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Khuntia A, Martorell M, Ilango K, Bungau SG, Radu AF, Behl T, Sharifi-Rad J. Theoretical evaluation of Cleome species' bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential: A literature review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113161. [PMID: 35644118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The species of Cleome genus are taxonomically included in the family of Cleomaceae and in the order of Brassicales, representing flowering plants with a long history of use in traditional medicine. Phytochemical screening experiments revealed that Cleome species contain a wide range of beneficial bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes, sterols, and anthocyanins, indicating a therapeutic potential. Furthermore, due to the presence of these phytocompounds, there are various plant species in this genus that have demonstrated a wide range of genotypic, chemo typic, and biological activity in several ecological settings around the world. The potential biological actions and pharmacological effects, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, antidepressant, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective are closely related to the active substances contained in various parts of the plants. By centralizing medical data provided by the scientific literature, we offer in the present work a comprehensive perspective on a wide range of bioactive compounds identified from diverse Cleome species, emphasizing the correlation of natural active substances with potential pharmacological activities that can contribute to the improvement of therapeutic management for a range of pathologies. In addition, this review suggests future research perspectives to improve the use of phytochemicals contained in the species of Cleome genus, both in terms of increasing therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles, but also in terms of identifying a possible new pharmacological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Khuntia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, West Godavari, 534202 Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, 4070386 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Kaliappan Ilango
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu (Dt), 603203 Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, 14-008 Cuenca, Ecuador.
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Panicker NG, Balhamar SOMS, Akhlaq S, Qureshi MM, Rehman NU, Al-Harrasi A, Hussain J, Mustafa F. Organic extracts from Cleome droserifolia exhibit effective caspase-dependent anticancer activity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 32143618 PMCID: PMC7076903 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the anticancer potential of the medicinal herb, Cleome droserifolia (CD), a local plant of the Arabian Peninsula. C. droserifolia is traditionally known for its rubefacient, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods Organic fractions of the aerial parts of Cleome droserifolia harvested from the Arabian Peninsula were tested in human breast and cervical cancer cell lines for their anticancer potential. This was accomplished by using biochemical and cellular assays, including MTT, caspase Glo, western blot, and annexin V/propidium iodide-based flow cytometry analyses. Results Test of the dichloromethane fraction of the methanolic extract of C. droserifolia, (CDD) revealed potent cytotoxic activity (from 70 to 90%) against several human cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa. Further characterization of the CDD fraction in MCF-7 cells revealed that it could activate the enzymatic activity of various caspases in a statistically significant manner, and induce cleavage of both caspase 7 and poly ADB ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins, but not the ethyl acetate fraction. Test of the ability of CDD to induce early signs of apoptosis was validated by annexin V/propidium iodide assay using FACS analysis. Induction of apoptosis was completely reversed by the classic pan inhibitor of apoptosis, Z-VAD-FMK, reducing early apoptosis from 29.7 to 0.6%, confirming that CDD could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis. Conclusions Altogether, our results reveal that C. droserifolia is a valuable medicinal plant with bioactive molecules that can induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. Thus, this plant should be explored further for its potential as an anticancer natural therapy as well as the isolation of novel molecules with anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Gopinathan Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Tawam Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | | | - Shaima Akhlaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Tawam Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohammed Mansoor Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Tawam Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Tawam Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE.
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Matos-Rocha TJ, Cavalcanti MGS, Veras DL, Santos AF, Freitas CFD, Suassuna ASCL, Melo ESD, Barbosa-Filho JM, Alves LC, Santos FABD. In vivo effect of essential oil of Mentha x villosa and its active compound against Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907). BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:582-588. [PMID: 31691742 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.216607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis treatment is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ). The development of resistance of PZQ has drawn the attention of many researchers to alternative drugs. One viable and promising treatment is the study of medicinal plants as a new approach to the experimental treatment for Schistosomiasis. The present work aimed to evaluate in vivo antischistosomal activity of effect of Mentha x villosa Oil Essential (Mv-EO) and rotundifolone (ROT) against Schistosoma mansoni. Thirty-day-old female Swiss webster mice (Mus musculus) weighing 50 grams were used. Mice were infected with 80 cercariae of S. mansoni (BH strain) and orally administered Mv-EO (50, 100 and 200 mg/Kg) and ROT (35.9, 70.9 and 141.9 mg/Kg) at 45-days post infection for 5 consecutive days. All mice were euthanized 60 days after infection. Praziquantel was the positive control in the experiment. Doses of 200 mg/kg (Mv-EO) and ROT (141.9 mg/Kg) resulted in a significant reduction in fluke burden (72.44% and 74.48%, respectively). There was also marked reduction in liver, intestinal and faecal and changed oogram pattern, compared to infected untreated mice. Considering the results obtained, further biological studies are required in order to elucidate the mechanism of schistosomicidal action on against adult S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Matos-Rocha
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - M G S Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - D L Veras
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - A F Santos
- Centro Universitário CESMAC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Análise de Sistemas Ambientais, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - C F de Freitas
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - E S de Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - L C Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - F A Brayner Dos Santos
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Soliman RH, Ismail OA, Badr MS, Nasr SM. Resveratrol ameliorates oxidative stress and organ dysfunction in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Exp Parasitol 2017; 174:52-58. [PMID: 28167208 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni causes a major chronic debilitating disease in more than 230 million people around the world. The pathognomonic granuloma is a major cause of the oxidative stress encountered as a consequence of infection not only in the liver, but also in other important organs as spleen, lung, brain and kidney. Resveratrol administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily for two weeks to mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni resulted in improvement in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Enzymatic antioxidant profile showed significant modulations in Superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and reduced glutathione levels. Specific biomarkers for homeostasis of brain and lung i.e. Tau and RAGE respectively, showed significant improvement after resveratrol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Soliman
- Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology Department, Taif University, KSA.
