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Santos TBD, Borges AKDM, Ferreira JD, Meira KC, Souza MCD, Guimarães RM, Jomar RT. Prevalência e fatores associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama em estágio avançado. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:471-482. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022272.36462020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo transversal investigou a prevalência e os fatores associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama em estágio avançado entre 18.890 mulheres assistidas em hospital especializado da capital do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre os anos 1999 e 2016. Utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para estimar razões de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Apresentaram maiores prevalências de diagnóstico nessa condição mulheres com idade entre 20-39 e 40-49 anos, de raça/cor da pele preta e parda, que viviam sem companheiro(a), procedentes de outros municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que tiveram o Sistema Único de Saúde como origem do encaminhamento e que foram diagnosticadas nos sexênios 1999-2004 e 2005-2010. Em contrapartida, mulheres com idade entre 60-69 e 70-99 anos, que cursaram algum nível de escolaridade, com histórico familiar de câncer e que chegaram ao hospital com diagnóstico e sem tratamento apresentaram menores prevalências de diagnóstico em estágio avançado. Esses resultados podem ser considerados no planejamento de ações de prevenção secundária, a fim de antecipar o diagnóstico de câncer de mama dos grupos mais vulneráveis e assim colaborar para a redução da prevalência do diagnóstico em estágio avançado.
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Dos Santos Andrade LS, De Melo Santos TT, Case de Oliveira ME, Lima Gomes KA, Araújo Pereira Soares AR, Almeida de Oliveira T, Weller M. Shorter delay to treatment by integrated diagnostic services and NGO-provided support among breast cancer patients in two Brazilian referral centres. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:1880. [PMID: 33709643 PMCID: PMC8314677 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of breast cancer requires a complicated series of diagnostic exams. The present study addressed the delay of patients who used publicly and privately financed diagnostic services. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) donated diagnostic mammograms and biopsies. DESIGN AND METHODS Data from 304 patients were obtained from two Brazilian referral centres. In one referral centre (FAP), diagnostic mammography, clinic-histopathological exam and immunohistochemistry were outsourced, whereas in the other centre (HNL), these services were integrated. Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis and non-parametric tests were used to compare variables and time intervals. RESULTS If diagnostic mammography was financed privately and covered by private health insurance, the likelihood of a delay of >90 days between the first medical visit and the initiation of treatment decreased 2.15-fold (95%CI: 1.06- 4.36; p=0.033) and 4.44-fold (95%CI: 1.58-12.46; p=0.004), respectively. If the clinic-histopathological exam was outsourced (FAP) and publicly or privately financed, the median time between diagnostic mammography and the diagnostic result was 53 and 65 days in the integrated (HNL) and outsourced public system, compared to 29 days in the outsourced private system (p<0.050). The median time between the first medical visit and the diagnostic results of patients who were supported by NGOs, who financed their diagnostic services privately, and who used exclusively public diagnostic services was, respectively, 28.0, 48.5 and 77.5 days (p<0.050). CONCLUSION Patients who used privately financed health services had shorter delays. Compared to outsourcing, the integration of the publicly financed clinic- histopathological exam diminished the delay. The support of patients by NGOs accelerated patient flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kedma Anne Lima Gomes
- Post Graduate Program in Public Health, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande-Paraíba.
| | | | | | - Mathias Weller
- Post Graduate Program in Public Health, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande-Paraíba.
