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Vasconcelos MPA, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Peres L, de Sousa PSF, Castro-Alves J, Albuquerque HG, Mendes-Correa MC, Maia-Herzog M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM, Oliveira-Ferreira J. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D and associated factors in the semi-isolated Yanomami Amazonian indigenous community. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38166687 PMCID: PMC10762995 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a significant health concern among indigenous population in the Americas. In Brazil, reports find high endemicity of HBV and HDV infections has been reported in several indigenous groups. However, few studies have documented the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV in the Yanomami. In this study, the prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D serological markers and potential risk factors were investigated to provide guidance for the development of strategies aimed at reducing viral transmission in the Yanomami indigenous villages. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2015 and included 430 individuals from four Yanomami villages: Alapusi (n = 78), Castanha/Ahima (n = 126), Gasolina (n = 105), and Taibrapa (n = 121). A rapid test was used for detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV and chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HDV antibodies. RESULTS HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs were detected in 8.8, 45.5, and 49.4% of the participants, respectively. The estimated HBV status: current infection 9.6% (38/395); resolved infection 43.3% (171/395); vaccine immunity 20.5% (81/395), and susceptible to HBV 26.6% (105/395). Gasolina presented the lowest prevalence of HBV infection (6.5%) and the highest prevalence of vaccine immunity (26.9%). Children < 15 years old were highly susceptible to infection, as 53.1% did not have antibodies to HBV, while more than 80% of individuals over 45 years of age had been exposed to HBV. The markers for HDV were founded among 12.5% (4/32) of the HBsAg carriers. Anti-HCV was identified in all villages, with the highest prevalence in Alapusi (5.1%). Possible risk factors such as the use of piercings, tattoos, and contact with prospectors showed no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Viral hepatitis B and serological markers for HCV and HDV were found to be widely distributed among the Yanomami indigenous community, while the prevalence of vaccine immunity to HBV was low. This finding reinforces the importance of promoting systematized diagnostic and vaccination strategies in indigenous communities. Our data confirm that isolated and difficult-to-reach indigenous communities lack appropriate access to diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinheiro Alves Vasconcelos
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia - CEMETRON, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Peres
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Castro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilza Maia-Herzog
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Simulídeos, Oncocercose e Mansonelose, Coleção de Simulídeos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Montoya-Guzman M, Martinez J, Castro-Arroyave D, Rojas C, Navas MC. Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Indigenous Communities in Colombia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1739. [PMID: 37512911 PMCID: PMC10386745 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the universal vaccination program, there are still regions and territories with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection (HBV), such as the Amazon basin, where several indigenous communities live. Additionally, Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is a defective that requires the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for the assembly and release of de novo viral particles. Therefore, hepatitis D could be the result of HBV/HDV coinfection or HDV superinfection in individuals with chronic hepatitis B. Among the high prevalence HDV populations are indigenous communities of America. This study aims to describe and characterize the frequency of HBV and HDV infection, viral genotypes and HBV immune escape mutants in indigenous populations from different regions of Colombia. The diagnosis of hepatitis B and hepatitis D was confirmed by serological markers. Moreover, the HBV and HDV genome were amplified by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively, and, subsequently, the phylogenetic analysis was performed. We characterized 47 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 1 case of reactivation and 2 cases of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). Furthermore, a high prevalence of HDV infection was identified in the study population (29.33%, 22/75) and the circulation of several HBV genotypes and subgenotypes (F1b, F3, F4, and D). Interestingly, this is the first report of the HDV genotype I circulation in this country. These findings demonstrated that HBV and HDV infections are still public health problems in indigenous communities in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Montoya-Guzman
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jaime Martinez
- Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Diana Castro-Arroyave
- Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano (GEPIDH), Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Carlos Rojas
- Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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Castro-Arroyave DM, Martínez-Gallego JA, Montoya-Guzmán M, Silva G, Rojas Arbeláez CA. [Hepatitis B in indigenous people in Latin America: a literature reviewHepatite B em indígenas na América Latina: revisão da literatura]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e22. [PMID: 35350451 PMCID: PMC8942283 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Identificar publicaciones realizadas entre los años 2000 y 2020 sobre hepatitis B en indígenas de América Latina, con el fin de conocer avances y vacíos en el tema durante los últimos 20 años. Métodos. Revisión exploratoria y síntesis rápida de la evidencia. El proceso de organización documental se realizó con los programas Excel® y Rayyan®. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 30 de 107 artículos encontrados, 17 corresponden a estudios epidemiológicos, 10 a revisiones documentales, dos estudios clínicos y una carta al editor. Brasil fue el país con más publicaciones (50%), la mayoría con enfoque epidemiológico. La temática más abordada fue la medición de prevalencia de la infección por hepatitis B con 22 publicaciones, le siguieron 11 estudios que informan resultados de estudios moleculares del virus, siete estudios sobre vacunación, cinco estudios sobre factores de riesgo y cuatro publicaciones con temas como la transmisión vertical y estudios sociales. Conclusión. En comparación con revisiones previas realizadas por otros autores, se observa una mayor diversidad en los temas y métodos de investigación utilizados; sin embargo, aún prevalecen los enfoques epidemiológicos convencionales centrados en la medición de la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos. Esto hace necesario encarar otro tipo de investigaciones centradas en los determinantes socioculturales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana María Castro-Arroyave
- Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano Facultad de Educación Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jaime Alberto Martínez-Gallego
- Grupo Epidemiología Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Melissa Montoya-Guzmán
- Grupo Gastrohepatología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Silva
- Empresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel Guaviare Colombia Empresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel, Guaviare, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Rojas Arbeláez
- Grupo Epidemiología Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
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Silva RJS, do Nascimento RS, Oliveira-Neto JAJ, Silva FQ, Piauiense JNF, Gomes CM, Pinheiro LML, Resque RL, Pinho JRR, Kupek E, Fischer B, Machado LFA, Martins LC, Lemos JAR, Oliveira-Filho AB. Detection and Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis B and D Viruses: A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Study of People Who Use Illicit Drugs in the Amazon Region. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071380. [PMID: 34372586 PMCID: PMC8310228 DOI: 10.3390/v13071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HBV) and delta (HDV) viruses are endemic in the Amazon region, but vaccine coverage against HBV is still limited. People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) represent a high-risk group due to common risk behavior and socioeconomic factors that facilitate the acquisition and transmission of pathogens. The present study assessed the presence of HBV and HBV-HDV co-infection, identified viral sub-genotypes, and verified the occurrence of mutations in coding regions for HBsAg and part of the polymerase in HBV-infected PWUDs in municipalities of the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará, in the Amazon region. In total, 1074 PWUDs provided blood samples and personal data in 30 municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon. HBV and HDV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. Viral genotypes were identified by nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis, whereas viral mutations were analyzed by specialized software. High rates of serological (32.2%) and molecular (7.2%) markers for HBV were detected, including cases of occult HBV infection (2.5%). Sub-genotypes A1, A2, D4, and F2a were most frequently found. Escape mutations due to vaccine and antiviral resistance were identified. Among PWUDs with HBV DNA, serological (19.5%) and molecular (11.7%) HDV markers were detected, such as HDV genotypes 1 and 3. These are worrying findings, presenting clear implications for urgent prevention and treatment needs for the carriers of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronylson José S. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Raquel Silva do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
| | - José Augusto J. Oliveira-Neto
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.J.O.-N.); (F.Q.S.)
| | - Fabricio Quaresma Silva
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.J.O.-N.); (F.Q.S.)
| | - Juliana Nádia F. Piauiense
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (J.N.F.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Camila Moraes Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Luiz Marcelo L. Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Campus do Marajó, Universidade Federal do Pará, Soure 68870-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Lima Resque
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil;
| | - João Renato R. Pinho
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Emil Kupek
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada;
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando A. Machado
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (L.F.A.M.); (J.A.R.L.)
| | - Luísa Caricio Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (J.N.F.P.); (L.C.M.)