| | - O A Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, Egypt
| | - M S Badr
- Medical Research Center, Ain Shams University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - S M Nasr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Sarhan WA, Azzazy HME, El-Sherbiny IM. Honey/Chitosan Nanofiber Wound Dressing Enriched with Allium sativum and Cleome droserifolia: Enhanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6379-90. [PMID: 26909753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two natural extracts were loaded within fabricated honey, poly(vinyl alcohol), chitosan nanofibers (HPCS) to develop biocompatible antimicrobial nanofibrous wound dressing. The dried aqueous extract of Cleome droserifolia (CE) and Allium sativum aqueous extract (AE) and their combination were loaded within the HPCS nanofibers in the HPCS-CE, HPCS-AE, and HPCS-AE/CE nanofiber mats, respectively. It was observed that the addition of AE resulted in the least fiber diameter (145 nm), whereas the addition of the AE and CE combination resulted in the least swelling ability and the highest weight loss. In vitro antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed in comparison with the commercial dressing AquacelAg and revealed that the HPCS-AE and HPCS-AE/CE nanofiber mats allowed complete inhibition of S. aureus and the HPCS-AE/CE exhibited mild antibacterial activity against MRSA. A preliminary in vivo study revealed that the developed nanofiber mats enhanced the wound healing process as compared to the untreated control as proved by the enhanced wound closure rates in mice and by the histological examination of the wounds. Moreover, comparison with the commercial dressing Aquacel Ag, the HPCS, and HPCS-AE/CE demonstrated similar effects on the wound healing process, whereas the HPCS/AE allowed an enhanced wound closure rate. Cell culture studies proved the biocompatibility of the developed nanofiber mats in comparison with the commercial Aquacel Ag, which exhibited noticeable cytotoxicity. The developed natural nanofiber mats hold potential as promising biocompatible antibacterial wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam A Sarhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo , New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo , New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Center for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology , 6th October City, Giza 12588, Egypt
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Fabri RL, Aragão DMDO, Florêncio JR, Pinto NDCC, Mattos ACA, Coelho PMZ, Castañon MCMN, Vasconcelos EG, Pinto PDF, Scio E. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis and effects of the medicinal plant species Mitracarpus frigidus on adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:941318. [PMID: 24901000 PMCID: PMC4034476 DOI: 10.1155/2014/941318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal properties of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) and to determine its HPLC profile. For the in vitro experiment, four pairs of adult worms, obtained from infected mice, were exposed to different concentrations of MFM (100 to 400 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h and analyzed under an inverted microscope. For the in vivo experiment, mice were inoculated with cercariae and, 20 days after infection, MFM (100 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally for the following 25 days. Mice were euthanized after 60 days. MFM showed in vitro schistosomicidal activity, exhibiting the opening of the gynaecophoral canal of some male schistosomes, the presence of contorted muscles, vesicles, and the darkening of the paired worms skin. In vivo experiments showed that MFM treatments significantly reduced total worm count, as praziquantel, showing a decrease in liver and spleen weight. Also, a significant reduction in granuloma density was observed. MFM treatment did not cause alterations in the liver function of either infected or noninfected mice. The HPLC chromatogram profile showed the presence of kaempferol-O-rutinoside, rutin, kaempferol, psychorubrin, and ursolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Maria de Oliveira Aragão
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Rodrigues Florêncio
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves Mattos
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, 30190 002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, 30190 002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Eveline Gomes Vasconcelos
- Protein Structure and Function Study Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Faria Pinto
- Protein Structure and Function Study Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Elita Scio
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Eissa TAF, Palomino OM, Carretero ME, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants used in the treatment of CNS disorders in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:317-332. [PMID: 24184194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To provide ethnopharmacological information on the use of medicinal plants for central nervous system (CNS) disorders in the Sinai Peninsula region (Egypt). To collect, analyze and evaluate the ethnobotanical knowledge about these medicinal plants in the Sinai Peninsula region with 61,000 km (2) and 379,000 inhabitants. METHODOLOGY Field work was concluded between March 2006 and May 2011, using semi-structured questionnaire with 700 informants (mean age: 59; 100% men) from 117 settlements of 17 Bedouin tribes. Transects walks in wild herbal plant collection areas and bibliographical review on the collected plants were also conducted. The Interview/ Inhabitant index (I/P), relative importance value of the species and informant consensus factor (FIC) were calculated. RESULTS More than 300 species were traditionally used in folk medicine in the Sinai Peninsula; 101 of these species belonging to 40 families were reported as useful in different CNS disorders. Only 5 