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Sgarioni SA, Hirata RDC, Hirata MH, Leite CQF, de Prince KA, de Andrade Leite SR, Filho DV, Siqueira VLD, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Cardoso RF. Occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in raw and pasteurized milk in the northwestern region of Paraná, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:707-11. [PMID: 25242962 PMCID: PMC4166303 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is widely consumed in Brazil and can be the vehicle of agent transmission. In this study, was evaluated the occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in raw and pasteurized milk consumed in the northwestern region of Paraná, Brazil. Fifty-two milk samples (20 pasteurized and 32 raw) from dairy farms near the municipality of Maringa, Parana State, Brazil were collected. Milk samples were decontaminated using 5% oxalic acid method and cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen and Stonebrink media at 35 °C and 30 °C, with and without 5–10% CO2. Mycobacteria isolates were identified by morphological features, PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis (PCR-PRA) and Mycolic acids analysis. Thirteen (25%) raw and 2 (4%) pasteurized milk samples were positive for acid fast bacilli growth. Nine different species of NTM were isolated (M. nonchromogenicum, M. peregrinum, M. smegmatis, M. neoaurum, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. flavescens, M. kansasii and M. scrofulaceum). M. bovis was not detected. Raw and pasteurized milk may be considered one source for NTM human infection. The paper reinforces the need for intensification of measures in order to avoid the milk contamination and consequently prevent diseases in the south of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sônia Aparecida Sgarioni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina Universidade Estadual de Maringá MaringáPR Brazil Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarice Queico Fujimura Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêutica da Universidade Estadual Paulista AraraquaraSP Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêutica da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Andrade de Prince
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêutica da Universidade Estadual Paulista AraraquaraSP Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêutica da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Roberto de Andrade Leite
- Instituto de Química da Universidade Estadual Paulista AraraquaraSP Brazil Instituto de Química da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Vedovello Filho
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná MaringáPR Brazil Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina Universidade Estadual de Maringá MaringáPR Brazil Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina Universidade Estadual de Maringá MaringáPR Brazil Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina Universidade Estadual de Maringá MaringáPR Brazil Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens in lymph nodes of slaughtered swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa). Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:185-8. [PMID: 20621319 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens were investigated in 258 swine lymph nodes (129 with and 129 without apparent lesions), and 120 lymph nodes (60 with and 60 without lesions) from wild boars (Sus scrofa). A total of lymph nodes from swine and wild boars were collected of different animals. Submaxillar and mesenteric lymph nodes were submitted to microbiological examination and colonies suggestive of Mycobacterium spp. (alcohol-acid bacilli) were submitted to PCR Restriction Assay (PRA). In swine with lymphadenitis, Mycobacterium spp. (24.1%) and Rhodococcus equi (13.2%) were the most prevalent microorganisms, while in lymph nodes without lesions were identified a complex of microorganisms, including of environmental mycobacteria. In wild boars with lymphadenitis, ß-haemolytic Streptococcus (10.0%), Mycobacterium spp (8.4%) and R. equi (6.6%) were the most frequent. Among mycobacterias were identified predominantly Mycobacterium avium subspecies type 1 (48.3%) and M. avium subspecies type 2 (16.1%), followed by Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium szulgai,Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum and Mycobacterium intracellulare type 2.