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre R. Lemos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (L.F.A.M.); (J.A.R.L.)
| | - Aldemir B. Oliveira-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (R.J.S.S.); (R.S.d.N.); (C.M.G.)
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (J.A.J.O.-N.); (F.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3425-1209
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Villar LM, Milagres FAP, Lampe E, Cruz HM, Scalioni LDP, Magalhães MDAFM, Romão AR, Gracie R, de Paula VS. Determination of hepatitis B, C and D prevalence among urban and Amerindian populations from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:411. [PMID: 30126364 PMCID: PMC6102873 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HDV in urban populations and Amerindians living in the state of Tocantins (Eastern Amazon). Methods A total of 948 individuals were recruited in Tocantinopolis city (Tocantins state) of whom 603 were Amerindians (from 6 tribes) and 345 were non-Amerindians (6 urban areas of Tocantinópolis city). Anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBe, HBeAg, and anti-delta antibodies were determined using enzyme immunoassay. Results HBV cleared infection (both anti-HBc/anti-HBs+), chronic inactive/immune controlled HBV infection (anti-HBc + only), previous HBV vaccination (anti-HBs + only), active HBV infection (HBsAg+), individuals susceptible to HBV, and anti-HCV reactivity were found in 12.9, 1.8, 27.2, 0.5, 57.7, 1.2% in Amerindians and 12.1, 2.0, 37.1, 0.3, 55.4, 0.3% in non-Amerindians respectively. Out of 139 anti-HBc reactive individuals, 70 were anti-HBe reactive and none presented HBeAg or anti-HBc IgM. Anti-HBc prevalence was associated to older age (p < 0.0001). Overall anti-Delta prevalence was 0.3% and regarding anti-HBc reactive individuals, anti-delta prevalence was 3.4 and 0% in Amerindians and non-Amerindians respectively. Conclusions Overall low prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was found in the populations studied, but high HBV and HCV prevalence was observed in Amerindians compared to non-Amerindians suggesting that these individuals have a higher likelihood of acquiring to these infections. Anti-delta antibodies were found among Amerindians from Eastern Amazon suggesting a risk for this population. Of note is that nearly half of Amerindians had no anti-HBs, indicating a need for HBV vaccination campaigns in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion - Ground Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos -, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | | | - Anselmo Rocha Romão
- Laboratory of Information in Health, Institute of Communication and technological and scientific information in Health (ICICT), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Gracie
- Laboratory of Information in Health, Institute of Communication and technological and scientific information in Health (ICICT), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira MSD, Valle SDCND, Souza RMD, Silva RPM, Figueiredo END, Taminato M, Fram D. Evidências científicas sobre a hepatite Delta no Brasil: revisão integrativa da literatura. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201700091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o nível de evidência científica sobre a infecção por vírus da hepatite Delta (VHD) no Brasil. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas realizadas nas bases de dados do Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Scopus, com análise centrada no nivelamento do rigor metodológico de acordo com o modelo de Melnyk e Fineout-Overholt. Resultados: A busca revelou uma média de duas publicações por ano no intervalo entre 1987 e 2017. Foram selecionados 33 artigos, tendo a maioria (91%) apresentado nível de evidência VI. As publicações ficaram concentradas em periódicos da área de medicina tropical (46%) e virologia (15%). Dos trabalhos, 85% tinha profissional médico com autor e o delineamento mais encontrado foi o descritivo/transversal (69,6%). Conclusão: A produção científica sobre a infecção por VHD no Brasil está centrada em estudos de prevalência, mostrando-se incipiente quanto à produção de estudos com delineamentos mais rígidos como ensaios clínicos.
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Abstract
There are an estimated 400 million chronic carriers of HBV worldwide; between 15 and 20 million have serological evidence of exposure to HDV. Traditionally, regions with high rates of endemicity are central and northern Africa, the Amazon Basin, eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, the Middle East and parts of Asia. There are two types of HDV/HBV infection which are differentiated by the previous status infection by HBV for the individual. Individuals with acute HBV infection contaminated by HDV is an HDV/HBV co-infection, while individuals with chronic HBV infection contaminated by HDV represent an HDV/HBV super-infection. The appropriate treatment for chronic hepatitis delta is still widely discussed since it does not have an effective drug. Alpha interferon is currently the only licensed therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis D. The most widely used drug is pegylated interferon but only approximately 25% of patients maintain a sustained viral response after 1 year of treatment. The best marker of therapeutic success would be the clearance of HBsAg, but this data is rare in clinical practice. Therefore, the best way to predict a sustained virologic response is the maintenance of undetectable HDV RNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Felipo Botelho-Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil.
