[Morbidity among job applicants in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil]

[National Health Survey in Brazil: design and methodology of application]

The National Health Survey is a household-based nationwide survey carried out by the Ministry of Health in partnership with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The scope of the survey is to establish the health status and lifestyles of the population - as well as how they look after their health - with regard to access and use of services, preventive actions, continuity of care, and health care financing. The sample size is 80,000 households and enables the calculation of some indicators at different geographic levels, namely states, capitals, metropolitan and rural areas. The questionnaire is divided into three parts. The first two are answered by one resident and include questions on the household characteristics and on the social and economic level and health status of all inhabitants. The individual questionnaire is answered by an adult (aged 18 years or more), selected with equal probability among the adult residents, and focuses on morbidity and lifestyle. For this individual, measurements of weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure are taken, as well as laboratory exams to characterize the lipid profile and blood glucose level, as well as determine the urine sodium content. The laboratory exams are taken in a subsample of 25% of the census sectors selected.

[Inequalities in health services access and use among formal, informal, and unemployed workers, based on data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey, 2008]

The aim of this study was to analyze whether job market status is associated with differences in health services access and use. Data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/2008) were used to study workers 18 to 64 years of age, both men and women (N = 152,233). Prevalence and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios for the worker's health characteristics were calculated using Poisson regression. When compared to formal workers (n = 76,246), informal workers (n = 62,612) and unemployed (n = 13,375) showed less schooling, lower monthly income, worse self-reported health status, more frequent reporting of have been "bedridden in the previous two weeks", greater difficulty in accessing health services, and lower health services seeking, even after controlling for sex, age bracket, region, schooling, and respondent. Health policies are needed to reduce inequalities in access to health services by informal workers and the unemployed.

Anemia em catadores de material reciclável que utilizam carrinho de propulsão humana no município de Santos

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de anemia e analisar os fatores de risco a ela associados nos catadores de material reciclável que utilizam carrinho de propulsão humana do município de Santos - São Paulo. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 253 catadores foi realizado em julho de 2005. A coleta de informações foi feita por meio de questionário com informações sobre características individuais, ocupacionais e dietéticas. Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica e coletado sangue venoso para hemograma completo e sorologias de HIV, HCV, HBV e sífilis. A análise estatística foi feita por análise uni e multivariada (regressão logística), relacionando a anemia aos fatores de risco. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anemia foi de 38,3%. As variáveis que mostraram associação independente com anemia no modelo multivariado foram: sexo (OR 4,11; IC95%: 1,56-10,87), infecção pelo HIV (OR 9,23; IC95%: 2,93-29,1), IMC (OR 0,21; IC95%: 0,07-0,64), anos de trabalho como catador (OR 4,54; IC95%: 1,29-16,0), consumo de leite (OR 0,36; IC95%: 0,16-0,81) e de proteína animal (OR 0,39; IC95%: 0,15-0,97). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de anemia entre catadores de material reciclável é elevada mesmo após a obrigatoriedade de adição de ferro nas farinhas de trigo e milho. Os catadores são excluídos das ações de proteção à saúde do trabalhador, previstas na legislação. Ações de saúde dirigidas a essa categoria profissional devem ser implementadas, garantindo a acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde.

[Obesity and risk factors for the development of chronic non-transmissible diseases among consumers in a foodservice unit]

This study aimed to assess nutritional status and risk factors for chronic non-transmissible diseases in 1,252 factory employees in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The following variables were studied: nutritional status, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, age, and schooling. Overweight and obesity were observed in 45% and 10% of the sample, respectively, with a significant association between nutritional status and gender, but not between nutritional status and schooling, adjusted for age. The proportion of high waist circumference was 33%, with a significant difference between genders. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were present in 18% and 11% of the employees, respectively, with a significant association between genders after adjusting for age. Type II diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 2% of the sample and altered glucose levels in 4%. After adjusting for age, the only variables significantly associated with waist circumference were SBP and DPB. The results allowed the implementation of preventive and educational activities to improve employees' quality of life and productivity.

Saúde e trabalho na construção civil em uma área urbana do Brasil

Neste inquérito populacional conduzido em Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia, Brasil, analisa-se o perfil ocupacional e de saúde de trabalhadores da construção civil. Todos os 1.947 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 10 e 65 anos, identificados em uma amostra de conglomerados de superfície de estágio único, foram entrevistados individualmente. Dados de narrativas sobre acidentes de trabalho foram também analisados. Trabalhadores da construção eram mais velhos, mais comumente negros, de menor escolaridade e nível sócio-econômico, e maior proporção de contratos de trabalho informais do que os demais. A maioria (55,8%), referiu desejar um contrato formal de trabalho especialmente para dispor de aposentadoria remunerada. O hábito de fumar (razão de prevalência, RP = 1,37; 95% intervalo de confiança, IC95%:1,08-1,72) e os acidentes de trabalho não-fatais (risco relativo, RR = 1,72; IC95%: 1,49-7,42) foram mais freqüentes entre os trabalhadores na construção civil. Com base nas narrativas, identificou-se existir falta de informação e de acesso a equipamentos de proteção. Medidas de proteção e regulamentação do contrato de trabalho necessitam ser rapidamente implantadas para esses trabalhadores.

[Noise-induced hearing loss and high blood pressure among city bus drivers]

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss and arterial hypertension among city bus drivers.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was carried out on a probability random sample of 108 city bus drivers taken out of a total of 1,529 estimated professionals in the city of Campinas, Brazil, in 1991. Drivers were interviewed using questionnaires on job history, shift work and vacation schedules and underwent clinical and laboratory examinations including measures of blood pressure, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and anthropometric data analysis after an informed consent was obtained.

RESULTS

The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss was 32.7%. According to Merluzzi's classification, 91.2% (31 cases) were classified as first and second-degree losses and the most affected frequencies were 6 kHz in 61.3%, and 4 kHz in 38.7%. There were no differences in the laterality of the first affected ear. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 13.2% (PAD > or =90 mmHg; PAS > or =140 mmHg).

CONCLUSIONS

The risk of noise-induced hearing loss was greater for drivers in job for more than 6 years, after controlling for age-related hearing loss. An odds ratio of 19.25 was found for those aged 45 or more (1.59<OR<386.75; p<0.01).