependent cell proliferation. These data identify critical oligosaccharides that promote specific members of the FGF family that are important for wound repair and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Taylor
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|