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Richter E, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Hillemann D. Evaluation of the GenoType Mycobacterium Assay for identification of mycobacterial species from cultures. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1769-75. [PMID: 16672405 PMCID: PMC1479216 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.5.1769-1775.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new commercially available DNA strip assay (GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS; Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany) was evaluated for the ability to differentiate mycobacterial species. The test is based on a PCR technique targeting a 23S rRNA gene region, followed by reverse hybridization and line probe technology. The GenoType CM is capable of identifying 23, the GenoType AS a further 14, species either alone or in combination with one or more species. Both tests were evaluated with 156 mycobacterial strains composed of 61 validly published species including different subspecies, 6 not validly published species, and 3 strains other than mycobacterial species. All strains were precharacterized by sequencing of the 5' region of the 16S rRNA gene and biochemical tests. In total, results for 151 strains were interpretable. Concordant results were obtained for 137 (92.6%) of 148 mycobacterial strains with the CM assay and 133 (89.9%) of 148 mycobacterial strains with the AS assay, and all three non-Mycobacterium species were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Richter
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Parkallee 18, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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Leite CQF, da Silva Rocha A, de Andrade Leite SR, Ferreira RMC, Suffys PN, de Souza Fonseca L, Saad MHF. A comparison of mycolic acid analysis for nontuberculous mycobacteria identification by thin-layer chromatography and molecular methods. Microbiol Immunol 2005; 49:571-8. [PMID: 16034199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of fast, inexpensive, and reliable tests to identify nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is needed. Studies have indicated that the conventional identification procedures, including biochemical assays, are imprecise. This study evaluated a proposed alternative identification method in which 83 NTM isolates, previously identified by conventional biochemical testing and in-house M. avium IS1245-PCR amplification, were submitted to the following tests: thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of mycolic acids and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65(PRA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mycolic acids and Southern blot analysis for M. avium IS1245 were performed on the strains that evidenced discrepancies on either of the above tests. Sixty-eight out of 83 (82%) isolates were concordantly identified by the presence of IS1245 and PRA and by TLC mycolic acid analysis. Discrepant results were found between the phenotypic and molecular tests in 12/83 (14.4%) isolates. Most of these strains were isolated from non-sterile body sites and were most probably colonizing in the host tissue. While TLC patterns suggested the presence of polymycobacterial infection in 3/83 (3.6%) cultures, this was the case in only one HPLC-tested culture and in none of those tested by PRA. The results of this study indicated that, as a phenotypic identification procedure, TLC mycolic acid determination could be considered a relatively simple and cost-effective method for routine screening of NTM isolates in mycobacteriology laboratory practice with a potential for use in developing countries. Further positive evidence was that this method demonstrated general agreement on MAC and M. simiae identification, including in the mixed cultures that predominated in the isolates of the disseminated infections in the AIDS patients under study. In view of the fact that the same treatment regimen is recommended for infections caused by these two species, TLC mycolic acid analysis may be a useful identification tool wherever molecular methods are unaffordable.
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Leite CQF, Anno IS, Leite SRDA, Roxo E, Morlock GP, Cooksey RC. Isolation and identification of mycobacteria from livestock specimens and milk obtained in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:319-23. [PMID: 12886409 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species in livestock specimens and milk was evaluated. An emphasis was placed upon the distribution of these organisms in milk that is readily available to the public that was either untreated, pasteurized, or treated using ultra high temperature. Twenty-two pathologic specimens from livestock (bovine, swine and bubaline) in five Brazilian states and 128 bovine milk samples from retail markets in the State of S o Paulo were examined for mycobacteria. Identification was made by classical biochemical tests, thin layer chromatography of mycolic acids and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Mycobacteria were isolated from 15 (68.2%) caseous lesions and from 23 (18%) milk samples. Eleven isolates were identified as M. bovis, and the remaining 27 nontuberculous mycobacterial isolates were represented by five species and six unidentified rapidly growing mycobacterial strains. The data demonstrate that animal products in Brazil are frequent reservoirs of mycobacteria and may pose a risk to the public.