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil.
| | | | - Alcione de Oliveira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil
| | - Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil
| | - Deusilene Souza Vieira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular - FIOCRUZ - RONDÔNIA, Rua da Beira, 7671 - BR 364, Km 3,5 Bairro Lagoa, CEP: 76812, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia e Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Avenida Guaporé, 215, anexo Hospital CEMETRON, Agenor M de Carvalho, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental - PGBioExp, Rodovia Br-364, KM 9, CAMPUS UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, CEP: 76801-974, Brazil
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Pinho JRR, de Mello Malta F, Gomes-gouvêa MS. Hepatitis B, C, and Delta—Updates in Screening and Infection Prevention Opportunities for Eradication. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 2017; 9:18-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-017-0105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Godoy BA, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Zagonel-Oliveira M, Alvarado-Mora MV, Salzano FM, Pinho JRR, Fagundes NJR. High prevalence of HBV/A1 subgenotype in native south Americans may be explained by recent economic developments in the Amazon. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 43:354-63. [PMID: 27267305 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Native American populations present the highest prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the Americas, which may be associated to severe disease outcomes. Ten HBV genotypes (A–J) have been described, displaying a remarkable geographic structure, which most likely reflects historic patterns of human migrations. In this study, we characterize the HBV strains circulating in a historical sample of Native South Americans to characterize the historical viral dynamics in this population. The sample consisted of 1070 individuals belonging to 38 populations collected between 1965 and 1997. Presence of HBV DNA was checked by quantitative real-time PCR, and determination of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes was performed through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment including part of HBsAg and Pol coding regions (S/Pol). A Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis was performed to compare the viral population dynamics of HBV/A1 strains found in Native Americans and in the general Brazilian population. A total of 109 individuals were positive for HBV DNA (~ 10%), and 70 samples were successfully sequenced and genotyped. Subgenotype A1 (HBV/A1), related to African populations and the African slave trade, was the most prevalent (66–94%). The Skyline Plot analysis showed a marked population expansion of HBV/A1 in Native Americans occurring more recently (1945–1965) than in the general Brazilian population. Our results suggest that historic processes that contributed to formation of HBV/A1 circulating in Native American are related with more recent migratory waves towards the Amazon basin, which generated a different viral dynamics in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiane A Godoy
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zagonel-Oliveira
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; VIZLab - Advanced Visualization Laboratory, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João R R Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson J R Fagundes
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Dias ALB, Oliveira CMDC, Castilho MDC, Silva MDSPD, Braga WSM. Molecular characterization of the hepatitis B virus in autochthonous and endogenous populations in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:9-12. [PMID: 22370821 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B virus is classified into eight genotypes, varying from A to H, with distinct geographical distributions. In Brazil, the most frequent genotypes are A, D, and F. METHODS This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotypes in cases of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infections in an endemic area in the Western Brazilian Amazon. We analyzed 86 serum samples reactive for HBsAg from indigenous and non-indigenous populations obtained from previous serological surveys. RESULTS Of the 86 reactive serum samples, 39 were found to be HBV-DNA-positive by semi-nested PCR. The genotypes were established by sequencing the amplified S gene region. We obtained 20 sequences classified into three genotypes: A, D, and F. Genotype A was the most frequent (60%), followed by D (35%) and F (5%). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of the HBV genotypes reflected the pattern of historical occupation of the region.