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Santos TTDM, Andrade LSDS, de Oliveira MEC, Gomes KAL, de Oliveira TA, Weller M. Availability of Diagnostic Services and their Impact on Patient Flow in Two Brazilian Referral Centres of Breast Cancer Treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:317-324. [PMID: 32102505 PMCID: PMC7332143 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND System delay (SD) is a leading cause of advanced stage of disease and poor prognosis among Brazilian breast cancer patients. METHODS Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify variables that contributed to SD among 128 breast cancer patients. Time intervals between first medical consultation and treatment initiation were compared among patients of two referral centres: Patients of a referral centre with outsourced (FAP), respectively, integrated (HNL) diagnostic services. RESULTS Women who used a specialized private clinic at the beginning of patient flow had an 2.32 fold increased chance (95% CI: 1.17 - 4.60; p = 0.016) of hospital admission within 90 days after first medical consultation, compared to women who used a public health care provider (HCP). Of 73 and 34 patients of the FAP hospital and the HNL, respectively, 10 (13.7%) and 11 (32.5%) used one HCP prior to hospital admission (p = 0.000). The median time between first medical consultation and treatment initiation was 150 days. The median time between first medical consultation and hospital admission was 136.0 and 52.0 days for patients of the FAP hospital, respectively the HNL (p < 0.050). The median time between first medical consultation and diagnostic mammography was 36.5 and 23.0 days for patients from the FAP hospital and the HNL (p < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS Usage of public diagnostic services was associated with increased SD, whereas the usage of private diagnostic services diminished it. The usage of a lower number of HCPs accelerated patient flow.
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Reduction of Serum Concentrations and Synergy between Retinol, β-Carotene, and Zinc According to Cancer Staging and Different Treatment Modalities Prior to Radiation Therapy in Women with Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122953. [PMID: 31817125 PMCID: PMC6950526 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The procedures used for breast cancer treatment are able to increase the level of oxidative stress and cause depletion of antioxidants. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, and zinc, according to breast cancer staging, considering different treatment modalities prior to radiation therapy and the synergistic action between these micronutrients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study comprising a cohort of patients with breast cancer which was carried out prior to radiation therapy. Patients were divided into 3 groups: G1 comprised women who had undergone breast-conserving surgery, G2 comprised those who had undergone chemotherapy, and G3 those who had undergone breast-conserving surgery and chemotherapy. Serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, and zinc were quantified. Breast cancer staging was based on the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) classification of malignant tumors, a type of staging tool for different cancers. Results: A total of 230 patients were assessed. A decrease of the serum concentrations of the micronutrients assessed as the staging level of the disease increased was observed. Surgery alone had a greater negative impact on serum concentrations of retinol. Considering the treatments prior to radiotherapy, patients undergoing surgery alone and chemotherapy associated with surgery had higher percentages of deficiency of β-carotene and retinol. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of zinc, retinol, and β-carotene, showing a synergy between these micronutrients. Conclusion: A significant reduction in the serum concentrations of the assessed micronutrients was observed, according to the increase in breast cancer staging. The synergy between the micronutrients must be considered in order to maximize the benefits and minimize the adverse effects of irradiation to normal cells.
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Delay in breast cancer diagnosis: a Brazilian cohort study. Public Health 2019; 167:88-95. [PMID: 30641460 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the delay in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and its risk factors. STUDY DESIGN A cohort study of BC patients referred to treatment at oncological reference hospital, Brazil. Delay in BC diagnosis was defined as a time interval ≥90 days between the first contact with a care provider and a BC diagnosis. METHODS The association between independent variables and delay was performed by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-six women were included in the study. Delay was observed in 68.8% and was associated with performing histopathological examination at oncological reference hospital (odds ratio [OR]: 3.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91-8.20) or at another public health service (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.50-3.56) and attending gynecological consultations annually (OR: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.97-5.33) or every 2-3 years (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.55-5.28). Patients who presented a lump as the first sign or symptom had a lower chance of delay (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.29-0.65). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in the structure and access to health services are needed to reduce the time to diagnosis.