species are endemic of the studied area. All different part plants were used, leaves and aerial parts being the most frequent. Most of the remedies were prepared as infusion or decoction, while oral administration was the most common way to be used. Gastrointestinal (67.3%) and respiratory disorders (42.57%) were also reported as frequently treated by Bedouins with herbal remedies. CONCLUSIONS Only a few species were found where the traditional use is supported by pharmacological studies (Acacia nilotica, Achillea fragrantissima, Ajuga iva or Mentha longifolia). No bibliographical references in the scientific literature were found for 22 species (21.78%); finally, several studies were published with different pharmacological activities than those provided by Bedouins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A F Eissa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - O M Palomino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M E Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Afifi FU, Kasabri V. Pharmacological and phytochemical appraisal of selected medicinal plants from jordan with claimed antidiabetic activities. Sci Pharm 2013; 81:889-932. [PMID: 24482764 PMCID: PMC3867248 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1212-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant species have long been regarded as possessing the principal ingredients used in widely disseminated ethnomedical practices. Different surveys showed that medicinal plant species used by the inhabitants of Jordan for the traditional treatment of diabetes are inadequately screened for their therapeutic/preventive potential and phytochemical findings. In this review, traditional herbal medicine pursued indigenously with its methods of preparation and its active constituents are listed. Studies of random screening for selective antidiabetic bioactivity and plausible mechanisms of action of local species, domesticated greens, or wild plants are briefly discussed. Recommended future directives incurring the design and conduct of comprehensive trials are pointed out to validate the usefulness of these active plants or bioactive secondary metabolites either alone or in combination with existing conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma U. Afifi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Violet Kasabri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
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Ramirez B, Bickle Q, Yousif F, Fakorede F, Mouries MA, Nwaka S. Schistosomes: challenges in compound screening. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 2:S53-61. [PMID: 23489033 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.s1.s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Major progress in studying the biology of schistosomes had been achieved since the late 1960s with the successful laboratory cultivation of the parasite's life cycle stages in the vertebrate (in vivo animal models) and snail hosts. This was followed by establishment of in vitro culture techniques for cultivation of the different life cycle stages to understand the mechanisms regulating the parasite's growth, development, transformation, pathogenicity and survival, with prospects to develop and identify relevant candidate diagnostic, immunological and chemotherapeutic targets. Chemotherapeutic measures have been the mainstay in the control of schistosomiasis. The use of praziquantel, a relatively safe and orally administered drug, in targeted or mass treatment programmes had significantly reduced the prevalence of schistosomiasis in disease-endemic countries. However, with only one drug of choice for treatment, parasite resistance remains a major concern. Thus, new drug discovery against schistosomes cannot be overemphasised. Undoubtedly, this will require an integrated system that includes not only rational chemical synthesis and lead optimisation, but also appropriate drug screening strategies. This paper reviews the present state of in vitro and in vivo drug screening strategies against schistosomes. It also highlights the best practices for compound screening in the TDR-designated compound screening centres and details some of the challenges involved in in vitro and in vivo compound screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Ramirez
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 20, Avenue Appia - 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland +41 22 791 1060 ; +41 22 791 4825 ;
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Natural products as a source for treating neglected parasitic diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:3395-439. [PMID: 23389040 PMCID: PMC3588050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by parasites are a major threat for the entire mankind, especially in the tropics. More than 1 billion people world-wide are directly exposed to tropical parasites such as the causative agents of trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, which represent a major health problem, particularly in impecunious areas. Unlike most antibiotics, there is no "general" antiparasitic drug available. Here, the selection of antiparasitic drugs varies between different organisms. Some of the currently available drugs are chemically de novo synthesized, however, the majority of drugs are derived from natural sources such as plants which have subsequently been chemically modified to warrant higher potency against these human pathogens. In this review article we will provide an overview of the current status of plant derived pharmaceuticals and their chemical modifications to target parasite-specific peculiarities in order to interfere with their proliferation in the human host.
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Abdel-Kader MS, Alqasoumi SI, Al-Taweel AM. Hepatoprotective Constituents from Cleome droserifolia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:620-4. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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