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Alvarado-Mora MV, Romano CM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Gutierrez MF, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JR. Dynamics of hepatitis D (delta) virus genotype 3 in the Amazon region of South America. Infect Genet Evol 2011; 11:1462-8. [PMID: 21645647 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is widely distributed and associated with fulminant hepatitis epidemics in areas with high prevalence of HBV. Several studies performed in the 1980s showed data on HDV infection in South America, but there are no studies on the viral dynamics of this virus. The aim of this study was to conduct an evolutionary analysis of hepatitis delta genotype 3 (HDV/3) prevalent in South America: estimate its nucleotide substitution rate, determine the time of most recent ancestor (TMRCA) and characterize the epidemic history and evolutionary dynamics. Furthermore, we characterized the presence of HBV/HDV infection in seven samples collected from patients who died due to fulminant hepatitis from Amazon region in Colombia and included them in the evolutionary analysis. This is the first study reporting HBV and HDV sequences from the Amazon region of Colombia. Of the seven Colombian patients, five were positive for HBV-DNA and HDV-RNA. Of them, two samples were successfully sequenced for HBV (subgenotypes F3 and F1b) and the five samples HDV positive were classified as HDV/3. By using all HDV/3 available reference sequences with sampling dates (n=36), we estimated the HDV/3 substitution rate in 1.07 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year (s/s/y), which resulted in a time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of 85 years. Also, it was determined that HDV/3 spread exponentially from early 1950s to the 1970s in South America. This work discusses for the first time the viral dynamics for the HDV/3 circulating in South America. We suggest that the measures implemented to control HBV transmission resulted in the control of HDV/3 spreading in South America, especially after the important raise in this infection associated with a huge mortality during the 1950s up to the 1970s. The differences found among HDV/3 and the other HDV genotypes concerning its diversity raises the hypothesis of a different origin and/or a different transmission route.
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Braga WSM, da Costa Castilho M, dos Santos ICV, Moura MAS, Segurado AC. Low prevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis C virus among patients with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Brazilian Amazon basin. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2007; 39:519-22. [PMID: 17308694 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822006000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbidities in human immunodeficiency virus infection are of great interest due to their association with unfavorable outcomes and failure of antiretroviral therapy. This study evaluated the prevalence of coinfection by human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in an endemic area for hepatitis B in the Western Amazon basin. Serological markers for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis D virus were tested in a consecutive sample of all patients referred for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The variables sex, age, origin and exposure category were obtained from medical records and from the sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance database. Among 704 subjects, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B carriage was 6.4% and past infection 40.2%. The presence of hepatitis B was associated with birth in hyperendemic areas of the Amazon basin, male sex and illegal drug use. The overall prevalence of hepatitis C was 5% and was associated with illegal drug use. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in the Western Amazon basin was lower than seen elsewhere and is probably associated with the local epidemiology of these viruses and the degree of overlap of their shared risk factors. An opportunity presents itself to evaluate the prevention of hepatitis C through harm reduction policies and hepatitis B through vaccination programs among human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a significant health concern in Latin America, where around 11 million persons are infected. Amerindian populations exhibit the highest prevalences of infection in the region. HBV exhibits a degree of variability intermediate between DNA and RNA viruses. This plasticity leads to the generation of several mutants and genotypic variability. Eight HBV genotypes (A-H) have been described, based on a minimum divergence of 8% of the complete genome sequences. HBV genotype F is the most divergent of the HBV genotypes, is autochthonous to South America and is highly predominant in the Northern region of South America. The recently described HBV genotype H is closely related to genotype F and seems to be restricted to Central and North America. Recombination among different HBV strains seems to be frequent, although it has not been described yet between American genotypes. Inside HBV genotype F, four subgenotypes have been described, which exhibit a geographic pattern of distribution. The clinical and biologic importance of the genotypic diversity of HBV is of major concern at the present moment and has been studied in Asia and Europe. In contrast, it is not known whether infection with the American HBV genotypes F and H is associated with a rapid or slow development of disease. The origin of HBV is still an open question. Depending on the model used for the phylogenetic analysis, an Asian or an American origin of HBV has been proposed. By revisiting the genotypic diversity of HBV, an alternative explanation is that human HBV genotypes might have emerged by several zoonotic introductions, both in the Old and the New World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Devesa
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Apdo 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
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