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Suleiman NN, Nascimento N, Botelho JMS, Coelho RC. Overview of female breast cancer in northern Tocantins - Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:316-322. [PMID: 29019533 DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912017004001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the temporal variation of the percentages of female breast cancer in early and late stages and analyze socio-demographic variables associated with these stages. METHODS study of secondary data performed between the years of 2000 and 2015 in the Araguaína Regional Hospital - Araguaína - TO - Brasil. RESULTS breast cancer in advanced stages were diagnosed in 51.1% of the cases and at an early stage in 48.9%. There was no difference between the percentages of patients with early and late stages over the years. Women of race/black, illiterate and origin of the southeast of Pará presented a higher percentage of late staging at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS most women was diagnosed with advanced disease; the time evolution of the proportion of cases (advanced/early) did not demonstrate variational changes over the years; association of the disease has been identified in advanced stage in women of race/black, illiterate and from the southeast of Pará state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Nazir Suleiman
- Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos - ITPAC, UNACON - Hospital Regional de Araguaína, Araguaína, TO, Brasil.,Hospital Regional de Araguaína
| | - Nanci Nascimento
- - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/USP, Tecnologia Nuclear - Aplicações, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - João Manuel Santos Botelho
- Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos - ITPAC, UNACON - Hospital Regional de Araguaína, Araguaína, TO, Brasil.,Hospital Regional de Araguaína
| | - Rachel Carvalho Coelho
- Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos - ITPAC, UNACON - Hospital Regional de Araguaína, Araguaína, TO, Brasil.,Hospital Regional de Araguaína
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Schilling MPR, Silva IFD, Opitz SP, Borges MFDSO, Koifman S, Rosalina Jorge K. Breast Cancer Awareness among Women in Western Amazon: a Population Based Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:847-856. [PMID: 28441797 PMCID: PMC5464509 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A general lack of women`s awareness of breast cancer has been one of the barriers to screening and early presentation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate levels of knowledge about risk factors, and early warning signs of breast cancer, and to determine factors associated with better levels of comprehension. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 478 women over 40 years old, living in Rio Branco city, western Amazon. All were interviewed using the “Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes and practice scale”, developed by American Cancer Society. Results: Among the respondents, only 28.6% of women were aware that advanced age highly increases the risk. Around 30% of participants recognized nipple retraction as a sign of breast cancer. Breast cancer knowledge varied according to age in such a way that the mean scores were high from 40-69 years and decreased dramatically among those aged ≥70 (β=-0.06, p=0.031). Access to health services such as the Pap-test (β=2.45, p=0.027) and attending a gynecologist in the past two years (β=1.88, p=0.005) were statistically associated with the score of breast cancer knowledge. Conclusion: The findings indicate that women living in urban areas, having gynecological assessment, considering herself at high risk of developing breast cancer and thinking that breast cancer is a fatal disease are statistically associated with good knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, even adjusting for age and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Presa Raulino Schilling
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Postgraduate Program in Public Health and Environment, Brazil.
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Bukowski A, Gioia S, Chavarri-Guerra Y, Soto-Perez-de-Celis E, St Louis J, Paulino E, Nogueira-Rodrigues A, Goss PE. Patient Navigation to Improve Access to Breast Cancer Care in Brazil. J Glob Oncol 2016; 3:433-437. [PMID: 29094079 PMCID: PMC5646893 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2016.006726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bukowski
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gioia
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanin Chavarri-Guerra
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica St Louis
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Paulino
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelica Nogueira-Rodrigues
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul E Goss
- , , and , Avon International Breast Cancer Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital; , , , , , , , and , The Global Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; and , Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva; Rio de Janeiro; , Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and and , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wariss BR, Costa RM, Pereira ACPR, Koifman RJ, Bergmann A. Axillary web syndrome is not a risk factor for lymphoedema after 10 years of follow-up. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:465-470. [PMID: 27704260 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between axillary web syndrome and the development of lymphoedema after 10 years of follow-up. METHODOLOGY A prospective observational study in a hospital cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated at a referral centre for cancer. Patients were followed according to the routine of the hospital's physical therapy service. In addition, a review of medical records was conducted for the period between 5 and 10 years of follow-up. Data on patient characteristics, treatment, tumour and postoperative complications were collected. RESULTS In all, 964 patients were included, mostly <65 years old (75 %) and classified as being overweight (68 %). Disease was diagnosed as being up to stage IIA in 54.9 % of the cases; 65.1% underwent mastectomy and 83.8% had total axillary dissection. As adjuvant treatment, 61 % underwent chemotherapy, 63.5 % radiotherapy and 68 % hormone therapy. Among surgical complications, 62.6 % of patients had seroma, 40.7 % had necrosis, 35.9 % axillary web syndrome and 31.4 % lymphoedema. There was no association between axillary web syndrome and the development of lymphoedema (OR = 0.87, 95 % CI 0.65 to 1.15, p = 0.329). CONCLUSION The occurrence of axillary web syndrome was not a risk factor for lymphoedema after 10 years of follow-up.