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Ferreira RMC, Saad MHF, Silva MGD, Fonseca LDS. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria I: one year clinical isolates identification in Tertiary Hospital Aids Reference Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in pre highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:725-9. [PMID: 12219142 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates at University Hospital, Reference Center for Aids in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during one year. We used standard biochemical tests for species identification and IS1245 PCR amplification was applied as a Mycobacterium avium specific identification marker. Four hundred and four specimens from 233 patients yielded acid-fast bacilli growth. M. tuberculosis was identified in 85% of the patients and NTM in 15%. NTM disseminated infection was a common event correlated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and only in HIV negative patients the source of NTM was non sterile site. M. avium complex (MAC) was biochemically identified in 57.8% (49/83) of NTM isolates, most of them from sterile sites (75.5%), and in 94% (46/49) the IS 1245 marker specific for M. avium was present. Twenty NTM strains showed a MAC biochemical pattern with the exception of a urease-positive (99% of MAC are urease-negative), however IS1245 was detected in 96% of the strains leading to their identification as M. avium. In this group differences in NTM source was not significant. The second most frequently isolated NTM was identified as M. scrofulaceum (7.2%), followed by M. terrae (3.6%), M. gordonae (2.4%), M. chelonae (1.2%), M. fortuitum (1.2%) and one strain which could not be identified. All were IS1245 negative except for one strain identified as M. scrofulaceum. It is interesting to note that non-sterile sites were the major source of these isolates (92.8%). Our finding indicated that M. avium is still the major atypical species among in the MAC isolates recovered from Brazilian Aids patients without highty active antiretroviral therapy schema. Some discrepancies were seen between the identification methods and further investigations must be done to better characterize NTM isolates using other phenotypic and genotypic methods.
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Oliveira RS, Sircili MP, Ueki SY, Telles MA, Schnabel B, Briones MR, Leão SC. PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of a bone marrow isolate from a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient discloses polyclonal infection with two Mycobacterium avium strains. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:4643-5. [PMID: 11101612 PMCID: PMC87653 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.12.4643-4645.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyclonal infection by Mycobacterium avium was detected by hsp65 PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) in a bone marrow isolate from an AIDS patient. Two M. avium strains, differing in colony morphology, PRA HaeIII digestion pattern, insertion element (IS) 1245 amplification, and restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprints with IS1245 and IS1311 probes, were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lourenço MC, Grinsztejn B, Fandinho-Montes FC, da Silva MG, Saad MH, Fonseca LS. Genotypic patterns of multiple isolates of M. tuberculosis from tuberculous HIV patients. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5:488-94. [PMID: 10964271 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the recurrence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients is due to an exogenous reinfection or relapses after antituberculosis chemotherapy. We reviewed clinical information on 32 patients at a Rio de Janeiro hospital from whom multiple Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were taken. All isolates were analysed by DRE-PCR fingerprinting technique, and those with identical DRE-PCR patterns were analysed by the RFLP method. Twenty patients had M. tuberculosis simultaneously isolated from different organs. These patients and nine others with sequential positive cultures after 2 months of therapy showed stable DRE-PCR and RFLP patterns. One patient's isolate became resistant to isoniazid, but the molecular pattern remained unchanged despite the development of drug resistance. In three patients, the DRE-PCR patterns of the isolates changed dramatically. Clinical and microbiological evidence was consistent with active tuberculosis caused by a new strain of M. tuberculosis. The exogenous reinfection of the three patients was not due to an outbreak, but the isolates from each patient showed unique patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lourenço
- Hospital Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Leite CQ, de Souza CW, Leite SR. Identification of mycobacteria by thin layer chromatographic analysis of mycolic acids and conventional biochemical method: four years of experience. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1998; 93:801-5. [PMID: 9921306 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761998000600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolic acids analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has been employed by several laboratories worldwide as a method for fast identification of mycobacteria. This method was introduced in Brazil by our laboratory in 1992 as a routine identification technique. Up to the present, 861 strains isolated were identified by mycolic acids TLC and by standard biochemical tests; 61% out of these strains came as clinical samples, 4% isolated from frogs and 35% as environmental samples. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains identified by classical methods were confirmed by their mycolic acids contents (I, III and IV). The method allowed earlier differentiation of M. avium complex-MAC (mycolic acids I, IV and VI) from M. simiae (acids I, II and IV), both with similar biochemical properties. The method also permitted to distinguish M. fortuitum (acids I and V) from M. chelonae (acids I and II), and to detect mixed mycobacterial infections cases as M. tuberculosis with MAC and M. fortuitum with MAC. Concluding, four years experience shows that mycolic acids TLC is an easy, reliable, fast and inexpensive method, an important tool to put together conventional mycobacteria identification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.
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