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Peres VC, Veloso DLC, Xavier RM, Salge AKM, Guimarães JV. BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN: RECURRENCE AND SURVIVAL AT FIVE YEARS. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072015000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTWomen undergoing breast cancer treatment are still at risk of recurrence. This study investigated the association among survival and relapse with staging of breast cancer in women treated in an oncology reference hospital in Goiânia-GO, Brazil over a five-year period after diagnosis in 2008. This descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with the medical records of 460 women. Data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test and the Kaplan Meier Curve. Overall, mortality, local/regional recurrence and metastasis were at 14.1%, 6.5% and 25.2%, respectively. There was an improvement in the survival of women with breast cancer at five years, but there is still a significant number of women diagnosed in advanced stages and experiencing recurrence, indicating there is a need to improve detection of the disease in its early stages and recurrences.
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Prolla CMD, da Silva PS, Netto CBO, Goldim JR, Ashton-Prolla P. Knowledge about breast cancer and hereditary breast cancer among nurses in a public hospital. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2015; 23:90-7. [PMID: 25806636 PMCID: PMC4376036 DOI: 10.1590/0104-1169.0185.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge of nurses involved in the care of oncology patients in a
public university hospital, regarding breast cancer and hereditary breast cancer,
and to verify the use of such knowledge in their daily practice. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained through a
structured, self-administered questionnaire. Out of 154 nurses, 137 (88.9%) agreed
to participate in the study. Two questionnaires were excluded such that 135
questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: The global percentage of correct answers was not associated with age (p=0.173) or
degree/specialization (p=0.815). Questions were classified into categories. In
categories involving knowledge of established breast cancer risk factors and
indicators of hereditary breast cancer, the rate of correct answers was 65.8% and
66.4%, respectively. On the practice of genetic counseling, 40.7% of those
interviewed were not sure about the definition of genetic counseling and 78.5%
reported never having identified or referred a patient at genetic risk for
specialized risk assessment. Practice of educational actions regarding this
subject was reported by 48.5% of those interviewed. CONCLUSION: This study reinforces the need to develop qualifying actions for nurses, so that
strategies to control breast cancer become effective in their health care
practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Yilmaz M, Sanli D, Ucgun M, Kaya NS, Tokem Y. Lifestyle behaviors and early diagnosis practices of cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:3269-74. [PMID: 23803114 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to determine the lifestyle behaviors and the practices for early diagnosis of cancer of cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. The sample consisted of 222 patients with a diagnosis of cancer (non-random sample method). Ethical permission was obtained of the Non-interventional Research Ethics Committee of our Institution. Values of p<0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS It was observed that 54.4% of the patients had never performed breast self-examination, 60.8% had never had a mammography, and 71.2% had never had a Pap smear. Sixty-six point two percent of patients had never had screening for colon cancer within the past ten years. GIS cancers were higher in smokers and ex-smokers (p=0.005), in drinkers and in ex-drinkers (p=0.000). The breast cancer rate was higher in obese people (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide information on the healthy lifestyle behavior of cancer patients before their diagnosis, and their use of early diagnosis practices. The important aspect of this study is to extend cancer patients' period of life after the diagnosis and treatment process, to make them conscious of risky lifestyle and nutritional behavior so that they can maintain a high quality of life, and to start initiatives in this direction that would ensure changes in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Yilmaz
- Health Sciences Faculty, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
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